ICS PROCEEDINGS

rd
The 3 International Congress on the
Science and Technology of Steelmaking

CONTENTS

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Conference Information

Author Index .......................................................................................................................................................................... 921

THERMODYNAMICS I
New Parameter for Quantitative Description of Some Thermophysical Properties of Liquid Metals
T. Iida , M. Isac, R. I. L. Guthrie ................................................................................................................................................ 3

Interaction between Ti and Si, and Ti and Al in Molten Steel at 1,873°K

K. Morita, M. Ohta, A. Yamada and M. Ito............................................................................................................................... 15

Distribution of Nitrogen between Molten Steel and Slags Containing Titanium Oxide
P. Fan and W. D. Cho ................................................................................................................................................................ 23

THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Interfacial Tension between Liquid Iron and Alumina Slag Crystals
J. Lee, T. Tanaka and M. Tanaka............................................................................................................................................... 37

Influence of Metal Composition on Slag-Iron Interfacial Tension

H. Sun ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 45

Accurate Prediction for the Viscosities of Pure Liquid Metals

T. Iida, R. I. L Guthrie and M. Isac .......................................................................................................................................... 57

ENVIRONMENTAL
Chlorination Kinetics of ZnO, PbO and ZnFe2O4 With Cl2
H. Matsuura and F. Tsukihashi .................................................................................................................................................. 69

Bio-Fuel Injection into the Blast Furnace  Concept and Preliminary Analysis
W. Hutny, A. Gagne, J. Price, R .I. L. Guthrie and J. A. Kozinski............................................................................................ 75

Environmental Issues Associated with the Addition of Selenium-Contaminated Manganese Additions

to Molten Steel
M. Reza Afshar, M. Reza Aboutalebi, M. Isac and R. I. L. Guthtrie......................................................................................... 81
 THERMODYNAMICS II
Development of New Dephosphorus Flux Using Two Liquid Slag Phases in the Secondary Refining
Process
T. Tamura and M. Hino ............................................................................................................................................................ 91

Deoxidation Equilibria of Molten Iron with Calcium and Aluminum Using an Oxygen Sensor
H. Ono-Nakazato, K. Taguchi, T. Usui, K. Marukawa, K. Katogi and H. Kosaka ................................................................. 105

Formulation on Si Deoxidation Equilibria of Stainless Steel with Quadratic Formalism and Redlich-
Kister-Type Polynomial
T. Miki and M. Hino ............................................................................................................................................................... 115

Thermodynamics of Dephosphorization of Molten Steel by MgO Saturated CaO-FetO-SiO2-Na2O,

Al2O3 Fluxes
G. Li, T. Hamano and F. Tsukihashi ....................................................................................................................................... 125

An Evaluation Method of Energy Parameter Values in the Cell Model for Slag Thermodynamic
Property
T. Matsumiya, K. Saito, K. Kanehashi and W. Yamada.......................................................................................................... 131

REFRACTORIES
New Technologies of Magnesia Carbon Bricks for BOFs
T. Hokii, H. Fuchimoto, E. Hatae, S. Yoshida and K. Asano.................................................................................................. 139

The Evaluation of Anti-clogging Materials for Submerged Entry Nozzle

N. Yamauchi, K. Yamaguchi and S. Takahashi....................................................................................................................... 149

Development of Joint Seal Discs for High Value Steel

T. Oouchi, S. Hara, M. Kimura, N. Douzono and K. Asano ................................................................................................... 161

The Basic Slidegate Plate for Casting of Ca-alloy Treated and High Oxygen Steel
T. Suruga, K. Akamine, J. Yoshitomi and K. Asano ............................................................................................................... 167

Refractory Technology for Improvement of Steel Quality and Productivity

K. Ogata, K. Morikawa, A. Mizobe, J. Amano and K. Asano................................................................................................. 175

QUALITY I
Inclusion Counter — An On-line Measurement System for Steelmaking
C. C. Liu and R. Conti ............................................................................................................................................................ 187

Development and Application of the E.S.Z. Method for the On-line Detection of Nonmetallic
Inclusions in Molten Steel Systems
N. Koga, S. Watanabe, T. Mishima, H. Nakajima and K. Katougi ......................................................................................... 199

Clean and Reliable Bearing Steel

K. Kawakami, S. Takada, I. Takasu and K. Nakashima .......................................................................................................... 209

Inclusion Control of Fe-16 % Cr Stainless Steel Melts by Aluminum Deoxidation and Calcium
Treatment
J. H. Park, D. S. Kim and S-B. Lee and Y. Y. Lee ................................................................................................................. 221
Oxygen Removal and Deoxidation Products of an Aluminum Killed and Calcium Treated Steel with
Low Sulphur Contents for Premium Quality
P. Valentin, C. Bruch and Y. Kyrylenko ................................................................................................................................. 233

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STEELMAKING I

Development of a New Steelmaking Process
T. Yamauchi ............................................................................................................................................................................ 249

Influence of Silicon on Decarburization Rate and Bloating of an Iron Droplet in Steelmaking and
Direct Iron Smelting Slags
H. Sun and G. Zhang ............................................................................................................................................................... 257

Whither BOF Steelmaking? — A Japanese Perspective

T. Emi ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 269

Feasibility of an Iron and Steelmaking Process Combining Blast Furnace with Converter —MUSE-K
Process
K. Mukai, S. Seetharaman, K. C. Mills and T. Matsushita ..................................................................................................... 277

Improved Decarburization Efficiency of the No. 2 RH at Kimitsu Works

K. Tanabe, K. Miyamoto, J. Kinoshita, K. Fujii and K. Harashima ........................................................................................ 285

QUALITY II
Recent Activities in Electromagnetic Processing of Materials Relating to Steelmaking
S. Asai...................................................................................................................................................................................... 299

CFD Calculation of Nonmetallic Inclusion Removal by Bubble Attachment in a Continuous Casting

Mold
Y.-J. Kwon, J. Zhang and H.-G. Lee ....................................................................................................................................... 309

Modeling of Inclusion Removal in Ladle Refining

J. Aoki, L. Zhang and B. G. Thomas ....................................................................................................................................... 319

Mathematical Modeling of ESZ Applied to Liquid Metals

R. I. L. Guthrie and M. Li........................................................................................................................................................ 333

New Method of Evaluating Non-metallic Inclusions and Development of Refining Technology

H. Nagayama, T. Nishikawa, I. Fujii and S. Kinoshita............................................................................................................ 343

Cu Enrichment Behavior at Steel/Scale Interface in Cu Containing Steel

S.-W. Kim and H.-G. Lee ....................................................................................................................................................... 347

PROCESS MODELING I
The Interaction of Liquid Iron with Oxides and its Effect on Solidification
P. Nolli and A.W. Cramb......................................................................................................................................................... 357

Process Modeling of Ladle Desulphurization by Injection of CaO/Mg and CaC2/Mg Mixtures in 300
Ton Ladles
H. J. Visser and R. Boom ........................................................................................................................................................ 369
Experimental Designs towards an Understanding of Process Phenomena in Iron and Steelmaking
R. E. Aune and S. Seetharaman ............................................................................................................................................... 381

THERMODYNAMICS III
The Effect of B2O3 on Dephosphorization of Molten Steel by CaO-based Slag
T. Hamano and F. Tsukihashi ................................................................................................................................................. 395

Thermodynamics of Inclusions Engineering in Steelmaking and Refining

Y.-B. Kang, C.-H. Chang, S.-C. Park, H.-S. Kim, I.-H. Jung and H.-G. Lee .......................................................................... 401

Thermodynamic Description of Liquid Steels and Metallurgical Slags by a Generalization of the

Central Atoms Model
J. Lehman, F. Bonnet and M. Bobadilla .................................................................................................................................. 411

ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE

Carbon Injection, Slag Foaming and the Active Reaction Surface Area in EAF Slags
F. Z. Ji, K. S. Coley and G. A. Irons........................................................................................................................................ 423

Recent Advances in Lance Technologies for Basic Oxygen Steelmaking

A. M. Cameron and A. P. Richardson ..................................................................................................................................... 431

Modeling of Scrap Melting in an Electric Arc Furnace

D. Guo and G. A. Irons............................................................................................................................................................ 441

SOLID STEEL PROCESSING

The Role of Thermal Gradients and Heat Fluxes in the Development of Steel Microstructure
M. Isac ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 451

Modeling of Metal Forming Processes for the Steel Industry

E. N. Dvorkin........................................................................................................................................................................... 463

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY STEELMAKING II

Steel Plant – A Chain of Unit Processes or an Integrate?
L. Holappa, M. Kekkonen and M. Tuomaala .......................................................................................................................... 475

Desulfurization by Powder Top Injection Process in RH Degasser

T. Ou, Z. Liu, L. Liu and J. Yang ............................................................................................................................................ 485

The Advanced Dehydrogenization Dynamic Control System of RH Degasser at Kashima Steel Works
K. Akahane, J. Kikuchi, Y. Higuchi, Y. Akahane and J.-I. Yoshiyama .................................................................................. 493

Elimination of Copper and Tin from Ferrous Alloys Under Reduced Pressure
K. Taguchi, H. Ono-Nakazato and T. Ussi .............................................................................................................................. 505
 TUNDISH MODELING
Flow in Tundish and Mold -- Steel Industry Quality Issues
Y. Sahai ................................................................................................................................................................................... 515

Fully Integrated Physical Model to Study Fluid Flow in Continuous Casting Tundishes and Molds
A. D. F. G. de Mendonca, B. L. da Silva Morato, C. E. P. Barral, R. P. Tavares, L. A. da Silva, T. O.
Resende and R. P. Tavares ...................................................................................................................................................... 523

Optimal Design of Impact Pads for Tundishes

H. B. Kim, M. Isac and R. I. L. Guthrie .................................................................................................................................. 531

A Novel Probe for the Continuous Measurement of the Temperature and the Level of Liquid Steel in
a Tundish
Z. Yuan and F. Mucciardi........................................................................................................................................................ 543

Research on Tundish Running for Steelmaking Workshop

Q. Liu, X. Huang, P. Fu and G. Yu ......................................................................................................................................... 555

PROCESS MODELING II
Computational Fluid Dynamics ― Advancements in Technology for Modeling Iron and Steelmaking
Processes
M. Cross, C. Bailey, T. N. Croft, D. M. McBride, K. Pericleous, and A. J. Williams ........................................................... 567

Designing a New Scrap Based Continuous Steelmaking Process Using CFD Simulation
L. Zhang, J. Aoki, B. G. Thomas, J. Peter and K. D. Peaslee.................................................................................................. 577

Detection of Liquid Steel Fluid Patterns in the Vicinity of the Nozzle of a Continuous Casting
Machine
B. Melissari and S. A. Argyropoulos....................................................................................................................................... 591

Modeling Shrouded Supersonic Jets in Steelmaking Reactor Vessels

A. R. Naji, M. Isac, M. Kamal and R. I. L. Guthrie................................................................................................................. 601

Separation of Particles by Bubbles from Turbulently Agitated Liquid

K. Matsumoto, A. Okayama, T. Nakaoka and S. Taniguchi.................................................................................................... 609

Experimental Studies of a Heat Pipe Based High Efficiency EAF Oxygen/Fuel Injector
Z. Yuan and F. Mucciardi........................................................................................................................................................ 615

QUALITY III
Reoxidation of Ni and Ni-Fe Alloys by Al2O3-SiO2 Refractory Materials
S. Lachmann, P. R. Scheller and J. Loh................................................................................................................................... 629

The Effect of Surface Oxygen Exchange on Deoxidation Rate in Deoxidation Process with Oxygen
Permeating Membrane
H.-W. Koo, H.-J. Park, G.-M. Choi and H.-G. Lee ................................................................................................................. 641

A Study on the Population and Chemical Characterization of Nonmetallic Inclusions in the

Tool Steel Making Process
D. Sichen, A. Sandberg and N. N. Tripathi ............................................................................................................................. 649
Electromagnetic Filtration of Steel Melts
M. Reza Afshar and M. Reza Aboutalebi, R. I. L. Guthrie and M. Isac .................................................................................. 661

Time and Space-dependent Particle Size Distribution for Inclusions in Molten Steel: A Numerical
Simulation Approach
J. Zhang, Y.-J. Kwon and H.-G. Lee ....................................................................................................................................... 671

CONTINUOUS CASTING I
Near Net Shape Casting

Steel Strips  The Long and Winding Road

R. I. L. Guthrie......................................................................................................................................................................... 691

Strip Casting of Low Melting Alloys in a Single-belt Caster: Heat Transfer Evaluation and Strip
Characterization
F. da Costa Fernandes, E. Magalhaes, V. F. da Cruz and R. P. Tavares.................................................................................. 703

Numerical Prediction and Experiments on Casting Fe-based Amorphous Strips on a Twin Roll
Caster and a Horizontal Single Belt Strip Caster
D. Li, M. Isac and R. I. L. Guthrie........................................................................................................................................... 713

The CASTRIP® Process — Direct Casting of Steel Sheet at Nucor Crawfordsville

P. Campbell, W. Blejde, R. Mahapatra, R. Wechsler and G. Gillen........................................................................................ 721

Quality Improvement of Slabs for Sheet in Kakogawa Works

Y. Yamamoto........................................................................................................................................................................... 731

Transport and Entrapment of Particles in Continuous Casting of Steel

Q. Yuan and B. G. Thomas...................................................................................................................................................... 745

MOLD FLUXES
Interfacial Phenomena between Fluxes for Continuous Casting and Liquid Steel
P. R. Scheller .......................................................................................................................................................................... 763

Measurement of the Compression Stress of Molten Mold Fluxes

Y. Sasaki, M. Hino, H. Urata, M. Iguchi and K. Ishii.............................................................................................................. 773

Rupture Strength of Solid Mold Flux Film

Y. Umezawa, T. Matsushita and S. Seetharaman .................................................................................................................... 781

Heat Transfer through Slag Film with Crystalline Layer

H. Nakata, T. Watanabe and K. Nagata .................................................................................................................................. 787

PROCESS MODELING III

Application of Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy to Steel Research
S. Sridhar ................................................................................................................................................................................. 797

Nickel Dissolution in Argon Stirred Steel

D. S. Webber, K. D. Peaslee and V. L. Richards..................................................................................................................... 811
Model Experiment on Slip Velocity of Inclusion Particle in Turbulently Agitated Liquid Steel
S.-I. Shimasaki and S. Taniguchi............................................................................................................................................. 821

A Model Study of Slag Eye Formation during Gas Purging at the Surface of a Metal Bath
K. Krishnakumar and G. A. Irons ............................................................................................................................................ 833

CONTINUOUS CASTING II
Modeling of Continuous Casting Defects Related to Mold Fluid Flow
B. G. Thomas........................................................................................................................................................................... 847

Evaluation of Sub Entry Nozzle Design for Bloom Casting Based on Mathematical Modeling
A. K. Ray, R. K. Singh, A. Paul, and S. Mazumdar ................................................................................................................ 863

Effect of Solute Contents on the Entrapment of Gas Bubbles and Nonmetallic Inclusions by the
Solidifying Shell in Continuous Casting of Steel
M. Zeze and K. Mukai ............................................................................................................................................................ 873

Practical Productivity Gains — Towards a Better Understanding of Air Mist Cooling Behavior in
Thin Slab Continuous Casting
A. H. Castillejos E., F. A. Acosta G., M. A. Herrera G., I. Hernández C., E. P. Gutiérrez M., and Rensselaer
at Hartford................................................................................................................................................................................ 881

The Effect of Mold Flux Properties on the Heat Transfer in Continuous Casting
R. Saraswat, D. M. Maijer, P. D. Lee and K. C. Mills............................................................................................................. 891

Development of High Quality and High Speed Casting Technology for Round Billet Caster
Y. Tsukaguchi, M. Kawamoto, K. Okamura and A. Hirata..................................................................................................... 903

Interaction Between the Flow Condition and the Meniscus Disturbance in the Continuous Slab
Caster Mold
B. Sahebkar Moghaddam, E. Steinmetz and P. R. Scheller..................................................................................................... 911