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EN 671: Solar Energy Conversion and Technology

The document discusses various methods of exploiting solar energy, including solar thermal collectors for heating and solar photovoltaics (PV) for electricity generation. It describes different devices for thermal collection like flat-plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and concentrating collectors. These devices can provide temperatures ranging from 40-400°C. The document also discusses PV generators for standalone systems, grid-connected systems, and hybrid systems. Other topics covered include energy storage methods, solar power plant types, and examples of large solar power plants installed in India.

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173 views19 pages

EN 671: Solar Energy Conversion and Technology

The document discusses various methods of exploiting solar energy, including solar thermal collectors for heating and solar photovoltaics (PV) for electricity generation. It describes different devices for thermal collection like flat-plate collectors, evacuated tube collectors, and concentrating collectors. These devices can provide temperatures ranging from 40-400°C. The document also discusses PV generators for standalone systems, grid-connected systems, and hybrid systems. Other topics covered include energy storage methods, solar power plant types, and examples of large solar power plants installed in India.

Uploaded by

Faltu Ka jhamlq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EN 671: Solar Energy Conversion and Technology

Lecture -2: Overview of solar energy conversion devices and applications

Dr. Pankaj Kalita


Associate Professor
School of Energy Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati
1
Different modes of exploiting
solar energy Concentrators
Solar Thermal collectors for heating Solar PV for generation of electricity
Solar cells/
Photovoltaic
modules
Flat/tubular panels
Solar hot water Intense Heat
system

Turbine
Electricity

Moderate
Solar Photovoltaic Energy
Heat
• Thermal collectors for heating
Electricity
• PV for generation of electricity Solar Thermal Energy
(for thermal use low efficiency
Large power station 2
and much more expensive)
Methods of solar energy utilization

Solar Energy Utilization

Direct Methods Indirect Methods

Thermal Photovoltaic Water Wave Marine


Wind Biomass OTEC
Power Energy Currents

3
Devices for thermal collection
• Liquid flat-plate collector (40 – 100 oC)
• Evacuated tube collector (ETC) (40 – 130 oC)
• Solar Air heater (up to 90 oC)
• Cylindrical parabolic concentrating collector (up to 400 oC)
• Paraboloid concentrating collector (more than 400 oC)

4
Devices for thermal collection and storage

Liquid Flat Plate Collector (40-100 oC)

• Simple in design
• No moving parts
• Requires little maintenance

Facing south if located in the northern hemisphere 5


Devices for thermal collection and storage

Evacuated tube collector (ETC) (40 – 130 oC)

6
Devices for thermal collection and storage

Solar Air heater (up to 90 oC)

Air passages have to be made larger in


order to keep the pressure drop across the
collector within manageable limit.

7
Devices for thermal collection and storage
Cylindrical parabolic concentrating collector (up to 400 oC)

The concentrator has to be


rotated to focus the sun’s rays
onto the absorber tube- the
movement is called tracking. Synthetic oil is used for
generating superheated
high pressure steam.

8
Devices for thermal collection and storage

Paraboloid concentrating collector (more than 400 oC)

Cost and Reliability


• Parabolic Disc Concept
(Dish-Starling system)
• Central Receiver Concept
(Power Tower)

9
Thermal applications
 Water heating (natural circulated system and forces circulated system)
 Space heating (active and passive methods)
 Space cooling and refrigeration
 Power generation (low, medium and high temperature)
 Distillation
 Drying (cabinet, direct and indirect forces circulation dryer, tunnel
dryer etc.)
 Cooking (box-type cooker, scheffler cooker)
4000 kg of steam per day at
180 oC and 10 bar, capacity:
food for 15000 persons per day.

11
PV Generator

Produce Store Transform Provide

Two major families of PV generators:

● Stand-alone

● Grid-connected

12
Stand alone system

Direct feed solar pump Stand-alone PV system with storage by a


battery (with or without energy conversion)

13
Hybrid stand-alone system using PV and
diesel generator

14
Grid connected PV system

15
Storage of Energy
Thermal, Electrical, Mechanical or Chemical
• Thermal
• Sensible Heat Storage (operate over a range of temperatures)
• Latent Heat Storage (operates at which phase change takes place)
• Novel device: Solar Pond
• Electrical
• If the electrical power is being obtained after conversion, storage could be in the form
of electrical batteries (Lead-Acid batteries)
• Mechanical
• Compressed air system
• Flywheel
• Thermochemical Storage
• The solar energy to be stored is used to produce a certain endothermic chemical
reactions and the products of the reaction are stored.

16
Solar Power plant
• Low temperature power generation (Using FPC)
• Medium temperature (Using Cylindrical Parabolic Concentrating collector)
• High temperature (central receiver system)

17
Solar Power Plants in India Grid connected PV installed capacity in India

Off-grid Solar PV installations in India till March 2019


o Solar Lamps/Lanterns: 65,17,180 units
o Solar Pumps: 2,37,120 units
o Solar Street Lights: 6,71,832 units
o Solar Home Lighting Systems: 17,15,639 units
o Solar Power Plants/Packs: 212 MWp

Largest PV power plants in India

Pavagada Solar Park (Shakti


Sthala), Karnataka (2050 MW)
The installed capacity of commercial solar thermal power plants (non storage type)
in India is 227.5 MW with 50 MW in Andhra Pradesh and 177.5 MWKamuthi
in Rajasthan.
Solar Power Project,
Bhadla Solar Park, Tamil Nadu (648 MW)
Rajasthan (1515 MW)

Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park, Charanka


Charanka Solar
Solar Park,
Park,
Andhra Pradesh (1000 MW) Gujarat
Gujarat (615
(615 MW)
MW)
18
Summary
• We have learned the different routes of exploiting solar energy
• Methods of Energy utilization
• Devices for thermal collection and storage
• To understand the basic functioning of LFPC a numerical
example has been solved
• How does a PV generator work and its different routes of
utilization has been discussed.
• Introduced the concept of Solar power plant and installation of
different solar power plant are summarized.

19
Thank you
20

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