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Feedback and Feedforward System

Feedforward control is a process control mechanism that attempts to prevent changes before they occur by measuring disturbances from the external environment and sending control signals to minimize their impact. It is proactive and timely but requires accurate disturbance measurement and modeling. Feedback control is reactive and responds to errors between the set point and process variable by applying corrections. It is reliable and improves stability but can be too sensitive to changes and potentially unstable. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages depending on the control application.

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275 views4 pages

Feedback and Feedforward System

Feedforward control is a process control mechanism that attempts to prevent changes before they occur by measuring disturbances from the external environment and sending control signals to minimize their impact. It is proactive and timely but requires accurate disturbance measurement and modeling. Feedback control is reactive and responds to errors between the set point and process variable by applying corrections. It is reliable and improves stability but can be too sensitive to changes and potentially unstable. Both approaches have advantages and disadvantages depending on the control application.

Uploaded by

poojita banna
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Feedforward Control

• also known as preliminary, preventive or pre-action controls


• a process by which a controller/element/pathway within a control system that passes a controlling
signal from a source in its external environment to a control somewhere else in its environment.
• mechanisms that attempt to prevent changes before they occur, rather than responding to a change
after it has occurred

Example
thermostatically controlled room
• install a temperature sensor outside of the room.
• sensor detects the outside temperature
• sends signal to the thermostat to start heating up when pressure drop
• this will make sure that room temperature is not affected.

Process of Operation
• primary disturbance is measured
• calculates the required value of the other inputs/variables
• manipulated variable is adjusted (usually by a controller) so that effects of the disturbance is
minimized
• i.e. deviations in the controlled variable from the set point are minimized
Advantages of a Feedforward Control
there is a known or defined source/s of disturbances (wind, waves and water current offshore)
control is proactive. Immediate corresponding changes in variable to cancel out disturbances
use a disturbance model to implement appropriate countermeasure
timely as it speedily delivers a countermeasure when disturbances are discovered.

Disadvantages of Feed forward control


• the disturbance variables must be measured online. ...
• for effective use of feedforward control, at least an approximate process model should be
available.
• Ideal feedforward controllers that are theoretically capable of achieving perfect control may
not be physically realizable. (Ref: https://instrumentationforum.com/t/disadvantages-of-feed-forward-
control/5677)
• It involves additional instrumentation
• Additional engineering costs.
Feedback Control System
• this is a reactive system
• it responds to measured errors (e.g. PID-an instrument used in industrial control
applications to regulate temperature, flow, pressure, speed and other process )
• measures the difference between a desired set point (SP) and a measured process
variable (PV) and applies a correction based
• feedback occurs after an activity or process is completed
• feedback control is achieved by adding controllers, compensators, and feedback
structures to the system

Feedback System Components


1. input
2. process being controlled
3. output
4. sensor
5. controller (control center) and actuating device (an effector)
Advantages of a Feedback System
• automatically reduce errors or signal effect
• improve stability (station-keeping of platforms or vessels)
• increase robustness against external disturbances
• reliable and repeatable

Disadvantage
• too much commands and signals passing to and from the controllers, at all times
• Changes. Systems that are too sensitive to changes will produce errors.
• The system may not be stable even when the comparable open-loop system is stable.
• it may oscillate or depart greatly from the desired output),
• error detector is necessary in order to compare two states.
• Any change in an output will affect the system input.

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