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Experiment#5 Superposition and Thevenin's/nortons Theorem: Objectives

This lab report describes an experiment to verify superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem in resistive circuits. Components including 5 resistors with values between 1KΩ and 47KΩ were used. Measurements were taken with DC power supplies and a multimeter to construct tables verifying the theorems. The maximum power transfer theorem was also experimentally verified by varying a load resistor and measuring voltages. Conclusions determined the superposition principle and equivalent circuit theorems were validated within average errors of 3.53% for voltages.

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Sarem Alemu
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628 views6 pages

Experiment#5 Superposition and Thevenin's/nortons Theorem: Objectives

This lab report describes an experiment to verify superposition, Thevenin's theorem, and Norton's theorem in resistive circuits. Components including 5 resistors with values between 1KΩ and 47KΩ were used. Measurements were taken with DC power supplies and a multimeter to construct tables verifying the theorems. The maximum power transfer theorem was also experimentally verified by varying a load resistor and measuring voltages. Conclusions determined the superposition principle and equivalent circuit theorems were validated within average errors of 3.53% for voltages.

Uploaded by

Sarem Alemu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Experiment#5

Superposition and thevenin’s/nortons theorem


Objectives
1- To experimentally verify the superposition.
2- To experimentally verify the Thevenin and Norton Theorems.
3- To experimentally verify the Maximum Power Transfer Theorem for resistive circuits.

Introduction
To verify the above theorems we were given five resistors with nominal values R1=10KΩ,
R2=22KΩ, R3=1KΩ, R4=47KΩ and R5=33KΩ.

Used components
No Description Type Quantity
1 Resistor 10 KΩ 1
2 Resistor 22 KΩ 1
3 Resistor 1 KΩ 1
4 Resistor 47 KΩ 1
5 Resistor 33 KΩ 1
Used equipment
Description Quantity
DC power supply (HF 621, 6A, -3-V) 2
Triple Multimeter type 630 1
Conducting wire 5
Circuit board 1
Theory
• Superposition Theorem: The voltage and current responses in a network from two or
more sources acting simultaneously can be obtained as the sum of the responses from each
source acting alone with other sources deactivated. A deactivated current source is an open
circuit. A deactivated voltage source is a short circuit.

• Thevenin’s Theorem: A two–terminal network can be replaced by a voltage source with


the value equal the open circuit voltage across its terminals, in series with a resistor with the
value equal to the equivalent resistance of the network.

Norton’s Theorem
A two terminal network can be replaced by a current source with the value equal to the short–
circuit current at its terminal, in parallel with a resistor with the value equal to the equivalent
resistance of the network. The equivalent resistance of a two–terminal network is equal to the
open circuit voltage divided by the short circuit current.

Maximum Power Transfer Theorem:


In a resistive circuit, a resistive load receives maximum power when the load resistance is equal
to the Thevenin’s equivalent resistance of the circuit (i.e. RL = RTH). The maximum power can
be calculated using the expression:

V 2 oc
P=
RTH

Where => Voc is the open circuit voltage.

Procedure

1. 1.we checked the value of the resistors using the multimeter and recorded the value in
table 1 and
2. connect the circuit as shown in the figure below (figure 1) then the 10V and 5V DC
sources were
3. used to power the whole circuit
4. 2. VL was measured while the circuit was open
5. 3. Deactivated the 10V source and VL was measured
6. 4. Reactivated the 10V source and de activate the 5V source and VL is measured
7. 5. Finally the value was recorded in table 2
8. 6. removed RL from the original circuit and measured Voc
9. 7. replace the voltage sources with short circuit, with R1 removed from the circuit and
measured Rth using multimeter
10. 8. record the results in table 3

Maximum power transfer


9. reconnect the circuit but replaced the 22kΩ resistor between A and B by a variable resistor
(i.e R1 is the variable resistor in this case)
10. By varying RL from 2.5kΩto 10.5 kΩ in steps of 1kΩ
11. Record the result in table 4
Table 1

resistor R1 R2 R3 R4 R5

Nominal value 10kΩ 22 kΩ 1 kΩ 47 kΩ 33 kΩ

Ohmmeter reading 10.03 kΩ 22 kΩ 0.998 kΩ 46.9 kΩ 32.7 kΩ

superposition table 2

VL(v) VL’(v) VL”(v) I1 I2’ I3”

theory 6.0 1.2 6

experiment 5.97 1.13 6.11

% error 3% 5.8% 1.8%


Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuit tabl

Voc(V) Isc(mA) Rth(Ω)

Theory 7.3 30.4

Experiment 7.8 30.2

% error 6.84% 0.68%

Thevenin eq. circuit nortons equivalent circuit

Table 4
RL(kΩ) 2.5 3.5 4.5 5.5 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10.5
VLTheoretical 2.1 2.64 3.1 3.47 3.79 4.16 4.31 4.5 4.7
VLexpermental 2 2.4 3 3.3 3.6 4 4.1 4.3 4.5

Discussion and conclusion


The super position principle is valid and holds true as it has been proved by the experiment that
the effect of the two voltage sources on any of the resistors in the circuit when both are turned on
is the same as the effect we get when the sources are turned on individually, and their effect is
added for both scenarios. As it is shown from measured values versus calculated (table 2)
There is an average of 3.53% margin error for the voltage values, these errors come from some
calculation, approximation and measurement errors.
We should mention that when we did this experiment we faced some difficulties with our current
measuring device. So we weren’t able to compute the experimental current values.
DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING
Fundamentals of Electrical circuit’s laboratory report-5 Superposition and
thevenin’s/nortons theorem

Group members
1. Sarem Alemu ……………………... ETS1042/10
2. Zeyede Yesheber …………………. ETS1338/10
3. Natanim Yadesa ………………….. ETS0922/10
4. Yared Hailu ………………………. ETS1233/10

Submission date: January 27/2019 G.C Submitted to: Instructor lidya

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