IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MOST GRACIOUS, THE

MOST MERCIFUL

PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL,

AL- JUBAIL

ONLINE TEACHING

CLASS VI- B

SUBJECT – ENGLISH

COMPLETE NOTES
1ST TERM, SESSION 2020 - 2021

Page 1 of 51
 WRITTEN BY : MUHAMMAD TAJAMMAL AHSAN

M.A ENGLISH , DIPLOMA IN TEFL

EX-PROFESSOR / HEAD OF ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
AT GOVT DEGREE COLLGE
TUTOR AT ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN UNIVERSITY
PAPER SETTER AT ALLAMA IQBAL OPEN
UNIVERSITY
SUB-EXAMINER AT FEDERAL BOARD OF
INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY EDUCATION
SUB-EXAMINER AT RAWALPINDI BOARD OF
INTERMEDIATE AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

Forms of verb
Page 2 of 51
S.No Present Past Past Participle
1 Swell Swelled Swollen

2 Leave Left Left

3 Swim Swam Swum

4 Lie Lied Lied

5 Teach Taught Taught

6 Take Took Taken

7 Lie Lay Lain

8 Tell Told Told

9 Lay Laid Laid

10 Shake Shook Shaken

11 Think Thought Thought

12 Shine Shone Shone

13 Throw Threw Thrown

14 Wear Wore Worn

15 Shrink Shrank Shrunk

16 Weave Wove Woven

17 Sing Sang Sung

18 Wind Wound Wound

19 Show Showed Showed

20 Shoot Shot Shot

The Best Advice I Ever Had

Part “A” : Meanings in context.

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1. Explain each expression as it is used in the passage.
Expression Meanings
a) Rang constantly in my ears stayed in my mind
b) It has stayed with me It lingered in my
thoughts.
c) Had gained it through experience had learnt it through
Experience
d) Earned a free conscience remained guilt free
e) Work’s greatest by-product Unexpected result of work
f) Conjugating ………verbs forming ……. Verbs
g) Be diverted Distracted
h) Thanks to his insistence Indebted to his persuasion
i) My clear duty My main responsibility
j) It came to me It revealed to me
k) Have never kept office hours worked after office hours
l) Gave me an inner serenity Gave me an internal peace.
2. Give a synonym for each word.
Word Synonym
a) Comforted soothed
b) Difficult Tough
c) Contentment Satisfaction
d) Insisted Stressed
e) Earnestness Seriousness
f) Stratagem Strategy
g) Duty bound Confined to duty
h) Cheerless Gloomy
i) Regretted Repented
j) Sense Feeling
k) Precious Cherished
l) Physical Corporal

Part B: In each case choose the best answer.

Ans. The best answers are

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1. © ……. all the time
2. (D)………. had a valuable and lasting influence on Adenauer
3. (A) ……… Experience
4. (B) ….. … a rare distinction
5. © ……….. a sense of having done his duty fully
6. (D) ……..his most important duty
7. © ………. A reminder that kept him going
8. (D) …… He knew that he could not “go the last mile” if he kept office
hours.
9. (A) …… felt he had done the right thing in opposing Nazism.

10 (D) ….. of all the above reasons.

Part “C”: Answer the questions

Q1. “Go the last mile- and enjoy it”. What did Konard Adenauer’s father
mean by this?

Ans. Konard Adenauer’s statement means when you perform your duty
conscientiously, it would give you an inner happiness and serenity.

Q2. How did this philosophy of life benefit Adenauer’s father?

Ans. This philosophy of life benefitted Adenauer’s father to get

promotion in the Prussian army. It also helped him to become a
contented person throughout his life.

Q3. How did it help Adenauer when he was at the University of Munich?

Ans. At the university of Munich, Adenauer remembered his father’s

advice ,“go the last mile”, and carried on his efforts to complete his
studies to support the family.

Q4. How did it again help Adenauer to deal with Nazism?

Ans. It helped Adenauer to oppose Nazism because he thought Nazism

could lead to slavery. His stand against Nazism gave him an inner
serenity.

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Q5. What qualities does Konard Adenauer reveal about himself in this
essay?

Ans. The essay reveals that Konard was an honest, duty bound and
hard working man. His steadfastness to his father’s advice shows his
deep sense of obedience, love and respect for his father. He remained
firm and steadfast in his actions and decisions in his life.

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 Application for fee exemption

Examination
Hall,

City, A .B .C.

To,

The Principal,

Pakistan International School,

Al -Jubail.

Subject: Fee Exemption

Sir,

Respectfully stated, that I am bona fide student of grade VI in the

school. I am an intelligent and promising student. I have won many firsts
and blues in the school. I am good player of hokey and an orator of first
rank as well. But my father works in a factory. His income is low and he has
to support a family of seven members. Therefore he cannot bear the
expenses of my education. He wants me to lend his hand in his work in the
factory. But I want to continue my studies to make my future bright.
Therefore, it is requested that I may be exempted of my school fee so that I
may continue my studies to achieve my aim of becoming neurologist in
future.

Hoping a favorable response at you end please!

Yours obediently,

X. Y. Z. Date:-

Page 7 of 51
 Essay A Rainy Day

“Rain is a grace; rain is the sky descending to the earth;

without rain, there would be no life.” There are many seasons on the
Earth like summer, winter, autumn, spring and rainy season. But my
favorite season is rainy season. Rainy days are liked and loved by all the
people of all the ages but kids get more excited. Rainy days bring pleasant
weather, uplift moods and are of utmost importance for farmers.

It was the mid of July, the sun shone brightly on the sky and it was
unbearably hot. The ponds had run dry and everyone was praying for the
mercy of Allah. Suddenly, dark and thicker clouds appeared on the horizon
of sky and at last prayers were heard. I found breeze was blowing and it
was followed by lightning and thundering. Soon it began to rain. The rhythm
of the falling rain was too melodious and charming to listen.

Kids came out of their homes and started to play in rain and jumped
into puddles and made paper boats. I and my brother also went out to take
cool natural shower after so many hot sunny days. We jumped in puddles,
splashed water on each other and made paper boats and floated them in
the rain water. After playing in rain we stepped in house. My mother made
fried snacks for us. We enjoyed eating snacks.

After sometime, the rain stopped. I along with my friends went to park
to play football. The streets were full of water because of rain. All the plants
and trees had been washed and appeared very beautiful and pleasant. The
natural beauty of flowers was very appealing to aesthetic sense. The soft
pleasant smell prevailed everywhere. Then rainbow appeared in the sky
and my heart leapt up with joy to behold its beauty. The rain made the day
very pleasant. Such joys can never be forgotten. A rainy day is indeed a
great blessing.

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 Spaceship Earth

Part “A” Meanings in context

1. Give the meanings of each word as is used in the passage.

Word Meanings
a) Illimitable Boundless
b) Restock To supply again
c) Sewage Waste matter
d) Fostered Nurtured
e) Run short of To become depleted
f) Atmospheric Related to atmosphere
g) Combustion Burning
h) Have to watch To take care
i) Dawned Appeared
j) Recycled Recovered
k) Expired Deceased
l) Regenerated Reproduced
m) Anew Afresh
n) Served Provided
o) Working capital Current assets
p) Margins Brims
q) Run down Disparage
r) Intervene Interfere
s) Transpire Emit / occur
t) Hurt Injure

Part B : In each case choose the best answer.

Ans: The answers are given as

1. (a)……. a pessimistic attitude

2. (D) …….. The rivers can be polluted, the seas overfished, and
forests may vanish.
3. © …….. the fostering of forests
4. (D)…….. People should not take air and water too much for
granted.
5. (B)……… limited resources
6. © ……….the Earth’s original resources
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 7. © .The earth’s growing population requires more and more
resources.
8. (D) ……. the ecological balance
9. (D) ...He has not appreciated nature’s beauty and benefits
sufficiently.
10. © ….. The harm done then was less in degree and extent.

Part C : Answer these questions in your own words.

Q1. How did man behave in the past that shows he regarded the
earth’s resources as illimitable?

Ans. In the past, man believed that nature would restock all the
resources misused by him. Therefore, he behaved very carelessly
regarding the Earth’s resources as illimitable.

Q2. According to the writer, what is man’s present attitude to air and
water? Why should man pay more attention to air?

Ans. Man has still primitive optimism about air and water. He thinks
that there can never be shortage of air and water. Whereas man needs
to pay more attention to air and water for his survival.

Q3. Why has it become necessary for man to help nature in the pace
of recycling?

Ans. The Earth has limited resources with increasing population.

Therefore, it has become necessary for man to help nature in pace of
recycling in order to have new stock of resources.

Q4. The earth’s resources “are tied together in a complex set of

transactions”. Give an illustration of this from the passage.

Ans. The Earth’s resources are tied together in complex set of

transactions. For example, the air helps to purify the water, the water
irrigates the plants. the plants help to renew the air.

Q5. Give three examples from the passage of man’s intervention in

one of nature’s many cycles?

Ans. Three examples of man’s intervention in nature’ cycle are as:

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1. Man has cut down the forests which transpire water and oxygen.

2. Man has built dams and pipelines which limit the movement of
animals.

3. Man has paved the earth and built reservoirs which altered the
water cycle.

Letter to friend telling your plans for summer vacation

Examination Hall,

City, A. B. C.

April 8, 2020.

My dear Friend,

I hope this letter finds you in the best of your health. I

am writing this letter to inform you that our school will be closed for
the summer vacation in June. Summer vacation is the time for which
every student waits and plans how to spend summer vacation. In this
letter, I shall tell you how I will spend my summer vacation. I have
planned to complete my homework in about two weeks. Then, I have
planned a tour program to visit Swat with my family. We would stay
two weeks there. The weather is fine there and beautiful natural
scenes of Swat are really worth seeing. I have planned to carry my
camera with me to shoot beautiful scenes to be cherished later.
Lastly, I have a plan to spend rest of holidays with my grandfather in
my village. I hope to spend my summer vacation in a colorful way
enjoying myself with my family.

With best wishes and convey my greetings to your family!

Yours sincerely,

X. Y. Z.

Page 11 of 51
 Poem The Rain
Paraphrasing
Stanza No 1

I hear leaves drinking rain;

I hear rich leaves on top

Giving the poor beneath

Drop after drop;

‘Tis a sweet noise to hear

These green leaves drinking near.

Paraphrasing:

In these lines the poet, W.H. Davies says that he hears the upper
layer of leaves drinking rain water. He calls them rich leaves because they
get drops of rain directly. Then they pass the rain drops to the leaves
beneath them whom the poet calls the poor leaves. The constant and
heavy rain fall on the leaves makes a sort of noise. But the poet enjoys the
sound of the rain fall on leaves and calls it soft and sweet music. Being the
poet of nature, he finds musical amusement in the sound of falling rain on
leaves.

Stanza No 2

And when the Sun comes out,

After the rain shall stop

A wondrous light will fill

Each dark, round drop;

I hope the sun shines bright;

It will be a lovely sight.

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Paraphrasing:

In these lines the poet, W.H. Davies says that the Sun will again shine
brightly after the rain stops. The sun light will spread everywhere making
the atmosphere lovely and bright. Everything will shine due to radiance of
rays of the sun. The sunlight will fill each dark, round droplets of rain with
wondrous light. These droplets will be illuminated to make a rainbow.
According to the poet, it will be a lovely, pleasing and worth seeing sight for
everyone.

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 Dialogue between athletic and bookish student

Background:

Ali and Ahmed live in a hostel. Ali spends his maximum time in reading
books. But Ahmed likes games and athletic activities. Both argue with each
other when Ahmed asks Ali to play cricket with him.

Ahmed: Hi ! Ali, what are you doing?

Ali: I am studying how to convert active voice into passive voice.

Ahmed: You always remain busy with books. Come and play cricket with
me outside.

Ali: No I can’t waste my time in games because exams are imminent.

Ahmed : Always panic for studies and exams ! Don’t be worried about
exams. You must also play for sometime because games keep us
physically and mentally fit. Games relax us from fatigue and tension of our
daily hectic routine of life.

Ali: Look, it is very essential for us at this level of our student life to equip
us with learning and knowledge. It broadens our vision and increases our
wisdom. It improves our intellectual faculties.

Ahmed: But one should not be a book worm. Everyone should take part in
physical and practical activities of life also. It also develops maturity and
sense of responsibility. As it is said,

“All work and no play make Jack a dull boy”.

Ali: Yes, you are right. We must have a scheduled time both for studies and
games but with according to priority of our need and circumstances

Ahgmed ; Yes, it sounds more appropriate. See you later. Bye, Bye

Ali. Take care. Bye, Bye.

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 Present Indefinite Tense
Identity: In urdu, the sentence ends at ‫تا ھوں‬،‫ تے ھیں‬،‫ تی ھے‬،‫تا ھے‬
In English this tense indicates actions which we do every day or
become our habits or describe the law of nature or tell universal truth etc.

Structure:

Subject + verb (1st form) + s or es + object

Note: (i) We use ‘s’ or ‘es’ with third person singular pronoun ( he,
she, it ) and with singular noun.

ii) We do not use ‘s’ or ‘es’ with 1st person pronouns and 2nd person
pronouns and plural nouns.

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘do not’ and

‘does not’ before the verb.

Do not is used with 1st person pronoun (I , we ) and 2nd person pronoun
(You) and 3rd person plural pronoun (they) and plural nouns.

Does not is used with 3rd person pronoun and singular noun. When we use
does, then don’t add ‘s’ or ‘ es’ with first form of verb.

Subject + do not / does not + verb (1st form) + object.

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write do or

does before subject and put question mark (?) at the end of sentence.

Do / Does + subject + verb (1st form) + object + ?

Note : Use of do and does same as in negative sentences, (written above).

Sentences for translation

‫مسلمان ہر روز قرآن مجید کی تالوت کرتے ہیں‬1

.The Muslims recite the holy Quran daily

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 ‫کیا پرندے ہوا میں اڑتے ہیں؟‬2

?Do the birds fly in air

‫ کیا پولیس واال چور کا پیچھا کرتا ہے؟‬3

?Does the policeman chase the thief

‫ کیا ستارے آسمان پر چمکتے ہیں؟‬4

?Do the stars shine at the sky

‫پانی اپنی سطح کو برقرار رکھتا ہے۔‬5

.The water keeps its level

‫دو اور دو چار بناتے ہیں۔‬6

.Two and two make four

‫وہ روزانہ دو بار چائے نہیں لیتی۔‬7

.She does not take tea twice every day

.‫سورج مشرق سے طلوع ہوتا ہے‬8

.The Sun rises in the east

‫یہ دکاندار سستا سامان فروخت کرتا ہے۔‬9

.This shop keeper sells the cheap goods

‫باغبان پودوں کی پرواہ نہیں کرتا ہے۔‬10

The gardener does not take care of plants.
Page 16 of 51
 Past Indefinite Tense
Identity: In urdu, the sentence ends at ‫ ے‬، ‫ ی‬، ‫ یا‬، ‫ا‬
In English this tense indicates actions which are completed in
near past.

Structure:

Subject + verb (2nd form) + object .

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘did not’

before the verb.

Note: When we use ‘did’, then we use first form of verb.

Subject + did not + verb (1st form) + object .

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write ‘did’

before subject and put question mark (?) at the end of sentence.

Did + subject + verb (1st form) + object + ?

Sentences for translation

‫ٹرین پل کے قریب رک گئی۔‬ .1

.The train stopped near the bridge

‫ہم ایک اونچے پہاڑ پر چڑھ گئے۔‬ .2

.We climbed on a high mountain

‫میں راستے میں کسی اجنبی سے نہیں مال۔‬. 3

.I did not meet any stranger on the way

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 ‫‪4‬کیا انہوں نے آپ کو حیرت زدہ کیا؟‬

‫‪?Did they surprise you‬‬

‫‪5‬اس نے بھکاری کی مدد نہیں کی۔‬

‫‪.He did not help the beggar‬‬

‫‪6‬کیا آپ اس سے ملنے گئے؟‬

‫‪?Did you go to meet him‬‬

‫‪7‬کیا انہوں نے بحفاظت سڑک عبور کی؟‬

‫‪?Did they cross road safely‬‬

‫‪8‬کسان نے فصل کاٹ دی۔‬

‫‪.The farmer cut the crop‬‬

‫‪9‬کیا آپ نے اپنے والدین کی بات مانی؟‬

‫‪?Did you obey your parents‬‬

‫‪10‬باپ نے جھوٹ بولنے پر بیٹے کو ڈانٹا‬

‫‪The father scolded son on telling lie.‬‬

‫‪Page 18 of 51‬‬
 Future Indefinite Tense
Identity: In urdu, the sentence ends at ‫ گی‬،‫ گے‬، ‫گا‬
In English this tense indicates actions which are completed in the
future.

Structure:

Subject + helping verb ( will / shall) + verb (1 st form) + object

Note: (i) We use ‘will’ with 2nd person pronoun ( you) and third
person pronoun ( he, she, it, they ) and with noun.

ii) We use ‘shall’ with 1st person pronouns ( I, we) .

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘will not’ and

‘ shall not’ before the verb.

Subject + will not / shall not + verb (1st form) + object.

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write will or

shall before subject and put question mark (?) at the end of sentence.

Will / Shall + subject + verb (1st form) + object + ?

Note : Use of will and shall in negative and interrogative sentences, is

same as written above.

Sentences for translation

‫کیا آپ اپنے دوست کو پہچانیں گے؟‬1

?Will you recognize/ identify your friend

‫لوگ آج پتنگ اڑائیں گے۔‬2

.The people will fly kites today

‫کیا وزیر استعفی نہیں دے گا؟‬3

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 ?Will the minister not resign

‫پولیس کب چوروں کو پکڑے گی؟‬4

?When will the police catch the thieves

‫موچی جوتے کی مرمت کرے گا۔‬5

.Cobbler will repair the shoes

‫کیا ہم غریبوں کی مدد کریں گے؟‬6

?Shall we help the poor

‫میں نیا مکان خریدوں گا‬7

.I shall buy new house

‫میں تیز کار نہیں چالؤں گا۔‬8

.I shall not drive car fast

‫ وہ اپنا کام مکمل کریں گے۔‬9

.They will complete their work

‫ کیا وہ پولیس کو چوری کی اطالع دیں گے؟‬10

Will they inform the police about theft?

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 A Kind Deed
Part A : Meanings in context
1. Choose the best explanation for each expression.
a) “a sudden commotion” means an unexpected disturbance.
b) “on the spot” means here and now.
c) “you can keep your head” means you have patience
d) “she should treasure the …words’ means she would value and
remember them.
e) ‘a lift for low moments” means something to cheer her up when
she was depressed.
2. Give synonym of each word.
Word Synonym
a) Pain Agony
b) Clustered Huddled / Gathered
c) Help Assistance
d) Doctor Physician
e) Relieve Soothe
f) Honesty Uprightness
g) Prod Stir / press
h) Boasting Bragging
i) Injuries Wounds
j) Qualifications Conditions
k)

B : Choose the best answer.

The answers are given as:

1. (A) Her mother and grand mother

2. © they wanted to give her room to treat the child
3. (A) if the nail turned black.
4. © by bandaging it with a handkerchief
5. (B) from observing her father.

Page 21 of 51
 Part C : Answer these questions.
Q1. What happened to the child? How did she react?

Ans. The child’s hand was trapped in the carriage door at the railway
platform. She was crying with pain and fear.

Q2. Why did Sara hesitate before she offered help?

Ans. Sara hesitated due to her shyness first. Then, she mustered up her
courage and offered help to look child’s injured hand.

Q3. Why did Sara think that no bones in hand were broken? How did she
suggest the hand should be treated?

Ans. Sara checked the child’s hand and found fingers moving freely. So
she concluded that no bones in hand were broken. She suggested to bathe
the hand and to keep it covered with a hankie at this moment

Q4. Why did Sara qualify her statement that she was a medical student?
What made her do it?

Ans. The statement of child’s mother, “How lucky we were to find a nurse
on the spot” made Sara to clarify that she was a medical student.

Q5. Explain clearly why the child’s grandmother thought that Sara would
make a good doctor?

Ans. The way Sara treated child’s injured hand with full patience,
confidence and attention made granny to say that Sara would make a good
doctor.

Q6. What impression do you get of the character of Sara from the
passage?

Ans. Sara was a shy girl. She was a kind hearted and intelligent girl. She
was handy and bold enough to extend help to the needy on the spot.

Page 22 of 51
 Essay A Cricket Match

“Sports keep kids really involved in a good place and pave way
for their better physical and mental health.” Games are very beneficial
for us as they teach us punctuality, patience, discipline, teamwork, and
dedication. Playing sports helps us in building and improving confidence
level. The phrase ‘sports and games’ is quite broad with multiple types
such as cricket, football, hockey, racing, golf etc., but to me cricket has
always been a great deal of fascination. Never ever had I missed a single
opportunity of participating in cricket matches arranged by our school.

Last week, a cricket match was arranged in our school. Two teams
were made, namely ‘The Warriors 11’ and ‘Tigers 11’, and I was selected in
‘The Warriors 11’. Each team had a captain, who was the most senior
student. The match was decided to be of 10 overs.It was arranged in the
Grand ground of our school. The match was scheduled to start at 10 in the
morning. Therefore, all the preparations including seating arrangements for
crowd and guests, sound system, and display of trophy, shield and medals
for winning team etc., were completed prior to 10 AM. At 9:30 AM, the
umpire called the captains of both teams for toss. Luckily, our captain won
the toss and decided to bat first. From 9:30 to 10 AM, crowd was settled
and match started at 10 AM. Unfortunately, our openers were out for only
11 runs. Then, the captain of our team was on strike. He played really well
and increased the score to 42 runs before he was declared run out. Now, it
was my turn to bat. After missing 3 balls, I started hitting. My partner player
also played a splendid game. In our partnership, the score was raised to 93
runs. Only 2 balls were remaining, when my partner player was run out.
The next player missed a ball and on the last ball, he hit a six. The final
target was 100 runs. The other team started batting after tea break. Our
bowlers bowled really well, and whole team performed very actively. I also
bowled two overs and got 1 wicket as well. Very quickly, the players of
opponent team were dismissed. The whole team was out for 69 runs. We
won the match by 31 runs. The last hour of the match was very exciting.

We all were very happy on our brilliant success. The chief guest
of the match distributed trophy and medals to the winning team, and
certificates of appreciation to the members of the other team. I was
declared to be the man of the match and awarded a shield. We all really

Page 23 of 51
 enjoyed that day. The crowd was also very supportive and happy. It was
really a memorable match of my life.

Letter to bookseller for ordering books

Examination Hall,
May 12, 2020.
To,
The Manger,
Horizon Publishing Company,
City, A. B. C.
Subject: Order of books
Sir,
It is to inform you that I received the latest price list of the books from your
office. I would be highly thankful to you if you send me the following books at
my address given below as early as possible because I am in dire need of these
books. Please ensure that books should be of latest edition with good quality of
paper and binding. The particulars of the books with their quantity are given
below:
S.No                   Particulars                                      Quantity
1. Understand and communicate Book 1 1 copy
2. Exploring the world of English 1 copy
3.. Science Class VI 2 copies
4. English Grammar and Composition by Wren and Martin 1 Copy
5. A Book of Advanced Essays 1 Copy
6. Urdu Grammar Book Class VI 1 Copy
Kindly accord me discount as per your policy on my order. I am enclosing a
demand draft of Rs: 2500 in bank account of your company. I shall appreciate if
you acknowledge the receipt of the order.
Looking forward for your quick response!

Page 24 of 51
Yours truly,
X . Y. Z. (Address)

Passive voice
Rules:

i) All passive sentences begin with object.

ii) All passive sentences contain helping verb. Helping verbs are
different in all tenses.
iii) All passive sentences take only 3rd form of verb (past
participle).
iv) Preposition ‘by’ is added after verb (3rd form).
v) Subject is added after preposition ‘by’.
vi) In order to make negative sentences ‘not’ is added after
helping verb.
vii) In order to make interrogative sentences, helping verb is
written before object and question mark (?) is put at the end
of sentence.
viii) Structure:

S+V+O …………… Active voice

O+ H.V + M.V + by + S ………… Passive voice

These are general rules need to be followed in all tenses

converting sentences from active voice into passive voice.
…………………………………………………………………………………

Present Tense

Present Indefinite Tense

Structure: (i): Subject + V (1st form) + Object ……… Active voice

O+ H. V + M.V + by + S ………… Passive voice

Object + Is/ am/ are + verb ( 3rd form) + by + subject

Note: (i) We use ‘is’ with singular pronoun ( he, she, it ) and with
singular noun.

Page 25 of 51
ii) We use ‘are’ with plural pronouns ( we , you, they) and plural
nouns.

iii) We use “am” with first person singular pronoun ( I ).

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘is not’,

“am not” and ‘are not’ before the verb.

object + am not / is not / are not + verb (3rd form) + by + subject.

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write is/

am / are before object and put question mark (?) at the end of
sentence.

Is / Am / Are + object + verb (3rd form) + by+ subject + ?

Note : Use of is, am and are same as in negative sentences, (written

above).

Examples: 1.They throw stones.

(P) Stones are thrown by them.

2. Do you watch television?

(P) Is television watched by you?

3. He climbs a high mountain.

(P) A high mountain is climbed by him.

4. I do not like liars.

(P) Liars are not liked by me.

5. A pious man always speaks truth.

(P) Truth is always spoken by a pious man.

6. The good students do not waste their time.

(P) Their time is not wasted by the good students.

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. Past Indefinite Tense

Structure for active sentences:

Subject + verb (2nd form) + object

Structure for passive sentences:

Object + Helping Verb ( was / were) + Main verb (3rd form) +by +
subject .

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘was not’ and

‘were not’ before the verb.

Object + was not / were not + verb (3rd form) + by + subject

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write ‘was/

were’ before object and put question mark (?) at the end of sentence.

Was / were + object + verb (3rd form) + by + subject + ?

Examples: 1. The laborer crushed the stones.

(P) The stones were crushed by the laborer.

2. Did they help the old woman?

(P) Was the old woman helped by them?

3. I did not make him a fool.

(P) He was not made a fool by me.

4. When did you get you first bicycle?

(P) Where was first bicycle got by you?

5. The sons broke the sticks easily.

(P) The sticks were broken by the sons easily.

6. I did not buy new clothes on eid.

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(P) New clothes were not bought by me on eid.

Future Indefinite Tense

Structure for active sentences:

Subject + helping verb (will / shall) + verb (1 st form) + object

Structure for passive sentences:

Object + helping verb ( will be / shall be) + verb (3rd form) + by +

subject

Note: (i) We use ‘will’ with 2nd person pronoun ( you) and third
person pronoun ( he, she, it, they ) and with noun.

ii) We use ‘shall’ with 1st person pronouns ( I, we) .

Negative sentences: To make negative sentences, we use ‘will not be’

and ‘shall not be’ before the verb.

Object + will not be/ shall not be + verb (3rd form) + by + subject.

Interrogative Sentences: To make interrogative sentences, write will or

shall before object and put question mark (?) at the end of sentence.

Will / Shall + object + be + verb (3rd form) +by + subject + ?

Examples:1. We shall visit the Lahore fort.

(P) The Lahore fort shall be visited by us.

2. Who will bell the cat?

(P) By whom the cat will be belled?

3. Will you pick the flowers?

(P) Will the flowers be picked by you?

4. He will not sing a song.

(P) A song will not be sung by him

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5. I shall not do it again.

(P) It will not be done by me again.

Phrasal Verbs
Phrase Sentences

1. Abide by We should abide by the school rules.

2. Admit to Fahad was admitted to the class 10th.
3. Admit into The teacher admitted him into the class.
4. Admit of Some words admit of two meanings.
5. Bear away He bore away the first prize.
6. Bear down He succeeded to bear down all his opponents.
7. Bear out He will bear out the truth of my statement.
8. Bear with I cannot bear with these insulting remarks.
9. Bear upon your speech does not bear upon my subjects.

10. Break up The meeting broke up at 7 P.m.

11. Break down My car broke down last night.

12. Break out Malaria broke out in Lahore.

13. Break in The trainer can break in any horse.

14. Break into A thief broke into his house.

15. Break with I will not break with him.

16. Bring up He was brought up by his grandparents.

17. Bring down The rain brought down the temperature.

18. Bring out The enquiry will bring out everything.

19. Bring in The house brings in Rs. 20,000 monthly.

20 Bring forth The company brought forth the new line of

clothes.

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 The Useful Coconut Palm
Ex: 1. (A) Meaning in context
Words Meanings
a) Looking after tending
b) Are useful to serve
c) Gives or supplies provides
d) Furnish or provide gives
e) Continuously constantly
f) A the present time currently
g) Necessary for living vital sap / really a tree
h) Calculated reckoned
i) Needs or requires demands
j) First or earliest original
k) Putting out leaves sprouting
2. Explain each expression.
Expression Meanings
a) spent his life ……….. led his life
b) the tree of life ……… beneficial for survival
c) live indefinitely on…….. depends continuously on it
d) industrialized nations …… advanced nations having
industry
e) normal trees ………….. common trees
f) growth ring………….. circular signs to show growth
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 g) even further afield………. far away from field

h) some friendly beach ………. favorable sea side for its growth
i) Volcanic action ……….. eruption of volcano

J) a mysterious affinity with …… a secret relationship with

B) Choose the best answer
Correct options:
1. ©……. It is almost impossible to count all the ways hat
coconuts serve us.
2. A ……Some of the uses of the coconut palm
3. C…. the differences
4. C…..They were cast there as a result of volcanic action.
C Answer the questions.
Q1. What part of the coconut palm can we use to build a house?
Ans. We use trunk and leaves of Coconut Palm to build the house
and their roofs.
Q2. How do you think the coconut palm, “heats a house with fire
and cools it with fans”?
Ans. We can provide heat and warmth in our house by burning
the wood of coconut tree. We can cool our houses with fans made
of the leaves of coconut tree.
Q3. What is the edible part of the coconut called? Name three
ways we can use it in cooking.

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Ans. The edible part of coconut is called nut or white fleshy
coconut meat. We can use it in cooking as coconut butter,
coconut oil, coconut milk and coconut flour.

Q4. How can we tell the age of coconut palm?

Ans. We can reckon the age of coconut palm by a spiraling row of
scars left due to fall of leaves. One leave falls during one month
and leaves a scar on it.
Q5. How does the writer say the coconut palm spread so widely?
How is the coconut able to float? Do you think this ability provides
an explanation for its “mysterious affinity with the sea”?
Ans. Man has planted coconut palms but they can spread
themselves too. Nuts fall from palms into the sea. The water
carries them to friendly beach where they germinate. It shows
their mysterious affinity with the sea.

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 Essay Quaid - e - Azam

Different nations have different heroes who worked selflessly for their people.
They earned everlasting fame and name on the account of their heroic deeds. One of
those heroes was Quaid- e- Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. He is our national hero and
father of the nation. The Pakistani nation love, respect and admire due to his character,
style and personality.

Quaid –e – Azam was born on 25th December, 1876 in Karachi. After getting
his early education from Karachi, he went England for higher studies. There, he did Bar
at Law and came back. Soon, he acquired fame as a leading lawyer of the Sub-
Continent. He also took part in politics and joined Indian National Congress. He
stressed on the Muslims and the Hindus to make collective efforts for freedom. When
he realized that Congress was working for the interest of the Hindus, he joined All India
Muslim League. He united the Muslims on one platform.

Under his leadership, the famous Lahore Resolution was presented on 23 rd

March, 1940 in Lahore. He demanded a separate homeland for the Muslims of India. At
last his efforts bore fruit and Pakistan came into being on 14 th August, 1947. He became
the first Governor General of Pakistan. We can overcome our current problems by
following his motto, “Faith, Unity and Discipline”. He died on 11 th September, 1947 and
is buried in Karachi. But he lives in our hearts. He was unique in character and
charming in personality. May Allah shower His blessings on him.

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 Life in a country
Exercise (A) Meaning in context
Expression Meanings
a) clung to the steep hillside situated at the slope of hillside
b) life was difficult for them life was hard for them
c) raised good sheep and cows grew up large number of sheep and
cows
d) his produce production of fruit and vegetables
e) two hours journey away distance to be covered in two hours
f) did not always get a very good price did not get suitable price for his
produce
g) wild tangle of forests and cliffs rough and uneven area of forest and
hills
h) here were no real roads roads in good condition were not
there
i) wild and untamed rough and uncultivated
j) a long day’s hard work laborious work of full day

2. Write synonym for each word.

Words synonym Words synonym

a) steep precipice . (f) quiet silent
b) rich wealthy (g) tired exhausted
c) raised grown (h) present gift
d) often frequently (i) simple easy
e) walk stroll (j) unhappy sad

B. Choose the best answer.

1. (B) ……. It was situated on a steep hillside

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2. © ………. He grew corn, fruit and vegetable.
3. (B) ……… He sold it in a small town two hours’ journey away from his farm.
4. (A) ……… They could find birds and small animals.
5. (A)………. All the men in the village were farmers.
C. Answer these questions.

Q1.Whom did Kim live with?

Ans. Kim lived with his sister, Julie and parents in a small farmhouse located on the
hillside of a beautiful valley.
Q2. How did Kim’s father earn a living?
Ans. Kim’s father earned his living by selling the produce of his farm like corn, fruit,
vegetable and milk in a nearby town.
Q3. Why did Kim’s father wish he could sell his produce in a big city?
Ans. Kim’s father wished to sell the produce of his farm in a big city to get better
price.
Q4. How long would a journey to one of the nearest big cities take? Why did it need
to take so long?
Ans. Three days were required to reach to the nearest big cities by the people of the
town. It took so long because there were was no railway and mountains roads were
very bad for travelling.
Q5.What did Kim’s mother do with the wild berries he and his sister brought home
from the walk?
Ans. Kim’s mother cooked the berries which he and his sister collected and brought
home during their walks in the hills.
Q6.Why was the village in the valley always quiet?
Ans. Nearly all the people in the village were farmers. During the day time, they
worked in their fields and slept early at night. Therefore, the village in the valley was
always quiet.
Q7.How did the farmers of the village transport their produce to market?
Ans. The farmers used the carts and lorries to transport their produce to market in
the town.

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 Antonyms

Page = 215 & 221 Of Text Book

Word Antonym
a) strange familiar
b) useful harmful
c) build destroy
d) live die
e) constantly unsteadily
f) find loose
g) proper improper
h) normal crazy
i) vital unimportant
j) rise fall
k) same different
l) ripe unripe
m) plenty scarcity
n) enough partly

Page = 221
Word Antonym

a) Wrong Right
b) Strong weak
c) Lower upper
d) Tight loose
e) Remember forget
f) Deadly lively
g) Brave coward
h) Simple difficult
i) Approach retreat
j) End start

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 Airports
Exercise (A) Meaning in context
words Meanings
a) Nowadays present days
b) Flight airplane trip
c) Arranged planned
d) Proof evidence
e) Hold cargo compartment of a plane
f) Overweight outweigh
g) Exit depart
h) Standstill motionless
i) Strictly severely
j) Communicate inform

2. Choose the best explanation.

a. (A) ……. It is crowded with people.

b. © ………. Just as regularly and normally.
c. (B) ……… is valid or acceptable for use.
d. (B) ……… distance is great
e. (A)………. to be in flight

B. Choose the best answer.

1. © …. …. It is a station for transport of passengers and cargo.
2. (A) ……. It is kept in its hold.
3. (B) …. ……He has to give up his boarding pass.
4. (B) ……… They are air-traffic controllers.

C. Answer these questions.

Q1.What modes of transport are mentioned in the first paragraph? Name any other
you think of?
Ans. Modes of transport mentioned in the first paragraph are plane, train and bus.
Other modes of transport are bicycle, motorbike, cars and carts etc.
Page 37 of 51
Q2. Where in a terminal does a passenger show his ticket? Why?
Ans. After arriving at the terminal, the passenger goes at the counter of airline which
has booked his ticket. There he shows his ticket as a proof that he has a seat in the
plane for flight.
Q3. What do you think will happen if a passenger’s luggage is found to be
overweight?
Ans. If a passenger’s luggage is found to be overweight, he will not be issued
boarding pass unless he pays charges for the overweight luggage.
Q4. Why do you think passengers are checked or firearms or other dangerous
weapons before they board a plane?
Ans. Passengers are not allowed to carry firearms or other dangerous weapons in a
plane for safety of plane as well as of the passengers and to avoid any untoward
incident like hijacking.
Q5.What is runway in modern airport made of? How many planes can use it at a
time?
Ans. A runway of a modern airport is made of concrete. Only one plane can land or
take off from a runway at a time.
Q6. How do air traffic controllers communicate with pilots? What may happen if a
controller makes a mistake?
Ans. The air traffic controllers communicate with the pilots of planes by radio for
safe landing and taking off of the aircrafts. A mistake made by a controller may lead
to a serious accident with physical or financial loss

Page 38 of 51
 Beethoven

Exercise A. 1. Meaning in context.

Column matched

Column A Column B

a) Concert Musical entertainment

b) Symphony long, complicated piece of music for all orchestra
c) Audience whole group of listeners
d) Wildly enthusiastically
e) Totally completely
f) Composers persons who write music
g) Praised spoke favorably of someone
h) Charm power to attract others
i) Worried anxious or troubled
j) Masterpieces best or most skillful works

2. Choose the best answer for each explanation.

Answers:

a) ©…… had to turn round and see them.

b) (A) …. It is difficult to bear
c) (B) …….. and was also unwilling to work
d) © …… It is surprising
e) (A) …… repeatedly

B. Choose the best answer.

1. © …. ….He saw them clapping.

2. (B)……. His father wanted him to be a musician.
3. (A)…… He wanted to learn from a great musician there.
4. (A)…… He had a life of problems and illness.

Page 39 of 51
 C. Answer the questions.

Q1. What reason does the writer give for saying that it is probably worse
for a composer to be a deaf than for any one else?

Ans. The writer says that a deaf composer is unable to hear the music he
has composed. Therefore, it is worse for a composer to be deaf than for
anyone else.

Q2. Which phrase in the fourth paragraph shows that Beethoven’s career
was determined for him?

Ans. In the fourth paragraph, the statement, “his father decided to make a
musician of him’ shows Beethoven’ career chosen for him.

Q3. What did Beethoven’s father insist that he do to become a musician?

Ans. Beethoven’s father insisted him to practise on violin and clavier for
many hours. In case of refusal, his father treated him harshly and cruelly.

Q4. Mozart was a great musician with whom Beethoven studied briefly?
Why do you think that writer includes the statement in the fifth paragraph
that Mozart praised Beethoven?

Ans. Beethoven went to Vienna to study and learn music with Haydn.
Mozart, the great musician, praised Beethoven for his musical concert and
symphonies he composed at the age of 17.

Q5. Why do you think that the wealthy Viennese forgave Beethoven his
temper?

Ans. The wealthy Viennese forgave Beethoven his temper due to his great
deal of charm. Furthermore, he entertained them with beautiful
symphonies.

Q6. Explain whether each statement is true or false.

a) Beethoven was the greatest composer who ever lived.

Ans. Yes, it is true that Beethoven was one of the greatest compose
who ever lived.
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b) He wrote most of the masterpieces after he became deaf.
Ans. Yes, it is false because he wrote some of the masterpieces after
he became deaf.
c) He did not have a happy childhood.
Ans. Yes, it is true that he did not have a happy childhood.
d) His father was ambitious for him.
Ans. Yes, it is true.
e) He went on concert when he was 11.
Ans. Yes, it is true.
f) He studied for a few years with Haydn in Vienna.
Ans. Yes , it is true.
g) He was ugly and bad-tempered but talented and charming.
Ans. Yes it is true.
h) In his later life he was troubled by money problems and illness.
Ans. Yes, it is true.
i) He composed a great variety of music.
Ans. Yes it is true.
j) His nine symphonies are his only masterpieces.
Ans. Yes, it is true.

Page 41 of 51
Application to chairman about unhygienic condition of your area

Examination Hall,
City, A. B. C.
To,
The Chairman,
The Municipal Committee
City, A. B. C.
Subject: Unhygienic condition
Sir,
With due respect, I want to draw your kind attention towards a burning
issue of unhygienic condition of my area. The heaps of dirt lying here and
there emit bad smell. The underground sewage pipes are broken and
filthy water emits from them. Most of the main holes are without covers.
The roads are broken and full of big cavities. The filthy waste material
remains standing in these cavities for many days. These dirty places have
become the breeding places of mosquitoes and other insects. Even, it has
become difficult for pedestrians to walk here. Different diseases have
broken out in my area. The drinking water has also become polluted due
to broken pipelines. Life has become miserable for dwellers. Therefore,
the situation demands that the concerned authorities look into the matter
instantly and take measures to improve the unhygienic condition. So the
people may get rid of this miserable situation and take a breath of relief.
Thanking you in anticipation!

Yours truly,
X. Y.Z.

Page 42 of 51
 Dialogue between teacher and student on not completing homework
Teacher: Good morning class. How are you all, my boys?
Class: Good morning sir, thank you. We are fine.
Teacher: Ok boys. Today, I shall check your note books. Ali, bring your
note book to me.
Ali: Yes sir.
Teacher: Ali, but it is incomplete.
Ali: Sir, I have other works to do at home, so I could not complete my note
book.
Teacher; It is very sad, Ali, that you are not paying attention on your
studies. You have become very irregular and unpunctual in doing your
home work.
Ali: But sir, I have a lot of home work of other subjects to do, therefore I
could not complete my note book.
Teacher: Every time you coin different lame excuses. Last week, I also
told you to complete it. If you keep on working carelessly, I am afraid that
you will not be able to pass the exam. I think that I should inform your
parents about your carelessness and negligence towards your studies.
Ali: No sir, please don’t inform my parents. Give me last chance. I promise
I shall complete my home work till tomorrow and get it checked tomorrow.
Teacher: Remember, you must develop regularity and punctuality to
succeed in life. If you will do your homework on daily basis, you will not
lag behind in your studies.
Ali: Thank you sir, for your advice. I shall be careful in future.
Teacher: I pray and wish you good luck. Take your seat.
Ali: Thank you, Sir.

Page 43 of 51
 Grammar Today
Noun (Ex. B, F, H )

Exercise B . Common nouns and proper nouns in sentences

Common noun Proper noun
1. girl Lubna
2. village, city Lahore
3. Pets, dog, cat Lubna
4. cat, mouse, house xxxx
5. dogs, bird, orchard Sheru
6. house, river Lubna , Sutlij
7. day, month boat, river, boy, monkey April
8. boat, fruits, bananas, apples, mangoes xxxx
9. boat, bank, river xxxx
10. boy, animals, tree, picnic Lubna

Exercise F
Common noun Collective noun

1. ships flotilla
2. wolves pack
3. islands Archipelago
4. mountains range
5. stars galaxy
6. grapes bunch
7. sailors crew
8. singers choir
9. chicks brood
10. sheep flock
11. soldiers troop
12. rooms suite
13. geese gaggle
14. puppies litter
15. weapons cache
16. robbers gang

Page 44 of 51
 Common noun Collective noun

17. fish shoal

18. professors faculty
19. locusts swarm
20. rioters mob

Exercise H Abstract nouns from verbs

Verb Abstract Noun

1. Deny denial
2. Excite excitement
3. Refuse refusal
4. Disappoint disappointment
5. Punish punishment
6. Confuse confusion
7. Judge judgment
8. Fail failure
9. Free freedom
10. Imagine imagination
11. Proud Pride
12. Good goodness
13. Bitter bitterness
14. Sad sadness
15. Sick sickness
16. Poor poverty
17. Beautiful beauty
18. Deep depth
19. Decent decency
20. Happy happiness

Page 45 of 51
 Article

Exercise A: Fill in blanks with article.

1. an, a, an
2. the , the
3. an, a
4. the, the, the
5. an, a, an, a, the
6. a, a
7. the, an, a
8. an, a, a
9. the, the
10. the, a
11. a, the
12. the, the
13. A, the, a
14. An, the an
15. A, the
16. The, the
17. an , the
18. an
19. the, an
20. The, a

Exercise C

Articles in blanks

Paragraph1: a , a , the

Paragraph2: an, a,

Paragraph3: the, an, a, a

Paragraph4: the, the, a, a, the, the

Paragraph5: the, the, an, the

Page 46 of 51
Paragraph6: the, The , the, the, a,

Paragraph7: The, the , The , a , the, a

Paragraph8: the, the, the, the, the, a, the

Adjective Page 36
Exercise A : Words for fill ups
1. hardworking 2. boring 3. thick

4 perfect 5. delicious , healthy 6 sincere

7. busy 8. nervous 9. old

10. Large/ next, chocolate

Exercise C : Words for fill ups page

1. light 2. sweet 3. old 4.quiet

5. gentle 6. cool 7. brown 8. hot

9. cunning 10. fit 11. proud 12.cold

13. stubborn 14. green 15. busy 16. smooth

17. fast 18.innocent 19.black 20. Clear

Exercise D : Words for fill ups

1. straight 2. good 3. hard 4. wise 5. silent

6. merry 7. free 8.thick 9. sharp 10. alike

11. fluffy 12. tough 13. fresh 14. blue 15. clear

Page 47 of 51
 Pronoun

Exercise: A Fill in blanks with personal or possessive pronouns.

1. mine 2. them 3. you, him 4. they, them 5.theirs

6. I 7. hers 8. he , it 9. you, he it 10.she, it , it, her

……………………………………………………………………………..

Exercise C

Fill in blanks with personal or possessive pronouns.

1. himself 2. herself 3. himself 4. ourselves 5. herself

6.themselves 7. himself 8. themselves 9. himself , himself

10. herself

Page 48 of 51
 Punctuation

(Capital letter, Full stop, Question mark, comma, Semi colon,

Hyphen)

How to use punctuation symbols

1. Capital letter : we use capital letter

i) To begin new sentence
ii) To write proper noun
2. Full stop: We use full stop to end affirmative and negative
sentences.
3. Question mark: We use question mark to end interrogative
sentences.(?)
4. Comma: (,) We use comma to separate different things or for
short pause.
5. Semi colon ( ; ) We use semi colon to represent longer pause
than comma. It is also used to put related statements into a
sentence without a conjunction.
6. Hyphen ( _ ) It is a small dash. It is used It is used for combination
of words used as attributive adjectives.

Note: Do exercises on punctuation from Grammar Today on

page no 93

Exercise:
Punctuate the following sentences.
1. england france and itlay formed an alliance
2. he lost land money reputation and friends
3. milton the great english poet was blind
4. God gave her peace her land reposed
5. have you written your exercise
6. they have caught the bus they had enough time
7. there’s no crying over spilt milk you can’t turn the clock back
8. our class has twenty one boys and ten girls
9. are you non vegetarian
Page 49 of 51
10. hospital has an up to date record
11. shakeel’s mother in law will come tomorrow
12. the little prince a simple book has a deep message

Punctuation Solved

Exercise:
Punctuate the following sentences.
1. england france and itlay formed an alliance
England, France and Itlay formed an alliance.
2. he lost land money reputation and friends

He lost land, money, reputation and friends.

3. milton the great english poet was blind

Milton, the great Enlish poet was blind.

4. God gave her peace her land reposed

God gave her peace ; her land reposed.

5. have you written your exercise

Have you written your exercise?

6. they have caught the bus they had enough time

They have caught the bus ; they had enough time.

7. there’s no crying over spilt milk you can’t turn the clock back

There’s no crying over spilt milk ; you can’t turn the clock
back.

8. our class has twenty one boys and ten girls

Our class has twenty - one boys and ten girls.

9. are you non vegetarian

Are you non – vegetarian?
Page 50 of 51
10. hospital has an up to date record
Hospital has an up - to- date record.

11. shakeel’s mother - in - law will come tomorrow

Shakeel’s mother in law will come tomorrow.

12. the little prince a simple book has a deep message

The Little Prince, a simple book, has a deep message.

Page 51 of 51