Virtual Lab Report # ____

Title of Simulation: Newton's Laws

of Motion
NAME: Arunima Rajeev DATE SUBMITTED: 2/12/2021
WAVE: 14A
SCORE:

This lab report is for you to reflect on what you completed and learned in this
simulation, and to practice your written scientific communication skills.

Sections

1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis

2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic
3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation
4. Explain any obtained results
5. Discuss the conclusions and implications

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 1. Describe the overall objective and make a hypothesis.
What is the overall purpose of the experiments or activities? Make a hypothesis if applicable.

Hint: The purpose is often stated in the welcome message of the simulation.

*To know about the 3 laws of motion

*To prepare a car for racing and investigating all the passive and active safety features that
enables the driver to go faster while guaranteeing the safety to an accident
*To understand the friction, inertia and frames of reference.

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 2. Introduce relevant background knowledge on this topic.
What have you learned in class or researched on your own that would help prepare for this
simulation?

Hint: You can review the “THEORY” section in the simulation or at https://theory.labster.com/
if you need help.

As the life of the drivers are in our hands, as they race they only employ excellent
engineers. Every part of the car meets strict safety regulations and it is our priority to
ensure excellent active and passive safety features are present in our vehicles. In this lab,
every part of the car goes to robotic testing programmes to ensure the tyres, seatbelts,
engines and rest of the car always helps to protect the life of the driver during racing.
Safety while driving is very important and inorder to understand it better, we should be
confident in the way the car moves. The first thing to do is to acquire more knowledge on
the motion of the cars. When a car has zero acceleration, it means that the car is moving
with constant velocity. When the car suddenly stops, the driver in the car feels that their
body moves forward. In reality, inertia is making the body continue moving while the car
stops. It is the searbealt that gives similar forces opposite to the actual force and this
ensures the body to stop. Inorder to explain the phenomena that occurs during driving
we utilize the laws of motion. After all, when the car is driven, it is in motion. Sir Issac
Newton observed an object either at rest or in motion to formulate his first law of motion.
In order to understand Newton’s second law of motion, observe the motion of boxes as a
result of external forces. From this mission, you will understand how friction between the
tires and the road impacts the acceleration of a race car.
In most interactions, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. This is
what Newton’s third law of motion describes. Check out examples of this law in
motorsports and identify the action and reaction forces while driving.

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 3. Summarize the steps taken in the simulation.
Explain each step you completed including the equipment and techniques you used.

Hint: You can use the “MISSION” tab in the LabPad as inspiration.

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First, pick up the safety goggles to wear them. Wear a helmet that protects the head from
accidents. Then, have a look around the lab. Then take a look at the video on the wall
screen to understand the importance of wearing a seatbelt while in a car.
Then pick up the box containing the seatbelts from may boxes. These are the passive
safety features of the car. Pick up the box but don't fall the other boxes. It is due to inertia.
inertia is described as the tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion,
unless a force acts upon the object to move It. The mass of the object is related to the
inertia, therefore not all objects experience the same inertia. In other words, the larger the
inertia, the smaller the acceleration produced by a given force. If we don't apply a force in
the horizontal direction to the rest of the boss, they will only have their weight ouling them
down, thus they will always stay in one with the rest of the stack. Then place all the boxes
in the stack and understand how other forces and friction work. Use the PC screen to your
left to control the bat. Add or remove friction from the bat,
push a box with two different forces, 10 and 2014, and push two different sizes of boxes
5 and 10 N. Click the red button to apply the force and observe the motion. Do it with
several forces without friction. Then activate the friction and apply the forces to observe
the motion. Then, coming to the third law of motion, check out the different examples of
that law on the screen. And atlast, check out the wall displayer to know the race car we
made is running correctly.

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 4. Describe any obtained results.
Explain any obtained results. Were these results expected or unexpected?

Hint: You can use the “MEDIA” tab in the Lab Pad to find relevant images from the simulation.
You can also take screenshots while you are playing the simulation.

Newton's First Law of Motion is often called the Principle of inertia. In Newton's First Law
of Motion, inertia is described as the tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in
motion, unless a force acts upon the object to move it. The mass of the object is routed to
the inertia, therefore not all objects experience the same inertia. In other words, the larger
the inertia, the smaller the acceleration produced by a ghen force We experience inertia
everyday when driving a car, or playing sports. If you don't apply a force in the horizontal
direction to the rest of the boxes, they will only have their weight pulling them down, thus
they will always stay in line with the rest of the stack. Pulling (or pushing the box slowly
would enable other forces to act upon the rest of the boxes for an extended period of
time. These forces are negligible when performing a sudden push and so we don't see an
effect. Friction between the boxes would be one such force. So, if you pull the box slowly,
friction will affect the state of motion of the other boxes and act as a force in acting upon
them in the horizontal direction. They will move in this direction.
When a box has no forces acting on it, then the Second Law of Motion describes a box
moving with zero acceleration. If a box has either constant or zero velocity, then the
acceleration is also zero. We can see from the graph on our PC screen, the box is moving
with a constant velocity and zero acceleration. Every second, the box has moved oqual
distance on the belt. On our PC screen, you can see grapins that describe the motion of
each box with all given foros. Boxes that cover more distance are the best as time passes
are accelerating.
Cars need to have different types of tires for various weather conditions in the hypothetical

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scenario that the road was slippery from ice, and the tires in your car were made for a dry
road, one could assume that there is similarly low friction between the
two cars and the road. Then the lesser mass car accelerates faster.
When friction is activated, the box is not moving as the net force in opposing its motion.
Friction is now applied in a direction opposite to the motion of the box in the nortzontal
direction we are pushing. force is applied to the box with higher magnitude and opposite
orientation, then no motion will be deleted. Optimizing the friction of the tyras given the
conditions of the road is part of the active safety features which reduce the chances of an
accident or collision in the first place. The only force affecting the movement of the box in
the horizontal direction is the pushing force. If the pushing force is the same for both
boxes then the box with less mass moves faster.
This demonstration was for you to associate the effect of a force, with the acceleration of
an object of a given mass Driving a car and winning races is all about using forces to datire
the motion. The friction of the tires; the engine, the weight of a car, these are all
parameters that you will be called on to optimize when working in a lub such as this in
order to ensure that the car has excellent passive safety features.
Second Law of Motion describes the Linear relationship of an object's acceleration for a
given net force. The acceleration is proportional to the net force, 2F, and is inversely
proportional to the mass, m. Optimizing the gap of the on the road and the braking system,
are two features that regulate the effect of forces on the horizontal acceleration of a
vehicle. Considering that Se asc Newton has nover coon a cor in its current form.
even though it was a tricky one! When the ret force on the car is zero jar is not
accelerating, the normal force N has the same magnitude as the weight of the car, in other
words: The road is pushing upwards with a force with a magnitude equal to the weight of
the car. There are two important features of Newton's Third Law of Motion. First of all, the
action and reaction forces exerted are always equal in magnitude but opposite in direction
Secondly, these are distinct forces that do not act on the same object; thus, they do not
cancel each other.

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 5. Discuss the conclusions and implications.
How do your results relate back to the original purpose and your hypothesis? Were there any
systematic sources of error that could have affected the results? What did you learn? What is
the importance of these findings and how can you apply them to other real world situations?

Newton's first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest and a body moving
in a straight line at a constant velocity remains moving in a straight line at a constant
velocity unless acted on by a net external force. The net external force is the vector sum of
all external forces.
We say that the forces acting on a body are balanced if the net force is zero. If the net
force acting on a body is zero that object is said to be in equilibrium. By Newton's first law,
an object in equilibrium is either at rest or moving with constant velocity; that is, it is not
accelerating.
Newton's First Law of Motion is often called the Principle of Inertia.
Inertia is the ability of an object to resist changes in its motion, in other words, to resist
acceleration.
Newton's First Law of Motion is often called the Principle of Inertia.
An everyday example of inertia and its effect on us is the effect of it during driving and
braking. When a car is in motion, so is the body of the driver. The brakes of the car act on
the tires, forcing the car to stop moving. At the same time, if no force is exerted on the
driver, then the driver will continue moving at the same speed as before, resulting in an
accident. The body is resisting changes in its motion according to the Principle of Inertia.
To describe the motion of an object, you must first be able to describe its position at any
particular time. More precisely, the position has to be specified relative to a convenient
frame of reference.
A frame of reference is an arbitrary set of axes from which the position and motion of an
object are described. For example, a plane flying could be described in terms of the
position of the airplane with respect to a big city, whereas a cyclist’s position could be
described in terms of where they are in relation to one tree.
Frames of reference where Newton's Laws of Motion are valid are called inertial frames.
They are frames where the Principle of Inertia is true. An inertial frame of reference has a
constant velocity.
Newton's second law of motion states that the acceleration of a system is directly
proportional to and in the same direction as the net external force acting on the system
and inversely proportional to its mass. This means that a net force will produce an
acceleration in its own direction and that the acceleration will be bigger the stronger the
force is. Likewise, the same force will produce a lesser acceleration on an object the
greater the mass of the object is.
In equation form, Newton’s Second Law is
a = ΣF /m ,
where a is the acceleration, ΣF is the vector sum of all forces acting on the body, the net

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force; and m is the mass. This is often written in the more familiar form ΣF = m a.
For problems in more than one dimension, the component form of Newton's Second Law of
Motion is used.
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes over time. Since velocity is a vector, it
may change in magnitude, in direction, or both; and thus acceleration must also be a
vector quantity. The vector of acceleration is in the same direction as the change in
velocity.
As expressed by Newton's Second Law of motion, the acceleration of a system is directly
proportional to and in the same direction as the net external force acting on the system
and is inversely proportional to its mass.
An example of acceleration produced by a force is the acceleration produced by Earth’s
gravity. Since gravity is directly proportional to the mass of the object it accelerates and
acceleration produced by a force on an object is inversely proportional to the mass of the
object, the dependencies on mass cancel out and the acceleration produced by Earth’s
gravity is the same for objects of any mass. Near the surface of Earth, this acceleration is
approximately 9.8 m/s^2 .
When a body is in motion, it often experiences resistance because the body interacts with
its surroundings. Consider the case of sliding down a sandy hill compared to an icy
mountain. The resistance you experience from the sand is a force of friction. You can read
more about the microscopic phenomena of forces responsible for this difference.
Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact. Friction is a common yet
complex force. The direction of the friction is always opposite that of motion, parallel to
the surface between objects, and perpendicular to the normal force. An object can
experience both static and kinetic friction.
NEWTON THIRD LAW OF MOTION
Whenever one body exerts a force on a second body, the first body experiences a force that
is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction to the force that it exerts.

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