PENGUIN READERS

Answer keys LEVEL 4 Teacher Support Programme

Inventions that Changed the World

Book key 16 Possible answers: People could learn to use a
matchlock more quickly. Matchlocks could kill,
1–2  Open answers through metal, from a greater distance. Bullets were
3 a cannon  rifle more dangerous. Inexperienced enemy soldiers were
b floppy disk  processor frightened by the noise and smoke that matchlocks
c rocket  satellite produced.
d compass  radar 17 Open answers
4 a Leonardo da Vinci 18 a  high  b  low  c  outside  d  land vehicle
b Pythagoras e  separately  f  improved  g  built  h  ships
c Marco Polo i  inside  j  Germany
5 Open answers 19 a It was too slow.
6 a  F  b  F  c  T  d  F  e  F  f  T  g  T  h  F b Horses or water.
i  T c The steamboat (1783).
7 1  b  2  e  3  d  4  f  5  a  6  c  7  g  8  I  9  h d They were too heavy.
8 a 5 cm e Karl Benz.
b 8 f It could only fly for a short time.
c 440 20 Open answers
d 2 21 1  g  2  b  3  i  4  a  5  c  6  e  7  d  8  f  9  h
9 a writing numbers with two signs 22–23  Open answers
b the number 1.414213 … 24 a moving arms on buildings
c a way of proving things b horses
d writing numbers with letters c electric telegraph
e writing numbers with nine signs d telephone
f algebra e radio
10 160 meters f television
11 a faster 25 üüü üß ßß üüß ü üßüü
b Italy S a m u e l
c India ßß ßßß üßü üüü ü
d on a map M o r s e
e The curve of the earth means that they get further üü ßü üüüß ü ßü ß ü ßüü
from the ground the further they travel. i n v e n t e d
12 a  4  b  5  c  2  d  3  e  1 ß üüüü üü üüü üü ßü
13 Open answers t h i s i n
14 Open answers üßßßß ßßßüü üüüßß ßßüüü
(a  11th or 12th  b  14th century  c  19th century  1 8 3 7
d  16th century  e  19th century) 26 Open answers
15 a cannon (a False. It was planned by Charles Babbage in the
b gunpowder in Europe early 19th century.
c the Mary Rose b True
d the Victory c True
e the repeating handgun d True
f a machine gun with ten barrels e False. She sent it in 1976.
g a machine gun with one barrel f False. (He invented the World Wide Web.)

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 PENGUIN READERS
Answer keys LEVEL 4 Teacher Support Programme

Inventions that Changed the World

27 Apple II 6 22–26  Open answers
Colossus 1 27 The instructions are: Find information about smoke
ENAIC 3 signals and prepare a presentation. Smoke signals are
PDP-8 5 a form of visual communication developed by Native
UNIVAC 1 4 Americans. It consists of controlling puffs of smoke by
Z3 2 covering a fire with a blanket.
28 a had 25,000 parts. 28 Open answers; approximately in 1834
b counted the U.S. population. 29 Open answers
c was finished in Switzerland. 30 In 1943 IBM estimated that the world market for
d was right when people were wrong. computers was for about five, and today there are
e is still true. over 100 million (page 47); they also failed to see that
f was one of the first personal computers. business was in the development of systems rather
g was better than tapes. than machines (page 50). Considering that Microsoft
h made the Internet more popular. charges $10 for each machine sold with their system,
29 Open answers the 100 million computers in the market today have
30 a an animal given them a minimum of 1,000 million.
b a Bible 31–34  Open answers
c plants
d a wedding ring Activity worksheets key
e spears 1 a 6; blocks
f a streetcar b 2; cards
g a machine on a factory roof c 4; color
31–41  Open answers d 7; steam
e 1; words
Discussion activities key f 9; printing
1 The presses used for printing were similar to those g
used for making wine. h 8; metal
2 Open answers i 5; books
3 Open answers. Bill Gates is the creator of Windows 2 a 42 × 32 = 52
and the owner of Microsoft. b 1311; (525 + 786)
4 Open answers c x2 = 3x so x = 3
5 10.5 (11 – ½); their most important contribution was 3 a Plato
the spreading of mathematical knowledge in Europe. b Elements
6–7  Open answers c double step
8 (32 × 5) × (6 × 5) 160 × 30 d algebra
; ; 240 ;
        (4 × 5) 20 4 a  2  b  3  c  4  d  1  e  5
(XXXII × V) × (VI × V) 5 a Greek
; CCXL
    (IV × V) b Alexandria
9–16  Open answers c Ptolemy
17 Open answers; a connection may be made because the d Jupiter
development of engines enabled people to travel and K  N  O  T
made languages necessary for communication. A knot is used for measuring speed. It is equivalent to
18–20  Open answers 1.85 km.
21 Open answers. They became afraid of his powers and
sent him out of the country (page 22).

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 PENGUIN READERS
Answer keys LEVEL 4 Teacher Support Programme

Inventions that Changed the World

6 a the Mary Rose sank because she was carrying too 13 a  5  b  4  c  1  d  2  e  3
many guns. 14 a Catseyes and windshield wipers
b the Victory fought at Trafalgar with 104 guns. b Velcro and sewing machines
c Samuel Colt invented a simple type of handgun. c Post-it notes
d a force of Zulus killed over 1,300 British soldiers. d Catseyes, the Dual Cyclone vacuum cleaner and
e British soldiers killed 11,000 people at Omdurman. Bayliss’s radio
f the British Army killed 19,000 men in France. e Bayliss’s radio
7 It is difficult to say that Colt, Bacon, Gatling and f Lock-nuts
Maxim made a contribution to the history of
mankind. Progress test key
8 a Papin 1 a  good-quality  b  42-lined  c  fully-colored
b Newcomen d  water-powered  e  desk-top
c Watt 2 a  Al-Khwarizmi  b  Euclid  c  Samos  d  Alexandria
d Newcomen e  Uzbekistan
e Wilkinson 3 a  two bits of wood  b  shadow  c  China  d  India
9 a 1825 e  east
b 1941 4 a  rockets  b  gunpowder  c  cannon  d  barrel
c 1862 e  rifles
d 1 AD 5 a to entertain people
e 1885 b used for several decades
10 a zeppelin > balloon c French
b balloon > airplane d Britain
c airplane > station e jet airplanes
d station > zeppelin 6 a 17th
11 I   C   E b 16th
a Italian c 19th
b Cordoba d 18th
c Neil e 20th
In 1919, Brown had to climb over the wings of his 7 a  kilometers  b  impersonal  c  employment
airplane to remove the ice while crossing the Atlantic. d  unlike
12 Possible answers: 8 1 a transistor
Across b together
a Claude ………… killed himself because his c electronic
invention was not successful enough. d centimeter
b ………… carried letters across six states in ten 2 e floppy
days. f improvement
c The first cell phones looked very ………… .
d ‘Mr …………, come here, I want you’ were the
first words spoken by Bell on the telephone.
Down
b David ………… invented the first printing
telegraph.
e Philo Taylor ………… was the first person to send
good pictures by television.
f A ………… is a message usually sent over a long
distance.

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