0

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 • n

CAMERIN
HYDRAULid DATA
A handy reference on the s dect of hydraulics,
and stea

Edited by

·.c. C. Bead.

· . Eighteenth E ition
Second
.
Prin Iing .

Price
$25.00 .

Ingersoll-Dress r Pumps
Liberty Corner, J 07938
l
 . ."·•' ·. :' . :. . .

PUJDp Manufaeturnig Plants.

. . ..

· Buenos Aires, Ai:gentina •. .•.•_. · . BC>inbay, India

Brunn, Austria · .. · . Desio, Italy .
.·Rio de Janeiro, Brazil .Coslada,. Spain ..
· l3r~ntford, c~ui~da · ·. ·. .··. .Chesapeake~ VA, t.S.A. ·.
·Bogota~ Colombia . :<Bastings,NE, U.S;A. . .
Gateshead, England · · ·• Hul}tington Park, C.\., U.S.A; ·_ . ·.
Newark, England ·· . Memphis, TN, U.S.A.···. . .
A:rnag~, France Phillipsburg; NJ, C.S.A. ·.
Orleans, France >Statesville. NC, U.S.A.
. .Harnburg, Germany .· .·Taneytow~, -l\1D, r.S.A .

·. ···. :. . .

. PumpTypes
.·.· . · • • General Service . • Vertical . . .
• ·. Siner!<•
e Sta<re
e Process· • Sub~ersible
• .SeaJless . · • .Rotary
• · Solids Handling . .• Reciprocating
• Slurry/Abtasive · · ·. • Marine/Navy
• Multi-stage . • . SpedalService

. :· ..... ·........... ': ... _. '. . "·.

·.·.Markets Se~ed.· .
• Power Generation ·. • Marine
• · Hydrocarbon ·. • Pulp and Pape~_
• Oil and Gas Production • Mining
. • . Chemical Processing • Primarv Meials .'

• \Vatcr Hesources • General Inclustrv ·

Copyright 1926~ 1930,19:1-1. 1939. 19;12, 1951, 1()58; 1961, 1965, 1970, 1977, 1979, 1981,
· 198-1., 1988, 1992, l 99-1, 1995, l 99~ bylngersoll-Dresser Pump Co.
• • !• :
·
• -. . . .

AH rights rese1•,·ed
PRl\TED J\ l".S.:\.

!DP Form 7.:;o.i:>

I 11
 CAMERON
HYDRAULIC DATA·

Preface to the Eighteenth Edit on (2nd Printing)

The Cameron Hydraulic Data Book is an In ersoll-Dresser Pumps .
publication and, as in the previous seventeen ditions, is published as an
aid ~o engineers invol~ed i,vith the selection arid. applicatio~ of pumping
equipment. . · · I . .· . . .·
The eighteenth edition includes a Pump Selbction Guide (Section 11) . .
which matches the comprehensive worldwid~. roduct line of . · ..
Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps with a sampling of ajor markets served. This
selection matrix helps the user determine w ·ch pump types are generally ·
applied to various fluid pumping applications., In addition, improvements
1
were made in the seamless wrought steel pip section (pages 7-8 through 7-
12) to address allowable working pressures u to 650° Fin accordance with·
ANSI/ASME Standards B36.10M and B31.1. Minor modifications,
corrections and clarifications initiated by use sand the editor were.made
throughout the book.
To facilitate locating the desired data, a de ailed index is provided in the
rear of this book (Section 10). It should be no ed that for convenient
reference this index is arranged in two (2) pa s; first a General Index with
items listed alphabetically, page 10-2 throng 10-10, and secondly, an Index
of Liquids arranged alphabetically, page 10-1 through page 10-14.

Frequent reference to this index is suggest d for quickly locating the

information desired.

111
 ·~·
~
~
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. ..
,., , _ ' . '.· ·.~· .. ~:
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· This pu?licati<in_is
· · . n1s·cLAIMER
design~d ~o provide a com_pilii.tion of t~chnical
·
· '~ <
~!::i:;~!~:~;~::~~~:~~~~;~~~;::;o:;~'!~r;na~--
gi.
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.P um..P.S is noth.~r71·n· en···ga. n~ 1.n the_·~.es1g:n of ro.ac}llnery or systems . . ..... ~...
1 .· . ·

no:r 1n the rendenng of techrucal services o:radvice. . : .• ·

•
'•
\.. .

Ingersoll-Dresser Pum'.ps makes .rio representatiops or warranties •·. · ·. .

. withresp~ct to the complefeness()r accl,lracyofthe data or illfo:rma-
·c
· . tion contained herein. Jn addition, Irigersoll..Dresser Pumps does not . ·
assume. any· liability_.for arty losses· or damages resulting froni th~·..·
· use or application of.data or information contained herein. .
••
· .. ~

•
•••••
·.···<
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I ~ .lngersoll•Dre:sser, Pumps : ·
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- • ' •

Car1eron Hydraulic Data

.
•
. . . ..
I

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.. f.

.,.\•·•.
•:;.:·
..
,.

,:
.
Contents

.Hydraulic principles ................................... ; .......................................... .

SECTION

II
•... Selected formulas and equivalents ........................................................ .
11
••
•··
..,.. l ..
,:,,·.·,
. .

.,,).·~',,,)
r ..
.).'
Friction ·data ..... ~ ..... ~ ........... ~ ........................ .......................................... .
Water
. Viscous liquids
·Paper stock
Fittings

.,;)·: . . . - . . . - .

Liquids-·miscellaneous data ............... ;................................................ .

.

•..
).'.. ·
·Density-··specific gravity-vapor press e

•,:~--~·
..
)
.... :··
:,'.'.
Viscosity etc. · .- .
--·steam. -d·at a---- ,. - - - -- ---- --- ·---
..................................................... .. . ·- - - .. -
,. ...........................................
.
.- · m-
':-
' '

'
~- . . I

.!. -
,1

e·:.;i: :. . E~e.ctrical data ...................... ~ ... ~................... .. .. ... ... .. .. ... ...... .. ..... .. ........... 1111"!1

. ··1;·.·
. · . ~;:
' J.
.
.

. •) Cast iron and steel pipe flanges and flang fittings .......... ~ .................. .

·~··
.•.1.
~
:)...
·.

·)

.,••
•• Miscellaneous data· .......................................,. .......................................... .
• I~ Arithmetical and geometrical formulas
ti

j
. Metric (SI) Conversions-General data ................................................ .
•)
.{:·
.J
• \ .

• l
-~if Index-Two Sections ............·.................................................................. .
Section No. 1-General Index (A to Z)
•'ei_·. · . Section No. 2-Index of Liquids (A to Z

•'···
; e11· Pump Selection Guide ............................................................................ .

.,•:I
, 9.1·
'
v
 .... ·:.
·. . ,;· . . . ·, . ~ . ·.:. : .•...
·.··- .·..

. .. . . ...
~ ·~· ... . .· . . ..... ' . .

. . [ .. .
. , ...... · ... ·. "::.:
·,.' . '
"· .·

.· ' : .. , ·" . ._: ..

...

• .. ··.
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..... ,' ,. . . . . ··.. ;

. . . . .' ........ .
. . . ·; ·: . .

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.. \ . . .. .

,·,·.. · :.·· .·

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=~ ..

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.,.;•:
. . .l

II
.,;•.
I \
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..
) SECTION 1 -
:·.i '•

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..
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- HYDRAULJ cs ""'-

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1-1
--.-1) ·lngersc»ll·Dresset Pulilps.·.··.. crulleronJiydraulic Data .•
CONTENTS OF SECTION l
Hydraulics · ·

. Net Positive. Suctio:q.J:Iead ·.· · . : .. •· '. . . .• . . .. ~ .. · ... ·: '. '. :......·. .. . ; . ·... ·. .l· 11 ••· · .·.· . .
NPSH-. SuctiqnHead~Lift;Examples:<:; < ..... ~ .. 1-1l~to1-16:
 · ~ydraulics

P:, Introduction
•:• The following outline is' offered for those who have a basic II
-\•• understanding and knowledge of hydraulic and fluid dynamic

•.
•:~
;··
principles, but who :vould IIB:e a co?ve~e~lt referen.ce ~o variou.s items
that must be taken mto consideration m e commercial selection and
application of pumping equipment. If. m re detailed information is
desired, or to·. investigate, the subject in greater depth, reference is
·:: ..
suggested to the many. Textbooks, Tee ical Papers, Engineering
Handbooks, Standards and Manuals that · re available, some of which
are listed in Bibliography at the conclusio,. of this section. (Page 1~53)
.......
'-)
,.,,._/
•••
."
T.i .. Liquids
•\ .... . ' . . . . . .

,) .. . Hydraulics is· concerned with the beha ior of liquids at rest and in
motion. A' liquid ·has a definite volume a contrasted to a· gas which
!\······
•
'~
.

: ( .
I

.
..will expand or contract depending on c, anges in temperature and
pressure .. ·
. .
Liquids are smd to be "practically" inc mpressible. This is true for
. most considerations at low pressures but at higher pressures and as
•...,..:i__,·-,..--_te_m~p~er_a_t_u_r_e~s_v_a_r..,_y,,_,_th_er_e_wi_·l_l_b_e_·_ch_a_ri""'"e--+-_in_d_e_n_s_it-"'.y_w_h_i_ch_m_u_s_t_b_e__
,,.!
' 1 taken into account. ......· .· . .· ... .
·

• .1,, · The pressure. existing at any point in liquid at rest is caused· by

')~. the atmospheric pressure· exerted on the surface, plus the weight of
• . · .. liquid above the point in question. Su ih pressure is equal in all
e1~
1
directions and acts perpendicularly to any surfaces in contact with the

./·~·
•) liquid~ · · ·

All liquid pressures can be visualized s being caused by a column

.i·;··:·
.!) .

et.,
of liquid which due to its weight would p duce a pressure equivalent
to the pressure at the point in question. 1 uch a column of liquid, real
or imaginary, is called the "pressure hea or the "static head" and is
usually expressed in feet of liquid.
1
,"

.
•••
. . . ' . ..

The flow of liquids ·may be caused b gravity or by mechanical

•• . means using one of the many types of p mps that may be available
. depending on the characteristics of the liq id and the nature of service

..:
•·:l
•.-.t ·~
~
conditions.

·~
.-
•A. 1..,3
 ··I ) •ngersOH~Dresser Pumps Cameron lfydraulic Data

\.'
Fig. No. l ·.. Discharge

.
·impeller
. . ..
.
..
. '; . ,

.: ·.: ...
,' ..... ..
:

. '.·" ·· Vblute< .ca:,i~g· ... ·

'·,'

. .Refer,-e:ncejs m~de to Figli.re l ~11ustr~ting diagramma#callya silD- .

·. ple centrifugal ·ptimp; here' it Will be observed that in its simplest '
.· . .· • form a centrifugal .:Purnp copsists of an)inpeller rotating within a· .·. . ·.··
casi:ng. Liquici 9-ir.e~tep )nt() ·the cent¢r. Qf t}1e' rotating impeller hF ·
.. · pickeduphy.the.impeller'va,nes andaccelerated.to a high.velocity by.·
. ·.·• the.rotation otthe impeller and dis¢hargedby·centrifugal force 1nto
.the casing and out the dischB,rge. When theliquid in. the impeller is
·.·. . forced (:\way from the ce:rlter of •·th~ .imp~ller .a re<luc.~d .· pressure · is . .
·.·.·.produc.ed··and·-·ccu1s~quently.·rnore·1iquid··_ffows:forward~·Therefore··a· · ·
.· •· . steady flo~ throughJlie impeller is produced.unless something hap- '' '
pensto break the <yacuum at the inlet or disrupt the flow to the . ·
·. center of the impeller or uI1less the flow atthe discharge is restricted
· by a pfessiire greater than the pressure head developed by t~e rotat.: .
· ing impeller. ·: · . · · · ·· · · . -. · · · ·' .· ·· ·

.. · ·. Reciprcicatiiig Positiv~ Displacement· Pumps, on the other hand,. •

do not generate head.Instead, these pumps convertrotating motion.-.. ·
and. torque into linear il1otioJ1 and force,· generatiI1g variable flow at
· the· discharge .connection.· Head is. generated by the system's <resis- .
.·. tance to flow.. Hence~this pump wi11 draw upon available power anci . •·.
. energy until it overct>rnes all flow resistances downstream. If exces~
.si ve fl()w restrictions exist, the. pump can he over pressurized and the. '
. driver may stall or the weakest Hnk in the system can fail. Therefore, ·
it is imperative that asafety relief valve is· installed as clos~ to the
pump as pm:;sible. ··
. . . . ..

Liquid
. . .
flow .

. During passage through a pipe the flow of. a liquid is said to be

. laminar (viscous) or turbulent depending onthe liquid velocity, pipe
· size and liquid viscosity. For any given liquid and pipe size these·

1-4
 Hydraulics
factors can be expressed in terms of ad rnensionless number called
the ~ynolds number R where:

II
V - Average velocity-ft/sec
D = Average inte.rnal diameter-ft
v - Kinematic viscosity of the fluid-£ 2/sec (For pure fresh water
at ·so°F v == 0.000 01216 ft 2/sec)

For values. of R less than approximately 2000 the flow is laminar .

(viscous); ~.e., particles of the liquid follow separate non-intersecting ·
. paths With little or no eddying or turbule~ce. .
' . . .
· . When R is above 4000 turbulent flow is considered to exist. ·

. · . Values of R between 2000 and 4000 are in the critical zone. where
· the flow is generally considered .to be tilirbulent for the purpose of
Jriction loss or pressure drop calculatidns; this gives safe results
because the friction loss is higher for turTuulent flow than for laminar
· (viscous) flow.
·..
,·
·

. Viscosity ·.
In flowing liquids the existence of internal friction or the internal
resistance to relative motion. of the flui~ .particles with respect to
each other must be considered; this resistjance is called viscosity.

. The viscOsities of moSt liquids vary ~preciably with changes in

temperature whereas the influence of pre~sure change is usually neg-
ligible. The viscosities .of certain liquids can change depending on the
extent to which the liquid may be agitate

A liquid is said to be a "Newtonian" o ''true" fluid if its viscosity

is unaffected by the kind and magnitu. e of motion or agitation to
which it may be .subjected as long as th temperature remains con-
stant; an example of a "Newtonian" liquid. would be water or mineral
oil.
~ .

A liquid is said to be· ''thixotropic" i its viscosity decreases as

agitation is increased at constant temp rature; exa1nples of "thixo-
tropic" liquids would be.asphalts, cellulos compounds, glues, greases,
molasses, paints and soaps. _ .
1-5
 ....... ·,

A liquid is said to be "d.ilatant" if the viscosity increases as

·.• · agitation is increased at constant temperature: examples of "dilatant"
·. liquids are clay slurries and candy compounds. ·

_·Pumping·

. To move a liquid against gravity cir to force, it into a pr~ssure

vessel; or to. p;rovi¢le ·enough head,· or pfessur~ head~· t9 overcome pipe .
.· friction and other resistance, work must be expended~ . Th~· type· of
pump. to he.·· consid~red for any application is normally a .financial
·.decision.. T.echn.ically, centrifugal and reciprocating pilnips call 'both
perform··. nearlY .any ·serVice ftinc.tioll.>' ButJarge ·Jlow 'applications
require su¢h a'large reciprocating-pump that it is cost prohibitive ...
Normally such applications are better handled bY ce~trifugal pumps.
As a gener~1lrtile, reciprocating pumps a.re best suited for low flows . . ·.
·· and high pressures. ·.· · · ·· · · · · ·
·.... :>.:· ... ·.·. :· . .
. ' , .. ,, _·,:

··. Nomatter yvhattypeofpump is nor what service is required used,·

. ;of a pump, all.
fo,rms of ehergy':imparted to the liquid both on the
. . ·suctlon and discharge sides ; in >performing this service must be
accounted fc:):rin establishing. the duty to be performed.··.··.

·In ceritrifogal pump ·appiications in ord~r th~t ~l thes~ fonµs of

energy .may. be algebraically added it is. customary to. ~xpress· them all ·
in te:rms ()fhea(i expressed in feet. of liquid. In . reciprocating;·rotafy,. or
'positive displacement· types of pumps it is customary to ~express the
heads in terms of pressure (psi) .. · .· · · · · ·

·•• Thevari~us items that must. be taken into account in establishihg

. the tot8.r he11P. {base on feet . of liquid) including design capacity
(volume)
. ·.
""
are··. discussed
.
. .
below. ..·
:. ' " '
· ·

·Volume
. ·. , ' . . . ·.. : . . " ' '. . .

In this discussion the standard. unit of volume will he th~- U.S.·

gallon. The rate of flow shall be. e}{pressed in gallons per minute
(gpm) .... • ·.·..... .. ·. . ··.·.· .. . . . . .. . . .· .. . ·.·....
. The specific weight of water at a temperature of 65° F shall he
taken as 62.34 lbs per cubic foot. For other -temperatures proper
specific weight corrections. should be made· in calculating the• rate of ·
flow partlcularlyifthe required delivery is given in pounds.per hour;
for example:. · · ... b·." · ·· h.. .
· ·· 1 per our
gpm= . ·. . . . .
· · *500 X specific gravity ·
1-6
---------------;-----~·-----·-·---~-

·. Hy~~aulics

· System head calculations

The total head (H) - formerly called "total dynamic head" - for ·
a specific system is equai tb the total di charge head (hd) minus the
1
total suction head (h8 ) or plus the total s ·ction lift. · ·

It is recommended that total head cal ulations for the suction side
be listed separately from those for the. ·scharge side to help avoid
the possibility of overlooking a troubleso e suction condition ..

In this discussion the terms suctiOn mead and suction lift (or the
1
·equivalent of a lift) are discussed sepa ately to help visualize the
suction condition that may exist.

Suction head· -

· Suction head ~s) exists when the liq4id supply level is above' the
pump centerline or impeller eye. The to al suction head is· equal to
the static height or static submergence · feet that the liquid supply·
level is above . the pump centerline 1 ss all suction line losses
including entrance loss plus any pre sure (a vacuum as in a
condenser hotwell being a negative pres ure) existing at the ·suction
. supply source. Caution - even when the liquid supply level is above
the pump cerite~line the .equivalent of ~.lift• will .~xi.st if the· total ·
suction .. line . losse. s (and v.ac.uum .effec.t),f ex.ceed the positive static
suction head: This condition can ca se · problems particularly
.·handling volatile or viscous liquids. · · · ·· · · . · . ·
1

. · On an existing installation · total ·s ction head would be the

reading of a gage at the suction flange co verted to feet of liquid and
corrected to the pump centerline elevati n plus the velocity head in
feet" of liquid at point .of gag~ attachinen . · ·

Suction lift

Suction lift (h8 ) exists when the liq ·d supply level or suction
source is below the pump centerline or 1 ·peller eye. Total suction lift
* Note: One gallon. of water weighs 8.333 p01m s at 65°F: therefore 60 X 8'.333
equals 500. I . .
. For practical applications the ** specific gravit~ of water is co?s~dered to be equal
to 1.00 at normal temperatures (60°F to 70°F); for ~ome purposes it is taken as 1.00 at
39.2°F (4° C) which is its point of maximum densi · for most applications which base
is selected makes little difference. See pages 2-3 d 4-3.
** Basis specific gravity ·or 1.00, one psi eq als 2.31 ft of water at normal
temperatures.
1-7
 ...,)
... ·· .i• .

I ' lngers~ll·Drtt.sser ~Put!IP.~ ··c;ap..er?!l. -~. yd~~ulic D·ata·- · ..........

. :
.· -·•
~;
is equal. to the static 1ift ·in feet phis ·all-"friction losses in the suction - ,~1
· line includingentranceloss. ·. · . · · .· · ·.;_.:

When the Jfq\lid sµpply level or sl1ction ·source is• above· the pump · ...
. .· cent.erline or. impeller eye and . under a vam1um, as Jn a condense~ .· ·. .
c,.•:
.~:•
·. _;

•~:
. .. ' ,·,.. ,

· hotwell, the equivalent of a suction:lift willexist which will be equal.

to the vacuul'.l1
' . . . effe.ct in feet. less the net submergence.
' ,· ' - ' .
. .. ,,

.·.On an existhlginstalla'tion the toral suction .lift i8 the re~ding of a .

· .· ·. ·. mercury coluinn or ,vacuum g~g~· at the s,uc~ion fl~ge converted to · c, ,··
••
· · ·fe~t :of liquid and >corrected to the pump centerline ~levation minus . ·
· >·the velocity head in feef ofliquid at p9int 9f gage attach!Ilent. •· .· · · ...
· . • • .1
·.···•
ti)
.· .· .·. 'l'oial tii~cltargehead (hd)---is the sµm of: (l) S~~ticdiSCharge head. .·.. .··· ' j•.ia,
· · (2) All plping and friction losses on discharge ·side- including straight. . ' ............. )
. runs of pipe, losses at allvalves, fittings, strainers, control valves, : , ._,.,
·. ·. ··etc~ (3) Pressure:ind.isch~rge chall1ber (ifa closedyessel).(4) Losses··· . · :: • :
··at sudden·:enl3.rgenients.Jasin a·corideri$er:vvaterbox).,(5JExit'1oss · · · . ' -~.·:· ... ·.
at liql,iid dischargeJusually;assumed to be equal· to one velocity head ,..

cates
at discharge veloCityJ(6 )"Plus any lossfactors that experience ind( · ·.
may be desirabie. . .. . . . . . ..
· .. . • )
. .. ; c'
. . · · On an existipg fust!illatiOri tot~l discharge head Would be th~ read- .·. [ ' . ,
.• ·.· ing of a pressure gage at the disch.atg~ fl~ge converted to feet of ·. . . •. l . . .
. .. liquid a,nd correctedt<> the pump'cente:rlin~ plus the velocity head (in .· .... · ·:. ·~.
feet of liq\lidl atth.e poirit of gage attachment. · · ·. · · ·.·. · . )
·.·:f\ •
fi ·
. · . . Velocity head (hv)~in a ,pUinping system is an energy component · ·
·• ·that represents the ki1letic. or "velocity"· energy in a m9ving liquid .
. at the point beillg considered iri the system~ It is equivalent to: the . . . ·. i - )
· ·.· ·.vertical distance the mass {)f liquid w()uld have to: fall (in a perfect
. ·~' .. · . . . "
·;~.
·. fi2···. \
.. - '

. t ·. ·: ·:
.. .. .~:
·. vacuum) to acquire the velocityV a.Ild is expressed as: ..

. . - V 2 ·~ ·.•.. · . . . ? ~ 0~00259(gpm) 2 - 0.00127(bph) 2 .··. .fJi: · 2····., 4v

.. h,,. - . 2g. - .0.0155V~

·. . . • . .···. -. ... ·... .··.·. 4. . . .
d. . .· .. -

. . •
d ·.
. . .
. ..··. 4 . .
;i
::·· I

•. . . . )
. T•tp,
where; . . . ..
h.,, = velocity head in feet of liquid r C:
. i··
· ·. V =velocity of liquid~ft/sec
d -:- inside diameter of pipe in inches· ·
h9.'
·• g .. ··gravitational constant-· 32.174 ft/sec 2 · ; c:
gpm .·. gallons (U.S.) per minute ·
~ i.
· bph · barrels (42 gallons-"- U.S ..)per hour

.i'
 Hydraulics
The velocity head energy component i used in system head calcu-
lations as a basis for establishing entr nee losses, losses in valves.
and fittings, losses at other sudden enla gements and exit losses by ·
applying the appropriate resistance coe .ficient K to the V2/2g term
11
(see page 3-110 ). ·

In system head calculations for high h ad pumps the velocity head

will be but a small percentage of the tot head and is not significant.
However, in low head pumps it can be a substantial percentage and
must be considered.

· When total heads on an existing insta ation are being determined

from gage readings tl~en the velocity he d values as calculated must
. be included; i.e. the total suction. lift wil be the reading of a vacuum
gage orinercury column·at the suction flange, corrected to the pump .
. _centerlin,e eleva,tion minus the velocity ~ead at point of gage attach-
. men~. The total ~uction head and total! dis.charge head will be :he
readmgs of gages at the flanges corre~ted to the pump centerlme
elevatiori plus the velocity .heads at the p J,ints of.gage atta~ments. · .

T?tal system head (H ~ formerly total a_ynarmc head-. is t~e. total

1
discharge head (hd) minus the total suction head (h 5 ) if positive or
= =
plus if a suction lift: H hd- hs (head) \or H hd + hs (lift). (Note:
For typical suction head calculation, s e examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
under NPSH pages 1-13to1-15. For total head calculation see example
. on pages 3-9 and 3-10.· ·

Pump head-· Pressure-Specific gravity

·In a centrifugal pump the head develo ed (in feet) is dependent on
the velocity of the liquid as it enters the impeller eye and as it leaves
the. impeller periphery and. therefore is independent of the specific
gravity of the liquid. The pressure he~d .develop~d (in psi) will be
directly proportional to the· specific gra ty.

Head and Pressure are interchangea le terms provided that they

are expressed in their correct units. In.E glish Units to convert from
one to the other us~:

. 'dH eaa·in feet

L iqu1 = -=----t·--
psixi2.31
. . spgr
or
. 'dH.ea·a· in,
L 1~u1 . f.ee t == psi .w44

, _Q
 ··. ( •..
. I ) .l~genOll-Dresse~ Pumps . · Cameron Hf!fraulic Qiita - · .· · ; :

- - -- -·, Pressure in psi Headin ~~;~ x Sp gr - - - -~-

m -•
Pressure in psi __H~e--·a_d_·i_n~f_ee_t_x_·w_·.·. · · .. ·.....•.
.. ·. .. . . . . 144. ·. . . . . . . . fL•,:
Where .W-= *Specific weight .in· pounds per· cubic .foot of liquid .:
. ··.···'being pu:mped underpumping conditions; ForWater W . · 62.:32 ·
Jbper cuftat68degrees
..
F{20°C).
. ..
· ·.
· · ·
Acolmnn.···· :~fwate.r.2.31 fthigb.wiUex~rta pres.sure of one(l).psi .. ·
. .....
·,
.. -:.

1
. . ..
})ased ()ii w~teratapproxi;rn~tely 65°.F.
.

. . · Fi~u~es~2 and 3 are.included to .h~lp ·vi~ualizethe head-pressure ·

*· .. • .
· ........,
· . t::)
......
-.·.··.·1
.~

·relationshi:P~.ofcentrif\lgal pumps when handling liquids of yarying..·. · "·· '-;

C;
'.

specific gtav:ities. .: ·. •. . . . . · .· · ·. ·.... ·. . . · : • ·..· _' ·. · ·..... ·. • ·. .· .. · · .

Fig. >2 •illlistrate$ three·. jdelltical ·. pµnips, each• .pump di~signed .·to
· de\T~lop 1iK5£t. ofh.e~d; when pumping water with a specific'grayjty'
of 1;OJat 6~ °F) the pressure he~d will be 50 psi (l l 5. 5, ft diviqed .hy · .· . .· .....• tit·/
2.31); "7heii pUIIlping liquids· of other gtavities, the heCJ.d (in feet) Win · ·
·..·•.·. ·. be the same,. but the pressure head (psi) .will be. proportional to the . · . . ···1·· .•

-·r.,.•.
. · specificgraVities as shown;t<l~void.errors, it. is advisable to.·' check . . • .
.
.
·,. . .. ~

... one's calcu1ations by using the a~ove forID:ulas. ·. . . . .

----,.·.· ·. v-·· . ····.·.~·

' .. .

··f ......
'--==--'
.
I ... .
... <.
. '.' . . ·. . . '. . ' .. . ..

H=ll5~5ft.·.·
.
'··.<·.·.·.··:·.·1···.
.

.
. .
.
. .i:.
. I

l .
.·..· .· JflY
'.··c· ,,.
.. , I
•
•. . l
;.: ~,

) .. c· ~.,

sp gr= L2. ·
.
sp gr= Lo .·
. .

sp' gr= .70 ...

.·' ,-.i ..
'

::-'•...
Fig. 2. Pressure--head relationship of identical pumps handling liquids of differ-
in,g specific gravities. · ·· ·

. *For other water temperatures see tables on .pages

. . 4-4 and 4-5. ~
f .
r .
r
'f
r.I..·
I.

i .
1-10 _.Jft. i
 ·~·)..............................----....----~-,•/•61..-11.-.·.·,-.·*~'·Q~·.~·1~p-~-~·cillllilii. ~•ca-----------------·
~.'. ___,_---,--_H_y_d~r-~u-h-.c-s
•·. . /l'?tC[_;>(· /~.
~·

~.l ~·
.
.j.....,
) .

•\
H::l65ft II
•.... I
I

~-l
H =96 ft
••8: ~ I
11·:. r
!

t r--------1
50psi 50psi

E~
:;~\\~.
•·.:i~\ ·~ . sp gr =1.2 sp gr~ 1.0 ·
I .
I
sp gr= .7.0 .
• ~
I) ' Fig. 3 Pressure-head relationship of p~mps de ivering sa'me pressur~ handling
1 .liquids of differing specific gravity. . ·

:') 1·S'.l \ .
•/. .~
Figure 3 illustrate.s th~ee
pumps, eafh designed. to . develo.p
~ '· sa:ne p~essu.re head.. (In ~s1);. conse.quent~~ the h~ad (in feet of hqu1d)
~he
-:) . will be inversely proport10nal to the spedf1c gravity as shown .. · .

J.,
•..i
··!
:'. · •

. . .1
'i
)
.
Net Positive Suction Head
' '
In these illustrations friction losses,
'
have been disregarded.

· . The Net Positive Suction Head (NPS ) is the total suction head in
.

feet of the liquid being pumped (absolu e at the pump centerline or

.).;
•'1' 1
im.peller eye) less the absolut.e vapor· p11[e. ssure (in feet) of the liquid

.
.~,
;
being pumped.
. ,. , ,'. .
.
.
. ··
' . .. .

· It must always have a positive value nd can be calculated by the

following equations: To help in visualizi g the conditions that exist,
'
·
' ' .

••• (
two (2) expressions will be used; the fi st expression is basis a suc-
••~i
•
tion lift-liquid.supply level is below the pump centerline or impeller
eye; the second expression is basis a pos tive suction, (flooded), where
··:
.:.,· 1
·the liquid supply level is above the pum centerline or impeller eye.
·For Suction Lift:
••
...•r'" For Positive (Flooded) Suction:
•
•...•• 1-11
 . .· " . . ' . ~· ':.
' \.

:_r·~·

· ·where: -
.... ··1 '

' '

. ha . absolute pressure (infeet of theliquid being pumped) on the

surface of the liquid supply level .(this will be barometric ·
.pressure if suction is from, an open tank or. sump; or the
· absolute pressure existing in a closed tank such as a con-
denser hotwell or deareator).
hvpa . The head·in feet corresponding to th.e vapor pressure of the
' liquid at the temperature being pumped.. :' ' '
hst:=.Static.height. in.foefthatth~liquid$upply1evel is above or· · ·
< . below the_pumpcenterline orinipelle_r eye. · .•. · .•...· ·• · · . ·.·.· .· .
·hrs= All suction line losses. (in feet) including entrance losses and · ·
' ·. f~ictibn
..
lossesthr()ughpipe,
.' . . .·
valvesandfittings,
-' . . . . .
etc ....•. ' •. -..·
. ',• •' '

·TWo value·s ()f net·· positive· suctioh head ~ust be .considered;· i.e.
···.·•Net Positive.Suction Head Required .(NPSHR) and Net Positive
SuctionHe.·~d Available CN"J?SHA) ... · .

·. ·.· The NPSHR is determined by thep~mp ri-ianufacturer and will.

depend on many factors .including: type:.of Impeller inlet, impeller·
desig11, pump flow, rotational speed, .n~ture of liquid, etc. NPSHR is
usually plotted on the. C.b..al:'acteristic pump pedormance curye sup-
plied by the pump m~nuf~cturer. ·The :Net· Positive Suction .Head
· · Available·(:NPSHA.)deperi.dsonthe system layout and must always
····.be equal to or greater .tli~n the NPSHR~ ·~::::;J-,:~: · . .
. . . . . ' . . . . ' -,
' , .~ '

.--·------,__. --- .. --~--

The vapor pressure ofthe liquid atthe pumping teII1perature mu&t

al~ays be knovvn to calculate the NPSHA .. On an existing.installa-
. tion the.·NPSH ,avaiJable.would be the reading.of a. gage .at· the ...
' suction flange converted to feet of liquid absolute and corrected to
. the pump centerline elevation less the vapor pressure of the liqui4 in
feet absolute plus the velocity head in feet of liquid at point of gage
attachment.
. ' . . . ' . .. . .. .

The following examples show the importance and influence of. va- . ·
·· •p6r pressure. -In all cases, f~r simplicity, the same c~pacity will be
used; also 'the following suction line losses will be assumed' in all
cases:
' .

. .· Friction loss through suction pipe and fittings 2.5lft

. *Entrance loss (assume equal to one half velocity head) 0.41
Total losses 2.92 ft
• /\'otc•: For morl' exact entram·t> lnssl'S. refor to pag<'s :\-1 rn thru :i-1 rn.

1-12
 ---+--------.·Hydraulics

I
68°F
~ \__ Water
Fig. 4. (Example No 1)
'•,
' ,_.
•: I
• / , • I i , • -{
i.:.... •,

Example.No 1(Fig4)
__ . . ~ ~w--··--- ._

?_!>~~ .sJ'~tem·j source below. p,ump; 68j~. water at sea level. A:tm~­
splienc pressures 14.696 ps1a,; 33.96 ft abs. Vapor pressure of hqu1d
0.339 psia = 0. 783 ft abs.
, .. ;•• ·' '
,b:: .:li ·
t.l
.·',., ?,.J;i·'I ·(:'~'· ....... '.~/,11'7•
!T

NPSHA = .33.96}- 0. 783 ·~ 10~00 ..;...· 2.9 == 20.26 ft

· Suction Lift= 10.00 ·+ 2.92 ~ 12.92 ft-· this is to be added to dis-
charge head to obtain total head.

Note: No p~mp can. actually lift. wate~ on the s:iction side. In 'this
c~se,.water is forced in by an excess of tmosphenc pressure over the
vapor pressure
' .
l~ss 12.92 ft net static lif :'
. ~ '

Example No 2 (Fig 5)
Open ~ystem, source: above pump; 68°F water.at sea level. .

NPSHA == 33.96 - o'.783 ff·',10.00 - 2.91. == 40.26 ft.

Atmospheric
Pressure
' • "t t t t t
68°F =-
Water l '0 ft.

Fig. 5 (Example 2)

1-13
 . , : .. . .

·I rl lnger~~ll·Dresser-P".llfP~-. . -. · Cameron Hy.dr.a~lic Data

' . -· , ' - . ' . . ..

· Suction Head-10.00 ~ :2.92-= 7.08ft_:this rs· to be subtracted from:.

discharge head to obtain total head .. ·.· .
' '

Atmospheric·
· Pre.ssure.
' •• t t tt
212 °F
Water·.··
~r
10 ft.
. '• . . -.
' ~.
..,,., .. '

. .I .
. ' ' .,

· Fig. 6 (Example 3)
. .
<L
' '

·.~~ample No. 3ffig. 6) :,

·. Qpe11 system, so\lrce ab~ve pump; 212;°F.·waterat sea level; vapor.
pressure same as atmospheric sinceliqllid.at boiling point. At 212qF,.
· the vapor pressure of water-· in ·feet bf ·2l2°F water...:_is ;35.38 ft.
· ·. (14.696x 144 + 59.81 = 35.38) .. :.. · . · · .
"., . . .· .. . . ' ' '

· • .···NPSHA = pS.38-.35.38 +·.10;00 ~2.. 92. 7.08 ft .. In this case,··at~

mosr>her-ie -pr.essure- Eloes-n~t ~Eld NP SHA since it is~ requirea-tb :t0
keep the water in liquid phase. · · · ·
Suction Head 10.00 - 2.92 · 7.08 ft-·• this is to be ~\lbtracted from
· •discharge head to obtain total head·: .· · . .. . .

•. Note: 'In' this example it was assumed that' pipe .friction losses for
212°F.water were the sameas for.68°Fwaterwhereas actually they
.. would be .somewhat less; as will ..also... be the. case in Example. 4. ' ..

l.34. 63 psi a

350°F
Water.
. !Oft
.~
I · . .. .

Fig. 7 (Example 4)
. 1-14
.. -~~
;-.-------

•..
tt::~~I · Hydraulics
-~~-----·

-~i·
-\

~) Example No 4 (Fig 7) .

:-: .·!
Clo~ed . system :.(under pressure as a f ed water deareator) source
above pump. -· · . ·
I
350°F water V.P. = 134.60 psia = 348. 7 ft abs (at 350°F sp gr =
0.8904 ).

NPSHA = 348.67 - 348.67 + 10.00 - 2 92 == 7.08 ft.

Suction ~ead-.(Figure basis gage pressls; i.e., 119.91 psig = 310.61
ft)== 310.61 + 10.00 .:.__ 2.92 == 317.69 ft-This is to be subtracted
from the discharge head to obtain total kystem head. It is important
to note that while the suction head isf 317.69 ft (122.67 .psig) .the
NPSHA is still only 7.08 ft .. ·

Example No 5 (Fig 8 )-_ Closed system ( nder vacuum as a condenser

hotwell) liquid source above pump. A solute pressure (ha) == 1.50"
Hg X 1.1349 . 1'.70 ft. Water at satura ion point 91.72°F; therefore

..
•··,:
'~i
f:' );
"
._1

\'
;.!- -
I
•
vapor pressure (hvpa) = 1.50" Hg X 1.1349 = 1. 70 ft.

NPSHA = 1.70 - 1.70 + 10.00 - 2.92 t 7.08 ft.

- - ~ -.Suction -Condition =-ln-this-example_tlJ'.e_suction_condition_(heacL or_

:r ., I
t!
lift) for the pump can best b.e visualiz d by the calculations listed
below where it can be seen that we ha e a suction lift equal to the
911. vacuum effect at the suction.source less he ·net static submergence.

t;:;,! ~·I
CONDENSER.
, ...
ti
.Jr1·

:1:
11

.
Abs = 1.50 Hg
II

--·--·--- 1
·,:
!, I
Vacuum = 28.42 Hg· .
}:-!
,,,
xi. . --=---.. ·-==-- --.-_-=--..::::- -
.. --

.
\\,
-·----
l Condensate . _ ·
: ',. -
91.72° F

:
;.• '--~~-r---r-~---'10
1

-.:.,
I

1
.• i

.
l

·~--i.f-~1'
• ,I
~-

•
•
ll
\t.I
Fig. 8 (Example 5)
• "'I
'. c.
tI
·-~1, I
·•Ji 1-15
 "'·::
• ~· t ; ••• '
'
'
'
.:. ••
· . .,,.
''
..•
.·Cameron Hydr~l1lic Data ·
.. . ',"''' '';• ~-·: ... •' --;-· .. ~···· .. ··~····- .. ~ . ~·-«·~~-.-·~····~·-·"•""•.

' ' '

28.42". Hg v afrt.ium~~·2s.42 x 1.1349

·.Static submergence .... 10.00 ft '
·Friction and entrance loss····. - 2~95 ft'
· Net static submergence ..· ' - ',. 7.08ft .· ', :- 7.08 ft ' '
Equivalent suction lift = vacuum
·. effect less net submergence 25.17 ft

In this e.xarnple it is noted that the NP~HA is e.qua[ to the static .·

·· . suctionhead l~ss the fric.tion ap:(f entrance losses. Also the equivalent ·
'suction lift must·be added to the total discha:rge head to obtain t.he
totalsystem [iead. · · · ·· ··
... '· ..... ..
-·

. · ·In the. foregoing e)Camples . sta~dard sea level atmosph~riccoridi~

tions were assumed;' for other ~16cations where altitude is aJactor '
proper·corrections IJlUstbe.made. Thes~·e;aill.ples (3t 4. and·5).i111ls~·. · ·. ·.
' 'trate 'that if the' liquid is in equilibriuID:' (vapor pressure correspol\ds '
· to sat~ration temperature) theri the NPSH is equal to the differep¢e ·
,'in' elevation between the liquid supplylevel and 'th.e pump centerline
·elevation (or impeller eye) less the·.sumofthe·entrance loss arid the .
friction losses in the su'ction line. . ' ·, ... ' ' , ' ' ' ' ' ' '
' ' '
' '
' ' '
0 H • • '

NPSH reductioris-hydrocarbo11 liquids and hot water.·.

·.·. Th~ NPSH requirements o.f. cent~ifugal pumps are norll1ally clet~r~
mined on the' b~~is of h~ndling ~ater at or n~ar normal f001ll temper-
'· atures~· :However,.fieldexperience andlaboratorytests have confirmed·..
that pumps handling c~rtain gas free hydrocarbon fluids and water·.
·at elevated temperatures will. operate .satisfattorily With harmless·
cavitation and l~ss NPSH. available than would be requiredfor 'cold ·
wate:r. ·
' - . .. . .

The figure on page. 1-52. show~ NPSH.·rediictions•• that rnay be.

considered for hot water and certain gas free pure hydrocarbon liquids. ' .
· ·. The use and application of this chart is subject to certain limita- .
· tions some oLwhich are.summarized below: · .· . .. . .
1. The NPSH .reductions shown are based on laboratory test data
' at steady' state suction ,conditions and on the ·.·gas free pure
· hydrocarbon liquids shown; its application to other liquids must··
be considered experimental and is not recommended.. ..
2. No NPSH reduction should exceed 50% of the NPSH required
for cold water or ten feet whicheveris'smaller.

1-16
 ..

·Hydrauli <;!S

. 3. In the absence of·test data demo trating NPSH reductions

greater than ten feet the chart has een limited to that extent
and extrapolation beyond that point is not recommended~
4. Vapor pressure for the liquid sho ld be determined by the
bubble point method- do not uset e Reid vapor pressure.
11
5. Do not use the chart for liquids haying entrained air or other
non-condensible gases which may. e released as the absolute
pressure· is lowered at the entranc to the impeller, in which
case additional NPSH may be equired. for satisfactory
·operation. .
6. In the use of the chart for high temp rature liquids, particularly
· with . water,· due. consideration must be given to the
.susceptibility of. the suction ·syste. to transient. changes in
. temp~rature and: ·absolt;ite ', pres. s~~e which might reqll:ire
additional NPSH to· provide a margin of. safety, far exceeding
. the reduction otherwise permitted£ r steadystate operation ..

.Subject to the ·above limitations; whi ,h should be reviewed with

the Manufacturer; the procedure .inu.s·. g ·the. chart is• as follows:
f
Assume a pump which requires 16 feet PSH on cold water at the
design capacity is. to handle pure propane at 55 Deg F which has a
vapor pressure or approximately ioo I psia; the. chart shows a
reduction of 9 .5 fe. et which is gr.eate..r t;a.n. one h. al.f t.he cold water
NPSHR. The corrected value of the NPS •R is one half the cold water
NPSHR or 8 feet. Assume this same pum ·has another application to
handle .propane at 14 Deg F where its Vfipor pressure is 50 psia. In
this case the chart shows a reduction of ES feet which is less than one
half of the cold water NPSH .. The co ected value of NPSH is,
therefore, 16 feet less 6 feet or 10 feet. Note: in reading the chart,
follow the sloping lines from left to right

For a more detailed dis~ussion on t e use of this chart and its

limitations reference is suggested t the Hydraulic Institute
Standards.

NPSH -- Reciprocating pumps

The foregoing discussion on NPSH an accompanying calculations
was primarily for the benefit .of cent fugal pump selections and
applications. ·

NPSH available for a reciprocating p mp application is calculated

in the same manner as for a centrifuga pump, except in the NPSH
required for a reciprocating pump som.e dditional allowance must be
made for the reciprocating_ action of t e pump; this additional re-
1-17
 . . . .. .
·. . . . . . . . .. "··
··:.· .. ·.·

~I 11~~1ngersoll·Dresser- Pumps•.· ... Ca~~ro~ HydrauliC.Dat_a ...·

' ' . . .' ' . ' .... .. . -~~.' '"": . ,•' .

·.·· .. -- . ..

quirementis' termed "acceleration.head.';·This. is the head required to··

·.. ··.· accelerate the liquid colUinn on each suction stroke so that there will be ......
.· ..•. no separationof,this column
. ' .
...
. ..
in thepump orsuctionline..
. .
. . . ' '
I·•.~.
- ~

·. If this ininirnum condition is not met the pump will experlence a . . . [tie,.
fluid lmock caused when the liquid column, which has a vapor space : .,,......
! . I
between it and ..the plunger' . 'overtakes th.e rececling phm.ger ~ TbiS i ~ \•
. "knock occurs approximate}y two-thirds ofthe way through the suction. . . . ' •
· stroke. If sUfficiept acceleration is p:rpvidedJor the liquid to conipletely · ·. . i -.e.
. . follow the motion of the·. receding. face. of the . plllilget, thi.s lmock ~.-c.·.: :.i: ... ..." .

· · will clisa.ppear. · ·. .· · ·.·. •·.· .

··· reqf~r!~e:t~icir ;~~(~~tp~~~~i ;!;:!:C~~~U:ti:~;~~es~f~~ ·.• .•· ~'.

· . in loss ofvohunetric.effic~ency ..·•Also, s~riot1s damage can occur· to the . ·. . 41i
.· plungers; ·pistons, valves · apff. packing due to .the forc~s . . released. in . ~:
.. collapsing the gas or vapor bubbles ... · . .. . . •. ·. . .:

.Aric~lel"ation head _:_recipro~itinlt J>umJ>s ·· ·• · · . ·· .· ·~·

For i~de~th informatipn on NPSH Eina Acceleration Head; see the . . ·..· . ~ lll/Jf1
it
sectio!i entitled "Puisa.tioil AlJ.alySIB arid System Pip~.·
.· '} .l.·c
11
.· . . . .··. '
:. . · ..
' . :. ·· .....

. ·. ' : '" ..•·c·.;

.. J.. ·. .

·.~
t!
:.
~
:_
l .....
I
~
~

l ··i···
>.
i ..

f1:··.:
r
·r.;;: . .. . .;
~ ~
l

h i
t
~
' ..
·'

.\ ff.·
1

·ii"
}l . .
C'
~I ,.,
~I
) .•..
~I
t~ .'I.'
Fig. 9

. ir I.··.··!·.
i. .•
· 1-18 ~t
.....
.}.•':.·
,

.
Hy~raulics
-.
··~.). Entrance losses

Special mention is made of entrance oss considerations because

failure to ·appreciate and.provide.for this problem is one_ of the major
II
causes of faulty pump · performance, particularly when handling
liquids that are in equilibrium such as light hydrocarbons from a ·
vacuum tower or ·condensate from a con enser hotwell. .
.
. . .. . .
. . .

.• . ·· Reference to Figure 9 illustrates tha when tiling suction from

the bottom of ·a··.tow.er, or a . sid.e. outle~tfrom a. conde.nser hotwell,
sufficient static height (h) must be p ovided to .account for the
':~:) entrance loss and velocity head at po· t "N' plus any additional
submergence that may be required to pr~vent vortices from entering

') ·
..•.

..
· the suction line. The submergence requir~d to control vortices may be
reduced by using suitable baffles- or othe anti-swirl devices. ·

: ··.(_.··.·.·
':
'i.
..
· Specific _.speed · . .
; . . . . . . . .. .

In the intelligent consideration of ce trifugal pumps it is helpful

.

:.)
.
)
to h~ve an understanding of specific spe d to determine if the pump
I .
· . design being proposed. is within· cert · · .established limits for the
l .·
.service conditions under which it.will opbrate. . .

i . In "specific speed" ~rmiiiology,

thle are two considerations:
'impeller (or discharge)· specific speed d suction specific speed.
: !
t
)'
..
.
. Impeller specific speed will _be discussed first ..

'~
:\-) Impeller specific speed (N8 ) ·

This is an index of hydraulic design; 't·is defined as the speed at

:f
which· an impeller, geometrically s milar to "the · one under
: j
~.
.
consideration, would run if it were reduc d in size to deliver one ~m
at one foot head.

.) ~t_· ..
Mathematically it is expressed as:
· N = rpm -../ gpm

:;.
er

. ~. .
'(
where:
. s 3/4

•1
•1•1 rpm - Pump speed.
gpm - Design capacity at best effi iency point.
H = Total head per stage in fee at best efficiency point .
••1 1-19
 .:.·. .> . . ·:·.
.. ......
. :· . ·.. :. ·., ..··• ::. ··~" ... - __ :... . ..
:•:
'

...
•·.·.·

_.i .....

;.i....>A
. ·· Impeller.specific speedis an index as to the.tYJ>e o(impeller when the -..:•
. t..•-,,,
factors in the above formula correspond to it~ performance at optimum
. (or best) effici~ncy point. It is a useful tool forthe Hydraulic Designer in
_··the•.designip.gofimpellers·to meet va.rying·conditions of head; capacity
·cand shape ·_of·curve), suction conditionsand . . speed: Impellers'.for . high
·. a: ~::,
heads and·_ low riet positive suction head required usually have '1ow
specific speeds,. "\Vhereas ·impellers for·· low he.a.ds and •-·high· NPSHR
· usually have high specific spee~s. Depending qn the type of impeller,
specific. speetis car1 ;range between 400 and 20,000 for >commercial
· desigris. Accordingtp.sp~cificspe~dvalues,ir!lpe1lers-·and pumps can be
!""'."-

;fi~1
1 ·•
.
.
.-('.•,

classified
.

> · · ..·
.. . .
. .·
roughly as follows:
. ..
·.
. . .
'... ·
' .. . .·
.... ·
. . .

Below 400Q~Centrifl1.gal or.R~dial type; .. ·.· . ·.·.· .

·.
' ...
·...:..
. .
····1
.· J.,.e,
Between4000 arid 9000-MixedFlow;
Ab,oye 9000-AxialFlo\V. ·. · ·.· ·. • _:. ·
. ,. ....

The charts filld.illustratlons included herewith-.·. ·pages.1-47 and .

.

...
·.•..
..
······'
•~
"):
-~1a.'.1
. 1-48 -·.. show t)'pical impeller types for various specific< speed ranges; .
also•·;the_-.variations in h~ad.·-·.·.·capacity performance chara(!teristics for ...
.,'i:
·.···"~
various specific speed are ilhistrated;.. ·. . . . . . .
·.··1,l
..
,·
·.

Specific speed.is also~ very valuable crit~rion i~ determining the

permissible safe mrudmum suction lift orthe minimum net positive
.• t_·_,.l"i
-~
.~ l -·'
.

suction head-required for various. conditions. ofcapacity, head.and speed .

• •• ;· h •

The Hydi-aulic Institute · ha.s ~stablished •su~gested specific speed .

. limitations "\Vith respect to .suction conditions for . various .types of
pumps. These suggested limitations are expressed graphically on charts .
• • - • ' • •• ' • • • •••• '.' ••

·f1~.
.···l-a...
... f)1··
.'·

· r f.1
...
,_{\ .· . .

.·
~
~
.. II

:l
. \!-

(pages 1-49to1~52)reproduced herein with permission ofthe Hydraulic· ¥.

rt- ... .
I

.
Institute ...·For a ··-more·. detailed·•·disc1lssion ·•-of ·these ·charts .and their f ~.
·.)
·.application, ·. reference should. be ~ade to the ·Hydraulic Institute
Standards. .. · · ··
, ...
c··)
,.
t-··)
f . .,
Suction specific speed (S) ·
1_:1_s·;·:
~ .··

.·.· .. Suct~on specific speed (S), like impeller· specific speed (N8 ),. is a '
parameter or index of .hydraulic.· design descriptive of the suction
capabilities and· characteristics· of a puinp impeller - or the first stage ·
i~peller of a multistage pump. It is expressed as:
.· 1\1. .
. ~ ' .
ci
r!

re
.

S
· rpni -'1 gpm
= (NPSHR) 314 ii i·
~·

l
I'
.
I

..
'

11.
I 1-20 ~-
 Hydraulics

where
rpm
= Pump speed. I .
gpm = Design capacity at. best effictency point for single suction
.,
Iii
first stage impellers, or on] half the design capacity in
gpm for double suction first stage impellers (at
maximum diameter). · ·
NPSHR = Net positive ··suction head. required in feet (at best

By selec=~=:~~n~~~t~alues
for S ihich have been determined
by experience.· and· can be considered !conservative, the Engineer
concerned in making a suction line layout can estimate what NPSH
.· must be provided to handle a certain ~m); Le.

. . . (NPSHR)"' = rpms I· m
NPSHR {rpm~)'~
Suction specific speeds (S) can range between 3000 and 20,000,
depe?-~ng on. impeller·· design, spee~, I c~pa~ity, nature of liquid,
conditions of service and degree of cavitrt1on. · · ·· ·

. • From experience, reasonable values lor s for estimating purposes

have been found to be in the range 7000 to 12,000 for water,
depending· on· the pump speed and typ ·of service under which the
pump is ·to operate.i. Pumps handling hydrocarbons may operate
satisfactorily with ·values ofS ranging. p to 15,000 or higher.
' '

. ' . ' '

A high suction specific speed may indicate the impeller eye. is

somewhat larger than normal and con ·equently the efficiency may
be compromised to obtain a low NPSH . Higher values ofS may also
require special designs· and.may also perate with. some degree of
cavitation; to avoid marginal design~ on the suction side, it is
desirable fo;r the user or systems engineer to consult with the Pump
Manufacturer for suggested design crit ria, and to make certain that
the suction conditions finally establish d will meet the requirements
of the pump s.elected. .
' ' '
·

.Submergence

Submergence must not be confus d with NPSH regardless of

whether the suction is negative (lift) r positive (flooded). Usually

. '
1-21
 ~ .... ~ . . '' .. ...
. '••••• '

.· I ) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps< . • Cameron HydraulicData

·.·.17•
,. :,:.
it.'
submergence is a term used to relate liquid level to ·the setting- of a
', ......
· . vertic.al ·immersed wet. pit type pump with a free air surface at the l .•.
· ·. liquid supply level. · ·· · ·
·~~
In the case of_ a conv~ntion~l pori~ontal pump opera_ting With a
i~.
suction lift, or.· a· large dry pit· type .pump,. with a flooded suction, ..
some-subme~gence or liquid· level, in .additi()nto.t:heNPSlffi, may.be
nec~ssaryt6 p:;-event yortex_fqrm~tion on the liquid supply sm:face
. 11 · · •,_.
· and thus preclude or retard the possibility of air being dn1Wn .inthe
· ·· puµip. ~uction intake.· The :amount of submergence. wiU dep$ndto, ·
. some. extellt on the design .of the suctionjntake; Le. a bell
shaped elltrarice<should require'less than a straight pipe
tone , · ..
intake.'' ·. ' ' .
or
. I ' ·'.·

_,..
&•·
, ... .
'

'··~
. . . . ' ' -· .. - . ' . . '. .,

'···~
•· 5
'.

:Intake d~sign. . . .. .. . . .
·. ' ·. ·• In addition to 'pro-Jidin'g suffiderits~hme~gen~~ for yertical wet pit ' ', ; ....
. immersed pt1mp~dt isimperative that the sump and intake structure ff·
··.be of properproportions-.alldthat pump arrangements'be such as·· ... · _· __·'. .:.b~
··~ -~ ~ to-preclude·-l:lneven-vefud-ty-d-is-t-r-ibut-i0ns--ir1-the-&ppr-0aah4;eJ;.he-p11mp- -.-· ~~ ·
or arollnclthe suction bell. · . · · · . · : : ..
1

l
un:even velocity di~tributions.p~rticularly when accompanied by' '
or
·.. · . ·insufficient subniergerice can result in the formation vorticeswhich~ •
i.
'' .·•.·. . 1.-
·. . '
1

. will introduce air in the purnp suction causing a reduction in Capac-

·. ity, l1npalance and rough operf!tionre~ultinginrapid.deterioration of·
. . . · equipment ·an.d costly outages~ Alsq, ullderwater.vorticescan form,.
. ) .•.·
· ·_-!
...
1i
.>
..,.
"9
... causing urievep_ flowinto the.·impeller·resulting irt rough operation. ! -~
.. Providitig additional submergenc~ vvill not compensate for im~ . al1 t .·""
.·· .1'.
'.properly designed' i.ntake and' therefore eareful consideration must·be. ·' t ,,.
given tc1 p'ump arrangement ·and location of intake and . ·sump
dimensions. ·. .· .
' . ,. ·. '·.
·. . .
· .··. fti.
t
' 'f
s·,
J.

!. J

puinp
. Intake desigi;, arrallgoment7i=~ setting are, IUllong
other things, the
' complete responsibility of the usert and iihproper use of the following data could result •
. ' r.· .•.s·.. ;· .
in severe da~age to property and/or injriry to person. Accordinglytln:~ersoll~Dresser
Pumps do~s pot assume any liability for ariy losses or damages to properly or injury to .! .a
persons that m_ay result frorn the utilization o( the following ·suggested design data;
·. Such design data do not cover all technieal considerations for proper operation.
.· They have been developed as a result of extensive model testing and field experience
· t
1,; ·c·
W'

over many years, and are offered herein as a g,eneral guide for preliminary layout \ . a
· work. · · ~
;.
9

ii t .·•
1-?.?
 • ,.·. ,,IOU'
~ydraulics

.Vertical wet pit pumps

Referring to Figure 10 and using the p . mp suction bell diameter*
(D) as a reference:
II
1. Back wall distance to centerline of p mp is 0.75D.
2. Side wall distance to centerline of pu pis 1.00D.
3. Bottom clearance (approxiil'.1ate) is O(OD.
4. Location of the. intake screen can va depending on the partic-
ular design, but usually should be · the range of 3D to 4D
minimum from inside face of screen centerline of pump"
5. Intake tunnel velocity should be less han 2 to 3 ft/sec~ ·
tt
6. No restrictions or sharp turns shou.d occur less than 6D or 3
times the. channel width in front df· the pump, whichever is
greater. .
7. Provide water depth (submergence) ver the pump suction bell
in accordance with the"Capacity vs. ubmergence" chart-. Fig ..
No. 14. .
. "'Check Manufacturer for dimensions.
-·----- - - - - - · -
~ • o '• ».~\"ti. e:.• ~··111.'·• )•= i.'~'"'·o o:c>:o.i1,

0 0

• 0 "'
~
...
.o.~

..•........
0 •
i. ·o!'.
d
Tra eling .o
o.:
Traveling . . ere en •I>,
a
screen ... B .....;. --!"Oii- (; ·«
...
•• .
".

---- .
-~
---lloo-- c::==l=::;:i 0
•o
Vel oCity ?•
-P:
1
2' to 3 /sec. ·
,; ...
.. -~
er.' .
Max. ~==;:i

...
0

" ,. "..c. .
.. I ., o·

0 0.3D. """"D _j ~;.

~·

Fig. 10 Standard Vertical Wet Pit Pump Fig. 11 Turning Vane Assembly

Multiple pump arrangements

The preferred arrangement is to have the pump· suction bells lo-
cated in individual pump bays by means of separator walls or parti-
1-23
 ·« >.. ' ·... : .·. . . . . .
, .:... . .: . ". :. . . ('~·

<):[!
. ~

.-. I ~ lngersoll~bresser ~-~p$ _ Ca~er~n Hydraµli~ Dgta ---

.tions so
one pump wili ~ot interfere hydralilicaliy with the operation !ttlt ·
·.of another. However, if this is nbt])ractical,.as maybe the case with !.-.
. small pumps, a number of units can be installed in a single large ~~·
sump provided that: · · · ·· · ·. · ,1J_e

1. They are locatedin aline rnnnfug peri)endicular to the ap- . «,•

proachingilow . ·.. · < , .· ·. ·• · · . · . ·· · · · ··· · · · . ·\-. C
2.. Miniinum spa~ingof2D is proyicf.edpetweeI1 pump centerlines. 1 J•
·. 3 ..•.··Backvvall cle~ance, ·bottOm clear~nce an.cl subrnergerice sarne as. . . .· . .
· for single ppJ.nps. . .· . ··. · · ·.·
.c.c··
4. All pulllps are· running ' > < ...·.· · • . ..... .· · .·. ·•. · ·. . . . · · ·. ·.. ·· . · . · ··· · · ·~ ·~
5. The ·up~stream · conditions ;sh()ulcl .I>ro~de . ·uniforrn flow to the ·. · ·· .t ara:

'
. . ~! ~-

l.
· suction bells (avoid tur.ns). .. . .
. 6 .. ·Each pump cap~cityis l~ss tp.aD. ~fj,600 gpiii. .~ 'I.
·.when individual· punip·bays are provided use dimensions:for a ... r .
. single pump inaccordartce·with Fig>lO; pa~ i-23 ... · · . · · ...•. l ~·
. . Tu~ni1,lg valle intake assemblies·. ' ·. J"
;r~ · .· . :

Struct~ral costs ca~ sometime~ be reduced by employing a turning

vane asserpbly bel9\v the suction bell:entrance achieve a suitable.·. io.
·. l ~-)
J. .
~· ..

flow' pattern as ill~strated in Fig~. 11. This arrangement normally ... ·. ·~·~i
•··requires a' deeper su'nip butthe width(W) n1ay .be reduced to l.50D ·. ·. .
. or less'resldtingin reduced ~c~een ci,nd constrµction costs. ' . . -.11
The f olloWing g~idelines~re off~redwith a turning vane assembly:
·· · l. Dimen,sions A aiid A' should be eql.lal. . . . .
2. Pump 'bell should be ~s close as possible to the. level of the ·
. support ·beam h6ttoil1. < ..· .. . . . . ·.. ·...···. ·.. . . .·.. ·. . . . •.. . ....
I•:
··.1.: ...•.
· . ·!.·

· 3~ Dimension B shouldbe as short as clearance permits. ·.

. 4. Dimension W ·should be equ~l to the bell diameter plus ,the
1 •'
·~ f;
· necessary. Clearance to allow for variations· in structural and · .'f ' ·
casting dimensions. · · . . .
·. 5. In order t() prevent excessive velocity at pump entrance, the
.. . J"·1.~
f'
. ~ .·
· · .··. suction bell should: be. lD or greater. above the sump bottom It. . :·

. depending on pump size .. ·. . .. .· . .· ..

6. The turning vanes .should slightly accelerate the flow to the
. .· .·. . . .
I.
·1·
. tt . .
pump (i.e. the inlet area ofeach passage should be greater than i .·
I
I
the corresponding.exit). . . .. . ·. ,· . . "i
· 7; Intake tunnel velqcity should be limited to i to 2 ft/sec maximum.
8. Submergence ' S" should be per submergence vs capacity chart . ·
1
t·t •
• Fig. 14, page 1~26. . .

. 1-?.4
I
 ·Hydraulics
Side intake-dry pit pumps
The following guidelines are offered fo typical dry pit type pump
arrangements as illustratedin Fig. 12 for a horizontal pump and Fig.
IJ ·
13 for a vertical centrifugal or scroll c se type of pump. In these
1

illustrations dimension "D" is the diame er, or effective diameter, of

the suction intake fitting.

1. ·Submergence ''S" should be appro · ately one foot for each foot
per second at "D." Velocity at "D" s ould b.e less than 6 ft/sec.
2. ·Radius ''R" should be as large a possible within structure
limitations.
3. Submergence can be reduced to ha the values indicated in ( 1)
with either a roof or vertical baffle. · vertical baffle should have
·ample depth to be effective and cen rally located. At location D .
1

alternate shapes can be used to fur~er reduce depth; i.e. rectan-

gular or elliptical areas. Effective "~" then becomes the average

INSTALLATIONS
WATER LEVEL

Fig. 12

Fig. 13

1-25
 4. Suction bays should he symmetrical with ·no turn· inthe. ap-
.· ·. proach. With two or more pumps, separator walls extending for
".
a length of 6D and a height"S" shduldbeprovided. between the.·
intakes of each pump: . •.···. · . . .. . · · ·.· . • · . . · · . .· · ·.
· ·. 5. Minimum .water level Il1ust always be ~hove the impeller eye .. ·...
· When the. level is below the top of the volute.priming·is preferable.
6. Stop logs in the bay are preferred to a suction yalve. If a butter-
.. · fly-valve ist1Sed,·stetn shol.lld be horizontal.for horizontal double
·suctionptu;Tlps arid fµllyopenwhen.r\lnning'. .. •· .· : .•.•· ·•. . ·· •...•.... ·..· •. ··
7~ . Intake screens should be. placed. 11 miriirnum of 6D· from the
· pump
•'. .-
inlet .·(D . •diameter ~f.suctionintake .fitting). . · · ·
- ' ' ' •' •. . :. '' ' . ' '

. The;abqv~: suggestions fof alternative pump. arr~ngem,~nts are of-··

. fared' as general guidelines and·.sh(nild. not be considered as opthtluni; ·...
·.· ·.·.·Analysis. and desig1.1 ofiritake st,ructures and arrangem~nf of pumps· .
·should ·only be inage ori :the ha.sis ot .experience together With m,odel ·
.a.nd field testiilg~· If p.ew or questionabi~ arr~Il.gement~.. are .being
.· .·proposed, IIlodel tests shottld be conducted. In m<;>st cases itis. desir-
.· .. <,able. to have the Manufacturer's
. . ,,, .
ccnriments. before finalizing a design.. ·
. •. ·. ' ' . .
. . :· ... .. · .· .,

... /

')

·~

.
J
.
.. ,)

···•:
.

.......
. ~- \

·I'
···.20 60 100
CAPACITY .
i . . 1.40
J
180 . 200 . 240
X 1000} ·. GPM
280 .. 320
··1
Fig.14 Capacity Vs Submergence over suction bell for Vertical Wet Pit Pumps.

1-26
 Work perform:ed in pumping - hor epower

The work performed in pumping or · oving a liquid. depends on

the weight of the liquid being handled · a given time· against the
1 ·.
total. head (in feet of liquid) or differe tial pressure (in psi) being
developed.

Since one horsepower equals 33,000 , lb per minute the useful or

theoretical horsepower (usually called tbe hydraulic horsepower -
. hyd hp ) Will equal: . · . . . .· I . . · . .
. H d h · = lb of liquid per m ute X H (in feet)
.y . p .. . . . 33 000 . . .
The actual or brake horsepower (bhp) of a pump will be greater
than the hyd hp by:the amount o:flosse~ incurred withlnthe pump
~ through frictiori, leakage, etc. The pump efficiency will therefore be
· equalto: · · · ·

.Puni~ efficiency - h~~:p

or.·
. .Brake hp = . hyd h~ .· .
. · · . ·. . .. pump effic1enc • . . . . . · ··
Since the · above ·. expressions appll .to both centrifugal and
reciprocating types of pumps, horse~ower calculations can be
simplified if· the weight of liquid ·b ing handled . (capacity) is
expressed in terms of ·gpm and/or b ,h -·· · and the ·.differential .
pressure (H) in terms of head in· feet of 1 quid for centrifugal pumps,·
and psi (polinds per sq in.)for reciproca ing pumps as follows: ·
Brake hp=. gpm X H (in feet) X sp gr, icommon centrifugal terms)
3960 X pump efficiency
• ! .

X H (in.feet) X sp gr
- · bhp.. 5657
.

X efficiency
common centrifugal terms)

gpm X psi·
(common recipj ocatingterms)
1714 X eff

bhp X psi . . . )
. ·. = 2450 X eff (common rec1 I ocating terms
Note: to obtain the hyd hp from tile .above expresrs use a pump efficiency of 100%.

1-27
 . ',·
' .

·. ·. I ii ln9ers0H·Dres,sl!r Pumps ·. · . C~1ueron-HydrauliC Dat~

.. ··.In the above expressions:· ..... .

· ·· gprn. ·. · ·U S. gallons pern~inute delivered (one gallon.· · 8.33 lb· at 68 .

. DegF.) .· . . .. . .
· · · ·. bph = barrels (42 gallons) per hour ~delivered ··
H ~ total head in ·feet of liquid-·· differential
· . psi =lbs per sqin-. differential ...
< Electric~ liP input to m6for ;: ·. ~ulnp bhp
motor·efficiency··

···... K\Vmputtpihot~r > pumpbhp X0.7457

·.· .·.. rriotor efficiency
. If a variable speed device is .used betwee1l<punip .~d driv~~then ·•· · ·. .
over~ll effidency. W¥1 . .equf!l P.ump eff :X Motor' eff. ~.· eff 'of variable· .· .· ·
· speed drive! . .. _ .. · .· ·• .· ... ···. · . . ·• ..· . . . · · ....· • . •.
From the above formulas it should be noted that it is important to .· ..
corre'ctthe (gpm) and (H) for . tbe temperature being pumped; it· .• ·.·
· ·.·. -·~ .sJiau:1a a1sa·be-iiotedll1afmorejiower'is requireCI~fo~pUm.p-agiven
· weight of liquid hot againsta.given pressure than will be required to . ·
of
ptunpthe Saine weight liquid cold> . . . > .. · .... ·. · ... · ·. ·.
When handling some liquids and for.water at very·high pressures, •· ..
· . the. compressibiHty 9f the-liquid. may need to··be· consid~red. as .its
d~risity m;:ty c~ange ~thin the Pl1II1P· · ·· · · ·· ·. · - ··

. Tenl.perature ris~-~:1\ilnimum Flow:/ ·. . · ··. · ··. - < < • ... • ··· . ·. ·. ··· . . ·· ...

. Except f()r a small ~ount of powerlost in the puinp hearings and·. ·. .·

· .· . stuffing boxes .the difference betwe,en the brake horsepower and hy- .· •. ·
draulic horsepower .developed represents the power losses within .the ·.·.
· · pump itself; most of which are trahsferreci to
the liquid passing ··
through the pump causing a temperature rise in the liq\.lid. ···• . . .
•. It is sometimes de sir.able to have 'a curve showing temperature rise ·.
. . . . versus ptimpcapacity-· which can be calculatedfromthisformula: .·.
The allowable minimum flow through :a 'Centrifugal Pump may
. depend to some extent on the allowable temperature rise permitted ..•··
Since items other.than thermal(suchas<hydraulic radial thrust) may ·
. · · have to be considered, the manufacturer should be consulted on the .
safe minimum fl~w permitted. • . . . . .
. ·where
TR = H( 1.0 - E) .·. . TR ._:_ Temperature rise in Deg F
. · · .· 778UE · H - Total head in feet··
E = Efficiency expressed as a decimal
· U .= Specific heat of the pumped liquid
1-28 · in BTU/LB/Deg. F .·
 ..
l
·Hydraulics

.Characteristic curves
Since the head (in feet of liquid) develop+ d by a centrifugal pump is
independent of the specific gravity, wat r at normal temperatures
with a specific gravity of 1.000 is the liqui~ almost universally used in
establishing centrifugal pump performanc . characteristics. If the head
II
for a specific application is determined in feet, then the desired head
and capacity can be read without correction as long as the viscosity
of the liquid is similar to that of water. TThe horsepower curve, which
be use~for liquids of other gravity
can
r
is basis specific gravity of 1.0,
(if viscosity is similar to water) ~y mult~plying the horsepower for
water by the specific gravity ofthe liquid handled. . . . . .

The hydraulic characteristics of centrifugal pumps usually permit

· _conside~able· ~atitude in the. range. of op,rating co~diti~ns. Ideally,
the design point and operatmg pomt shquld be mamtained close to
the best efficiency point (BEP); howevet, substantial variations in
. flow either to .the right (increasing) or toi~he left (decreasing) of the
. BEP are-usually-permissibl~. Ho=weyer; operating-~ack~?ri the· curve~.
. at reduced flow, or at excessive run out may result in radial thrust, or
cavitation· caus.ing d. amage and therefore,he manufacturer should b.e
.
consulted
. .
when such
.
conditions
,.
may. exis . .. ·· . . · ·
.
· ,
' . ' . . .
. . . ' ' . . . . . ' .

Since a centrifugal pump is a machine which imparts velocity and

converts velocit~ to pressure, the ow.a~d ~ead ·de':eloped m~y be . f l .

changed by varying the pump speed or c~~ngmg the impeller diame-

ter. ·.~.Thes.e modifications will ch.ange the~i·p ..sp.eed or velo·c.ity of the
impeller vanes and therefore the velocit at which the liquid leaves ·
the impeller. Note that changing impelle ·diameters may result in a
loss in efficiency as the diameter is red111.ced. For reasonable speed
variations the efficiency should.
not chang1e. appreciably.
, , ' . . , . . ' . .

For pumps in the centrifugal range of specific speeds (radial flow·

impellers) the relationships between cap city, head and horsepower
with changes in impeller diameter and peed are approximately as
follows:

For small variations in impeller diamet r (constant sp~ed)

D1 = Qi = -,---::::t:::=-

D2 Q2

BHP 1 = D 13
BHP 2 D 23
1-29
 ' 1:.··
. ··-!.' '

Ca~~rgri Hydra11lie Da~a .· 1: :

· ··. For, variatioiis in speed: f constant iriipeller di~Elter ). · .:

.... 81 =Q1 = · v'li1 ··&_t,
·. •·. 82 . . Q2 · \! H2 '.:

BHP 1 ~ 8 1 3 · rt~~
. BHP 2 -S 2 3 .
1-;
·.·where ··~I.
. D ; Impell~rdiru..;;1eters in;inches · •..
H-·. ·Heads in feet·. · · ·
-- : \

·. ff.•'
•, 1J.~
. Q Capacitiesingpll1
· · ·. ·S ·. · Speeds in rptri •. · ·
· ·. · BHP ··• Brak:ehorsepowers ··
.. { .
JI' =-\
't
'N~te: conditibns,
SubscHp~ 1 isfororiginal'.d.estgn
· ' <
c~nditions:;
.· ·
subsel'ipt2 is f()r ~ew d~sigil ·•· · .
:._
.·.·~ .
·k•
".
'
..... · ·•.. The above ;relationships. are ,kno-vvri as the Affinity Lau;s and tire .. ·~. ........... ·~
· offered in this text with the understanding their application 'w:iU:be •. . '
limited to centrifugal(radical flow) type pumps OJ:ily. When 0th.er ' . · '' ' . • '~1 •
types sll.ch as axial; ·riiiied. fl()vv or propeller type ~re ir,ivolved cbnsult · ft
·-)
the manufacturer for instructions. ' '.' ' ' ' ' ·.··~
... .
.· . .&
'
. ~~ ... .. ~

. _Thesel~wscan.be surilmarized·asfollows: ...

•$ :1·
. . . . . 'i
With variable sp~eds'the capacity varies dir~ctly and the head ...· ·~E . l
varies as the square···· bf.the. spe~d; efficiencies ,will not··change for••·
reasonable. variations ill speed.. The break horsepower (BHPJ varies •. '
. ·. as tll.e cubeof the speeds. · · · . · · · ·· ·
' J .· .
•

.·•. ·~i ' •','

~
~

~
""r.. ·i· ~
'.J

.lc
'

.····• .'!
'l
With variable impellef diall1eters the capacity:~aries directly and ~
·.the head· varies ·as the stjual'e of.the iillpeller diameter-efficiency· !}:·

Will.be reduced as the diameter is reduced-·. check manufacturer for·· f

·~
Ii;
. .,:·
. .1
. . limitations. The brake horsepower (BHP) varies as the cube of impel- • '' f fl:
l~r .diameters~ Nate: Th~s~ relations hold only for. small changes in·..· .
impeller diameter. ·' · ·· · · ·
·~
';:: ' ....a·.·.·..·
relationshlps\h~
11·
. :!
Stepping curves-·· Using the above head-··capacity
(H 1 '.'.""""Q 1 ) curves can be stepped up or down withinreasonablelimits .~
){, '

making the necessary efficiency corrections 'for. changes in impeller '

"L.

-~ ' .
•,

'

diameter. Solving for 8 2 and D 2 to meet a specified H 2 ~Q 2 is a cut.and· ~ <I

try operation if exact values are desired; in all cases the manufac-
iI
-I
.turer should be consulted before making final modifications to the
:o. .riginal design conditions. . · · . ·

L -30' '
.
'
.
'
..
'
 .. Hydraulics
System c~rves ·. . . · . . • •. · .• ·
IJ
1 · . . .• · · . - .

. A c~ntr1fugalpump always operates at1the intersection of its h~ad-

capacity curve and the system curve which shows the head required
to make the liquid flow through the syste of piping, valves, etc. The .
head in a typical system is made up of th ee components: ·

1. Static head
2. Pressure head .

. ::~:::::.i.:~:c:::::~~::d[o::e:ig.15 where the

·total static he.ad is 70 ft., the pressure heajCI is 60. ft (2.31 X 26) and the
friction head through all pipe. valves, fittings, entrance and exit
losses is 18.9 ft at the design flow of 150 · gpm; total system head at
design ~ow is 70 + 60 + iS.9 . 148.9 ft.
'. ' .. . '. .

. In drawing the· system curve (see ·Fi . 16, page 1~32) the static
· head will not change with flow so it is represented by the line AB; the
· pressure head will not change with flowJ so it is added to the static
. head and shown. by the horizontal line c:Ql. The friction head through ·
a. piping· system,' however, varies appr~ximately :i-s· the square of
the flow, so the friction at ·500 gpm wifll be ( ;ig0 ) X. 18.9 = 2.1 ft·
(Point E); likewise the friction at 1000 gpm will be 8.4 ft (Point F),
PRESSURE HEAD

· 26 PSIG
. (60 FT.)
- - - --
'"' .. ...... '

O·
<(
LI.I · THROT LE VALVE
'l:

O· -
I- 0
<( t-
i- HEAD= 18. 9 FT.
(/)

Fig. 15

1-31
 . . .
. ~ ~. -··:.-·--·-·--"T""·····---·--···--··-'T'·--~··_-- ·-r--~---,.---r---'--r-------··:------,-------,
- -· ...--·

··sYSTEM.··CURVES ·
. · · 2001-----,---,-->-I--+-----+---:~-t:-:----:-t--------r----r--:~-r----'1,
. I
~·· i
LLJ
LLJ
IJ..

% cl..:~~~:::::±::::J[J===;::=::b~~~F====t===]_--~L__D
~ 120..__---+-----+-----+----t-t----'-,--.. +----~
.... +--.-..- . r - - : -.....,......,l~.-----1

. ·~ .·. . . 8 0 1--'.·_;_;__.-+---,-----+-"'---'-,+----'-'--'-I ·~o....,..r--,---'---t

-r---'-+'--_ -----·-+-'.......,...P_..;.RE_s--1'Sf-:----U_R-,-E_·.·+--H_E·A_
..
~.. · A1-·__..;.,.-+------.....,.+-----..+--.,..-.,..,....;1--+_,,_--'--+"-....,...,..--f--,...-..,.--t--,-~':"".'"·!·. ·,...,......· . B ·. •
O·
~·.··

.· •·. 4 0 1-;.-_;_,.-.+-----'---+------+..-'--'-'-f--+-;----'----+~~~-'------'t--:-:----+-----'1
~--·. STArlc HEAD".• .· ...:.· .. ·- '

o -----..;.:..J.____;___~-----1..-------L-.,...a....,-..;~~.-...;.· .__._I---"--_.__·___
L..;..... .... ____..· . .·
>. _...

0 200 · 400 600 800 lOOO" 1200 · 1400 • 1600

· · "· .CAPACITY-Q'~GPM .· •. . ..
.>·. .< .· :·· ......

these d~termine··the.final curve ··CEFG~ In. Fig.16 the purrip h~aa·.

capacity curve has been <superimposed on the system curve~ Unless ·.
something iS done to change either the head capadty cunre .• ;:. or th.e
. system curve·.~· the.· pump will operate at 1500 gpm (Poi!lt .G)
indefinitely. · · ·· . · ·· · . . · · .· ·

If the throttle valve in the pump line iS dosed partially it ·. dis~harge

will add friction to the system and the pump cah be regulated to .
operate at Poin~ H ·(1000 gpm) or at PQint J (500 gpm) ot at ~ny
.other point On its· curv~; this is changing the system. curve by throt- ...·
tling andinthis caseisknow11 ~s "throttling control.'' . .
. . .. . ·:. .
.· . . . , .

Parallel· and. series operation·.·.··.·

. .

With ':Properly sel~cted Head-capacity (H-Q) curves (preferably·.

.· curves with continuously rising characteristics) and subject to cer~ ·
. tain hydraulic and mechanieal considerations parallel and/or series
operation ofcentrifugal pumps can be employed to meet a wide range
of service requirements.

In considering multiple pump operation a system h~ad curve for

the entire capacity and head· requirement~ must be made available.
The individual pump H-Q curves must be super-imposed on the sys-·
tern cur.ve.
1-32
 Hydraulics

For parallel operation of two or more ·umps the combined perfor-

mance curve is obtained by adding horiz ntally the capacities of the
same heads.

For series operation the coillbiried pe ormance curve is obtained

II
by adding vertically the heads at the sam capacities.

Since a centrifugal pump always operaJ es at the intersection of its

. H-Q curve with the system curve, superjirriposing the system curve
' on .the pump performance curve clearly .indicate~ w?at fl.ow can be
expected and at what heads each pump or ts combmation will operate.

· Fig. 17 .
illustrates
.. .. .. s
a two (2) pump . ies-parallel operation; this
could be expanded to a three or more p mp combination if desired.
Iri this illustration a typical H-Q curve fo a single pump designed for .
. 1000 gpm at 60 ft head is shown; two umps in series will deliver ·
· 1000 gpm at 120ft; or.two pumps in par llel will deliver 2000 gpm at
· 60 ft; system curves have assumed as.jshown. If 'the· pumps have
"run-out' capabilities"-(dotted portion -they will operate at the
intersection of the H-Q curves with the bystem curves. Note that in
1
·this· illustration the system curve is ba ed on the assumption that
there is 20 ft static head. · ·· · · · · ·

H-Q -TWO PUMPS IN S RIES~

ADD HEADS VER ICALLY
l8Q1--____c~~~~l--+-~~~-+-~--t~~-~~~--1

16Qt--~~--"c-~-+--+-~~--t-~~--r--

~ 140~--~~-"-~..-l-~~~--+-~~-+---~~~~------1
LLJ '
LLJ H·Q-T . 0 PUMPS IN PARALLEL
~l2o~~~~~~~~~A~oo---=--+A~P-A-C~IT~IE~S::--.H~O~Rl~Z~ON~t~A~L~LY~
~100·1'°""1=:~;;;:;::=-~~,-r--:-~~""71~­
:::c
80. HQ
SO Slr~GLE
. PUMP
401--~~~~~-~~~~~=-t-~~---1~~~~~~~

20 ~~--====::::::~--4-~~~~·~c~UR~V~E=S~~--·~~ri
20' STATIC HEAD
0 1000 2000
CAPACITY GPM
Fig. 17
1-33
 · ..

. \.i:
•••
.__. . •
·.I

: .. .
.
.. ............ :-·--· --·· ··--~-~·~·---
.
: :\.tr:' .
.' ~

6:
,.
Water hammer ·
· ·In fluid flo-W, water hammer can cause rupture and serious damage
· . . . to the entire piping system unlessessential precautio!ls are taken; in
..... . ~·
. ·. ·. the case of. condenser. circulating water. systems it can ¢ause rupture .•. .

....•.
,

~. fllt:A. {
and serious damage to the tube sheets and water boxes. •. . .. • j-~~ .

..

•It is the. result of ~ ,rapid .increase .in P!essure which occurs .in a. . . ~
·. closed pipirlg sy~tem jvhen the liquid velocity ~f' suddenly ~hangec1 by .·. .· ·. \

... : .sudden . sta;rting, stopping or changej.r1 sp,eeci ofa pump; or .s\ldden •.·•. · .·.He_,
· · · openigg or closing of-~ vfilv:e whi~h II1a:Y cbari.ge ~he liquid velodtyin · .
·the system.. · .· · ·· · · ;. , · · · ···· · ·.. · · ·· · · · · ·· · · · ·· ··· · · .· ·. r.
.. ,;k:c:
.··)
'This increa~~'. o:r. dynamic chang~ in pressq.r~, is th~ r~sult of the . . :; ·, . '
. kinetic en~rgy ()f the moving mass of liqqid beirigtransformed. into ·. df .·..· . ·.·
···pressure. energy, 'l'esulfi:rig ip. an, excessive pressure rise which can.···.··. · · · · '; flll::
· cause dama:ge on either the s\ictici11 ell:' distjiar1ksid~ of th!l PumP. • .•. ·•· 1i C
. Wii.ter b.~ttu~r ~a;Y be>~IlttQlled l"e~latfog· V:ii.lve
by closU~e tinie, .. i ..:'
!,. ~.·
· surge chambers,.·r~liefvafvesor other mean~. · · · · ' ·. · · ·• · · •

. . ... . Water hammer calculationsare quite ihvo!Ved, 8Ilci it is retom' · . ••. •·. ·''I :i. .
.·mended that specialized engineering services be: employed iri cases
where it may be a probl~m._}\or information. on this subject the. .· · .· 5. &fl-i
following further referencesare suggested.: . . .. . .. t,. ,.~
llf
r•.C1· :
. ,· .. . . j

·. ~~::;o:e:a::M~:::aiEngineers . •. .
· 1933 tRe
... pril1tedl94.9) · · ·l
·• . .
.. ·
· .. •
.
~·
-~
. . . . :1·
W'
Symposium·on Water, Ha~mer-'ftari~actions ·. l ... l
·'ifi'
.r~.

A.S~M.E. 59i65l(1937). .. · . . . . ·;r7f;

'··;
1
·.1

.iii A
· Wat.3r Hammer COntrol-·.8. L: Kerr ~~·
. '""\:} 1···.·._1
. Journal of American Water Works Assoc.
l~
··• 43:985 (December1951)>
. ..
.
· . . . ..
' . .. . ..
:1£·.

. if.
';./.
s,
Practical Aspects of. Water Hammer-S. L. Kerr · .. ·1·,.· .·

Journal of American Water Works Assoc ... '"(1:

40:599 (June 194$) .·
~
.:~~
. ;i;

;'.§ ..•..·.·.
···~
·-·· .

·~
..,,..,.,.
I'· .
1-34
·~
~ · · . 1·..
 · ...Hydraulics

Elements of Graphlcal Solution of W ter Hammer

Problems in Centrifugal Pump Syste · s-A. J. Stepanoff
Transactions of A.S.M.E. 71 :515 (19 9)

Water Hammer Analysis-J. Parma

1
Prentice Hall Publication, New York

.Reciprocating Pumps-Performance · ·
The pressure on a reciprocating pum1 is determined by the maxi-
mum allowable plunger load and the ar~ of the plunger:

~ax. Psig . Max. Pl nger Load

. . . Plunger area .

Theflow rate is determined by td area of the plunger, stroke

. length·, the number of ·piungers, .. the J,ump speed, and Volumetric
Efficiency: · · ·
'"I'

· · G.PM - ·Plunger Area x Stroke Len th x Nmnberof Plungers

x·RPM x Volum tric Efficiency ·

For .a given pump size with: stroke length,· number of plungers,

maximum RPM and maximum plunge load are constant; the maxi-
mum BHP is· fixed. ' · ·

If the suction pressure is less than 1 o/o of discharge pressure, the

horsepower required is equaltothe·hy raulic horsepower divided by
mechanical efficiency (M.E. ), as shown reviously in the section titled
Work Performed in Pumping Horsepo r.

When dealing with high 'suction pre sure conditions (greater than
lOo/o of discharge pressure), non-reversJl of power end loading exists.
The.refore, special pump selections are f,ecessary. Generally the plun-
ger rating is decreased reducing avail~ble rod load. In addition, the
required input horsepower becomes t e sum of the hydraulic and
frictional horsepowers or:

BHP - H.P. + F.H.P. ·

HYD HP.- (GPM)(Disch. Press.-Suc ion Press.)

1714
 .,, ,:

I~ lnge,solt-l)r~sserPumps. CameronHydraulic·Data .

· F.H.P.

(GPM) (D.·isch.Press.)···(·. · ·_ . · \ · _· 'i)····_.····(· 1+ S~ct. Press)···.'J· . • ·.··. . ,.,:....

( _· . · . · ·· ·. 1714 ·... · . .. ·. · ME · · .. · · ·... _· ·.·.. Disch~ Press · .· ·
.~=-·.•
.~

. ' . . '

. .. ' .. · . . . ' .·. . • . . .· ..·· . . .· ·. . . . . . .· .. · .. .

. ~
NOTE: Pump mechanicalefficiency decreases with a decrease in .
>•
. r<Jdload. Con.stiltmanufacturerforvalhes.
'. . '
....
·. 4: .i

.·.· ._ ..f····\
...
l '. , · •.

· · _.· Reeiprocati11g Pumps · ·. '. . '

Pulsation Analysis and· System Piping ·· ·

. ·.. '·. " ....
.·A·····:;•_.·.•
..
''
' . ·,' . '. ' . '' .
.
_1,~ . •
.·.••. Reciprocating pufups produce flow yariatio:ns which are converted.·. .. .·. ·.· :J .·fli~
.·.. ·into flµid pressure pulsations. by t~e piping system.Dependent upon·.· . t . _ .·
' t_he. de. sig•n.·. of, t,'h_epiping·. system_.·. t.h_is_.· co_nversion can_ result_ hi e_xcesw . ' . :~ _.,..
· sive piessufe :Piilsiitions leading t<i Piping vi.btation and fa.tiglle filil- ·. · · . . . ·. ·i' ~'.
.•• ures, 1os$ of fluid flow P,tie to tayitation, or damageto pµrrip co:rripo'.' .·•. . . ' ·'!It .
·_· . n,ents. aoweyer, the majority pf these problems can be avoided ifthe .. ·.· ·• fi·
'pipin~ systenrdesign iricorpqrates pulsation analysis or evaluates' ..· .·.···... ·' tfiC:l.·
.· the acoustic cbarac.teristics of .the piping syst~;m. ·. ·. ·• · ···_·. · · ...• .· · ·..· . ·. ·. · ·
. .. 'fypically, recipr~atin~ pllmp systems are designed and built fol~ . · .·• t[.

·. · ~t7~~~t~~=i~:tr:~lu~1:~ ~~::::~~~en~l:iZl~~~::~rfo~ ·• ·. .. ·
·. the piping is not addressed. Past ·experiencehas indicated excessive .· · . -·~' 1 • .
J1
1
C~_·
puisatiQn prol;>leIIls could occu:df tltjs irit~raction is ignored. ·. · ·. . . . .. ·· ·.· ·. ·._·,_. ·. · . ·~j-~• ·1
_. .
·..
·

.As. iuustrate~i"ill'Figure lflow·~~ri~tions can range froiri• 2.3o/o for . a .

triplex to only ·2.2% for a nonup1ex \.lilit, three· (3) to nirie (9)pll1ng~ •.
·. •ers, respectively. $ubsequently, these. flow v~riations are converted _.·• ·· 41.)
· into pressure pulsations by the ·piping system because the system
c;9:
pressureis·generated.by flow restrictions within the piping (i.e. fric- •.
_tioneffects, velocity head, flowthroughvalves.ororifice~ etc.). There~
for.e, a. yarying flow. will result in pressure variations or pulsations.
. . However; . whereas. the .flow variation for the .pump. can be easily.
. .·)-1·.l
. · predicted, the resultant pressure variations or pulsations are more ·
. difficult to determine due to the acoustic character.istics of the piping
system. · ·· · · · · .·!
. '" ' ·..

Figure 2·iIJ.dieates how the flow variations are converted into pul-
·. . ' •'. . . . . . ' "

-••
sations at distinct freqµencies. These frequencies are directly related .

.,
•,

to the number of plungers and pump speed. (f==NP/60). In addition,

. test data confirms the peak amplitudes will occur at multiples of the ·. if·
•

primary or first orderfrequency. If the acoustic natural frequency of

;;·
·=:-: . ·
' :

, oc
••••
r
•.:~··.
....... . Hydraulics
·:.:_1 ·

~~-··
• . i'
FLOW
·
VARIATI~~N
AQURE1

••.•.
··\;
DIAGRAMS FOR VARIOUS MULTIPLEX RECIF 1ROCATING PUMPS SHOW

- -- I
·VARI/\;TION AT ALL POINTS FOR 0 \IE REVOLUTION
--

=
':'"'
"
'
DUPLEX DOUBLE AcTING
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 24.1 %
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21 .50/o
TOTAL VARIATION - 45.60/o
I//
~~
-... .......
/
v > ........ ........ - l'G<' ,;-
...-

I"- /
/
..

/
:::::~

.......
[>
'"

... -
...........
~y

r-,__ /
A~~-

/
/
~
Zft. ~~

- ~f'"-

>-...... -......
r';.·"'.r

"-. ......_/
t--.

/
.~s..·

/
.t'.!.l.

t>- ....... ........

,~,:'

""
::::::,

" ... ....

. ...... ... ~
., ..,
......... N"7 ....
-;5P- ~-
·r
vv I/ I"-
'
I"- "-. /
TRIPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 6.1 % > I"\ [>"
v t>K
VARIATION BELOW MEAN-16.9%
TOTAL VARIATION - 23.00/o · /
/
" I/
/ I"\ . /

"'
--
~1+ lff'A, .•....~ ,·,><• . .. ·, '.i,,,,.::• "'.,
;J
"'
,.._. ~"(jr
~~~~"'7 ~;;;'
2'. ~
-... ....... ........ ~
~
.-; ~
~

. QUADRUPLEX v I'-.
I/ ~
/
> v k r-.... t> ~
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN ....:. 11.0%
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 21.50/o
TOTAL VARIATION - 32.5% /
v
/ "-.
-"- .... v v /
. '"i
:
.......
....... /
v/ ['.... I'.. v v /
r-....
~

I
:

I
- v :;::
i
QUINTUPLEX
·-.......
:

> f< .......r--... :;:: '< .......- :::: r<

" t> ' t I
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN - 1.8%
_,.,,. v _,.,,.
_,.,,. / /
VARIATION BELOW MEAN - 5.3% /
> -...... t> >v I'- _,. >vI'-
TOTAL VARIATION - 7.10/o ./

" I/
~

..

- .. . -~ .. ..

SEXTUPLEX
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN -
VARIATION BELOW MEAN -
· ·.TOTAL VARIATION -
4.8%
9.2%
14.0%
~

--
t--.
v I> ~ ........ - -- K- >-
_. v
I'- >
....... ........
,.......

./v
I>
.......
......
P'"

~
........
v r:::> K
i..- P'" ........

" - /
~ --
K ........
--
.......
v > <!'-..
i--

I
- -
SEPTUPLEX
I
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN -
VARIATION BELOW MEAN -
TOTAL VARIATION -
1.2%
2.80/o
4.00/o
[k ,_ >- ....... -><
I

-- ~
> ::::::
I> 1--"
~ K ...- -
'::: <
....... >c
i-- .......
...- r-
K
1--" I> --
< t>c i--
... < b
[>
~

k"
-
I><

NONUPLEX ·
VARIATION ABOVE MEAN -
VARIATION BELOW.MEAN- 1.5%
TOTAL VARIATION -
.7%

2.2%
o•
- -. 24• 48
,_..
...,,,, ......, > :::::::. ...... > r< .....:.. r-
r--
i-- >< ........ ::
12° 95• 120• 144° 1sa
-- >K -. ---. -- - . - --.
~ > < ........
,__
192• 21s 240 0 264
>< :--...
r--
> ::::::: ..._. ::::: -:::: .,_
2aa 0 3120 336
....... >-

360°

Fig.1 Flow Var ation

1-!i7
 I) lngersOll·Dresser:Pumps· ··Cameron. Hydraulic ·Data
-- --······-·--------------,;..._..;._..;._ __ __ _______ _____
-:-- ~ ....;.._.;_ .. _____ ---

1.5 -0.10 · HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF .

DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP
CRANK/ROD RATIQ.= 1:5.00 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 3 PLUNGER PUMP .
CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00

1.0

,'
I
; , 17,4~0
v· .,
·6.4o,;,~-----_·_-._ : .

' . /
, /
. .
. . .
.· '
,
.' I
. . .·.
I•
.
.
. ...
..

\\ / . . . ', I . \\ //, , .
'I , , . ·'I . \I
05 >~O:rAL VARIATION,\ . . ·. '\ · · · -
,' \ _23.8% I \ /. \ .
I \ I \ I . \
I \ .I \ I .\
J \ I . \ I \
00 ...........-~--~',......,...;..,.....·~'-r-r-.~',.......;,.......;r--,r',...,........,..;.·~',......,.....,.-',-~...:.;
o· 100 200 300 ·400.
.·o.oo_
o·
............,_.-.;~-1-'--,~~---'l-~
.. 5 10
. .15. . ----'---
· . CRANK ANGLE 1DEGR£Es1 . ORDER

DYNAMIC FLOW FOR.A 4 PLUNGER PUMP

CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00 , . 0.2

·~"'~
·1.0
TOTAL VARIATION
. . ';32.0o/o . .

. 0.5 ·; 00\JBL.E ACTING

.. OUPW
'MAlUMUM 124.1
MliltlliltUM 115
LJ.,.L..L-"""-'--1....1..-"<-J....L..J....U.L...l..J....1->1"' ·' YAIOATION <tS.S
.... . o.o _ _ _...._..,__,..__ _,.__,,__,_,,_;..,.--11...._,_ __..'--'--...;..-...J
00 +-...-...-.--.--.---.--.--..---..--,.:.--,_..,-,;...;..,.,.....;,,.....-;.--.~
. 0 ·100 400 0 5 10 15 . 20
. OAOER

2 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 6 PLUNGEJ;t PUMP··_.. · o.'e4 . .· . HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF .·..

CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00 DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A.6 PLUNGER PUMP

-)
. CRANK/flOD RATIO 1:5.00 ..
-~.o~

TOTAL VARIATION 7.SoAt w·· ,.

c :;1
5"' 0.82 .j
.. ~ ·t.·

.•
·. < .!
,._
'·.
c~ -~

0 -i.-..,..;..-..-...,...;.;..--.--;--.--.,.,--,....,.,..,...,.....,r-'-ir.:..,;....,,..,,.,,..,..,.~~ . . 0.00 _ _...._.l---'J-.-11--.---l---l"-"l'"""""lo--l-~~-'l-~~-+--4--I jl )

0 . 100
-.CAANKANGUi !DEGREES;
. 200 300 .· 400 Q 5_ 15 20 :~~
,.,: i
..
1:e:
. . .
•.
0:112 • . .·. . HARMONIC ANALYSIS OF . •/.
- DYNAMIC FLOW FOR A 8 PLUNGER PUMP.
. CRANK/ROD RATiO _1:5 ..00

DYNAMIC~LO~ FOR A 8PLU~GER PUMP

c·41
2

CRANK/ROD RATIO 1:5.00. ·10.81

~

I
O'--~-'-'~-~,_.,;.....,,_.,.,--,......,,.....,,_.,,_;..,;.....,,.....,,.....,~~~~ 0.00 ol-4'-1........--1---1---1---l--lj.-.Ji.-+~--+-+,.4--'l--'1---Y---+-!
0 100 200 ·300 400 0. . 5 ·.. 10 15 20
CF\Af>IK ANGUi 10EGREES1 OAOER

!
-Fig. 2 Dynamic Flow Variations of Reciprocating Pumps
..•>:.•

.~·

.''::

,f
!';;
•,'?

I
1 QQ
~~~1.,z..
':':,
;....

·.·
,.
-I
i
 · l{ydraulics

·the piping system coincides with one of hese excitation frequencies,

resonance will occur increasing pulsatio Iamplitudes drastically.
Therefore, to prevent a resonant con ition, the acoustic natural
frequency of the piping system must be known. fypically, these fre- ·
ll
quencies will exh.ibit the heh.avio.r of eit; half or quarter-wave reso-
nances. Figure 3 illustrates the wave fo s of these resonances and
provides a simplified method of calcula · g the acoustic natural fre-
quency. The· velocity of sound,. a, referenced in these formulae is a
fluid property dependent on the fluid tefriperature, pressure, viscos-
. ity, amount of ~ntrained air, etc. fypic iy values of acoustic velocity .
for same fluids are given in Table 1. For more precise values consult
technical journals or test data.· . .

HALF-WAVE RESONANCES QUARTER-WAVE RESONANCE

Pipes Closed at · : Pipes Open at · Pipes Open at One End .

Both Ends · Both Ends and Closed at the Other

f1 ·.:::><:.· I
1 f1 -=::::::::: J
f2 D< :xJ --=:::.....::;;____;;;::i.,,.~ ·f3 <. :>C:l
f3 DCXXJ fs <:><: XJ

Na f = (2N - 1} a
2L · . 4L

where a ,;, velpcity of sound, ft/s (m/s)

L = len th, ft (m) ·
N=1, ,3 ...

Fig. 3 Acoustic Resonant ode Shapes

. . .

In practice, normal piping systems a e far too complex to analyze

by the techniques described above. Thu , comple·x methods of acous-
tic analysis have been developed. Basic lly, two different techniques
are available for evaluation of piping s, stems, either electro-analog
or digital computer simulation. In the former the· piping system is
modeled on a circuit board utilizing st ndard electrical/mechanical
analogies. (i.e. flow-current, pressure-v ltage, etc.) The digital com-
puter simulation utilizes standard equat ons of state, continuity equa-
tions, and thermodynamics to determi e the acoustic characteristics
of the piping system.
 ...I ) lllgersoll·Dre1ser Pulnps .· . Carner~~. Hydraulic Data :~---41f
: .•
- ··- ""·· - - - · - .. ----.------ <.·.·····.···.·· ... ·· ·. ·.· .· ·.-·.·' - --· ..... ·······-· -·~
TABLE ·1- -···--- -. . ' .· - - - :·· ·~fti,

Prop~rtiesofComll1o11 Liquids · .. · .. ~·
. , .At 68 F and 14~7 psia ·. · ' ,~::

p~
··Liquid

Pure Water
Density, lb/ft3 · Bulk Modulus

· 62~3-
106Jb/in2 .
'318 (s) •
·· · 63.9 ···.· · · ·. ·. · 344 (s):
Acoustic Velocity··
ft/sec
"4865.
·•....
·~.
Seaw~ter·· .. · .. ·. 4~99···· ..
· Benzene
•···M~thanol·.
· 54~8
49~3
.49.3··.·.· .·
222 (s) .
··.· · 144.(s) .
'. / 155(8)···
. 4324
-. 3678····
i
...'
~)
fi>i
'·
Ethanol···· '• . ·3812··
.. .
223 fs) .· . · ·
.

.. ·· .·. Turpentine · 54·.·2 . · · · '.4$63 i _.)

.. <.··.At 68°Fand200psia ·i··
I('
; e.i
I'._..
-· .. ,·.
. '·- ., . ' .. .. . ,

· . · Proparte .· ·.• .._· . .•. · -: ... 30.8 ·. •'· · · J25(;)

· ·· Isobuta11e · •... 35.0··.·.·.
. . .

·.. 4f (t)
200ff-2500
.. ·.. 2200-2800 ·. . <I
N~butane · · ·. · .• 35.8 .. · ·. .. ·.· .. 53(t). . _3io6~37oo

Note:···Th~val\les. listed ·are·· average. ···For·higher .temperatures-· or.···_.·... · .·c·.:

.· · PressUres.Obtainspecific values,< . , >< . .• j .;
. ·t~ is~th~rmalbulkmod\llus ' . ·I · 11~
J c:
. ·• >
. s isentropicl:mlkffiodulus .•
:., I
From EI1gin~ering Dynamics Incorporated teGh:Qical report, EDI 85- ... -~
. 305, Oct. 85. ·.. · . .. . . .
' .', ..
..c.·:
.t Cl'.
.... ollce determined,. the acousticf~~quency of the piping ~ysteII1 has •
.. . to.be.sep~rated or.removed.from_ the e:Xcita~ion frequency generated.
·· ·. · . by the pump's normal flow variation. Typically,. pulsati.on dampeners
rs:.·
l·
.,
....
or stabilizers are installed to.generate this separation. Pulsation sup-
. . . pression
'.
devices
.
change''
the acoustic'
. ·'
characteristics of the system .
.. • Unfortunately, one cann()t indiscrilIDilatelyinstall pulsation damp-
. en~J:'s and expect reliable results. If.-.the proper .selection techniques•. ·.
' '

.·r e ·I
· are not followed, the addition of a dampener could increase system .·
c
· ·. problems instead of· reducing or. eliminating them. BaE;ically, there
·are four (4) different types of styles.of pulsation dampeners as.shown. ·
in Figure 4. Examining the attenuation characteristics of each type .•.
indicates the problems that can occur if the dampenerisnot married.
-:1
...
{I
?~ I
~:I
r&
, ,
•
.. . . ,
.
. ·._..
.
•f
to the system properly. . . .
·;:! 1·
'1~40 .A
 Hy~raulics

II
HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR transmit

attenuate '-----+-""'------------
f1

B
QUARTER WAVE STUB .·_··..
_ . f
·..
i L.· .·
. l . transmit
f _ (2n·- 1)c .
r - . 4L ·

attenuate '---+--L---~---1------L---

c . . ··transmit
0
~d
SURGE VOLUME

f - -nc .
r - 2L · --i_r-
m = D2/d 2 ·1. · L -I . attenuate '--+-----'------L-----.1
. f1 . f2 f3 .
attenuation increases as m increases

D
. HELMHOLTZ FILTER

·.nc .· nc passband fr
fp = 2L
c
; fp 2L
v frequency
attenuation increases as m increases

Fig. 4 Attenuation Characteristics f Acoustic Components

1-.11
 . ·.. ·_ ..... -·_
.· '

. '•

··: .. ,·'.-
· .• 1·.~····1'nge~soll·Dres~er. Pumps - ..Cameron.Hyd::-:-~a-u--='
. li:-c-c-==D:--,--a-ta-.
. . ,,,,,_,.__ . -'-~ . .... - :-. ··- ..
Low frequency pulsations (l-20 hz) are the most damaging, easily
discovered ·and can be attenuated by gas:filled bladder type dampen-
ers or ,gas-charged volume device~ (Helmholtz Resohators Figure .·
4a )~ Higher frequency pulsations (20-300 hz) on the other hand are
harder to. discover and attenuate. Reduction of high frequency pulsa-
. tions. usually require a sophisticated pulsation device, Helmholtz
Filter (figure 4d ). In addition, an acoustic analysis ·using either 'ana-
.. log ordigita1 methods is required toi(ientifythe'probfo:mfrequenci~s
. ~d determin.e the. effectiveness
. .
of the .selected
':···· . '
da.Illpener.. .. .. . . - . . ' '

. Net Positive Suction HeadJNPSH) .. · ..

·. . NPSII ~vailablefor reciprocating purnpsapplications iS" calculated .
· in. the .same manner as for ·centrifugal pumps, except an additional .
. allowance must be:·~a.de fortheteciprocatingaction of the pump and.··· ..
·the acou.stic characteristics of the pipirig system. Typically, this addi.;·.
tional.requirement•·.is·· t.ermed·"acceleratioll head",•.or··· the·. pressure·.
· . required to 8.cceler'ate the liqujd column on each stroke to prev~nt . . ·
'' separation,''of this column in the purtlp or suction piping. ' .· . '' '
. : .

If there is insufficient·.suctionpressure to meet the NPSII require- .

. me11ts of the pump, cavitation iesultingin loss of volumetric 'effi- '.· '
ciency may occur~ In addition sedous damage may occur to plungers,
· · valves, packing, and ·other pump components due to the force re-
.leased during the ·'collapse ·of the··. gas or vapor· bubbles .·during·
.. caVitation. ' .. . '• ' ' . .' .
·. .· .·· .•·. ' . .·.· '' ' · ... · · ...·. ' . '

Approxilllation. Method
. The following· equation is beneficial f~rapproximating the. NPSH
available within system. However, this method of an~ysis begins .· · a
to lose validity if the length of the suction ·line exceeds. 50 feet,
simultaneous operation of morethan two pumps, more than three (3).
bends· in .suction line, or complex mixtures of fluids.· In addition this·
· .simplified method of analysis doesn't address ·the acoustic interac-
. tion discussed previously. .
. .

. NPSH== hp · hvpa +.hst.- hfs - ha

where:
hp= absolute pressure (psi) on the surface of the
. liquid supply level. (Barometric pressure foropen
tanks or sump; Absolute pressure existing in·.
closed tanks or systems.)

I 1-4?.
 .-.
~"~

•• ...
•• ••
·~ '' '
Hydraulics

•·•.
•.. ;;
hvpa =vapor pressure of. he fluid at pumping temper-
ature (psi)
,·
:\
-
hst ==static. pressure d veloped by column of fluid I
••-·
above ( + ) or belo (- ) the centerline of the suc-
tion manifold (psi .

•,,)
.\
--~:
.
hfs =suction line loss psi) including entrance loss,
. friction loss, press e drop across valves; filters,
· system componen s, etc.
. ha= LVnCSG
. 2.31Kg
' . . .
.1< .· . .
/L . length of su tion line (feet)
/ V =Fluid Veloci yin suction line (fps)
, n =Pump Spee~(rpm) ·
= Constmt f~~ pump type
·. c
; == .200 for dup~x single acting
== .115 duplex double acting
= .066 triplex ingle or double acting
. ~040 Quintu lex single or double acting
= ~028 septupl x single or double acting
== .022 nonupl x single or double acting ·
K ~.Theoretical I lui<f Factor representing the
reciprocal o .the fraction of theoretical ac-
celeration ead. (K . 2.5 for hot oil; 2.0
most hydr ·carbons; 1.5 amine, glycol,
water; 1.4 eareated water, 1.0 · urea and
liquids withl minimal entrained air.
SG ==specific gra 'ty of fluid
g --:- gravitation 1constant (32.2 ft/sec 2 )

Regarding cavitation, Figure 5 illu trates how pulsating pressure

waves can result in cavitation if the ~mplitude of the negative pres-
sure spike falls below the vapor pressure of the fluid. Figure 6 illus-
trates the magnitude of pressure spik~s. that may occur due to cavita-
. tion. It ·is easy to see why cavitation results in damage to pump
components after reviewing Figure 6.1 Therefore, the best method of
insuring cavitation vdll not occur au'd system NPSH is accurately
predicted is to perform an acoustic ant1ysis.

. In summation, reciprocating pump piping systems built following

standard design practices can develo· pulsation related problems if
1-43
 . .. ,. ·,ge'
I~ lngersOH•Dl'esserPumps ,-CameronHyafaulic Data.

TRAVELINGPULSATION WAVE
-·<'••• . (-:i' '

~
.. : ~ ..

:~ ••
POSITIVE PRESSURE
'.•,
i .•
i .•
NEGATIVE PULSE (BELOW LINE
PRESSURE) .
•
:s.··,··,,:

1\l/1 ~ -._·.•. ._·_-._•• --c --;-uaum VAPOR P~ESSURE .

! ~.
.. _,
<
P;-.·". · - . . -.·-
. . - •. _· --: .

·· · . . . ·. - . I '( ....IJ ...·.. VAPOR BUBBLES FORM AS NEGATIVE .

·. .........
· •. .. f 0• 0.. •0 I . • . . . . PULSE PASSES
,..,.,
~ ·~ ::1 .· . ·. BUBB.LES . . . .

COLLAPSE AFTER NEGATIV~ . flti.

.·:~·.,~···
0
I o.ool · ·· . PRESSURE PULSE PASSES. . .. . '
.• \

.·
. . : ... ..
•.· ;DISTANCE ALONGPIPE . • • • • ·1 :

. . .. I
i.

. 1.,...
. . I . . .

.!.a,
· Fig. 5 Acoustic Pulse· J>rod\lcing Local Cavitation in Liquid Filled Pipe
.·" :·· ~: . .
.·'lc.··. I .
l
.
; \ .··.. 1

.·.acoustics are• ignored. ·These problems ;~ire no~mally the result of· . .· 19)
.. interaction between the flow variation characteristics of the purnps .·.
.. .and the acoustic natural freqvency of the piping system. The coirid- ·.. .
·-·1·l
.
:
.,
.
.
~

. ·. - dence of the flow variation and acoustic frequency can result in ex-· .. .
tremely ·high pressure pulsations. If unattenuated, the pulsations
can lead to cavitation, piping vibration, fatique failure of pipe ele-
.• ments, and possibly damage td pump components. An acoUstic anal-
.. · ysis isreql1ired to avoid.these problems. · · ·
. '. ~. ' . ... ... . . . .-. :; . . .. . .. :

fypically,. acoustic analyses.of piping systems are conducted via · .

either electro-analog techniques or digital. computer simulation. In ·
· either instance, this analy$is is extrell1ely complex, requiring the as-
. sistance of consultants o~ individuals experienced in this field. Previ-·
ous experience has shown that systems built o~ modiffod to correct
. pulsation related pr~blems utilizing the benefits ()f acoustic analysis .
operate reliably. ·

· 1-44
 - Hydraulics

___ f!>s

- - - -- 1 - -
I
I I
I
I
I- - lI II -- I11I -- I11I -- - - - - - vp

v v v \) u
=0
If Pd> P5 - Pvp then cavitation will occur.
Ps =
Static Pressure
. Pd = Dynamic Pulsations, 0-p
Pvp =Vapor Pressure

1·

'"'--- WHEN NEGATIVE PRESSURE PULSATI NS

EXCEED STATIC PRESSURE. CAVITATION OCCURS
. AND POSITIVE
. PRESSURE
. SPIKES
. .RESULT.
I

. FIGURE 37 C ..
PLUNGER 112
262 RPM
400 PSI/DIV
CAVITATION 0-0.250 SEC F.S.
. SPIKES 11:50AM
BOO PSI p.p 12-10-83
SPIKES . PS= 84 PSIG
PD = 1350 PSIG ·

EXP NDED
VEW

Fig. 6 Cavitation of Liquids

Pump Drivers- speed torque curves

The driver must be capable of sup lying more torque at each
successive speed from.zero to full load han required by the pump in
order to reach rated speed. 'rhis conditi n seldom presents any prob-
1-45
 · I) lngersoll·Dresse! Pumps.· .... c·ameron-Hyd;~ulic Data
lem With the average centrifugal. pump driven by standard induction
or s~chronous niotors, but with certain applications such as with '
high specific speed pumps havi11g high .shut-off horsepower, or with
reduced voltage_ starting, motors with ~igh pull-in torque may be
·required.··

· Where centrifugal pumps .in· the low. to medium specific speed .

. range (under 3500 )"are started. :with the ·discharge· valve.· closed .the .
·. mi.n.iIIluni• torque reqllirerriep,ts at various, speeds for this. conclition '.''
as
are calculated follows: : ' ' ' '.. . ' ' '. ..
,· •'·

.. Determine the m<Ucimurrrho'rsepower required at r~ted speed un;. .

· dersh"Ut off conditions. Convert.this.horsepower to torque in (lb! ft.)
·.. ·by using theformui~: : · · ·· · · · .· · · · .... ·
·.· ";

. · .:.· ·TinOb.ft:)· .. ·s25oxhp··•..

· . · ·· · rpm· ·
. ', ,. .

TurQUilVaries is the $qUareO£the spOOd;thh~fOre, toobtiuntorqu0at:

·%sp~~d-multipl; full speed ~orque by 0~563
%speed-· m\lltiplyfullsp~dtorqueby 0.250 · ·
-~ speed-··· multiply'full speed t()rque by 0.063 .
. ~. SJ.)E;led-... multiply full speeq ~orqtie by0.Q16 ·. ·

At zero speed· the torque would theoretic~lly be zero, but the d1iver
must overcome stuffing box friction, rot~ti~g element inertia and
•.··bearing friction:in order to start th~· shaft. turning. This requires a·.
. torque at zero speed offrom 2% pereent to 15 percent of the maximum.

Speed torque.requirements for sta~ting conditions:otherthanwith .

closed discharge will vary depending. on the horsepower requirements . ·41·1
at each successive speed. This can.be determined by .superimposing .
· the pump H-Q curve oh the system ~urve; selecting several speeds c~
. and calculating the horsepo"\Ver at each of the speeds selected; then I
'
t·
' calculating the torque for each speed selected~
. ' .
' .
·. I 1.
.On vertical axial flow and propeller pumps with h1gh specific speeds .
(and high shut off horsepower) it is standard practice to start the 1- I

pumps With discharge valves partially open to reduce starting horse-

power and thrust. In the case of the second of two pumps starting
with the first already pumping, it is possible that the water may be
·. i··
l
flowing back througJ:i the c:lischarge pf the idle pump turning it back~

1-46
,' , fI"
-··~"
'

'j
.'

.·~
 . •.,.,'

'.....,
'~<).·i. ·
' .
..
wards. This complicates the speed torque calculation which should
.Hydraulics

•·:: be referred to the pump manufactfer. ·

··-e··.
~:: I
I
Although torque is a function oft e square of the· speed in the case
. of centrifugal pumps, in the case of ositive displacement pumps the
., )l torque is constant regardless of the speed, as long as the differential
.~. \
•
'. ,,
. Ii
discharge pressure remains un ed. Therefore,. a general rule is
the starting torque required for reciwocating pumps is approximately
,-.,, · 125% of full load· running torque w en st~rting under. load, arid ap-
proximately ·25% · full load runnin ·torque when starting without

;' .,.·.
load~ · ·

'}
'
.· .Engine drivers . •
If reciprocating. engine drivers · re being considered the speed-
•·· -~.· , . . torque requir.ements of the·pump in st be checked against the speed
: ' i.. .torque cilpabilitfos of the engine to arsure their complitibility. .. . . .

':- ·· !- · ·. · - - -- - - - Cautien must-be-used in the select'-on-of-reciproc-ating-en-gi.rre-driv- -

• I ers because excessive cyclic stress s may be superimposed on the
. pump shaft due to the periodic po1 er impulses produced by each
;
: .:: engine cylinder. These cyclic pulses produce a torsional vibration
' f ,. whose magnitude depends on the ~tate of resonance of the entire
• · in
system; this results in an incr~ase the cyclic tensile loading of the
•:.... p~mp shaft. For the.se reasons the alllowable pump shaft h.orsepower
•. per 100 rpm (hp/100 rpm) limits mu$t be reduced substantially..
• . Due to the torsional vibrati.on .nroblems that.·may develop,· the
e: pump manufacturers should bechetked to determine the suitability
• ·: of the engine drive being ·considered~

•··• Impeller Profiles

•• . Values of Speci ic Speeds •

•• I
i
g
'

Ill
I
gr.o ,....8 0
0
co
0
0
Cl)
0

-
0
0
0
0
....
l.n
I

g.... g
0
I

l'l
c
8r.o
c
~
"
0
gco
g
0
0
g
O'> 0
.-

•.
• . . I

. . . ·1 hroud1

,·\ ~ Impeller

• I ·~ .-~\ / Hub
.; I v_a~e~. )'·: s,,--V~~~-s _L _ "'< Axis of

::.i Radial-Vane Are11 Mixed-Flow Area · Axial-Flow Area Rotation

'\ Fig~ 18 showing profiles of impe1ler desig s ranging .from the low specific speed ·
radial flow design on the left to a high specifi axial flow design on the right. (Courtesy
I
e' I.·
•. ·. ,. d
of 1fydraulic Institute.)
1-117
\_J.&
 (.;
I . IL 'f6l,- 5700.
.. SINGlE
' ·.
' ' .
suer.'
. '
''..;;.:-.
'•

. ... ,
\'
~
0 \,,

9200 . ' ' (.'.:., '

....
z 140 ·'·(i··.·.'
(.
l&I .. ·"'""'·.""
.. '".'

u ."' .... ·~
er:. '2·· .(~
f20
laJ
a.. '' ...
•

c
.. 100 '.dt
':.'.
·1··•
'

""
..•
laJ ~.
:c :.:..
.so· ~
·
. . .

'
"·«

',
. . . .' '

······•·.;..
. r.
·. 60 · .. ·.:' ',' . . ·.. '
o'' 25 50 75 .100 125 ·.· .· .. 150 -~--
~·
'> .· ... ..

.··•··.·· ...•·..
CAPAcir TY PER CENf OF NORMAL
.• . . •. Fig,
.
19..
'
shO~ing. shape of tylJieiil h~d-~a~ity ctii'VeS for v~no;.. sPecllic •i>Oeds.
'. . . '.. ' :; .~· . '' . . '. . . ; . ' ·. ············.·<•
·,'.Ji.ii.:
.~
t~
·:··.. . .·.·. ··.· ·... '
. ,. . '. '· ".· ', " ' .; ~:

'" '

•
.
. ' /·. ·.· .. • :1(- ,

.,.· ·:~ts~
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·. '.t"' '
, ft~. '
·.· J!.
' 'l. Jo.:.
.. ···i?·
'··::j: •
. ·.r:•.. ' f.'
.·1·· { \:,

:... '.
: I .· .. '·i···
'.,,,... ": \
''

. ·.·j,:.;

""···. . J"J...
.... ·.· 1:1.•
.·• .. !El?'
·.f:
... CAPACITY . PER CENT OF· NORMAL ·
·. r•r···•• 1. •

·Fig. 20 showi l)g shape of typical \>:rake horsepower curves for v"'1 cl us sjlecitl c speeds. ·· .. i.'
'l-.d.~

'

.F
..
•••
1...._._'
 . Hydraulics

I ooo__.._......._..,.....,...
aoot--+--+-
6 001---->--1--1-
50 ot-+-+-+-c-
400 ..,_..._-l-+--+-+-l--l--l·-+-+-l-+-+~l-'-t-H----l---++-l-.......+--l-1.-1-4--1--S-----+-l-+-+-l-l--14++-1

3QOt-t-+-+-+++-+-t--H-+-hH-+++t+t--+--++-+-+-+-H...+-i~H-+++++++++I

20 0 t--'~l-+-l-l--l--i-+-+-...j.....1...j-!-++++++--+--H--4--l--+--hA--l---+-"""1--+-+--+-+--1'4-l-l-++H

100'
....LI.I 80
w 60
LL
50
z 40
0
<C
30
LIJ
::c

lOl-J._~~-UA_J___jk.l-J.-l-.U~~~--1--!~-W---1-1--+.-4--!-+4

e~~4-44_._~~~~--4--lr-+-1-~~~~~+++++tt

l5
3 4 5 6 8_ lO 20 04050 80 100 200

..''
•
)·1
1 I
' I
''
:' '·1.. '
H3'+

•lf Fig.21 Values flF'~

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'

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I
. I
e'.
,
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.
aq

F==~==t==~~~=~~f~~====B===i:~t1;t~IEE:==:zr~4~;rzs~~~t~~;2q;;.~~::~~:r:ill
soi-===t=+.=t=+ttttt:===±=izfBREE"i?-P~2f;J~~~~~f4tzfi±:HJ
. t\:I

igg· '
7 01r-=:==t===t=tjjjjjjb=:=~~ti1+tfft~~*?:.;~2PtmZ;zJ4t?:lfi±a:fri
t..)

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('!)
(")

;gc=-r--r-ttrHHt~~~-t-+HH~S4~f?kf~~~z;~::t~~nm
0
rt----"--..:.+-__.;.,,t---~~-1-t:-;-+--'--...,-:....;;,41-~~~
s 60 I.

e
('ti
I.

::s I
.•
30i----:-t"--:-~+-ri-+~~~4·~~4L.:...k 1A1i:V':~~~~~~~4L~U-llJ~
c..
r!)
c..
••C·•
e
~
~
..... - 20 I ' ·. ' !~11 :?¥~~t-fnl747Llv7.t7i?fvt~'1 ' ' I I , , 11
.., .

.........c .
El LL'.· · .. . :.
...__..

3= <(
I
10L-~4-.-,~l--:-~-+,.~~~~~~~~~J-k~z=.tz:Z'.'.~:iz::tt:ttt==~=t==t==t=t::t=t:t::t:1
0 (.f)
'tJ 0... -& .
...
Ct>' z 9 ~' •'
~
....
("+-
8~~~~~.j.L...1:~~~~~74-~9-7rntt~~~~f7~~~t-1tti-:-----'4-'---r~-:-i-111t1 "
~
Gt? ~LL~--t..~~::t..4-~q.:+~~-71~"'1-7'f?.f-jtJ}~~~.c..;;of-:;;~-'i-t""i-:"tt-rr~.~._-·•-=-·~.-T.----:-r~!-tllTI
fl)
"O _5 · NPSHAvsC(]pacityforspeedsshownat
l
~
('ti
Ct>
Cl-.
(,fl
.....,
4
3 1 / __ L . I /!·/]Cl 14'11.4'/.:/'b'/I 71'lYl7i... LA'r ·I I ..
constant SA ~ 8500. For use with
f.··i.····Si~gle'Suctio6Pumps,· .
s
(ti:
...
0 . "'1
0 ·. ,..
.....
f/J
•·· . _;_ 8500 (NPSHA)~. =:i .
::I 2 I .L ~.r:L I ;4 JLI ::..14d4"z7 / L J...L:rf7'f% I I I 11 .! .I ! ! N- .
.·...
-· . . .
.
-
(Jq
('!)
(.I)
i:
-.~a-·
v .. '
'.~.­
I-Ti'·_·

'~­
...
(")
("+-

0 3 4 f6 789104 - .2 ·. 3 4 5 6 78910 5
... 2 3 4 5 6 78910
6
.t-; ..
~
,...,._
,
.·
..
..
•.
::I 1-1 .
I -- ; ..........
""ac i"acity U.S. GPM
. J-1 •.-
(j. '.
"O
..\Fl . \;...) :·:
I~· ......... . •.· "

. ~­
" . t""+-
; ~
l

-~·---.,- ·:·- ::::::.~-;:-.;;; ~~--~-~-'--\··· __;_,__,_ .c;... · ------..~~- ~-.,,.~- ;..""·"-::::- _ o"'"~'--'i,.
- -,-... ··.~ ~,~,,,.,,,,
".,•;·:
~--~"'·iii<!!·· ·,... e • e e •
....,.r.ar . . .
•.,•.••••_._,_,••
.· .
• • -• • • •,
' . .
,,~--~··
_:,c . .·..•·
·~!,,• ·-·:~·~·-·~·-·~·. . . .-.=-------r.-..~
I
......... .
~~ ~P'~~... ~~ ~~~ ~

I
I
I
i
~ I
aq· 100 I .
9Q I v / "" ..... " / / " "' "" I/
N
C.j
8Q j [/ / / _,.,.... I.; / V / / ...-" / ...
70 I ... ..,. .. v . / ....'" / / / / / /",," I/
~
('!)
..r- _,7 / v .. v ""' / / / .,,;" / ........ ./
(")
0
60 a"1'V I)/ / / . ...,v I/' V / / ..,..,,,,,./V ./ :....~
8
8
~g r-~~~·~ I ~/ ..... _/v /v - ,,~ V~. ~~~/~ . /~---~
('!)
:s 30
c..
('!)
c..
sf,l,)
20
~
.._,
8 LL

3=
~

<{
o· I 10
Cf)
't:I
(t)
a._ 9
'"I z 8
...:s
Ill
t"4- 7
6 NPSHA vs. Capacity for speeds shown at
(]q 5 constant SA = 8500. For use with
Cll
0 4 -:V-l-,l vq?A"~ I l=l Double S11ction Pumps. I I
('!)
('!)
c.. 3 N 8500 (NP~HA).¥.
....
Cll

...
~
0
c.. 2
0
c
r::r
c;
~
[/)

=
n
!::
10 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 103 2 3 4 s j6 7 8 9 104 2 - 3 4 5 6 7 B g 1o5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 106 ·'--< .
0 ~
:s <Capacity U.S. GPM t-;
't:I Po:>
c I . - i::
f-ol
8
't:I
......
......,i

('.j
I Cll
c.n
f-ol
m

l!I
I
I
I
 . . ' . . ' . . . .:

.. ··I ~ lngersOll·l>~ue!' PU.rips_ . Camernn flyclrn~lfo-l)ata .· · .

sooi---+-+--+---1--+--1--1--1-+--1---1---1-'-+-+-+-'-+-+-~-+-1-+-+-+~'+-l-.+-i-~-i...i::+.j,,t.j~

4001---+~-l-~...,...+..-+--l--1--1--+-+...,+.~-l-~~-+-1-4--H--+--4.4-+.+44--1-1-1-1.4..(....l.+.I-+~

<
.
c:n
0.. .
w
c::
.::;,
·~
'LI.I
0::
:o..
c::
··o
0.
'- ...:.._ -~:~-~:S·-l~~f=~~~~F.~~~i=
o.s '·

' 2 1----+--+---+-~-'--

l. 5 1'---+-+-'-.,..f---1--+.......+-

l.0'':---'---'---'---'-_._;.+-1..--1...,...i....,...i.._u"-.l...-1--L-...L....1-'-J.-l'-L...L..1.-l.-LL.L.L..L.L.L.WL..U..J...
0 '• 150, 200 ' '250 ' 300 ..,. ··
. '"fEMPERATURE~ F.

. NOTE: This chart has been constructed from test dat~'obtained Using the liquids showri. For applicability to other
liquids refer to the text. · · · ·

· Fig. 24 NPSH ·.reduction for pumps handling· hydrocarbon liquids. and high
temperature water.

1-52'
.,,,
.•.,.:
·~~. ,.:
.:~l.,

..
·\':

)
.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hydraulics

=·,j ,· 'i
The following references are among th se available if it is desired to
investigate the subjects discussed herei in further detail:
. .
I
~.,, Crane Technical Paper ::\o 410-Flo~· of Flui s through Valves, Fittings and Pipe.
,_I Crane Company, Ad\'ertising Division. 300 P rk Avenue, New York, N. Y. 10022
Crane .Technical Paper No. 410M-Metric E ition-SI Units is now available:
e:'.I. order from above address. 1orders for Crane P pers. must be prepaid J.

•:1 · Hydraulic Institute. Stanrlards and Engineer ng Data Book-Address: Hydraulic

Institute, 712 Lakewood Center North, Cl veland, Ohio 44107.

t}J The following are published by McGr w-Hill Inc.:

£;!,), Baumeister and Mark~-:-Standard Handboo for Mechanical Engineers.

Chow-Handbook ofApplietl Hydrology.
Hicks-Standard Handbook of. Engineering alculations.
' l '~ .
Kallen-Handbook of tn~frumentation and·
• .·~ King and -Brat er- Handbook of Hydraulics.
!W;-1+1-_:_-
. '~l .. ·
--
· ..·Merritt-Standard Handbook for CivilErigin ers.
- - - - - -P-erry- Eng-inee:ring-!\1-anual- - ____ ~ _ _ _-'--
Streeter-Handb~u. k ·o~ F~lui~ Dyna~ics. ·. 7 · - - - - - - -- -- ·-- - - -- -- -- -- - -

i,.:
:.:' . · · ·
1
; Streeter and Wyhe-Flu1d Mechanics.
)i Urguhart-: Civil Engi~eering Handbook.
Karas~ik, Krutzsch, Fra~er arirl Me~sina-P mp Hanrlbook.

:.::
•)I
'I';
Shames-Mechanics of Fluids.

The follcnving are published by the· acmillan Publishing Company:

'"';
•
)i
.!
Sabersky, Aco~ta and Hauptmann-Fluid F ow .

The following are published by John Wiley & Sons:

•>l . t Stepanoff-Centrifugal and Axial Flow Pu 1ps .
• { ~
• ~ !. .· Rouse-t:ngineering Hydraulics .
. !, Vennard & Street- Elementary Fluid Dyn· mies ..

.If'
• ' T
J. j,

. l-: l: The following are published by Pren ice Hall:

.. \ i Binder-Fluid Mechanics.

.t
•
9,,,1
·~ 'I

•:'
'i
: I

. ) .i
. )!
Albertson, Barton and Simons-Fluid Mee anics for Engineers.
Butterworth Publisher.:;. 10 Tower Office ark
Woburn, Ma. 01
Telephone 1-617 933-8260
•
· '. ''
iI
•.·\I

•.
..l

•' t
•'·• IJ
~

•':,.1 1-53
 ' .· '"" · ...

.. ~ . . .
... ' .."" .

. .· . ·.'
. . ·.: !".· ·.·
·."'· :

. .
. .. ": ~ .
.._.·. . ., .•',. .
.' . ~, : . . '

... '
' I ' • • ... , ....... " ·.

, ..

.·;" .

. ~· . .· .,. ·,. . ,;»

. ' ..

. ; ::
·. . ·. . ·.:· ·.. ' : .. :. '.

..
·

- "' .

I C'
_.
.~'.:\
....
:; ~.
..
..

="'
-.\

..
9:·, ...·' ·.

:,._: . ;-.,

:··,.
>
'

::·:
./
I \

E
I
I
SECTION 2 -
:'
'

) ..
·-:~
,.:::··
~

'FORMULAS _1\ND ~

.
:'~ ..
)
"': '.
.
..
.

'
EQUIVALENTS
1-

t,./
.i . 1l
•

"7
\ .·.
.-., .' :

./ '. '.'

.
:·:./
-
.
-)
1

/ .

::
..

. ·1 '
?· .....
I
. .J
I
,l
,I
:.i_ .
--•... . .

.l
.,., '

'
i
i

,,

I~
·-·r
.:I

lngersc >ll·Dresser Pumps •

et

·•j'1
e!
•'..
J

:ll
••
2-1
- -- - - - - -- -
...·• •• ) lllgersoll.Dressflr PumPs Cameron Hydraulic Data
.,, ·. '

CONIENTS OF SECTION 2

·. se.Iected Formulas
. .
and Equivalents . · .
·. " . .· '. . . . . .· ." .; '' ' . .. ' ' ..

····p~ge

·. General inforlilation ·'on liq11i4~ ·. ~ · ! : ·.•' . ·•• · ••.• · • • • • • • • ~ •.~ ·~ ~·. ~

• • • • • • ·• • • 2~3

., . v olu~e arid weight equivalents'

. . - . . .
.~· ... .' ; ... ~ .. ~·. .... ~ ........ ~ •..
·.· ·, . . . ..
2-4 '· .. . . . . . . . . . .
. ·,:, ,'

. · :H~~d
. and pressure equivalents . .·~··. ; ~ ...... ~ .......•........
. . .
: ... 2-5 · ~
·,·}
. ,

·,, . -.

Flow e quivlllents <:..• .....,...........•. ..•. ..;.......2-6 and 2-7

. Flow thro1igh oi'ifices anif nozzie~ . , .. ; .......••... : •..•.. /. , .• •2-8 . · .

Flow data-· !l~zzles . ·........• ~ •.•...•....... ~ . , , . •· ....•....· . ~ . 2-9

.·...• Flow data

~ '· . .
weirs ......•.........•...
. . .
•..............
. . ..
2-lOand
. . 2-11 ' . ·.. ;
>
Irrigation table .....•.... ': ... ~ .•..• ~ .•....... •..... ~ .. :........ 2-12
. . . .: . . . '·. . . ,' . .

Frequently used forrnulas, constants and . . . .· . . .

conversions . : ......... ~ ... ~ ............•.... · 243 ·thrqugh 2-16 ·

·. (For metric formulas see page 8-28) .

I 2-2
 Formulas .and Equivalents

General-Information on Liquids I --·

In this section the more commonly use~ Formulas and Equivalents

.ar~::::;:r::c::::~:1:::n:::f~::g:r~quivalents, the folloMng

comments on temperature, specific gravitJ, and specific weight should
be of interest.
Temperature affects the characteristics of a liquid. For most liquids
11
an .increase in temperature decreases · iscosity, · decreases. specific
gravity _and increases volume (see page 1 6) ..
The Specific Gravity of a solid. or· liq id is the ratio of the mass
of the body to the .mass of an equal ~olu e of water at some selected
base or standard temperature. Specific i ravity of Water is usualli
given as 1.000 at 60°F (15.6°C)~ Howev. r, :in some cases, for con-
venience., it may be given as L 0.00 at 68°fF (20°C); and in other cases
as 1.000 at 39.2°F (4°C) which is its point of maximum density .
. Based on using wat.er having a specific .gravity of 1.000 at 39.2°F
(4°C) as a reference point, water at 60°F (15.6°C) will have a specific
gravity of 0.9991, and 0.9983 at.68°F (20 C)-· therefore,.for practical
· applications which temperature (39.2°F 60°F or 68°F) is selected as
. a base for reference makes little differe ce. At the present time the
base of 39.2°F (4°C) is commonly used by physicists, but the engineer
usually uses 60°F (15.6°C) or 68°F (20°C) s a base~ For actual specific
gravities and specific weights of. water. for other temperatures to
705.47°F (374.15°C) see page 4-4.
. Specific Gravities of Other Liquids s given relative to water-
. usually at 60°F (15.6°C). Numerically, 'pecific gravity is about the
same as the density in grams per cubic centimeter in the cgs system.·
Other systems of measuring specific gr vity or density are related;
conversion tables are shown on pages 4- to 4-19.
· ·Specific Weight as used in this discu sion, is the weight in lb per
cu ft. The specific weight of water at 3 .2°F is 62.4258 lh per cu ft.,
· at 60°F is 62.3714 lb per. cu ft; ·at 68°F is 62.3208 lb per cu ft. For
· other temperatures proper specific weight values should be used
(see page 4-4),
Density is the mass per unit volume. It is usually stated in lb/ft\ .
or g/cm 3 or_kg/m3 • For a detailed discus ion see page 4-3.

2-3
 .
.r...,
'

·. · Volume.& Weight Equivalents ..·

....
·-"
,+:..
..
Example: 20 u s gallons<x 3.785~ = 75.708 llters •· ~ ;.

·"

::I
·m···
..
. . . .. . .
* Weightequlvalent ~asis
:
water
Convert Volume and
.
weight
.
equivalents. ··
" :
. :. at 60°F(15.6"C) CD
to
Convert
from

U S gallons .... ; .....•...·.. I 1 .

us
gallons
· Imperial ,. Cubic
gallons· · .inches

0.8327 .·. l ' 231

. Cubi~,
· feet

' 9;_13368 l
Ute rs

3. 7854
Cubic
meters

. j 0.0037854
· Poun(js .·.·
us
tons
·Kilo:-
grams

3.1a2·•
. .o"'
'

.-·-••....
__.
'

...
.

Imperial gallons .• ........... 1.. 1.20094 I 1 27 '4;546. 0.004546 4.542

r»''
.. "'m···
•
.

::s ...
Cubic inches ...... , ........

C.ubic feet ...... : ...... :.: .. , 7.48052

t 0.004329 1· 0:003605 I 1
6.229 · . I 1728
0. 000016387'

'. 0.02832 62,3714 I o.03119 'l 28.291

0.016372 a.
:eCl> ··.·:·
'51 ' .
.

Liters .. ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Cubic meters . : .............

0.2642

I 264.2.
-
0:2200 • ·. ' 61.024

220:0. 61024· I 35.31 s 1000 1

0.001 ·.·· 2:2029.
'•' 2202.65 '
o.oon 0.1o00

1.10133 I 1000:0
-
if
:r. ··-a
m
.a.
c
'Cft

· Pounds* ................... I 0.1199 · 0.09987•· I 21.11 ·.·I 0.01 so33 ·. · ,,' 0.4539 :600454 • 1 0.0005 [ OA5359 ·=-
D) M
;- ·~
US tons· ...... , .... , ...... 1239.87 1Q9.7• . ' . 55409
'
32.066 :907;9· 0.908. .2000. 1· I 907.2 -
::s'
en
:s
i('b
.

:~
0.2202 ... 61.08: 'b.03534' ' .· . r:ooo 0.001 2.205 . 0,0011 I .t ·· ·
. ;o
Kilograms"•....... :......... b.2644
. '
'=:;
The capacity of a barrel varies in ·different i.ndustries. For instance :~
.. 1 bbl of beer= 31. US gallons · · · ~·

1 bbl of wine = 31.5 U S gallons · ;~

· 1 bbl of oil ~ 42 U S gallons .. . . ~~
1 bbl of whiskey = 45 U S gallons ·.·. · · · ,_.
.....•r-1
. DRUMS: . . · ....· . .. . . • .. ·· .. ··. · · ·.· ..... > ) .....
:I--'

The drum is not considered to be. a unit.of measure as is the barrel. Drums :o
are usually built to specificatioris andare availaQle.in sizesfrorn 2V2 gallons to
55 gallons: the most popular sizes are the 5 gallon, 30 gallon and 55 gallon
~u
\$:1.) ! .
.·
drums. · · .· . . ii"'+
!Pl 1·

.._________.. ________ ..
l

····--·--· "·-·---·----·----- --··-.-·-----···- ·-------..- -w--....

·~- '"* ______ ·---~----·

......................""'~'-,.''"'''-''"':-'•''"-'-.',.
 ------ .
• •,•. '........., • • • • . • • •;. . . . . . . . . . . . . •:-"9' . . . . . . . . . . . •· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
_ ..
~Y· _:·-~ :~:::·~: ___ .:::..~::::_·_ .. :. , . "-~~"·, .,~.~ :::_ ··- .., ..... ..
-~:.:.:..: ~ ··-· _.::. >~-'-""':-c~-·· -··.··-..,. ; ~<~7- ...~·~-'7--.:~:.:.,,-::-'-;:-:--~~ -.!.:::·-:_:.;: :.~-··~.~-· ---: . _.1_ .. $ ... ·~._ _. • .... :. . .· " • _ -::~~--· ~~~~ • .:
••. , ; . ... ~·~/ ~
_ ... .-- _) ~ <-_:; ~~~)

· Equivalents of Head and Pressure

Example: 15 lb/fP x 4.88241 = 73;236 kg/m 2

in. . ft. in, mm ·Mega~

Atmos· · water waler mercury mercury Bars Pascals ::c

CD
kg/cm 2 kg/m 2
(6BFr (68Fr . (32Flt (32Flt 1 (MPa)i ti>
lb/in 2 lblft2 pheres - - a.
D)
27.7276 2.3106 2.03602 51.7150 0.06895 0.006895 . :s
lb/in~ ...........

'lb/W , ..........
1

0.0069444
144.
.1
0.068046
0.000473
0.070307
0.000488
703.070
4.88241 0.1926 0.01605 0,.014139 0.35913 0.000479 0.0000479 ,,...
0.

1.01325 0.101325 CD
33.9570 29.921 760. en
...
2116.22 1 1.0332 10332.27 407.484
Atmospheres ... 14.696 en
0.96784 1 10000. 394.38 32.8650 28.959 735.559 0.98067 0.098067 c
kg/cmt ......... 14.2233 2048.155 CD
0.073556 0.000098 0.0000098
1-rj .
0.0000968 0.0001 1 0.03944 0.003287 . 0.002896 m
kg/m 1 ......••.. 0.001422 0.204768
.Cl
0

~-._
0.00253 25.375 1 0.08333 0.073430 1.8651 0.00249 0.000249 . c
in. water· ....... 0.036092 5.1972 0.002454
304.275 t2. -Q.,002-9""" <"
ft. water· ....... 0.432781 62.3205 c.1:029449 . 30 .

.......
-
CD
0.491154 70.7262 0.033421 0.03453 345.316 13.6185 • 1.1349 1 25.40005 0.033864 0.0033864 :::. ~-
in. mercuryt .... fl.I 00
0.0013158 0.0013595 13.59509 0.53616 0.044680 0.03937 1 0.001333 0.0001333
mm mercuryt ... 0.0193368 2.78450
~
750.062 0.10
Barst .......... 14.5038 2088.55 0.98692 1.01972 10197.2 402.156 33.5130 29.5300 1

I 1
='~
9.8692 10.1972 101972.0 4021.56 335.130 295.300 7500.62 10.0
MPa:j: ...•...... 145.038 20885.5
ti'J
·Water at 68F (20C) t mercury at 32F (OC)
Courtesy of Crane Co .. Technical Paper 410:
t 1 MPa (MegaPascal) = 10 Bars= 1,000.000 N/rrTl.(Newtons/meter')
""°~""".
<
e..C'."D:
!:1:
N:>
I
~
00
01

II
 ~
o;
.. ·.·. . ···· ..

,·. Flow. Equivalents-·· For anyLiquid .

' .. •..

. Example; 100 U S gal/min x 0.0631 = 6.31 liters/sec •· · · ·

·... , . .·· ·. . . . ..·· .

.
.
....., .

.Convert Cu Barrels Barrels

to · us Imp us Cu ft meters Liters · (42 gal) (42 gal)
Convert ·gal/ gal/ · million · ... per sec per per· per per
from min min. gal/day (sec-ft)·. .·~hour ·sec• ···min day

U S gal/min ....... ~ ... . 1 0.8327 · I 0.00144/. ·0.00223 ... 0.2271 . 0:.0631 - .. 286
0:2121 I 0;0758

Cu m/hr ............... . 4.403 ·. l1

·~

Liters/sec ............. ·· · 15.85 13.20 .1.. 0.0228 I ·. o.o3sa . ··•I 3 ..6o · I t · ·. . I : o.3773 ·. I·· 54$.3 . s
. ;CD .
·i-i
Liters/min .......... . 0.2642 0;220 . I o.ooosao · I o.ooosas I o.oso l 0.01 st. . 1·•· o.ooa29 I . 9.058 .. 0 .
• i::;
Barrels (42 gal)/min .... 42 34~97 ... I 0.0605 . I 0,0937 .. . I . 9.538 · I ·. 2.65 · . . I f I · 1440 . ·;····~L..
. .

.~·
Barrels (42 gal)/day ..... .0.0292 0.0243 L 0.()00042 · I . o.ooooes;. f ·0.00662 J. ·0.00184 I . o.ooosg 1 . P5 l
· 8.977 gpm (in Idaho, Kansas, Nebraska, .• ... ·...· ·. · .· · . . . · 1· . 31 gaLx Q;02153 gpm (beer) · .. . EJ
1 .miners inch · New Mex!co, ~.~ D. ak. ota .. S; o.akota,·and. Utah) · · ·.·: [?arre. · 31Y2 gal =
><0.02188 g.p·m.(w}ne) .
·. v
n/
Jo-I .I .

of water
= 11.22 gpm (in Arizona, California; Montana;
.. Nevada and. Oregon} ·
·.. per day · 42 gal
· .. ·. ·..·• · •.. 45 gal
x0.Q2917 = gpm (011). · ·
x 0.03125 ~ gpm ·(whiskey)
.·
= 11.69 gpm (in Colorado) · · · . · · .· · · · · · · · ~i
t"'f'-'.··
' O:>

~~ ·'w·1«•'.:;l:r''·"'·:,\,•!·:~·::_._:_:_.'...'.,~,;=~·--· ···•i" ...:.f...:~·;,>1~,~·1;;i>·"1\\¥'.fi!1"'1~itr;.f..;,.;t. "~'•' ..,••.•~,.;r.,,i.-..,~.i,.Q... ;..~i.' ·•·t-.;~:.·.~ .. ;1·:..

•t._._.,.•A•A•--IAt le4'1Atl. · ....._,•..._•.·.;a"•• •Te•

. . ·.. . .
f
·.· .·
• ,, •'
·.· ·.· .... · .
•· _," ~ ---• "-• ,_;,_ """°
. .· ..· ..· .. · ...·:,
~ ,....._
. . . ,. . .a· . •~:- - ......... •.• · _ ·
.·~""'"' ~w,. .~"'-'- .•' • . • _,_,/" / ·'••"'- ·._.·,. ,_./. '• .__ --·'.· ~~-~ ,../ . :••-· :......,,./ ...
 ••••••... ,
,.~
...

•.
Form1 ilas ana~~quivalenfs
=· .,· ·-,
. I

- ) Flow Equivalents
Cu Ft per Sec c: allons per 24 hours

; "

=',. ..
..
:.
Cu ft Gallons
per to per to
sec minute
Gallons
per
24 hrs
to
m=thr
Gallons
per
24 hrs
to
Gallons
per to
minute
Cu ft
per
sec
to
m 3 /hr

=~j
0.2 90 129,263 20.39 100,000 69 0.15 15.77

II
0.4 180 258,526 40.78 125,000 87 0.19 19.71

··!. 0.6
0.8
1.0

1.2
269
359
449

539
387,789
517,052
646,315

775,578
61.17
81.56
102.0
. 122.3
200,000
400,000
500,000

600,000 ·I
139
278
347

417
0.31
0.62
0.77

0.93
31.54
63.08
78.85

94.62
=··\
•:) 1.4
1.6
628
718
904,841
1,034,104
142.7
163.1
700,000
800,000
900,000
i 486
556
625
1.08 .
1.24
1.39
110.4
126.2
141.9
1.8 808 1, 163,367 183.5

E,.. 2.0 898 1,292,630 203.9 . 1,000,000 694 1.55 . 157.7

2.2 987 1,421 ;893 224.3 . 2,000,000 1,389 .· 3.09 315.4

-l:l·j:
2.4 1,077 1,551, 156 244.7 3,000,000 2,083 ·4.64 4.73.1
}
2.6 1, 167 1,680,420 265.1 . 4,000,000 2.778 . 6.19 630.8
' 2.8 1.257 . 1,809,683 285.5 5.000,000 3,472 7.74 788.5
3.0 1,346 1.938,946 305.9 6,000,000 4,167 ~.28. 946.2

3.2 1,436 2.068,209 326.2 7,000,000 4,861 10.83 1,104

\ 3.4 1,526 2,197,472 346.6 8,000,000 5,556 12.38 1,262 .
e':i 3.6
3.8
1.616
1,705
2.326,735
2.455,998
. 367.0
387.4
·.9.000,000
10.000,000
. 12.000,000
6.~50
6,944
B,333
13.92
15.47
18.56
.1.419
1,577
1,892
4.0 1,795 2.585,261 407.8

:1 4,2
4.4
4.6
1.885
1,975
2.068
2.714,524
2.843,787
2,973,050
428.2 .
448.6
469.0
12,500,000
14,000,000
15,000.000
8,680
9.722
10,417
19.34
21.65
23.20
1.971
2,208
2,366

:'.,'.
4.8 2,154 3~ 102,313 489.4 16~000,000 11.111 24.75 2,523
·I 5.0 2.244 3.231,576 509.B . 18.000,000 12,500 26.85 2,839

10.0 .. 4,488 6.463,152. 1.020 20.000,000 13,889 30.94 3.154

20.0 8,987 12.926,304 2.039 25.000,0001 17.361 38.68 . 3,943

:I.
30.0 13.464 19,389,456 3.059 30,000,0001 20,833 . 46.41 4,731
40.0 17,952 25.852,261 4.078 40,000,00~, 27,778 • 61 .BB ·6,308
50.0 22,440 32,315,760 5.098 50,000,000 34,722 77.35 7,885

.;,;, .
)
60.0
70.0

80.0
90.0
26.928
31,416
75.0 . 33.660
35,904
40.392
38.778,912
45.242,064
48,473.640
51,705,216
58.168,368

64,631,520
6. 117
7.137
7.646
8.156
9.176

10.195 .
60,000,1
70.000,00
75.000.00
80.000,00
90,000,00

100,000.00C
.I
41,667
48,611
52,083
55,556
62,500

69,444
92.82
108.29
116.04
123.76
139.23

154.72
9,462
11,039
11,828
12.616
14,193

15,770
•l'. 100.0 44.880

.;.
•J-
j:,.
101.0
102.0
103.0
104.0
45,329
45,778
46,226
46,675
65,277,835
65,924.150
66.570,466
67,216,781
10.297
10.399
10.501 ·.
10.603
125.000,000
150.000.00(l
175,000,00 )
200.000,00 )
86,805
104,167
121,528
138,689
193.40
232.08
270.76 .
309.44
19.713
23,665
27,598
31,540

•ti.•••·i·
ft! 105.0 47.124 67,863,096 10.705 225.000.00) 156.250 348.12 35,483

.t
106.0 47,572 68.509,411 10.807 250.000,00) 173,611 386.80 39.425
1>1
107.0 48.022 69.155,726 10.909 300,000,00~ 208,333 464.16 47,310
108.0 48,470 69.802,042 1 1.011 . 400,000.00 277,778 618.88 63,080
109.0 48,919 70.448,357 11.113 soo.ooo.oo b 347,220 773.60 78.850
- ,.•. 1

I
• IY.
."/I 110.0 49.368 71 .094.672 11.215· .. 600.000.0~0 416,664 928.32 94,620
··;:
,;"•·l
120.0 53,856 77,557,824 12.234
12.744
700.000,0 0
750.o9o.oqo
486.108 1,083.04
520,328 . 1, 160.40
110,390
118,275
125.0 56.100 80.798,400

••·'1
130.0 58.344 84.020,976 13.254 800.000.0r 555.552 1,237.76 126.160
140.0 62.832 90.484,128 14.273 900.000,0 0 624,996 1.392.48 141,930
-"i· 150.0 67,320 96.947,230 15.293 1,000,000,0 0 . 694,440 1,547.20 157.700
- ':;j• I
.'.ii
·,':.ti I Note-gpm and gal per 24 hr given to the nearest wh )le number.
•·t~·I The value 7.48 gallons equals 1 cu ft is used in calcul ~ting above table.

•ll 2-7
••
 .··.· .. ··.· ... · .....
. . ~· ... : .

I) l~gersOll-Dff55er P"mps •.. CameronH}'draulic Data >

. . ·. . ·. ·.· . -:" .· ·:. . . . . ·.

FLOW THROUGH .
.ORIFICES AND .
NOZZLES . .

·Approximate
.
discharge
. .
through•·
.
orifice
.. .
or nozzle.
·. .

. . . . . . . ·. ·. .

4
.Q = 19.636 CdlVh. . 1. _ ·( di ) where d, is greater than 0.3
. . . d2·. . . d2 . . .
. . . . . . . . .· ... d···,: ... · •. · ..... -··
. · Q· .· 19.636 CdtVh:where-.1 is lessthan 0~3·..·.··
.. · ...••.•.·.·· ......•.·.•. . · . .··· . " .. · .· d2. .••...· .· ·....·
Q-fiow,in gpm ·. ·. . _ .·.· ... · . . .... ·•· .
... · . ~-
.... di = dia. of orifice or ·nozzle openi11g' .inches ,. .
· .·h · ..·differential head.at orifice~ infeet'ofliquid; ..
d 2 ·.· . ·dia.ofpipe.inwhich orificeis.plac~d,.irl¢hes_ ....
C . · discharge· coefficient'(typical Vftlues bel6:w forwater}. .. .

,.•
IU•ENTAANT 5HARP- . 5QVARE ,
' .· TVBE . . . . •. EDGED . . . EDGED

··J·· ·.• __ _
... . .·.···

.
.
. ·.
.
~-~-".

..
,---
·.··:
' .
·.'
.
.
.·~·· .

. ---
.
..
.

- •i/st.;DIA.
c,,,,'.52_ .·.· ··
... · .·
C= .. 61 .· ·.
..
.· C= .61· c =,73·.· . ·. c.:. .s2···

Table on 11extpage shows flow using a value of C · •1.00 .. These flows , .

·. valu~s may be multipUed :by .the c yalue for .a particular discharge ·. ·. · ..
·to obtain act1l3.1 flow.· · · · - ·· · · ·

ApproXitnate flow through. Velituri tube:

·.. Q . 19,05 d/Vll l._ ( :: J forany Venturitube · .

·. ·. Q 19.17 d}2v'H for a Venturi tube in whichd1 ·. 173 d2

Q = flow, in gpm · · .· · . . .
d 1 · · · dia. of venturi throat~ inches ·.·
d 2 = dia. bf main ·pipe, inches·
H = diff. ih head behyeen upstream end and throat (ft.) ··
. These formulas are suitable for any liquid with viscosities ..
similar to water. The values given here are for water. A value ()f
32.174 ft. per sec2 was used for the acceleration of gravity and a
value of 7.48 gal. per cu ftin computing the constants. Caution:
upstream flow disturbances can affect accuracy of calculations.

2-8
 ·-\
~--. .\
'_.;;,,;
...
...

. Forrr ulas and Equivalents

~~,
".

·--,., I .
..
,..
·Flow Data_;_No; :zles

•,,:·
c~.;.
'.:~·
;/ Head·
·Theoretical
.

Velocity
.
Discharge. of Nozzles. in U S Gallons Per Minute
;

Diameter of no, zle in inches

.).-\
of disch 1

psi feet"" ft/sec 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 3/6 1/2 5/8 3/4 7/8 . 1 1 1/8
J 1 1/4 1 3/8
I
10 23.1 38.6 0.37 1.48 3.32 5.91 13.3 23.6 36.9 i 53.1 72.4 94.5 120
I
15 34.6 148 179
47.25 0.45 l.81 4.06 7.24 16.3 28.9 45.2 ! 65.0 88.5 116. 147

E
20 '.46.2 181 219
' 54.55 0.52 2.09 4.69 8.35 18.8 33.4 52.2 I 75.1 102. 134. 169 209 253
•. i 25 57.7 61.0 0.58 2.34 5.25 9.34 21.0 37.3 58.3 84.0 114. 149.
30 69.3 189 234 283
I 66.85 0.64 2.56 5:75 10.2 23.0 40.9 63.9 . 92.0 125. 164.
tt'·
.!..) 35 80.8
40 92.4
72.2
77.2
0.69
0.74
2.n
2.96
6.21
. 6.64
, , .1
11.8
24.B
26.6
44.2
47.3
69.0 '99.5 135.
73.8 106. 145.
177 ..
.207
224
256
2n
309
'334,
188. 239 296 3S7
45 103.9 81.8 0.78 3.13 7.03 12.5 28.2 50.1 78.2 113; 153.
•;:: 50 115.5
55 127.0
·86.25
90.5
0.83
0.87
3.30
3.46
7.41
7.77
13.2
13.8
29.7
31.1
. 52.8
55.3
. 82.5 119. 162.
86.4 125. 169.
200.
211.
221.
253
. 267
280
313
3?0
346
379
399
418

:
60 138.6 94.5 0.90 3.62 6.12 14.5 32.5 57.8 90.4 130. 177. 231. 293 362 438
65' 150.1 . 98.3 0.94 3.77 8.45 15.1 33.8 60.2 94.0 136. 184. 241. 305. 376
I
70 161.7 455
:r ~.

I.
75 173.2
80 184.8
102.1
105.7
109.1
0.98
.1.01
1.05
3.91
4.05
4.18
8.78
9.08
9.39
15.7.
16.2
16.7
35.2
36.4
62.5
•64.7
97.7 141. 191.
101. 146. 198.
250.
259.
317
. 327
391
404
473
489
y 37.6 66.8 104. 150. 205. 267. 33'S 418 -505
f 85 196.3 , 12.5 . 1.08 4.31 . 9.67 17.3 . 38.8 68.9 108. 155: 211 . 276..
90 207.9 .349 431 521
115.8
ill . -· 95 219.4 119.0
1.11
1.14
4.43
4.56
9.95
10.2
17.7
18.2
39.9
41.0
.· 70.8
72.8
111. 160. 217.
114. 164. '223.
284.
292.
359
369
443
456
536
'551

:,1 100 230.9

105 242.4
122.0
. 125.0
1.17
1.20
4.67
4.79
10.5 18.2 42.1 74.7 117. ' 168. 229. ·299, . 378 467 565

•.:.J
10.8 19.2 43.1 76.5 120 .. 172. 234. 306: . 388 479 579
110 254.0 128.0 1.23 4.90 11.0 1.9.6 44.1 78.4 122. 176. 240. 314. 397 490 593
•:J . ii
;,
115 265.5
120 277.1
130 300.2
140 323.3
130.9
133.7
139.1
144.3
1.25
1.28
1.33
1.38
5;01
5.12
5.33
5.53
11.2
11.5
12.0
12.4
20.0
20.5
21.3
45.1
46.0
48.0.
.80.1
81.8
85.2
125. 180. 245.
128. 184 . 251.
133. 192.. 261.
320.
327.
341 .
406
414
432
501
512
533
606
619
645
22.1 49.8 88.4 138. 199: 271. 354. 448 ·553 668
![ 150 346.4 · 149.5 1:43 5.72 12.9 22.9. 51.6 91.5 143. 206. 280. 366. 463 572 692-
175 404.1 161.4 1.55 6.18 13.9 24.7 55.6 98.8 154. 222. 302. 395. 500 618 747
200 461.9 172.6 1.65 6.61 14.8 26.4 59.5 106. 165. 238. 323. 423. 535 660 799

'J
,1,;
•

.!)!
"I
,I·. ,
250 577.4
300 692.8

10 23.1
193.0
211.2

36.6
1.85
2.02
7.39
8.08
1 112 1 3/4.
. 213
16.6
18.2

2
29.6"·
32.4
66.5
72.8

2 1/4 2112 2 3/4

118..
129.
185. 266. 362.
202. 291. 396.

3 31/2 4
473.
517.

4 1/2 5
598 739
808

5 1/2
894
977

6
289 378 479 591 7·14 851 1158 1510 1915 2365 2ass 3405
.,JI 15 34.6 .47.25 260 354:. 463 585 723 874 1041 1418 1850 2345 2890 3490 4165

··I•'...·
20 46.2 . 54.55 301 409 535 676 835 1009
25 57.7 . 61.0 . 120~ 1638 2135 2710 . 3340 4040 4810
336 458 598 756 934 , 128 134 1830 2385 3025 3730 4510 5380
I . 30 69.3 66.85 368 501 655 828 1023 1236 147~ 2005
. \
2615 3315 4090 4940 5895
35 80.8 72.2 398 541 708 895. 1106 1335 1591 2168 2825 3580 4415 5340 .6370
40 92.4 77.2 425 578 756 957 1182 1428 170 2315 3020 3830 4725 5610 6810
45 103.9 81.B ,451 613 801 1015 1252 1512 180: 2455 3200 4055 5000 6050 7120

.,.•·
.

,'.i
.~·'
)
50 115.5 .86.25
55 127.0
60 138.6
65 150.1
90.4
94.5
98.3
475
498
521
542
647
678
708
737
845
886
926
964
1070
1121
1172
1220
1320
1385
1447
1506
1595
1671.199
1748 208!1
1819 216~
190~ 2590
2710
2835
2950
3375 4275 5280 6380 7600
3540 4480 5530 . 6690 7970 .
3700 4685 5790 6980 8330
3850 4875 6020 7270 8670

••
. )''!
70 161.7 . 102.1
75 173.2 105.7
563
582
765
792
1001
1037
1267
1310
1565
1619
1888 2251
1955 23311
3065
3170
4000 .5060 6250 7560 9000
4135 5240 6475 7820 9320

.!·d
80 184.8 109.1 . 602 818 1070 1354 1672 2020 240!> 3280 4270 5410 6690 .8080 9630
85 196.3 112.5 620 844 1103 1395 1723 2080 248) 3375 4400 5575 6890 8320 9920
90 207.9 115.8 638 868 1136 1436 1773 2140 255~ 3475 4530 . 5740 7090 8560 10210
95 219.4 119.0 656 892 1168. 1476 1824 2200 26215 3570 4655 5900 7290 8800 10500
.;I I •
100 230.9 122.0 672 915 1196 1512 1870 2255 269P 3660 4775 6050 7470 9030 10no
'I 105 242.4 125.Q 689

••··i;
'
' 937 1226 1550 1916 2312 2755 3750 4890 6200 7650 9260 , 1020
110 254.0 128.0 705 960 1255 1588 196'1 2366 2B2P . 3840 5010 6340 7840 9470 11300
115 265.5 130.9 720 980 1282 1621 2005 2420 28~5 3930 5120 6490 8010 9680 11550
•• i 120 277.1 133.7 736 1002 1310 1659 2050 2470 29 5 4015 5225 6630 8180 9900 11800
130 300.2 139.1 .767 1043 1365 1726 2132 2575 30~0 4175 5450 6900 8530 10300 12290
140 323.3 144.3 795 1082 1415 1790 2212 2650 31 ,0 4330 5650 7160 8850 10690 12730
*; ' .
150 346.4 149.5
175 404.1 161.4
200 461.9 172.6
824
890
1120
1210
1466
1582
1853
2000
2290
2473
2760 32~ 5
2985 35€0
4485
4840
5850 7410 9150 11070 13200
6310 8000 9890 11940 14250

•••
950 1294 1691 2140 2645 3190 38(0 5175 6760 8550 10580 12770 15220
.... : 250 577.4 193.0 1063 1447 1891 2392 2955 3570 42!0 5795 7550 9570 11820 14290 17020
300 692.8 211.2
··':1
· f·· I
1163 1582 2070 2615 3235 3900 46i 0 6330 8260 10480 12940 15620 18610
The actual quantity discharged by a nozzle will be less tha 11 above table. A well tapered smooth nozzle
.'l
·,·: may be assumed to give 97io 99% of the values in the tables.
• Where there is both an upstream and downstream pressure . the head is a differential head.

.)..J
•'·· ;
•· Head in feet basis water at approx. 60°F.

2-9
 :·.. :.

.·.· .... ··.'. .. · .. ." ·" ·.. :.. .. .... . · ......

.I ) lngersoH·Dl'esser PUmPs - Cameron Hydraulic Data

. ..

.· . Discharg~· .From Rect~ngu­

. · la r Weir With End ·
· · Contractions .

Figures in Table
.
are' .in. Ga.lions
.. .
Per Minute
.
·... , .. .". ', ".

· Length (L) of weir in f.eet . . . . . . L.ength (L) of weir in feet

·.· Addi- Addi.,.'
Head .·. tion(ll · Head tiorial . . ·.
(H) .
: . '
.gpm for .·. (Hj. · ·. : .. gpm for···.·
. • ·. in ... · •· . each ft·. ·· .. m
·• . " I
.•. each ft .
·..· 3 · . . ·5 .· over 5 ft ...·
· · inches ..· . J over 5 ft inches .... 3 ·.
... ..
1 35A. 107.5 '179.8 '36.05
'.
·a ' 2338 •.'· .3956 •.· 814
1V4 49.5. · 1soA 250.4-' 50.4 .... ·. 8Y4 ·. 2442··· 4140 ·0so. ..

1Y2 64.9. . 197·· 329,5·· . 66.2·. 8Y2. 2540 43'12 . 090···

'
13/4 81 248 .415: .83.5 . 8 3/4 .. 2656'·· 4511. ..
~29
.. .. "·
,·· 2.··. .. . 9a.s· . 302 ·.. 506 .....
102·.· 9 ·.: 2765 ,4699 ·.. 970
:".

2Y4 . : 117 361 ' 605 122. 91/4 :2876' .4899' . 1011
·2v2 .. 136.2· 422 706 . 143 .· 91/2 :2985,· >5098. 1051
·23/4 157 '485 .·815 · . 165 93/4 3101 . 5288 1091'
.. ...
.. ...... : ..
3 177.8 552 926 ,.. 187
: : 10 · .. 3216: :5490 1136
:
3y4. 1047 · .5940 1230
199.8 624 211 .. 10Y2 . 3480
3Y2 222. .695 1.167' 236 11 3716. 6355 1320
33/4 245 :· . : 769 1292
..
.. 261 ..
.. .
. 111/2 .. 3960
"
6780 .. 1410
,: .
'<
4 269 846 .. 1424. 288' .·.· 12 4185 '1495
4Y4 293:6 925· . . 1p59 .- 316'· 12V2 ·. ·4430
. '7165
7595 ··1575
.4Y2 318 1006 1696··. ...
345 •. 13 .4660' .. '0010 1660.
43/4 ·344 1091 :1835, " 374· 13Y2 4950 '851() ·1780
... ..
5 370. 1175 1985 .•.· .. 405 <14 ..· 5215 8980 . 1885 '
5V4 395.5 . ··1262 ... 2130 .434 14Y2 5475 ·9440 . 1985 ..
5Y2···. 421.6·' ··1352 2282·. 465 :15 .··5740 9920 2090 :
. 53/4 449 1442 <2440 .. 495 15V2 6015. . ..10400 2165
.. " : ..

.6 476.5 1535 2soo···· -528· ' 16 .6290 10900 .. .2300

.... ... ..
6V4 1632 2760 560 ··16v2 6565 11380 2410
6Y2 1742.·· .. ,2920 ·595 17 ·6925. 11970. 2520
. ·53/4 1826 3094 630 171/2 . 7140 · 12410 2640
...
..
7 1928 3260 .•• 668 18 7410 12900 2745
'7Y4 2029 3436. •701.5 18V2 .7695 13410 2855
7Y2 2130 '3609 .. .736· 19 7980 13940 '2970
73/4 .2238 3785 ·:774 19Y2 .8280 .14460 3090

This table is based on Francis formula:

. . Q = 3.33 (L :__ 0.2H)HL 5 •

in which
Q = ft3 of water flowing per second. . . .. .·
L = length of weir opening in feet (should be 4 to 8 times H), ·.
H .= head on weir in feet (to be measured at least 6 ft back of weir opening). ·
a = should be at least 3 H.
')~10
 For ulas and Equivalents

Dis harge from Triangular

N tch Weirs with End
Contractions

Head
Flow in gallons
per min Head
Flow in galllons
per mi Head
Flow in gallons
per min
I
(H) (H) (H)
in 90° 60° in goo in 90° 60°
inches notch notch inches notch. inches. notch notch

.1 2.19 1.27 63/4 260 150 15 •·

1912 1104
1Y4 3.83 2.21 7 . 284 164. 151/2 2073 1197
1V2 6.05 3.49 7V4 310 . ·17.9 16 2246 1297
13/4 8.89 5.13 71/2 338 195 16V2 · 2426 1401
2 12.4 7.16 73i4 367 212 17 2614 1509
2V4 16.7 .9.62 8. . 397· 229 17Y2 2810 1623
2Y2 21.7 12.5 8V4 429 248 18 .3016 1741
23/4 27.5 · 1s.9 81/2 462 267 181/2 . 3229. .1864
3 34.2 19.7 8 3/4 498 287 19 3452 1993
31/4 41.8 24.1 9 533 308 191/2 3684 2127
31/2 .50.3 .29.0 91/4 . 571 330 20 3924 2266
3% 59.7 . 34.5 9V2 610 352 20112 4174 . 2410
4 70.2 40.5 9314 651 376 21 4433 2560
4Y4 81.7 . 47.2 10 694. 401 21Y2 4702 2715
41/2 '94.2 54.4 101/2 . 784 452 22 4980 2875
4314· 10,8 62.3 11 880 508 23112 5268 3041
5 123 70.8. 11Y2 984 568 23 4555· 3213
51/4 139 80.0 . 12 1094 632 ·231/2 5873 3391
51/2 156. 89.9 121/2 1212 700. 24. 6190 3574
53/4 174. 100 13 1337 772 241/2 6518 3763
6 193 112 13V2 1469 848 25 6855 3958
6V4 214 124 . 14 1609 929
6% 236 136 14112 '1756 1014
Based on Thompson formula_:
Q ;, (C) (4/15)(L)(H V29R
in which
a= flow of water in ffl/sec
L = width of notch in ft at H distance above apex
H = head of water above apex of notch in ft
C= constant varying with conditions, .57 be'ing used for this table
a= should not be less than 3/4l.
For 90° notch the formula becomes

For 60° notch the formula becomes

. . .
. . a = 2.4381

Q = 1.4076
i."
H'5 ' 2

oh

2-11
~
'N>
""" ·..
Irrigation Table ... · ·
. . ..· .
.· .. ·..... ·. ·
.·-
.'-t
- · ··
. ' . :I .I. ·.
·.. Nurnberof ~icres cov~red in.twei\/e. hour? pun,lping· ·• ·.
' ' .··· .· .. • ·.·
1"' ·
· Flow · ·. tt=1 ·..· .. n: 1 in · .· ·2 in . . 3 in ·. ·. 4 in ·. · • 6 in · Bin · 1O in 12 in .. !. .
b
· 1 · ·

gpm sec. · mill • deep. . deep deep · · deep · · .· deep ' · deep deep deep ·. '.

20
50
100
150
.0446
.1112
.. 2225
· .3345
6.68
13~37 ·.
.· 20.os.
.
1.328.
· 2'.96 .·
·. a:9a <
2.675
.
.664
·,.
· l,325
J.99J
.. .4425
. .883 ·
.
.. · .529
.332..
.

.6625
.2213 ·.
.

A42
· l.328 . ·. • :.995 . . ;-.664 ·. ·.. · <.4975 .
.• .2645
. .; 166...
. ~3313 ·
.1328
.265
· .398 ·.
·. ;·1105 ' '
_.

.221
.332
.. · ...
. .,,
..1765
;
.1324 .·
. ' · '
.08825
.
•.. .()6625
',• ..• ·
.0529
' ..
.04415
..
! !
' ' "'
.·
•.
.502 30.05 5.97.'. ' 2.985' .· 1.990 1.492 .. ·.. ' .994 ' . '.747 .· . .597 .4975 .. c: ·.
225 .ssa 40.01 7.96 · •... 3.9ao . - .2~655 . · 1.99 . · t.32T . ~995<. .796 . · . · .. 663 . ' I -
300
. '400'
,.891'
. 1.560 .
53.40 10.61
93.50 · · . 18:58. . · . >9;28
5.305 . ' 3'.535
> s~ 18
~~652·. 1.770
A.64 · 3.095
1.328>
· 2.32 ·· ·.
1.061
1 J358
.. 884 '
t.548. ·. ·. 1 ·
-e..
700 · . 2.008 · J 20.40 23:8s . . 11.95 . · · 7.96 ·. · s.97 · · 3.9a ; · :2.975 ·.•..·. 2.385 1.99 · . : ..
900
' 2.675 . 160.50 ' 31.82 . .· 15:92 : J0~6t .·.. 7.95, 5.305 .3.9Z5 . . 3:182 2.65 '· ' ' 'i D'
. 1200
1600 3.565
s.sa
' 213.50
· ·. 400.50 ..
42.35 . • ' 21.20.
19~50 .. 39.75 - ·
t4J5
26.50
10:61 >
19.88.
• 7.~075

13.25
'
.
5.305
9.94
4.235
7,95
2.535
6.625 .. ct>
s
3000 '' ' ' ' . . . , . . . . ·.. '. . . . . . Joo; .

4500 . 1o:o3 602.00 n 9.3o .. 59.70 .. 39..75 29.85 1s.90 1~._93· < 11.93 . · 9.9s ·. 0
13.36 · 802.00 159.10 . • 79.E)O ·. .. ..53.00 . · · 39.75· · 26.52. 18.89 15;91 .13,26 · ·~ ·
·6000
7000. 15.61 936.00 185.70 92.80 . 61.. 90 . . 46A5 .... 30.95 23;?0· . )a.ST .. J5A7 ·. ~·
18.95' 1137.00 . 225.50' . 112.80 ' : 75.20. ' 56:35 37.60 .. 28.19 < 22.55 . ' 18;79 ' -~
8500.' 22.25 . 1337.00 . 265.00 ' 13250 88.30 . ·. .. 66~25 .· 44.20 ' . 33.15. :26.50 . 22.10 . p...;
10000 31.15. 1871.00 371.00 185.50 123.70 92;75.> ', ' 61.80 ·.·.· 46.35 . ·. ' '.$7.10 30.95 ·.· ~ .
14000
' '
···=t:":
1 Acrefoot::: f acre covered to a· deptti of1 •
ft.= 43,560 ft3 ... ·.··
• • 1 •
(:>

0
~-
r-t- '
~

' '

-.. ~•·•1e,'*.:~ ·:· ~-" )thi.!:i~;~.:~~~~;+i.i."~Ji~~'.l1jl.f.·:~~·~r·i~\i~~'.i~~-:~i·:·~:.1fl.;.... ·..1r~·~e~~:~J~.,.~"11t._·. ::'itiU~-:~.:..\'.~:itf :; ·. ::·~ · .. ~ ~... ..~~~-
·
·-------- .
·- ! . ::· i,' •
.
1..
---'-----"'"--' ----··----· -

...... .-.,..-.._• ._.__..At•AIAtlAIAtl.,fl•• •

0
'• .'" >, <•• .:~~ .:..·~ ... ,.• -· •.:.;,,,;,.,;... ••. ~. /""""' ~ ~ /~ J'~--~•_,._...
••
1
..,/ ' , • , ·'.'"w"" _.·"• •: ") '- .·~ / '"""", j ./.,:....... • • '
 ., ...;

:-•
•
.....
For . ulas and Equivalents

";'.
·.··.;
·····--·-·.
;
·. Frequently Used Formulas and Equivalents

!.
4a .
'

'\
'
Velocity:
Q =AV or V = Q/A
V = 0.4085 gpm = 0.2859 bph = 0.00 8368 gpm = 0.001985 bph

.'E .
i ~-

···,
. ··,
·' ·where:
a2 a2 -n2 n2
E
'
"

... V · velocity of flow-· ftlsec

·l
Q = capacity-ft3/sec
....1
. A = area of pipe or· con.dµit-ft 2
.·. d =diameter of circular. pipe 1 r conduit-inches
· D . diameter of circular pipe or conduit-ft
_·· gpm = U S ·gallons per minute ..· .· · ·
bph = barrels per hour (42 gals · oil)
Velocity equivalents:
ft/sec x 0.3048 = sec ·
m/sec x· 3.2808 :__ fit/sec ·
Fluid flow-any liquid:
U S gpm x 0.002228 ·. ft 3/sec
U S gpm x 0.2271 = m3/hr
· US gpm x 0.227 =metric tons- per hour (water at
. . .· · . . . .· . appr!ximately 60°F)
mgd (U S) x 694.5 _ U S ~m . _ · · .
3
ft /sec x 448.83 = U S g-Pim
. . .m 3 /hr x 4A03 . U S m. . . .
U S gallon x 0.8327 · Imperi l gallons
Imperial gallons x 1.201 = U S g llons

.· . lb pe hr
gpm = (water at 60°F)
500 x p gr
. gpm -~·boiler p x 0. 069

Fluid flow-oil:
barrels x 42 =US gallons
barrels per hour x 0. 7 = U S gpm
barrels per day x 0.02917 =US gpm
U .S gpm x 1.4286 =barrels per hour
U. S gpm. x 34. 286 = barrels per day
2-13
 . . ' ' .. ' .· .. . ''
·.. re
.I· ·. . . • ,.

-.--fl~ln!le~soll·Dresser Pu,mPs Cameron Hyd£aulic Data · •••I~•

·Head and pressure: (For;vater at norrnal ternperatures (60°F)) .·. 1·;~,
· .· ..... · ·d . .f. · ·. ·. Head in psi x 2~31 ·•
Hea in eet = . ·· ·· ·
1
1 e•:·.•.,.
'4'•)
.. .·.·spgr..
. . .
·.
.,.,.·,··
-·;
.

·.· · · . · ·. Head infeetx sp gr . ·.

Head in psi = . · ·2.31
· . · .'
. ' . ' . ' ' '
.•. ..'
·~,If;!.
<;umping po\ver-See page 1-27 ·•· . . . . '<:·~:·~·
•
.~.· ~-·

'•:
. . . ·.. horsepower.x 550 · .·.ft-lb/sec
.·· x 33000 -:-ft-lb/min
x 2546 .· BTU/hr.
·. ·. >< 745.7; w~tts ·..... · .· . .•...
·x 0.7457 -:- kilowatts.· ·
. x 1.014'.
.. ·.
....
'.metric
. .
'
hofsepower'
. ·. .
.... '
..
·. · ·.1raf!,
'·.~
'·~
.$
~
.....
:.~.·~···
. '•
.l
.
l

'

gpm x H (in fee.t) x sp gr .· ·. ·. ·.. ··... "> •. ·. · .•

·. Brake hp.:.:.. ·.· .. · · . . . ·. •.·.· · . ·. . .. . . · . · . (centnfµgaltenmnology)
.

·.·. ·.· . · 3960 x efficlency · · · ... · .• · . ·. . ·. . · ·. ·.. ·. · · ·

. .
l.C1
i .•. ;
• 'Ir. ~

·. .. - •.· bIJh x H(in feetj)< Sp gt (centrifugal terminology) i.·.··.... f

·. 5657 x efficiency i ··).

·~

i .··.at/
'.

- gprn x psi· (reciprocatjngterntln<llogy) ·· ·~ C'

-1714Xeff ·.··.··. -. ·.·.. · ..·.. ·•·.·•··.···.·. ·. .

.- b!'>h x psi · (reciprocating te~inol~gy) •••. •·.

.i c:
··~C->·
-;
·2449x eff · · .,· ... ···· · · . ·.. · . ·.. ·· ·. · · ·· :1.'
.il· .. . ',, j
·~
~

Note: 'lb obtainJhe hydrau1ic)1oraepower from the .above expr~s-

/i . '•, .i
. .~· ·-
"~,.
'

. . . sions assume a pump ~fficiency ofloo'o/o .. ' '• ' ..

. In the above expressions: · · _ ·1<t'·1 . • -
.;~ ....
gpm US gallons per rninute d~livered (one gallon= 8.338 lb~ at ·
.

·l·t,
. :
·
· .·. . . 60 'Deg F. . . ... · . .· •·.· · .· .. ·. • .. ·.· .·.. · · . · · ·. ·.
bph =barrels •(42 gallons) per hour-· delivered . · 0.7gpm.
H = total head in feet of liquid-. differential · ·
psi= lb.per ·sq in- .. · differential
.
.
..C.
~·
:~
.~
:i ..•
'l ·' -
1 ..
sp gr~ specific. gravity· . ·. · · .·...· . · .··.· · ·. .
.· eff = efficiency expressed as a decimal .· ·. .· . >
~·
·Electrical hp input to motor • ·. ·. pump b~p . · .
. . . • · · . . · . .·. •.· ·.. ·. . · ·. :motor efficiency t11::
'~."
~
:~i ·.· \'
\ ..
'

"Kw . . . . · · ·•· ·. ···pump bhp x o. 7457 . t'

I
input to motor.~· · · · · . . ··!'

·· ··· · . motor efficiency

. 11.~fl
I ~-14
•
•.. "'\

•: ·.:.'.
For ulas and: Equivalents

•.
}-.
.\
.. .·.:
' .1 .. ,
..

:i.
..
\

....·).,
; . Torque-See page 1-35
.. . ·bhp x 5250
'Ibrque in lb-ft = ·- - - - - 1 - -
. rpm
· bhp = brake h rsepower

Specific speed-See page 1;;.19

rpm = revoluti ns per minute
I
. . · ··.rpmvgpm ·
Impeller specific speed= N 5 .. •
314
(See page 1-20)

where
~ . .

gpm · design capacity at bes . ·efficiency point

H = head per stage· at bes efficiency point
rpm . sp~ed
. · · · · · · · , •. · rpm gpm .
Suc.tion specific speed= S ~ (NPSHR) 314 (See page 1-21) .

where . ·
gpm = design capacity . at best efficie cy point for single suction
first stage impellers, or one ha f design capacity for double
. suction impellers.

Affinity laws (See page 1-30) ·

At constant impeller diameter:-(V . able speed)
RPMJ gprn 1 . \/IL··
- --
' RPM2. gprn2 · \IH;
At constant speed :-Vanable impeHe

2-15
 · . . 1~ ·lngersoll·Dresser Pumps .·..... Cameron Hydraulic Data ·. . •.•.
'. -~
(.
>;..::
..

___
Miscellaneous ·
_;,,;,_;,___;,____;,_....;.._ ___________ .. -----.. ~-:--
•....""":'""""'"'.'.'-:-~ .. - -- ... ·-"'
-,,,
Temperature equivalents: -:~\
.l ·.. )
Degrees ·rat
Degrees · Degrees l· •.
Fahren-
!~'
Kelvin Rankine Celsius heit
'a·)
·Absolute .zero ~ ........ .
•••· Water freezing point:.
. '0 0 . ~ 273.15
. .- .
-'- 459.67 1.,.
~·
:

(14.696ps~a101.325 ·
. ·
KPa) ....< .. :..• ~ ..... < . 273.15 . 491.67 .0 32 ·91/
· .· Waterboilingpoirit: .•. . .• ··. · ·. ·.·.
. (l4.696psia101.325 .· . - . .

KPa). • ;:· ~ .. ~· -...'. .............·.. . 373.15 . 67L67.

.

100 212
·.··· ...

.·.··~

. . ~i
.· t.··i·
:'·(· .)
Celsius/Fahrenheit ·collversio;s: > . · 1 · . ' .~
Deg C .· . 5/9 (°F ~·· 32). ·. )
! •'
. ·- ),
~

· · · Deg F · 9/5 ~c + 3?. "

·.l~
. . ·. . . . .
....
;
Nu.~b~ (R): {see page 1-4) .··• . . .
·. Reynolds
.. . . . .·_,.
. ; ·. ('.
·.·~ ._.;
--.. -~ >- .~' - L~ • c~
~~_. !~ ·~ ---' -·- -'-· . -·.•. ---. -------l --i···.-.'j
- - "' • _ c- ' · ~J

.V . A~e~~ge: v~lo~ity-ftl~~c . . !i.• -...'.

· D ·. ·Average internal·diatn~ter-ft . . . ~ '1r'
· ~- _:. ·~·
-·1··:
·.· .v = Kinelliatic viscosity of the fluid---ft 2 /sec (For pure fresh water ·.
· · at 60°F. v == 0.000 O 01216 ft 2 /sec.) · · i '1t
'~
Darcy-Weisb<ich. (see page. 3-3) . . . . . .. .· ... · ~·~·
v
·- ;f .
. . . . . •, . . '
. .~.. :'

.· .. ·· . ·. · L 2 .. · . . ·. ;:~
:I! '
. ·.

hr=f-.·. · - .

Hazen and Williams (see page 3~7) ·

··· D 2g.··.··
·1 f
Jf. . ·9'
'
... h 1 - 0. 002083 L ( l ~O
. . .
f"' .
x g:.~:~:·
. .
".}
·:~

.'Z
~!
:~
...-::
. •..
i.,

. g~:.
..

..•
&
NOTE:. For selected. arithmetrical and geometrical formulas refer
. to .page 7-3
:~r
...,.·.. ·1··· . '

11 1·_··
;~fl
· . . i

I
:~i '04;• '

2-16 .
 •.. :,
..

..,·:··
9,
' .
: -..
..

:
'.

___ ,,._
·, ..

%<'. ·. .

1·._, I \
)

' SECTION 3 ......

i· . . ;

•> - FRICTI OJ \f ,.... IJ

1~ .. ~ " "
·'

--
I
.. '

--) '

. ' ...
I,
'
.
/
1'

..
)
,;

.
.

.
'
.

. ' .
7
' . ' '

'

'

:
'
.
z: ·r
_, ...
_,

'

,.
·- .

- - - -

._;:·I
- . -- - . .. -

J
I
i:
•~
.·

,I
:·".>.
..,.
;

-:; )

•1.l; I~
ti (·
1
')
lngersoll·Dresser Pumps I

6;,I
. ,,. r
•l1
.,.,.
, 'f;

·~
j

•~t j~

-.-1~1·
·t-.

•hti\,i 3-1
e"'
.·. ·. ·· I ) lngersoll-~resser Pumps .·.. Camer~n Hydraulic Data .•
. . .·' .. . . . . ·-,: ·. ·..·.. _ . . .· ·. . : :_· .· .
.. ·.: . . . . . . . . "

·.··coNtENTSOF SECTION 3.
· Friction· Data:

·•·• ..•. F~iction ~o~spririciples . •·

·.·:· . . '
~
. , •. , . .....•........ , ...... r:r
.· ··· Hazen a!ld Williams Formula .... ·. . . . . .· ... · . . . ·. ~ ·. >; ... ~ . . 3- 7 ·. ·
Exam~le ffeitdloss C~lcUlation ' . . . . . . . . . : . , ' . . . . .3-9 to 3-lO

· Moody di~gram-Reynolds Nos. Versu~ Friction · . . . .

· Factor Chart .. ·.:.; ...·; ~ .. ·. >;.; .... <~ .... ;•: ~ .. , ... 3-11

· Friction of wat()tin cast irori and steel pipe . . . . . .<. • 3-12 to. 3-34

Friction ofwater in•copper tubirig.·and brass pipe.·..... ·.. $.-34to. 3~48

' .. ' . . . .·
· · ·. Friction
.
()f. viscous
. .
_liquids
·. - .
~ ..
. ·.
hi pipes ....
. .
~· ....
. .
: .....•
. .. . .. . . -
3-48 'to 3-88 . . . .

. . .· ,.

·..· *General Information-Pulp and Pap~r Industry •... 3-103to 3-110 •.

.··Friction· or w~ter-v~l~es and fittings,: ..•... ! • • • • . . • ·•·• 3~110 to 3-122 ·.

Friction of water-valves ·and fittings in terms equivalent .· . . . .
length
. .
straight pipe:
. . .
.. •.....
.
; ..•
.
~· ..... •.. ~·· ... 3-120 to
. ·.
3-121 . .
.

. Friction-·.·· viscous~iquids-valves and fittings ......... •.... 3-122

* NOTE:. Pages3-103 through 3-109 arelocated b:1 this section (fol- .
lowing Paper Stock Friction Data) for convenience and
ready refere nee. . ·

I
 Friction

Friction Losses 1 Pipe-·· ·

· The resistance. to flow as a liquid is .m ved through a pipe results ·
in a loss of head or pressure and is call d friction (measured in feet
of liquid). This resistance to fl.ow is due to iscous shear stresses within
the liquid and turbulence that occurs ong the pipe walls due to
roughness.
The amount of head loss for a giv n system depends on the
characteristics of the liquid being handle ; i.e. viscosity, size of pipe,
condition (roughness) of pipe's interior .s rface and length of travel;
also loss through various valves, fittings, etc. (see page 3-110).
A vast amount of research has been onducted to determine the
amount of friction. loss for different con itions, . and various expres-
I
sions based on experimental data have b en developed for calculating
friction loss. The expression most 'com only used in present day
practice and the one on which -the tabl s in this book are based. is
the. *Darcy-Weisbach equation .. This ~ rmula recognizes that pipe
· friction is depentj.ent on conditicm (roughn ss of pipe's interior surface),
internal diameter of pipe, velocity .of li uid and its viscosity. It is ·
.expressed ·as: ·
. . L y2
hr= f -
D 2g
where
hr - friction loss-ft of liquid ...
L = pipe length-. feet · ·
D = average inside diameter of pipe_-fi et
V =average pipe velocity in ft/sec
g gravitational constant (32.174 ft/sec )
f =friction factor-a dimensionless I1! mber which has been de-
·termined experimentally and for t~rbulent flow depends on the
. roughness of the pipe'sjnterior sur1ce and the Reynolds number
· (see page 3-5). . · . · .
For laminar (viscous) flow (Reyno}, s number below 2000) the
roughness or condition ofthe pipe's i terior surface has no effect
.(except as it affects the cross sectional area) and the friction factor
<D becomes: '64
f
R
For turbulent flow (Reynolds num er above 4000) the friction
factor is affected by both the roughnes of the pipe's interior surface
•. AJso known as the Fanning _Formula.

3-3
 !: ',· .
·r•
...
I ·~. lnge~soll·Dres~er Pumps·. .. Cameron HydrauliwData
·;~

......
______,·

·.,

·. and· the Reynolds Number ~~d can be determined from an. equation
.·developed by C. F. Colebrook (1939); i.e. · · ·· · ··
. -·.
.·.a•'. ··~·
.(

. . :
Ii
&•}
. :

. 1 · ... ·•·· ·.. · ·.. ( E . ·+ 2... 51.•·)· .

. \If . .: 2 'logio \ 3.7D .R Vf ••••
· where . . .
It;'
• ·

. IL. Re~Old;!l NUffi~r

· · f = Friction Factor . .
V.v·D······················. .
. .... · ·· · . . ..
.·.··· .·· .
' ' '
.
< · Ii '.;···.
fl
i

· .. E .A.f;s()lll.te Rotigltnflss2-..cinr~et---(SeeJoiloW:ing t~ble) · ..•·• fj •

.·.·. : . D ·.· Iilf3ide diameter of pipe---:-ft : ·.· .·. · <. ~. .
··.· y:· .····Average.pipe·veloc~ty-. ft/sec ···
·
.. 1
2
. v -:- Kinernatic .VJscosity~Jt /sec . . .· . . . . . . ·. . . . . ·. . ) : .a.;
Since the Colebrook equation is non-f~ctorable in f, awkward and . ···.···. · · . .
· diffi<!ult fo solve 1.the \Ta!ue of. fmaY be obJ;a.inlld ftoin a graph or ·.. ·.,~. $'.~. 1
chart·· developed :by L. ·F0: Moody (ASME ·. 1944) .and included. here.in •· .· • · 1 ,..
· ·. on page 3•11. Thi§· graph shows the relation' between the frjc~ion · · · ·.·. ~ . . .v
· ·.. factor f, th~ Reynolds Number·. R, an Cl the relative roughness e/D, · ·.,,. 1. . ,
. . where e is the absolute roughness in feet. and D is the pipe diarileter
. in feet; Note that for .convenience the relative roughness is used il'l · ·. l •)·1 4
. developing the graph on page 3-lL . < < .· ·.... · ·.·.·.·.·. .·.·. ·.. ·....· ··•·· .· ·. • •..····..... . 'i~ ·~
~; F
•However, to avoid possible errors in reading the friction facto!:" f
• from.the Moody graph the friction loss -.datha pres.ented ·in .th~ tables·.·.· ..........·«.·".~.•:.·,:, ..· flj
on pages 3-12 to 3~88 were calculated mat ematica11y ,(programmed '
· on, a digitaLcomputer) basis the f0Howh1g assumptioAs: ....···•·• ·.. · · .
. ·..·(a) Turbulent Flow-.· Reynolds Numbers above 2000 except as not~d .. ·.·
-~ 1
lr1 ·...,:~
• ·. ' i
a
.• •. ·. .· .. (~ee pages1-4and 1-5). · .· ·. ·.·.·.·.·· . ·.·•· . ·. · < .·· .• · ...· i; ' '
Ii .:
< · •. · ..• · ••. · ·•··. •

(b) Absolute Roughness Parameters (E).-· of 0;00015 for new. ~lean

steel :pipe (schedulesas listed) and().0004 for new asphalt dipped . 11; A<
cast iron· pipe; and ·O~ 000005 for smo.oth copper tubing and brass· · ··1~ '

·· · •. (c)
' '•',
~~~;r Fri~tioT!-Pages
' ''' . '
3-12 to 3-48 based oil pure fresh water at
' ' a temp~rature of6,Q°F (15.6 °C); Kinematic, viscosity (v) = <0.000'
' ' '
.·
• l I.
'tl'
1
'~·,
ti:
'
012 16 ft 2 /sec (1.130 Centistokes.) It should be noted that since ll ,,
·!~: fr~~1~~~~a~i:~:::s:a!~~e:~~::c:~~
·. · two temperature extremes .. · ... · · . ·.
::40! ~!t!°e=~~:
. · · ·· ·.· ' .. · · ·
2
· li ·. .
·Ei
(d) Viscous Liquids-Friction-· Pages 3-48 to 3""88, absolute roughness ·.·ii. -
parameter of 0.00015 for new clean. steel pipe-schedules as . ·· Ii .· 1·,
. Flist~9 (see. ~sco~ity discussion Jlage 4-23). . ..
or pipes wit· ot er absolute roughness parameters see the follow-
ing table.
. · ·..·
· :~
.. g-;1
11
·i ·~
1
. ·.·.

Ir-. •
 Friction

Absolute
Type. of pipe roughness*
(new, clean, condition) e (in feet)

Drawn tubing-glass, brass, plastic 0.00'0005

Commercial steel or wrought iron . 0.00015
Cast iron-asphalt dipped 0.0004
Galvanized iron 0.0005
Cast iron-uncoated 0.00085
Wood stave 0.0006-0.0003
Concrete 0.001-0.01
Riveted steel 0.003-0.03
* Basis data from Hydraulic Institute En.gi eering Data Book .

. . To obtain friction loss in pipes having 0 her roughness parameters,

the applicable friction factor can be obt · ned from the Moody chart
on page 3-11 and then,.if desired, che ed for accuracy with the
Colebrook formula. In usingthe Moody hart on page 3-11 the rela:.·
,tive roughness (e./D) is used where "e." i the absolute roughness in
·feet and "D" is the pipe diameter in feet. · · .
. Friction losses for pipe sizes between t ose listed in the tables may
be found with reasonable accuracy usin a ratio of the fifth power
of the diameters; thus
Desired friction ·loss in pipe B
. . . d' A. 5
. f . . 1 .. .
. = Known r1c ·ion oss in pipe A ( . ia
. ·)
· · . . . · .-
. .
. d1a B
Use of a general multiplier· to. correct t e head loss shown in these
tables to head loss for pipes of other roil hness characteristics is not
recommended, or safe; multipliers can b developed, but they would
apply accurately to only one flow or cap city. Instead the best· pro-
cedures. to follow is to: Calculate the a~plicable Reynolds Number,
select the applicable friction factor from he Moody Chart and use it
in the Darcy formula to determine the h ad loss desired.
The effect of aging and the allowanc s that should be made in
estimating friction loss is beyond the ·sco e of this discussion. It will
depend on the particular properties of he fluid being handled and
its effect on· the interior pipe surface; an safety factors to allow for
this effect must be estimated for local con itions and the requirements
of each particular installation.
CAUTION-Since the friction loss da a in the tables in this book
are calculated on the basis of the roughn · ss parameters for clean new
pipe with no allowances ·for aging, m nufacturing tolerances and
other conditions which may· cause var'ations of the interior pipe
3-5
 . . . .
.. .~ ... :.:'

l~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data ·

. '· '.,
. . ' ' '' . ' '. . : . ·. ' ',' ·: ' .

surfaces, it ·is ~tiggested that for ~ost comm~tcial design purposes

a safety factorof 15 to 20% be added to the values in the tables.
For .a more detailed discussion· of friction loss· calculations and
the various items· that should be considered, reference is suggested.
to the Engineering Data Book of the Hydraulic Institute; also to Crane
·Technical P__aper NO; 410. See pag~ 1-47 for bibliography. .
For convenient .reference for.mulas used in connection with the
Darcy~Weisbach/ Colebrookin~thod are:.· · · ·
· Head Loss ·
- . . .. .

· L V . ·.....0.03112·.
2
.. L(gprn)
. .
2 . . . · 0.0153 L(bp.h) 2 .. · · ..•. LV 2 .
. f . . . . . .. . .f ., .
hr= f - - - ·. f ...... :.d5... . ' ·. , ·. . . d5 . . . '. .. . . ·.. ·
D 2g .. ··.. , · . . ·. ".. · .. 4m2g
. Friction. Factor (f): (also see graph page 3-11.} ' .•...... ·. · .· ..
.·. ·. ·. .•·:.•· · · .· ···~. >.21og,.(:a.;p·. ~··.~~] •· . .· . ·
,• . ·.. •.· ' ' .. •, ...· ... · ·'·····. : .·.... 64
F oi R 1t!ss th~n 2000(lamiri~t ftoW); f .· .· R .· .·.
: . . ~- .' ' : . . :

Reynolds Number:
. · _ VD ~· . VDp .· 3162(gpm) •· 2214(bph)
. R-- .. - - -
, •· . v , µ. 32.174 dk .· dk
· ..· · _.. · _.· . ·. ·.·. . .......... ·... 2799.5(~m) .
R (water at 60°F) = .· . ·
. '
. .. '
. ..
·... : '
.• . ' .
d· . ' ..

.· Velocity: ·
· v. 0.40S5(gpm) . · .·. o.2859(bph)
. :· . 'd2
'
. . '. d2 ·.
• • ,; .. I , ,

. . . .· .

· V elocitf Head:
- . : ' ' . ' . . ' . . . . .
' ... ' ,. ' '

0.00259(gpm) ~-. 0.00127(bph)2

2 2
hv= V · O.OlS 5V2
. 2g . . .·. .. . ·, .· d4 .·:. . . . . .· d 4 ,

SYMBOLS USED IN FORMULAS, PAGES 3-6-~nd 3-7

. ,

bph =fl.ow ofliquid, barrels (42 gal) per hour .

.·.d . . ·inside diameter· of circular pipe-· inches
C · Friction Factor for Hazen & Williams.·.
D .-:.·inside diameter of circular pipe-·· feet. .
f= Darcy~ W eisbach friction factor, dimensionless.
 Friction

g = acceleration ofgravity, ft/sec 2 (tak n as 32.174 ft/sec 2 in making

conversions). ·. ·. · · . .
hr = head loss due. to friction, ft of liquf d
e =absolute roughness in feet-see page 3-5
hv.= Velocity head-ft of liquid
·k = kinematic· vis.cosity, centistokes = z
s
2
1· . kinematic viscosity,-ft /sec
L = length of pipe including equival nt length for loss through
fittings-ft
.
m = hy drau11c ra ius =
d' fl.ow
·
area
. . . = ft
.· 1
· . . · wetted·. .
perime er . .

· . (use. in calculating fl.ow in open ch nnels or unfilled pipes)

.P . density ·at temp. and press. at w ·ch liquid is flowing, Ib/ft 3
gpm = flow of liquid, gallons per minute. · · · ·
µ. . absolute or dynamic viscosity, lb- ec/ft 2
V . :. . velocity of flow, ftJsec · · · ··· .
s:... density, g/cma (water at 4°C or 39.2°F ~ LOOO)
z = absolute or dynamic viscosity-· c ntipoises ·
HAZEN AND WILLIAMS
Although the Darcy-Weisbach/Colebr ok ·method (on which . the·
tables in ·this book· ·are based) offers .a rational. mathematical solu-
tion to·. friction· loss calculations ·.(since it .can be applied to any
liquid.· except plastics· and those. carryi g. suspended· solids) some·
engineers prefer to . use one of the m y empirical formulas that
have been developed for water flowing u der turbulent conditions. · ·
Of these, the most widely used and ccepted is the ·Hazen and
··Williams empirical formula since it is c01 venient to use and experi-
ence has show.·n that it produces reliaje results. In a convenient
form it reads: .· · , ·
. . . ( 100 ')·1.8 . gprpl:B~;
.. .
d
hr= 0.092083 .~: C: . · x . 4 .865 5 .
.. ' . . .:t'" ; .
This formula is basis a fluid having a kinematic viscosity, v -
0.000 012 16 ft 2 /sec (1.130 centistokes) o · 31.5 SSU which is the case
for water at 60°F. But since the viscosi y of water can vary appre-
ciably ·from 32 °F ·to 212 °F the friction an decrease or increase as
much as 40% between the two temperat re extremes. However, this
formula can be used for any liquid hav ng a viscosity in the range
of 1.130 centistokes.
Values of C for various types of pipe "th suggested design values
are given in the following table with co responding multipliers that
can be appliec;l, when appropriate, to ob ain approximate results.
. . . . . . ~7
, ... , ....
I) lnge'5011·Dresser Pumps
, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..._ _ __.,.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _"!"!""_ _ _------~-
Cameron Hydraulic Data
•' . ' ' ~ ''

, Hazen and Willi(imS---·Friction Factor C** .

Values of C

-_ Range'"'."": --- Average

Type of pipe High= best, value Commonly
smooth, tor - used
welllaid- clean. value for
Low ::·poor new design
-or corroded pipe purposes

Cement.....;._Asbestos ......•...... : .........•.... • 1so..;140 -• - 150 140

Fibre . ~-· .. -.-.... , ....... -. ..... -. ............. .- .. , 150 140
Bitumastic-enamel-lined iron-o~.steel . ,- .
_ centrifugally applied_.; .. -: .. ;,.~:::., ... :· ..... , '160-130 148 140,
- --- CemenMined iron or steel centrifugally _ -~-
, ·applied .. -:;:: ... -. ._.. _-. ...... : ......... : .. '.;~-.·.. -.• 150 140
· --. Copp7r~ brass, lead. tin or glass pipe and _.-. _. •- -
·tubing -. ........·... ; .. -. _._ ..... ., ........... : ....... ._ 150-120; 140 130

woOci·sta~e ; .. : , .. :·.... ; . . :.-.; ...... : ........ . 145-.110.,- .·•·120· 110

WeJded and ~ea~less.steel .... : ..•. ; ... --·•·1so-eo ' : ..
',
130 , , 100'.,
- Interior riveted_ steel (!lo projecting .
rivets) ..--.•. ,- ..... ~-~ ..... ·.. -. ... :- ... ,-;'; ... -. ._ ...... 139 100
Wrought~iron; C.ast.;iron ...... ; ...... ,_. ~ ... : .. 150-80 '_130' ,100_
Tar-coated ca5t-iron ~ •• :. : .. , .•.• '. •.... ~ ..... . 145-50 . ,• 130, 100

Girt_h·rlveted steel (projecting rivets i~ girtp --

' seams only) ...... : ......... , ............. : .. 130 , 100 ,
Concrete . : .•.•. ; ....... •· . ; .. : ....... : ; . ; ..... . , ,, . 152-85 _ .- 12Q , ! 100, "'
Full~riveted steel (projecting rivets in girth :_
- and horizontal seams) .. ; ...... ; . : .... , , .... . 115 100
Vitrified. Spiral-riveted steel (flow with lap) ..... . 110 1()0

·Spiral-riveted steel (flow against lap) ; , .... : . , .. ; 100 90

Corrugated steel ............................. . 60 , .60 .··

"
Values ~f C . . .
-,

.. . . . . ......
"
'~ ....
•
. 150 140 130 120. 11.ci 100 · .eo ao , 70 60,
. . :.:.
·Multiplier (Basis C. -- 100). ..... ~47 :s4 " ;62
.
,-,

.71 .
, .84 1.0 1.22
.
, 1.50
.
,1,93
.
,' 2.57 ..
. '

. ,;. Multiplier to cor~ct friction loss .tables (in previous editions-:c 14th Edition_ and earlier); cannot be used with ta_bles in ·..
this book which are based on the Darcy~Welsbach-Colebrook formula. -· - · - · ·- __
• • Note: the Hazen WillialT)s friction factor "C" must not be confused with the Darcy-Welsbach-Colebrook friction
factor "f'~; these two friction factors are not iry anyway related t() each other. · · - -
 .
-.·,
'•-,:-

,.,,.i~
·Friction
:~
i '·1'
·'
Friction -head loss--sample calculatio :

,,,!:, •
I
To illustrate the application of the fri tion and head loss data in
calculating the total system ·head for a s ecific system the following
example is offered:
tt,·
:\'"'...,,·.
........
.
Problem-referring to the accompan · g figure, page 3-10, a pump
takes water (68°F) from a sump and deli ers it through 1250 feet of
4" diameter schedule 40 steel pipe. The $uction pipe is ·. 4" vertical 5

! feet long and includes a foot valve and a long-radius elbow. The dis-
'• . '

charge line includes two standard 90 de ee flanged elbows, a swing . ,

..
)
'
.
check valve and an open wedge-disc g te ·valve. It is required to llill
'C:,". .
la''. '
find the suction lift (hJ and the dischar e head (hd) when the rate
of flow is 200 ·gpm.

Solution·

i
' ';

'
:\'
; (a)· SUCTION LIFT-Data from table o page· 3-20.
\ .
!

. . v2
. Velocity
..
head = ·-
2g
= .395 ft ·

Pipe friction.loss hr= 2.25 ft per 100 t of pipe.

The resistance coefficient for. the ot valve (page 3-115) is .
K . 1.3 and
.
for the. long-radius. elbo.w (p ge 3-112) is K = . 0.27.
'

.The head 'loss. due to pipe friction wi be:

. .. 5
hr= 2.25 X - = .11 ft
100
The head loss in the foot. valve and I ng-radius elbow will be:
. v2· . .
hr= K - = (1.3 + 0.27) x .395 = 0.62 ft
. 2g .

Total suction lift (hs) = (28.62 - 24. 0) + 0.62 + 0.11 = 5.35 ft

(b) DISCHARGE HEAD-The head lo s due to pipe friction in the

4" discharge line will be:
1250
hr= 2.25 X - .- 28.13 ft
100
3-9
 . ·. '· ....... .:

.I) lngersetH·Dresser Pumps ·.. Camefon Hydl"aulic Data

. OPEN TANI( ,

f:"'£NT

'265' .·
·. L
I

' .· ·. SWl~G CHECK ·VALVE ' '' '' ' - ··,,. ', .:

",,~""''" ~...., ••.•I << • • .• ••· · .· .·•· •· ·-· .·....·-._ ··-· , '· \- ·_ .
. ALL ~I PE 1.5 NEW <\~INCH
' ; STO. ~TEEl..._;,SCHEOUL..E 40 ' ' '

·.·.•.The resistance coefficienffor the· Various fittings as· obtained from •··. ·
the ·tables wilLbe: • ·· · · · · . . . ·.· .. . ·. . . . .•
· St~ndard, 9Qdegree ftanged elbow (pg. 3-112) K 0.51.·· ·· . '
Swing check valve (pg. 3-115) .· . ·· . . K L 70
Wedge-disc gate vah7e (pg~ 3~111) .· • ·. ·. K = 0.14 · ·
Sudden enlargement (pg. 3-116 to .3-llsr · K 1.00 =
. The total resistance coefficient for the fittings on the discharge
side and sudden·enlargernent exit will be:. ' ' at
K 2 x 0.51+l.70+·0.14+1.0-S.86'
. Therefore· the ·head. loss due to the fittings on the discharge side •.
and sudden enlargement Will be: .· . . . · ·
.· .. ·. v2. . .. . . ..
hr=' K -··
2g = 3.86 x 0.395 .~ 1.52' ft
The total discharge hea~ (hc1) will be: .
' 'hd ' (289. 00 - 28. 62)+ 1.52 + 28.13 = 290 ft .·
Total system head (H) = hd + hs - 290 + 5.35 = 295 ft
Add a reasonable safety factor to allow for any abnormal condition
of pipe's interior or surface (see page 3-5). · ·

~-10
 Friction

Friction Factors for Com ercial Pipe

(for Darcy-Weisbach formul , page 3-:3)
RelaUve· Roughness

..,..,
-t-1"-+tl++:t-H!t-++++-l-+-H-+-.......4-11-+-H+-++-lll-+l!++t--t-t--1H-i--lt--t-t-+Ml-+-t-t"1·~ 8
:t=t=t:lltt:t:E!t:ttt:t:l::ttt::t=t:tl~t:t:ltt:tt:~mta::t::~~~~Et~~:a~..,..,
+-+-+--1-t-+----1- ~-1-.tL-+-~"-+i,._I._
~ II

...
QJ
..0
E
:::3
z
"'
"'O
Q
c:::
>.
QJ
0::::

-t-t--lt--t+H--H--HF-l-~-l--lf-~++..j.-1.+- ~Ni~.t'Ft-t-+-+-t--t--+--t--t--t-t-;-4=
t-t++--!-t-H.........-+-+-t++--tr.-+...~i-1-+--l-l-+-lr-+-1--111-tHY-;N"J~+t+-;--t--t-t--11--t--t-~-+--+-1'-I~

f Friction Factor
Moody diagram. (V. L. Streeter, "Fluid ~lechanics." 5th ed. Cop)right 1971 b~· McGraw-Hill Book Company.
New York)
,\' ole: Chart shows relation of relative roughnb:::<-EID where Eis abs lute roughne:,;11 in feet anrl Dis diameter in feet.

3-11
 , , -. ·- ... -.- , '··•I
--1) lngersoll•Dresser PUltl('s _Ca~eron Hydratilic Data _ _ ~=
Friction-of
(Based
water --· ... ·-New steel Pipe
on.. Darcy's
. . .
Formula) _.
.
Y4 Inch
..
.
-~e::
•;~)

US
.
Standard wt steel-· sch 40

0.364" inside ctia ·

.. .. :

·- _._Extra strong steel-sch 80

Flow - 1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r - - - - _ , . . - - _ , . . _ , . ._ _ _~
. 0.302" inside. dia
.

;;ee.
..••.ea·..
gal
per Velocity.. Velo'city · Head loss · ·Velocity Velo_cify Head toss
min _. · ft per :sec ·head~ft ft per 1.00 ft ft per ~e.c head·{t . .ftpedOOft / ;,

0.4 ,' .-'1.23 0~024 ·•· ', - 3.7- .·-. - ' .; ·. · -1 ;79 .· ·.. 0.05 .···._· ·9.18 ',
}

1s.o·._ ·
··-lC,·
0.6 ,.. 1.85' -. '0.053 ' ' • -· · - 7.6 2.69. - (U 1 .-.
-•o.s '2;47 .0.095 12.7 3.59 ' 0.20· ' ·32.3
.1.0 .3.08 -.- 0;148 .--__ - ·- < 19~1 • - .. - · · 4A8 0;31 -. _ _ '.48.8 ' ._- - -.
' >1.2 '3.70 ,' 0;213 .- ' 26.7:'· .·.··.-5.38 0045 - 68;6 .•.

1.4
1.6
1.8 '
2.0
2.4 _ -
4~32
' 4;93. ·.·
'5.55-
--6.17
7.40 '
' -
0.290 .
.0 ..378 -
' ·. 0 . 479·· .-
'' 0.591 '
·- .0.850 ;
' .35.6--
- 45.6 .. -• - •---·< 6.27·
' 56.9
. ' . ·.69~4·· ...... '•
98.1
7~17 -
_- _8.Q7
.·

·a.96· •
10.75 '
--' '1.01-'
1.25
':1.79
. 0.61
' 'o.ao _. . •.
'91.7
11~.1
147.7 -..,
180.7'
'256'
-
' ,.-
·•t Cl~
·~
-
'~··

2.8 '8.63.,. _1.157 ' 132'.' ' . 12.54 ' .·, 345>. --~
< •• _,'•.
; \ ... . .~ .
····~
..)
.J>~

' tai

. :'. %. Inch
.. i.

. ·.·.. ,·
' 2:
- ·-· -:_• Extra strong ~teal-· sch 80 - · -.·- ·--·~
Flow
U
gal
s ··
Standard wt steel-·.sch 40
1--..--..,..,..,.----.---...~------,.-----r-----.--,--~-~----.-~-....."""'--
0.493" insi~e ciia -_ ·: 0.423" inside dia .-
·.· _./ 91
·C'
per -Velocity·. Velocity Head loss · Velocity - . Velocity HeacUos$ --. -.- ---
min ft per sec head-ft ft per 100 ft ftper sec head;.ft ft~er100 ft

0.5 ' '0.84 ' 0.011 -· 1~26 .•--- 1.l4 0.02 ' ·2.63 '"·.-2·-··
·,:.·
-
.

- 1.0 1.68' 0~044 ' _.4.26 · ... 2.28 -.. 0.08 s.os-· ~-"

Ict
1.5 - ·.,2.52 - 0.099. ·.· -8.85 ' - 3.43 - 0.18 '· ..• 19.0 '
2.0 3.36 - ' 0.176 15.0- 4.57 - 0.32' 32.4
2.5 ·4.20 0.274. _22.7 -5.71 '' .0.51 ' ' .. 49~3 -

3.0 5.04. '0.395 ·.--· 32.0 '' ·- s~as­ 0.73 ·. '69.6 f

3.5
·4.0
5.0
6.0
'5:88
6.72
.8.40
10.08
0.538
0.702
1.097
.1.58
' 42;7
55.0 '
.84.2
119
. 8.00-·
··•. R14
11.4
' 13.7
··. 0.99
1.30
2.0 '
2~9 ' '
93.3 -.
120. - -
185
··253
):.
c--.-
-

.
Calculations ori pages 3-12 to 3-3.4 are by Ingersoll-Rand Co.

Note: No allowance has been made

.
..
for
.
'
.
age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
.
.
. . . . .
. ..

I
II··
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerCial design purposes a saft:ity factor of 15 to·
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3·!?· . · ·

3-12 '
 .. ------------
Friction
Friction of Water New Steel P pe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Forml la)
1/2 Inch
Standard wt steei-sch 40 .Extra
.
strong steel-sc I h 80 Schedule 160

.622" inside dia .546" inside dia .464" inside· dia

Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Ve1ocity loss Veiodty Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
0.1- 0.739 .008 0.74 .96 .01 1.39
1.0 1.056 .017 1.86 1.37 .03 2.58 1.90 .056 1.68
1.5 L58 .039 2.82 2.06 .07 5.34 2.85 .126 5.73
2.0 2.11 .069 4.73 2.74 .12 9.02 3.80 ;224 12.0
2.5 2.64 .108 7.10 3.43 .18 13.6 4.74 .349 20.3

3.0 ·3.17 .156 . 9.94 4.11 .26 19.1 5.69 .503 30.8
3.5 3.70 .212 13.2 4.80. .36 25.5 6.64 .684 43.5
4.0 .. 4.22 .277 . 17.0 5.48 .47 32.7 7.59 .894 58.2
4.5 . 4.75 .351 21.1. . 6.17 .59 .,a:s 8.54 1.13 .75.0
s.o 5.28 .433 25.8 6.86 .73 50.0 9.49 1.40 94.0

5.5 5.81 :524 30.9 7.54 .. 88 . 59.9 10.44 1.69 115

6.0 .6.34 .624 36.4 8_23 1.05 70.7 11.38 2.01 138.
6.5 6.86 ·.732 42.4 9_91 ·1.23 82.4' .. 12.33 2.36 163
7.0 7.39 .849 48.8 . 9.60 1.43 95.0 13-28 . 2.74 190
. 7.5 . 7.92 .975 55.6 10.3 1.6 ~09.' 14.23 3.14 . 220

. 8.0 8.45 1.109 63.0 . 11 .o 1.9 123

8.5 8.98 1.25 70.7 , , .6 2~ 1 138
9.0 . 9.50 1.40 78.9 12.3 2.4 ~54
9.5 10.03 1.56 87.6 13.0 . 2.6 P1
10 10.56 1.73 96.6 13.7 2.9 ~89.

¥4 Inch
Standard wt steel-sch 40 Extra strong.steel-sc1 80 Steel-schedule 160

.824"inside dia. .742"inside dia . .612" inside dia

Flow
us Head· ~ead .· Head
gal Velocity Velocity ·loss· Velocity Velocity . loss Velocity Velocity loss
per f1 per head ft per f1 per head .ft per ft per head ft per
min sec f1 100 ft sec ft ~OD ft sec ft 100 ft

1.5 0.90 .013 0.72 1.11 .02 1.19 1.64 .042 3.05
2.0 1.20 .023 . 1.19 1.48 .03 1.99 2.18 .074 5.12
2_5 1.50 .035 1.78 1.86 .05 2.97 2_73 .115 7.70
3.0 1.81 .051 2.47 2.23 .08 4.14 3.27 .166 10.8
3.5 2.11 .069 3.26 2.60 .11 5.48 3.82 .226 14.3

4.0. 2.41 .090 4.16 2.97 .14 7.01 4.36 .295 18.4
4.5 2.71 .114 5.17 3.34 .17 8.72 4.91 .374 22.9
5.0 "3.01 .141 6.28 3.71 .21 10.6 5.45 .462 28.0.
6 3.61 ... 203 8.80 4.45 .31 14.9 6.54 .665 39.5
7 4.21 .276 11.7. 5.20 .42 19.9 7.64 .905 53.0

a 4_81 .360 15.1 5.94 .55 25.6 8.73 1.18 68.4

9 . 5.42 .456 . 18.8 6.68 .69 32.1 9.82 1.50 85.8
10 6.02 .563 23.0 7.42 .86 39.2 10.91 1.85 105
11 6.62 .681 27.6. 8.17 1.04 47.0 12.00 2.23 126
12 . 7.22 .722 32.5 8.91 . 1.23 S5.5 13.09 2.66 149

13 7.82 .951 37.9 9.63 1.44 64.8 14.18 3.13 175

14 8.42 1.103 43\7 10.4 1.7 74.7 15.27 3.62 202
.16 9.63 1.44 56.4 11.9 2.2 96.7 17.45 4.73 261
18 10.8 1.82 70.8 13.4 2.8 21
20 12.0 2.25 86.8 14.8 3.4 149

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diametE r, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be ~stimated from the local c ~ndition~ and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see p;;ige 3-5.

3-13
 . . . '

.I ) lnger;oH·Dresser Pumps
. .. . ' . ' -' - ,. .
Camero~ Hydraulic Data
' .~ . . . . ' ' . ' .

Friction of Water . New Stee!Pipe (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·
\ .· 1 Inch

.Standard· wt steel-sch 40 · ·.· Extra str~ng steel...;...sch 80 · . Schedule 160 steel

'-· . .
· 1.049" inside dia · :9s7~inside dia .B15"inside dia ·
Flow.· i----.........,,.....------.----'--+.---_,...----.-----1----,....-..-----;..,--...;...
us Head Head Head·
gal·. •Velocity ·.velocity· ., toss .Velocity Velocity loss Velocity · Velocity loss·
· per .ft per . head . ft per. .•ft per . head ft per · ft per · head : ft·per .
min· sec tt 100, ft :. sec 'ft 100 ft' ' . sec ... . ft . 100 ft

2 .• 0.74 '.009 ·.... ··· ~385 :s9 ·. .01 _599· 1.23 ' : .023 .. 1.2.6 '
3 1.11 .019 ..787 ... '1.34 .03 '1.f9 '. 1.85 . .053 . 2.60
·4
.5'
.. 1.48
.. .· ,1.86
.0~4
.~054
.1.210
.1.90 .. :
1.79.
2~23'
·.OS
,;08'
. . 1.99 . .•. 2.46. ·•
.·2.99
.094·.
.. 3.08 •·· .· .147 ~
4.40'
6.63
. 4.17 . 3.69 ·. 9.30'.
6 ·2.23 .077 2.65 ·.. ·2.68 .11 . . ·.··. .211.
•'
'

. .. ......
. . a··. .
'
·. :. '
. 2.97 '·. :137 .. ·.•.. ,4.50 ' 3.57 '. . ·.20 ·.· ·.· •. '7.11 '
' "

'4.92 . .376 15.9 ' .

10 •' . 3.71 . .214 6.81 . . .·. 4.46 .31 '' 10.8 .· .. .6:15 :587 24.3 · ..
' .• 12 -.4.45. ...308 '' _9.58 ··•· , 5.36 · . .45 .· . ·15.2 .. . ·. 7.38' ';545. 34.4
14 5.20 .420·· 12;&· 6.25 . .61 . ··.20.4 ... ·.a.61 :·.•. 1.15 46.2
16 ... 5.94 ..548 .. · ···.. 16~5 7.14 ' ....79 •..• ' 26.3 •.. 9.84 •, ;LSO .. 59.7·:·
' 18 6.68 .694' ·. ·. .··• . 20.6 . · . 8.03 1.00 ' ' .32.9 . 11.071.90. . .74.9
20 - ' ' 7.42 ·. ...857 . .·. 25.2. <.8.92' . : 1.24 40.3 ·12.30
2.35 . ' 91.8 ·.•
22 ·. 8.17 . . 1.036 3b.3 9.82 ' 1.50 .·. 48;4 .·.· 13.53 ·... 2.84 . 110
.. 24. . 8.91 .·· 1.23 35.8 ·.; 10.7 . ·. 1.8. ·.·· '57.2 . - '14.76 ' 3.38 131
26 · .'.9,65 · ' 1.45 . • '41:7 ·. 11.6. 2.l 66.8 . 15.99 . ·.• 3.97 < ''
153

28 10.39 ... · 1.68 .· .. ·. 48.1 · 12.5 ' . . . ' 2.4 ' . ·71.1 ·.·
30 11.1 1.93. 55.0 .. '13.4. . 2.8 . 88.2'
35 . . 13.0 2.62 . ·74.1·· '15.6, .· 3.8 119
40. ..14.8 ' 3.43 .· 96.1 . .17.9 ' ' ·. . 5.0 ' 154
45 .16.7 '4.33 ··' 121 ' 2.0. t ' 6.3. ·, 194

1114 Inch ·
·.
Standard wtsteel-sch 4.0 Extra strong: steel::.:.:.:scti BO Schedule 160...:..:steel
..
. 1.'3a(rinside dia · .· ·. '•'
1.278" inside dia ·. . 1.160"inside dia
Flow·
us .. . .
·Head
.

Head··
•. ..........
.. Head
•gal Velocity . . Velocity ·loss Velo city Velocity..·· ·.loss Velocity Velocity loss·
. per: ft per. head. ·ft per : ··.. ,ft per · ·.head. - ft per · ft per . head ft per
·min sec ft : 100 fl sec ft'·.· . 100 ff .· :·sec. . ft . 100 ft .·
.·

4 .ass .· .011 · .•35 1.00 . :o15 ' .. 51 . 1.21 .Q23 .•. .806
5 1.073 .018 .52 ·• 1.25 ·~024 . ;75· - 1.52 .036 1.20
.72 .. ·. 1.82 ...
6 1.29 .. 026 ' 1.50 ·.034 ;1.04' ..051 1.61
7 :1.50. .035 .. 95 ·. .· 1.75 .048- ·.
1.33 . 2.13 .070 . 2.14
8 1.72 .046 '' 1.20 2.00 ••062 .1.69. 2.43 " .092 .2.73 ..

10 2.15 . .072 1.74 ..2.50'

. .097 .. ·.• 2.55 3.04 ,143 . .4.12
12. 2~57 .. 103 ' 2.45 .3.00 ._ .140 .3.57 3.64 ·.206 . 5.78
14 .3:00 .140 3.24 3.50 .190 4.75 4.25 '.280 -7.72
'16 3.43 .183 . 4.15. . 4.00 ,' .249 6.10. .. .4.86. .366 9.92·
18 '• 3.86. .232 5.17. 4.50 .315 7.61 . 5.46 .463 .12.~

20. .4.29 .286 .6.31 ..5.00 .388 9.28 .. 6.07 .572· _15.1
.
25 5.36 '.· . .431 • 9.61 6.25 .607. 14.2 '7.59 .894 23.2
30 6.44 .644. 13.6 7.50 .874 20.1 '.9.11 . 1.29 ,.
32.9
35 ·7.51 .876 ··18.2 8.75 1.19 27.0 '10.63 1.75 44.2
40 8.58 1.14 23.5 10.0 1.55 34.9 .12.14 2.29 ., 57.3
·.
50 10.7 1.79 36.2 12.5 ·. 2A3 53.7 15.18 3.58 88.3
60 12.9 2.57 51.5 ·. 76.5: 5.15' 126
15.0 .3.50 18.22
. 70 15.0 . 3.50 69.5 17.5 4.76 ·. 103 21.25 ·. 7.01 170
80 17.2 4.53 90.2 20.0 . 6.21 134 24.29 .9.16 . 221
90 19.3 5.79 114 22.5 7.86 168 27.32 11.59 279

Note: No allowance has been· made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of i_nterior
surface. Any factor of safety must be .estimated from the local' conditions and the requirements of each
particular· installation. It is .recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 ·to
20% be added to the values in ttie tables...;...,see page a-5. ·· ·· · · ·· ·

Q 1A
 .~ ..;·

'\::i.
•;'
i. -

Friction
--

···; Friction of Water -·-New Steel

(Based on Darcy's For ula)
ipe (Continued)

f'} 1Y2 Inch

: , Flow
Standard wt steel'-sch 40

1.610" inside dia

Extra strong steel-sch 80

1.500" inside d a
Schedule 160-steel

1.338" inside dia

:;.,,
.. :'
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per Velocity Velocity loss
ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
'
sec ft 100 ft
4 .63 .006 .166 .73, .01 .233 .913 .013 .404

r
5 .79 .010 . .246 .91 .01 ·.346 1.14
6 .95 .020 .601
;014 .340 1.09 .02 .478 1.37 .029
7. 1.10 .832
.019 .447 1.27 .03 .630 1.60 .040 1.10
8 1.26 .025

E
.567 1.45 .03 .800 1.83 .052 1.35

:i.)
;:.'. '

9 1.42 .031 ' .701 1.63 .04 .990

10 1.58 2.05 .065 1.67
.039 .848 1.82 .05 1.20 2.28 .081 2.03
12 1.89 .056 1.18 2.18 .07 ' 1.61 2.74 .116 2.84
:.: 14 2.21 .076 1.51 2.54 .10 2.14
16 3.20 .158 3.78
:, 2.52 .099' 1.93 2.90 .13. 2.74 3.65 .207
:i',
4.85
18 ' 2.84 .125 . 2.40 3.27 .17 3.41
20 4.11 .262 6.04
3.15 .. 154 2.92

:1,,,
3.63' .20 4.15 4.56 '.323 7.36
22' 3.47 .187 3.48 3.99.' .25 4.96
.24 s.92 .391 8.81
3.78 .222 4.10 4.36 .30 5.84 5.48 .465
·26 4.10 .261" 10.4'
4.76 4.72 .35 6.80 ·5.93 .546 12.1
',) 28 4.41 .303 .5~47' 5.08 .40 7.82'
30 6.39 .634 13.9
I 4.73 .347 6.23 5.45 .46 8.91 6.85
32 5.04 .727 15.9
.395 ''7,04 . 5.81 .52 10.1 7.30 .828 18.0

:1, )
34
36

38
5.36
5.67

5.99
.446.
'.500
.577 9.'76
7.90
8.80
6.17
6.54
.59
.66
'11.3
12.6
7.76
8.22
.934
1.05
20.2
22.5
..6.90 .74 14.0 8.67 1.17 ' 25.0
40 6.30 .618 ' 1~.8 7.26 .82 15.4
42 . 6.62 9.13 1.29 27.6
• • 1. .681 . 1 .8 7.63 .90 16.9 9.58 1.43 30.3

:;
44 6.93 .747. 12.9 7.99 .99 18.5 10.04
46 1.57 33.1
7.25 .817 14.0 8.35 1.08 20.1 10.50 1.71 36.1

er
48. '7.56 .. 889 15.2 8.72 1.18 21.8 10.95
50 1.86 39.2
7.88 .965 16.5 .'' 9.08 . 1.28 23.6 11.41 2.02 42.4
55 8.67 1.17 19.8 9.99 1.55 . 28.4 12.55 2.45 51.0

:~
60 9.46 1.39 23.4 10.9 1.8 33.6 13.69
65 '2.91 60.4
10.24 1.63 27.3 11.8 2.2 39.2 14.83 . 3.41 70.6
".1
70 .' 11.03 1.89 31.5 12.7 2.5 45.3 15.97 3.96 81.5
) 75 11.8 2.17' 36.0 13.6' 2.9 51.8 ' 17.11 4.55 93.2

-) 80
85
12.6
13.4
2.47
2.79
'40.8'
45.9
14.5
15.4
3.3 58.7 18.25 5.17 106

.;' .
3.7 66.0 19.40 5.84 119
90 14.2 3.13 51.3 16.3

:'.
4.1 73.8 20.54 6.55 133
95 15.0 3.48 57.0 1,7.2 4.6 82.0 21.68 7.29 148
100 15.8 3.86 63.0 18.2 5.1 90.7 . 22.82 8.08 164
110 17.3 4.67 75.8 20.0 6.2 109.3 25.10 9.78 197
120 18.9 5.56 89.9 21.8 7.4 129.6 27.38 11.6 234
130 20.5 6.52 105 23.6

::
8.7 151.6 29:66 13.7 274
140 ' 22.1 7.56 122 25.4 10.0 175
150. 23.6 8.68 139 '27.2 11.5 201
160 25.2 9.88 158 ', 29.0 13.1 228
170 26.8 11.15 178 30.9 14.8 257
180 28.4 12.50 199 32.7 16.6 288

i: Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dia eter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each

.f
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commer ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to

••
• i
· 20% be· added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5 .

.i
•••.'
'
3-15
 •·.·· ... ,·
!
•.
.}

l) lngersoll·DresSer Pumps .•. .· eameron Hydraulic Data · .•· . ·· ifi~

. . . . .. . ....... ··.. . ...•...~· . ' ·. -' -· - -· - __.;._,.. -- -·- ··--··-·l-9)
.Friction of W:.ater .· New Steel Pip.e (Continued)•. · . · .·. . ·· :afAJ
.(Based on Darcy's Formula) .· . :, .
· · · . 2 Inch ·. !tJa"
. Standard wt steel;_sch 40 · ·•
. . .. . .
. Extra strong steel_:sch80 .Sciledule.160.:.,..steel l•)
/(~
2.osrinside dia 1:939"inside di~ 1.687* inside dia

••
Flow
us Head .Head . Head
gal ·Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity ·loss •.·Velocity.· . . velocity · loss
·per · ft.per . head ft per ft per head ft. per · ft per · head ft per.
min
5·
.··sec

A7B
•. ft

·.004
·.005
..
100 ft.
·..074
.102'
•·sec
.54
. ·.65
ft

..00
.. -.01
100 ft.

.101
.139 .
:718
~861
sec 'ft.
••... 008
100 ft
·.· .197 ·. ··<C·:
-.·~
6 .. 574 .012· .271
.007 ' .. 134 .. 76 .01 .182 .. 1.01 . .016 .357
7 .669 .

..765 .170 .at. .01 .231·.·· .. 1.15 .020 . .452

~:
• .009
8 ... ... 285
I•

9 ·.. 860. .012 ·;209 .98 .. .. ·. ..: .01 1.29 .026 . • ;559.
... "" .. ..
.. .032 .
10 ..t}56 .014 •252 ... ·.·.1.09 .02 ..343 .t44 .675
.12 1.15 . -··. .021 •349' 1_.30 .03 •. .476 1.72 .046 .. .938
14 1.34 .028 .461 1;52 .04 ;629 2.01 .···.. 063 1;20
.
16 •1.53
1.72.
. .036
;046
;586
.• .725
. 1.74
1.96:
.. 05
:06
:
.BOO
.991
2.30
.. 2,58
.082
.104 .
1.53·
1.90 .«P)'
··_c:
18 . '
"
.20 ' 1.91 .057 • .. .878 . 2.17 ·. .07 ·' .U6 .2:01 .128 2.31
22 . · 2.10 .069' i.05 2.39 ·. .09 •.1.38 3.16 ..155 2.7'.6
24 2:29·· .082 . 1.18 . 2.61 .11 1;62 '.. . 3.45 .. 184 .3.25
26
..
2.49. .096 .. 1~37 2.83 .12 .. 1.88 . 3.73 ..216 : 3.77· ~'
25··· 2.68 .• .111 : 1.57 .. 3,04· ;14 •.·
.2;16 .'
4.02 .251 " ·. 4~33

~1
,•'
.. :-·. ·.- ·- .- .- - .
'" '3.26 - .. ' ..-
~ ... ,..... .... - . -·-.. :· .- .:...;. ·.. .
~ ,, - .. - -
30 .• 2~87 .128 1.82 .17 .. 2.46 . 4.31 .288 4.93
35 .3.35 .. 174 ·. 2.38 3.80 .22 .. 3.28· .. 5.02 .392 6.59
40 .·· 3.82 .227 ·..3.06 4:35 ~29 4.21 5.74 .512 .. 8.49
45 4.30 :288' 3.82 4.89 .37 5.26 6.46 .648 10.. 6
4.78· .355 4.66 .·...• 5.43 .46 .. :6.42 7.18 .799 .· 13.0

-~·
50 .
..

. .430
t:
55 · 5.2s s~58 5.98 .56 7.70 .. 7:89 .967 · 1s.6
60. 5.74 .51L. . 6.58 . 6.52 .. j35 ·. _9.09. . '8.61 us . '18.4 .
. 65 6.21 .soo· 7.66 7.06 :77· ·. • 10.59 9.33. 1:35 . 21.5
70 s:69 .;696 8.82. .. 7.61 .90 ... 12.2 10.05. 1.57. . 24.8

·-~
• : 75 7.17.. . .799 " to.1.· . · 8.15 1.03- 13.~ · . 10.11 ·
.· .
1.80. · 2a;3
: . . ..

1:
.80 7.65 .• .909 11..4 I' .8.69 · 1.17 15.8 11.48 .. 2.05 .32.1
1: 1.27 : .17.7 12.20 . .· ·2.31 36.1
.85 8.13 1.03 12.8 . ·. 9.03
.. 90' ···a.so· •.
1.15. 14.3. •' " .·• 9.7§. .1.49 .. 19.8. 12.92 2.59 40.3.
95 9.08 1.28 15:9. . .10.3 .1.6 . ..22.0 13.64 ·2.89 .. 44.8
100 9.56 1.42 17.5. · 10.9 . 1.B 24.3 .14.35 . 3.20 . 49.5..
·~10. ·'10,52. 1.72 21.0 12.0 2.2 .. ..·· 29:f ·. 15:79 3.87 . 59.6. ·-.~·~
120 11.5 2.05 24.9 13.0 2:6 34.5 17.22. .. . 4.61 70.6

c~
13q 12.4. 2.40· :29.1 . . : 14.1 3.1. 40.3 .18.66 .5.40 .82.6
140 . 13.4 2.78 33:6 15.2 3.6 . 46~6. 20.10 6.27 95.5
150

160
' 170
•
14.3

15.3
16.3
..
·3.20

3.64
. 4.11
'38.4

. 43.5.
49.0
16.3

17.4
·18.5
'
.:4.7
5.3
4.1 53.3

.60.5
68.1'
2L53

22.97
24.40.
7.20

.8.19
9.24.
109.

124
140
ei
180
190
' 200

. 220.
17.2
'18.2
19.1

21.P.
4.60
5.13
5.68

6.88
54..8
60.9
67.3

Bi.1
19.6.
. ·.20.6
21.7

23.9' ..
6.0
6.6
·7.3

8.9
76.1
84.6
·93;5

113
25.84
27.27
. 28.71
10.36
11.54
: 12.79
156
174
192 ·1::
II
240 22.9. 8.18 96.2 26.9. · 10.6 .134
260 24.9 9.60 113 '28.3 12.4 1.57
280 26.8. 11.14 130 30.4 14.4 18.1
300 .· 28.7 12.8 149 32.6 16.s .208

Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interi~r
surface. Any· factor of safety must be estimated from .the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial.design purposes a safety factor ol 15 to
I
•I
20% be add.ed to the .values in the tables-see page 3-5.. ·

-1
,•. 'I
...·

~ ,
,
..
..
. -

Friction
-

c:! ... ~·

...
..
.. -- -
-·- -· -- Friction of Water New Steel F. ipe (Continued)·
""

~
-·-

(Based ori Darcy's Form1 ~la)

c,·.-:, 2V2 Inch

,. ;
Standard wt steel-sch 40

2.469" inside dia

· Extra strong steel-s h 80

.2.323" inside dia

Schedule 160-steel

2.125" inside dia

,c·.
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity toss Velocity Velocity toss
per ft per . head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

8 ;535 .005 .072 .61 .01' .097 .724 .008 .149

10 .670 .007 .107 .76 . .01 .144 .905 .013 .221
C.:. 12 .804 .D10 .148 .91 .01 .199 1.09 .018 .305

11
14 .938. .014. .195 .1.06 ..02 .261 1.27 .025 .403
16 1.07 .018 .247 1.21 .02 .332 1.45 .033 .512

••• 18 1.21 .023 .305 1.36 .03 .411 1.63 .041 .634

!,
20 1.34 .028 ~369 . 1.51 ' .04 .497 1.81 .051 .767
·, 22 1.47 .034 .•438 1.67 .04 .590 1.99 .061 .912
24 1.61 .040 .513 1.82 .05 .691 2.17 .073 1.03
26 .1.74 .047 .593 1.97 .06 .800 . 2.35 .086 1.20

,•
...
...:. . "
. .
28
30
35
40
45.
"-·_;_.· - - --·.- - 50-· . - 3.35...,
.1.88
2.01
.2.35
2.68
3.02
~
.055
.063
.086
.112
.141
.679
.770
0.99
1.26
1.57
-·-;174...:. - ..., t;91 - - ~
' 2.12
2.27
.· 2.65
3.03 .
3.41
.07
.08
.11
.14
.. 18
.915
1.00
1:33
1.71
2.13
2.53
·2.71
3.17
3.62
• 4.07
-3_79- - - - ~2·~ - - 2:59- - - 4.52- - - -.318-
.100 .
.114 ..
.156
.203
.257
1.37
1.56
2.08
2.66
3.32
- - 4.05 - - - - - - ·-
.55 3.69 .211 2;28 4.16 .27 3.10 4.98 .384 4.85

f: 60
65
70
4.02
4.36
. 4.69

75
80
5.03
5.36
.251
.295
.342

.393
.447
2.69
3.13 .
3.60

4.10
·4.64
.4.54
4.92
5.30

5.68
.6.05 ·.
.32
.38
.44

.50
.57
3.65
4.25
.4.89
5.43
5.88
6.33

5.58
.457
.537
.622

6.79
7.24
.714
.813
5.72
6.66
7.67

8.75

:.;'
6.31 9.90
85 5.70 .504 5.20 6.43 .64 7.08 7.69 .918 11.1
90 6.03 .565. 5.80 6.81 .72 7.89 8.14 . 1.03 12.4
95 6.37 .630 6.43' 7.19 .80 8.76 8.59 1.15 13.8'

';'.),)·
100 6.70 .. 698 .. 7.09 7.57 .89 9.66 9.05 1.27 15.2
110 . 7.37 .. .844 8.51 S.33 1.08 11.6 9.95 1.54 18.3
120 8.04 1.00 . 10.1 9.08 1.28 13.7 10.86 1.83 . 21.6
130 8.71 1.18 11.7 9.84 L50 16.0 11.76 2.15 25.2
140 9.38 . 1.37 13.5 10.6 1.7 18.5 12.67 2.49 29.1

150 10.05 1.57 15.5 , 1.3 2.0 21.1 13.57 . 2.86 33.3
160 10.7 . 1.79 17.5 12.1 2.3 23.9 14.47 3.25 37.8
170 11.4 2.02. 19.7 12.9 2.6 26.9. 15.38 3.67 42.5
i80 12.1 22.0 ' 16.28 4.12 47.5

:·,
2.26 13.6 2.9 30.1
190 12.7 2.52 24.4 14.4 3.2 33.4 17.19 4.59 52.8

200 13.4 2;79 27.0 15:1 3.5 36.9 18.09 5.08 58.4
.. 3.38 6.15

•:·
220 14.7 32.5 16.7 4.3 44.4 19.90 70.3
240 16.1 4.02 38.5 18.2 5.1 52.7 21.71 7.32 83.4
260 17.4 4.72 45;0 '19.7 6.0 61.6 23.52 8.59 97.6

:·{ 280

300
18.8

20.1
.5.47

6.28
52.3
59.6
21.2
22.7
7.0

8.0
71.2
81.6
25.33
27.14
9.96
11.43
113

129
e.: 350
400
450
23.5
26.8
30.2
8.55.
11.2
14.1
80.6
105
132
26.5
•30.3
34.1
10.9
14.3
18 1
~10
~44
~ 81 '
31.66
36.19
40.71
15.56
20.32
25.72
175
228.
288
500 33.5 17.4 163 37.9
..
22.3 tl23 45.23 31.75 354

i; Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diame er, or any abnormal condition of interior

."•'
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local ... onditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercii I design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.
'
f.
.i
•·•1 I
3-17
I ) :lngersoH·Dresser .P.utnps
' • I ' •
Came~on_llydrauli~ Data
Friction of Water -~· .· ~ Asph-ait-dip-ped_C.asf fr(>n and New Steel Pipe· .
(Based on Darcy's Formuht) ..· . · (Continued)
3 Inch.

· Asphalt~dipped Std wt steel . Extra strong steel

·· ·. cast iron ·sC:h 40 .... ·· sch 80 ·· · ·.Sc.heduie 160....:...steel
..
3.0# inside dia 3:068" inside dia 2.900'' inside dia 2.624" inside dia.
Flow
us
gal
Ve-
loc.ity
·.. Ve- .ffead . Ve- ,I . Ve-·
locity. ·:loss 1ocity · ·1ocity
Head
·loss
Ve·
loclty
. Ve-
lo city
Head
·1ass
·.Ve- Ver
locity · loc#
Head
loss
per ft p~r. .·head. ft -per . tt·pe~ head tt·per ft per · head . ft per ft.per . head ft .per·
·.min ·. sec . ft< 100 ft. ··sec ·. ft 100 ft ·SBC :- : ft .100 ft sec: .ft . 100 fl.
•.

..10. :454 :.oo .

.042 ·. .434 .;003 ·• .038 :49~ .oo .oso· • ·. ;593 . ..005 ~080
15 .681 .01 .. .088 . .65.1 .007 . .077 . .73 ·····.01 . ·.101 :8so~ .012 .•164
•. 20· ..Q08 .·. .01: ·. ;149 . .868 ;012. .129 . :97 .02 .169 . 1.19 . .022 ·.•275.
25 Ll,3 . ·. :02 •225 1.09. '.018 •.192 .. · 1.21 .02 . :253 . 1:48: ·.034·· . .•411
30 _1.36 :.03 •1'" .316 . t.30 . .026. .267. 1.45 . .03 .•351 "1.78 ,049 . ;572.
.•

35 ·1:59. .. 04 A21 1.52. .036 .·. .353 . 1.70 ..04 .. •464 2.08· .067· . ..•757
40 1.82. :05 .. · ,541 .•
1.74 ..047. :)149 .·· 1'.94 . ;06 .. ;s92 • 2.37 :
.087 .•933 .
45 . 2.04 .06 .676 '(95. ;059· ..•557.· 2.18 .· ;01 .•734 2.67 .111 1;1&
.-
50. ·. 2.27 ·. .08 .. ;825 2;17 . ;073 . ,676. 2.43·.·. :09 ·.•.·_.860 . 2.97. : .137 . 1.41
55 . 2.50. .10 .990 2..39 .· .089 .776 2:61 .11 . 1.03 3.26. .165 . ·1_.69 .
.· ·,

..60 .· . 2.72 .12 .1.17 . 2.60 . .105. . •.:912·. 2.91 .. 13 .1.21 3.56 .197 ·. 1;99.
65 2.95. .14 ··.·. 1.36 . 2.82.· ·. ;124. . · · 1.0& 3.16 . . 15 1.40 . 3.86 : .231 2.31
·10.· .3.ta·· .16 ;:1.57 .. 3:04. .143 · 1.22. ·3AO '. .16 . '1;61 •t15' .•:26a· .. 2.65
75 . 3.40 .18 1.79 3.. 25 .165 .1.38 . 3.64 .. .21 •. . 1.83 . 4.45 .307 3.02.·····
80 3~63 .~21 .. 2.03 ·3.47. . .187 .1.56 .3.88 ·. ·.23 2.01: 4.75 ,350.' 3.41
... ..

.85 3.86 .23 2.28 .... 3.69 .211 1.75 4.12 .26 2~31 5.04· .395·· 3.83.
..
90 4.oe· .26 •. 2.55 .3.91,-- ~237· 1.95 4.37 .29 2.58 5.34 ·.443 . 4.27.
.264·. ··
95 ·. 4.31. . 2~ .. 2.83. ~u2. 2:t6 4.61 .33 . 2.86 5.63 .493-. 4.7'.3
mo . 4.54 .:32 3;12 . 4.34. .293
;354 .
2.37 4,95.· . · .36 '3.15. . . .5.93 .546 ..s.u·
i 10 4.99 .•.39 3.75 4,.77 2.84 5.33 .44 3.77 6.53 •.661 .6.25 .
... ..
120 5.45: .46. 4.45 .. 5.21. .421 .. 3.35 .5.81 .. .52 .4~45 •1.12 .787 .. 7;38 ...
. · 130 . 5.90 .. .54 ' S.19 . 5.64. . .495" 3.90. 6.30 .62 .. S.19 ..
·. 7.71 . .923 ·. 8.61
140 . 6.35 .63 .• 6:00 6.08 .574 4.50 .. 6.79 )1 5.98 . 8.31 1.07 . 9.92
..
150 . 6.81 .72 6.87 6.51 :··
.659 5.13'. 7.28 .~82 ·u2 . 8.90 1.2~ ·. 11~3
160 7.26 .· .82 . 7.79 .· ~.94. .749... .5~~0 7,76. •.93 . 7.72 .9.49 1.40 .· 12.s
..
180
200
8.H.
9.08
1.04.
1.28'
. 9.81
12.1 . 7.81 .
.·8.68.
.948
..1.17
7.27.
8.90
8.72
9.70 .·
t.01
1.46
·9.68
· 11.86
10.68.
11.87
·1.77
2.19.
1.6.1
19.8
220·· 9.98 1.55 14.5 .9.55. 1.42 10.1 .· .10.7 .1.78 14.26 13.05'. 2.64 ··23.8
240 10.9 . 1.84 17.3. 10.4 1.69 .. .. 12.1 11.6. . 2.07 -16;88 1.4.24 3.15 . 28.2
260 11.B, 2.16 :
2.0.2 11.3 1.98 14.8 12.6 2.46 19.71 . 15.43 3.69 32,9.
..
280 12.7 2.51 23:4 1.2.2 .· 2.29 17.1 13.6 2.88 22.77 16.6L 4.28 38.o
300· 13.6 2.8e·.·. 26.8 13.0.· . 2.63 19,5 14.5 .3.26 .26.04 . 17~80 .•.4.92 A3.S
320 14.5 3.28 30.4 13.9 ·3.00 . 22.1' ···15.5 ·.3.77 . 29.53 .18.99 5.59 . 49~4
. 340 .15.4 3.10·• 34.3 14.8 3.38. 24.9 -16.5. ·4.22 .. 33.24 20.17 ·. 6.32 55.6
360 . 16.3 4;15 38.4. · 1s.6 3.79 27.B, 17.5 4.73 37.16 21.36 7.08 62.2
..
380 ,17.2 4.62 . .42.7. 16.5 4.23.
'4.68.
'_,

30.9 18.4 .. 5.27 "41.31

19.4 . 5.81 .· 45.67
22.55. ..
7.89
:
69.2
400 18.2 5.12 47;3 17.4 34.2 23.73 8.74 . 76.5
420 1.9.1 . 5.65 . 52.1 18.2 5.16 .37.6 20.4 6.43 50.25 . 24.92 9.64 . 84.2
440 20.0 ·. 6.20 57.1 . 19.1 5.67. . 41.2 21.4 '7.13 55.05 26.11 10.58 ·92.2
460 20.9. 6.77 62.4. 20.0 6.19 44.9 22.3 . 7.75. 60.06 2.7.29 11.56. 101
480 .21.8 . 7.38 67:9 ·20.8 6.74 48.8 -23.3 8.37 65.30 28..48 12.59 109
500 22.7 ·.·· 8.00. . 73.6 21.7 7.32 52.9 24.2 9.15 70.75 29.66 13.66 119
. 550. 25.0 9.68 88.9 · 23.9. 8.85 63.8 26.1 11.1 85.33 . 32.63 16.53 143
600 27.2 . 11.5 106 .26.0i 10.5·· 75.7 29.1 13.1 101 35.60 19.67. 170
650 29 . 5 13.5
.·
124 28.2 12.4 88~6 31.6. •.15.5 119 ·as.ss 23.08. 199

Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diameter: or any abnormal c6ndition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the. local conditions and _the requirements of each
particular installation. It is re.commended that tor most commercial design purposes a. safety factor o"f15 to
20"/o be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · ·
.\•..
'
·' Friction
·-

:,,··
' ·~
•
'
·, Friction of Water - Asphalt-dipped Ca sHron and New Steel Pipe
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .
1
(Continued)

:;\ \
Asphalt-dipped cast iron
3Y2 Inch

Std wt steel sch 40 Extra strong steel sch 80

•': 3.5" inside dia 3.548" inside d1a 3.364" inside dia

::9'-,··
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss
per .ft per head ft per ft per head ft per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

15 .500 .004 .043 .487 .004 .038 .54 .OD .050

20 .667 .007 . .070 .72 .083

E;
.649 .007 .• 064 .01
25 .834 .011 .105 .811 ..010 .095 .90 .01 .123

E
30 1.000 .016 .146 .974 .015 .132 1.08 .02 .171
35 1.167 .021 .195 1.14 .020 .174 1.26 .02 .225

':1 ·
. I
tt(.
40
45
50
60
. 70
1.334
1.501
1.667
2.001
2.334
.028
.035
.043·
.062
.085
.·.25o
.311
..379 .
.535
.717
1.30
1.46
1.62
. 1.95
2.27.
.026
.033
.. 041
.. 059
.080
.221
.274
·.332
.463
.614
1.44
1.63
1.80
2.17
2.53.
.03
.04
.05
.07
.10
.287
.355
.430
.601
.769.

80 2.67. ,110 . ;g24 2.60· .105 .757 2.89 .13 .986

•• ..
90
100
110
3.00
3.34
3.67
.140
.173
.209
. ;160
1.42
1.70
2.92
3.25
3.57
.133
.. 164
.198
.943
1.15
1.37
3.25
3.61
3.97
.16
.. 20
.24
1.23
1.50
1.79

£ 120 4.00 .. 249. 2.01 3.89 .236 1.62 4.33 .29 2.11

-;:'. 130
140
150
160 .
170
4.34
4.67
5.00
5.34
5.67
.292
.338
.388
.442
.499
. 2.35 .
2.71
3.10
3.52
3.96
4.22
. 4.54
4.87
5.19
5.52
.277
.321
.368
.419
.473
1.88
2.16
2.47
2.79
3.13.
4.69
5.05
5.41
5.78
6.14
.34
.40
.45
.52
.59
2.46
2.83
3.22
3.64
4.09

... ·' 1EJO

190
6.00
6.34
.. 56
.62
4.42
4.92
5.84
6.17
.. 530
.591
. 3.49
3.86
6.50
6.85
.66
:73
4.56
5.06

::
200 6.67 .· .69 5.43 6.49 .655 4.26 7.22 :81 5.58
220 7.34 .84 &.SS 7.14 .792 5.12 7.94 .98 6.70
240 8.00. ..99. . 7.76 7.79 .943 6.04 8.66 1.17 7.92

260. .8.67 1.17 9.08 .8.44 1.i1 .. 7.05 9.38 1.37 9.24
I
.·•
280 9.34 1.35 10.5 9.09 1.28 . 8.13 10.1 1.6 10.66
, 10.0 :1.55 12.2

:c;'.)·;
300 12.0 9.74 1.47 9.29 10.8 1.8
320 10.7 .. 1.77 .. 13.7 10.4 1.68 10.5 11.5 2.1 13.8
340 . 11.3 2.00 15.4 11.0 1.89 11.8 12.3 2.4 15.5

360
380
12.0
12.7
2.24
. 2_49··
17.2
19.2
11.7
12.3
2.12
2.36
13.2
H.7
13.0
13.7
2.6
2.9
17.4
19.3
.
400 13.3 2.76 21.2 13.0 2.62 16.2 14.4 3.2 21.3
420 . 14.0 3.05 23.3 13.6 2.89 17.8 15.2 3.6 23.4
440 14.7 .3.34 25.6. . 14.3 3.17 19.5 15.9 3.9 25.7

i'. 460
480
500
550
15.3
16.0
16.7
18.3
3.65
3.98
4.32
5.22
27.9
30.4
32.9
39.8
M.9
15.6
t6.2
17.8 .·
. 3.46
3.77
4.09
4.95
21.3
. 23.1
25.1
30.2
16.6
17.3
18.1
19.9
4.3
4.7
5.1
6.2
28.0
30.4
32.9
39.7

::.
600 20.0 6.21 47.2 .19.5 5.89 35.8 21.7 7.3 47.1

650 21.7 7.29 55.4 21.1 6.91 41.9 23.5 8.6 55.1
700 23.3 8.46 64.1 . 22.7 8.02 48.4 25.3 9.4 63.7
750 25.0 ' 9.71 73.5 24.3 9.20 55.4 27.1 11.4 73.0
800 26.7 11.0 83.6 26.0 10.5 62.9 28.9 i3.0 82.9
~ ..
::
850 28.3 12.5 94.2 27.6 11.8 70.9 30.7 14.6 93.4

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diar ~eter, or any abnormal condition of interior

•::
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loc< I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commer ~ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

•;i l I
i
i

3-19
 . ' . ' . . . . ' . . . . - . . . .

·.I .) lngersoll•Dressf;'I' Pumps · CaID.eron Hidraulic Data

Frlctlon ofWater ·. · . ·Asphalt-dipped Cast Iron and NevtlSteel Pip·e"
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
· · 4 inch · · · · (Continued) ·. ·
' '

·Asphalt-dipped • ·std.wt steel Extra strong steel • ,'

'.
....
i;:ast iron sch 40 sch 80 Schedule 160-steel

3:438" intide dia •

•.
4.0" inside dia 4~026" inside dia · · 3.826" inside.dia
Flow
us Ve- Ve- Head Ve-· v~ 'Head .·ve-. . Ve- " Head Ve- Ve- ··fiead
gal locity . locity· IOss locity . ·1ocity ··.loss· locity · locity toss locity locity loss
.per ft per ··head tt per. . ft per ·head .ft per .ft .per t:1ead ttper ft per head . 'ft per
min. sec fl ' 100 ft ' ·. se~ .: ft 100 ft .sec. ft .· 100 ft sec .. ft '100 ft
' ' ,<"I ,,
20· .511 .004 ,.,038 ' .504 .004 .. > ~035· <56 .00 ·.• o4s .. 691 .007
"'
~074
30 :1,66 .009 .076·.· :1s6 ..009 ~072 .84 ..· .01 .. ·.092 "
1;04 .017 .154.
40 1.02 .016• .128 1.01 ' .016 .120 1.12 .02' ', .153' 1.38 .:030' .258
'·50, .. 1.28, ·.025 .~94. 1.26 .025 ~179 ' '1..40 .· '·.03 " ..230 '1.73 •.046' .387
60 1.53' .037 .273 ' 1.51 : .036' ,250' ·.1:51· ,04 .• 320 " 2.07
.067 .540
.·.048 "
.• :.10 .·.1,79 .050 .365 ' · .L76 ., .330 '1.95 :06 .424 "' '·.2.42 '.091. .· .691' ...·
.80 .2.04 '.065 .470 ':' 2.02' .063 • .422 2.23 .08 .541 · 2.77. '.119 .·~ass
90 2.30. ·.002··· .•588 2.2? "· ~oso .• 523 ' .2.51 ·. "
.10 .. .649 3.11 .150 < ' 1.10
.100 ··2.ss .101 ' .719 2.52 .099 , · •613 2.79· .12 .d89 .• . 3.46' .185 1~34
. 1.10 .2.81., .. 123 .862 2.77 .• 119..'. ,732··. 3.!)7. .1,5 .943' • 3;80 .224: 1.•61 ' '
120 3.06 .146 1.02 3.02 "
.142 ' ~861 .3.35 ,. ·. .17 1.11 . ~ 4.15 ·.. .267' ·, 1,.89
,130, 3.32 .171· 1.19 3;28 :· .167. 1.00 .3.63 ·, .20. 1.29. ····4.49' ·. .313 ·. 2.20
140 ' 3.57· .199. 1.37 3.53 •.;193 ':. 1;15 3~91 . .24 1.48 4.84 .363 . . " 2.53
150, 3.83 ;228 1~57' 3.78 ,• .222 ''1.31 4.19 ' . :21 1.69,' .· 5.18' .417 : :2.89 ·
160 4.08 .259 1.n .. 4.03 .253 1~48' '4.47 <31 1.91 .·. 5.53 .475 3.26
''

' 170' ..4.34 .293 1.99 .4.28 ·. 1 .285 ·1;s5 4.75'·. .35 ·2:14 5;88 ·.536. 3.66
. 180' 4.60 ' .328 ,2.23' '4.54 '.320·.· 1.85 '5.02 ··.· .39 ., 2.38 · s.22·· .601 4.09
. 190 .. 4.85 .368 .. 2.47, .4.79 . <356 ·2.os 5.30 . A4 ··2.64• 6.57 ··.669 •4.53
200 . 5.11 .406 '2.73 5.04' .395· 2.25 5.58 Atl. '' 2.91 "' 6.91. ·.742 5.00
220··. 5:62 .490 3.29 5.54 ' . . A1a···. 2.70 6.14' .59 ·3;49· 7.60 '.897 6.00
'' "

240 6.13 ;583 .·3.90'. 6.05 •.. 569 3;19 6.70 :10 4.13 1.07
8.30 7~09'
260 6.64 ~685 '4.55 6.55, :667 3.72' '7.26 .• 82·. 4.81' '8~99 1.25. 8.27 ',
280 7.15 . '.794 5.26.' 7.06 <774 • 4.28. 7.82 ,, .95 '5.54 9.68 1.45 9.55
300 .7.66 ~912 '6.02 7.56 . '.888 4.89 8.38 •,' '1.09 6~33 '10.37 .· 1.67 10.9
,320 8.17 1.04 .6.84 8.06 ·. 1.01 5.53 8.94,· 1.24 .· 7.17 ·1i.06' 1.90,. 12.4
..
340 .8.68 1.17 1.10· 8.57 ·. ·.· 1.14. 6~22' . 9,.,50 lAO 8.06 11.75 ·. 2.14' 13~9
"360·. 'i:t19 ..1.31 ,· 8~61 ·. . 9.07 ' 1.28 6.•94 ,' 10.0 1.6 .9.00' 12.44 2.40 . 15.5
.380 9.70 1.46 .9.58 : 9.58 .1.43 7.'71 10.6 1.7 9.99 13.13 2.68 17.3
400 10.2. 1.62 10.6 .•. 10.i ' 1.58
C'
.· i,~1 >11.2 1.9' 11.0 1.3.82 2.97 19.1 "'"
420 " 10.7 1.79 • 11.6 ·... 10.6 1.74 ·9.35 11.7 2.1 12~1 14.52 3,27 21.0
"

440 11.2 1.96 '12.8 11.1 1.91 ,' 10.2 12.3' 2.3 13.3 '15.21. 3.59 ,' .22.9'
460 .·: 1f7, 2.14 13.9 11.6 2.09 ti.2. ,12.8 .. • 2.5 14.5 1.5.90 .3.92 25.0
480 12.3 2.33 15.2 ,.· 12.1···. . 2.27 12.1 13.4 ' 2.8 •' 15,7, 16.59 '4.27 27.2
,' soo.. .12.8 ··2.53. 16.4 ' 12.6 .··. 2.47 ~-1 '14.0 ,' 3.0 17.0 17.28 4.64 29;5'
'550' '14.0 • 3,05· 19.8 13 ..9' ' 2'.99 'tS:8 .15.3 3,.6 . 2o:s 19.00 s,51 • 35.5.

600 15.3 3.65.. ··23.6 15.1'" 3.SS .· 18.7 16.7 ·.4.3 24.3 20.74. 6.67.· .42.1
650 '16.6 4.28 27.6 16.4 4.17 .21.7. 18.1 5.1 28.4 22.46 7.83 49.2
700 17.9 .4.96 32.0 17.6' 4:84 25.3 19.5 5.9 . 3.2.8 .·' 24.19 9.08' ··57.0
750 19.1 5.70 36.6 .18.9 ' 5.55.' 28.9 20.9 .6.8 37..6' 25 . 92 10.4 65.2
800 20.4 6.48 41.6 20.2 6.32' 32.8 22.3 7.7 42.7 27.65 11.7 74.1

850 21.7 7.32 46.9 21.4 . 7.13 37.0' 23.7,··· 8.7 48.1 29.38 13.4 83.4
900 23.0 8.20 52.6 22:7 8.00. 41.4 25.1' 9.8 53.8 31.10 15.0 93.4
950 24.3 9.14 .58.5 2~.. 9 8.91 46.0 26.5 .10.9 59.8 32.83 16.7 1Q4
1000 '25.5 10.1 64.8' . 25.2 9.87 so.9 27.9 · 12.1 66.2 34.56 18.5 ·115
1100 28.1 12.3 78.3 27.7 11.9 61.4 30.7 14.,6 79.8' 38.02 ,· 22.4· 139
'

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal .condition of interior ·
. surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the .local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It ls recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of .15 to
· 20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. . ·
•.
it>
,:
·~--- -

Friction "'·--

:·:
•. 1
- ---- -- . . Friction of Water·* New Steel I ~ipe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Forn ula)
,.

f',,,_
'
:l
,·
.,
.

Standard wt steel-sch 40

5.047" inside dia

51nch

Extra strong steel- ch 80

4.813" inside d'!ll

Schedule 160-steel

4.313n inside dia

::·•:'.
Flow
us Head Head Head
gal Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity loss Velocity Velocity Ion
per ft per head ft per ft per head It per ft per head ft per
~ I
min sec ft 100 ft . sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft

30 .481 .004 .024 .53 .00 .030 .659 .007 .051

40 .641 .006 .040 .71 .01 ·.051 .878 .012 .086

£1·l
50 .802 .010 .060 .88 .01 .075 1.10 .019 .128

E
60 .962 :014 .083 1.06 .02 .105 1.32 .027 .178
·1 70 1.12 .020 .110 1.23 ...02 .138 1.54 .037 .236

'l'I
80 1.28 .026 .140 1.41 .03 .176 1.76 .048 .301
90 1.44 .032 .173 1.59 .04 .218 1.98 .061 .373
100 1.60 ..040 .210 1.76 .05 .265 2.20 .075 .453
120 1.92 .058 .293 . 2.11 .;07 ~370 2.64 .108. .612
"l 140 2.25 .078 .389 2.47 ..09 .491 3.07 .147 .816

tt . Ij. 160
.. 180
200
2.57
2.89
3.21
.102
.129
.160 .
.480
.598
.728
2.82
3.17
3.52
.12
.16
.19
.607
.757
.• 922
3.5J
3.95
. 4.39 ·.·
.192
.243
.299
1.05
1.31
1.60

£: 220 3.53 ... 193 .870 3.88 .23 1.10 4.83 . .362 1.91

,;i\
240. 3.85 .230. ··. 1.03 4.23 .28 1.30 5.27 .431 ·2.25
. 260 4.17 .270 1.19 4.58 .33 1.51 5.71 .506 2.63
I 280 4.49 .313 1.37 . 4.94 .38. 1.74 6.15 I
.587 3.02
300 4.81 .360 1.56 5.29 .43 1.99 6.59 .674 3.45
320 5.13 .409 1.77 .5.64 .49· 2.25 7.03 .766 3.91
340 5.45 .462 1.98 5.99 .56 . 2.52 7.47 .865 4.39
1j
)I 360 5.77 .518 2.21 6.35 .63 2.81 7.91 .970 4.90
380 6.09 .577 2.45 6.70 .70 3.12 8.35. 1.08 5.43
4t1I 6.41

::·
400 .639 2.71 1.05· .77 3.44 8.78 1.20 6.00
420 6.74 .705 2.97 7.40 .85 3.78 9.22 1.32 6.59
440 7.06 .774 3.25 7.76 .94' 4.13 9.66 1.45 . 7.21
.I 460 7.38 .846 3.54 8.11 1.02 i
i
4.50 10.10 1.58 7.85
480 .7.70 .921 3.84 . 8.46 1.11 4.88 10.54 1.73 8.53

,:'l
\
500 . 8.02 .999 4.15. ·8.82 · 1.21 5.28 10.98 1.87 9.23

::-~
550 8.82 1.21 4.99 9.70 1.46 .6.35 12.08 2.26 11.1
600 9.62 1.44 5.90 10.6 1.7 . 7.51 13.18 2.70 13.1
. 650 10.4 1.69 6.89 11.5 2.1 8.77 14.27 . 3.16 15.4
700 11 .2 1.96 7.95 12.3 2.4 10.1 15.37 3.67 17.8
750 12.0 2.25 9.09 13.2 2.7 11.6 16.47 . 4.21 20.3

::
800 12.8 2.56 10.3 14.1 3.1 13.1 17.57 4.79 23.0
850 13.6 2.89 11.6 15.0 3.5 14.8 18.67 5.41 25.9

900 14.4 3.24 13.0 15.9 3.9 ·1&.5 19.76 6.06 29.0
950 15.2 3.61 14.4 16.7 4.3 18.4 20.86 6.76 32.3
•.i 1000 16.0 4.00 15.9 17.6 4.8 20.3 21.96 .7.49 36.7

i; 1100
1200

1300
1400
1500
1600
17.6
19.2

20.8
22.5
24.1
25.7
4.84
·s.76

6.75
7.83
8.99
10.2
19.2
22.7

26.6
30.7
35.2
.40.0
19.4
21.1

22.9
24.7
26.4
28.2
5.8
6.9

8.2
9.5
10.8
12.4
24.5
29.0

34.0
39.3
45.0
51.1
24.16
26.35

28.55
30.74
32.94
35.14
9.06
10.78

12.65
14.67
16.84
19.16
43.0
51.0

59.8
69.2
79.2
90.0
1700 27.3 11.6 45.1 30.0 14.0 57.6 37.33 21.63 101

i1\l ·
• <
• Cast iron not commercially available in this size.
Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in· dia neter. or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estim.ated from the loc al conditions and the requirements of each

.:tir:
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5 .

~!..
...
~
: .

J1 3-21
9li
 I). ll1gersoH•Qresser.P.u~ps - ·:.c~meron Hydraulic Data
· Friction of Water ·.. Asplialt-dippedCast Iron and New SteelPipe
. <e,ased on Darcy's Formula) · . (C,ontinued)
·• . &·Inch · ·

Asphalt-dipped Std W1 steel . Extra stmng steel •' '"

cast iron· sch 40 ··sch

' ·,
80 .Schedule 160,.-steel

''
6.0" inside dia s:os5" inside d.ia 5.761" inside dia 5.187" inside dia ·
Flow
us ve:. Ve- ,Mead. Ve- ··Ve- Head ve- Ve- Head Ve:- . Ve:- ·Mead
. gal lo city locity loss locity. . locity. . loss· lo city lo city loss ·1ocity.• locity . loss
per ft per head ft·per · ft per .•. ·head · ft per· ft per ·head ft per tt·per
;
head ft ·per
miri sec ft ' ,100 ft' .sec. ' ft 100 ft,' sec·· ' ·fl ''
'100 ft ·sec 'ft ' 100 ft
"
.50 '' .57. .005 .027 .s6•.· :005 ~025 ·.62 ; .01 .032 '' .759 ··.009· :053'
.60 .68 .007,' : .038 ,57 .· .007 ' ;o34. "; .74' .01 ·' .044 .91 ,. .013' .073'
70 .79 ... 010 '.048 .78 '.009 .045 .··· ;86 .01'' ,' .•058 t.06 '.018 .096
so "
.91. ;013 .··.062 .89 :012 · ~051 • • ;98 .01 .074' '1.22 ·..023 .123, •
.•091 .·, .37
"

90 ).02 .016 ' .077: 1,00 .016 '·.071

"
.1.11 .02 .Q29' .• 152,
"
" ,'
"
''
:
'100. 1.13 " .020 .· ;(194 1.11' '.019 ' .'086 ··1.23 ' .02 ·.·· .110 1.52 .036 .•184
'120 1.36 .029 .132 l• 1.33. .026 ;120 • 1 '48. •· .03 ';154 ''
1.82 .052 .256
140 1.59. ; .039 .176 '·1.55 '.038 '• .158 1.72 .05' ,' ~203 2~ 1'3 ' .070' .340•
160 .·. 1.82 ' '.051 '.226 ·.1.1a·· .049 .202 .1.97 ,06 .260' 2.43 .092·.. .435
180 2.04 .ass. .•• 283 ..:2.00·· .062 .•251 2.22, '.08 '•, .•323 .2.73 .1.16' .522

200 ···2.21. .080 .346. ·•.2.22 .·•.· .077 ·.. 304 2.46 .09 .392 3.04 .143' .635
··220 ·2.so ' ;097 '. ~415 2.44 ,, ·.··.·.093 " ' .363 ' 2.71' .11 .·';45f ''3;34 .i73• .760 "
240 2.72 .1 is ·.490 2.e6 .11,0 .· .• 411 2.96 :14 '.530 3.64 .206 ..•895
260 2.95•' ' .135 · :s11 2.89 •.· .130 .•477.··. · ·3:20 •
'
.16 ~616 3.95 .242 1 ..04' ',
280 .•··a.1s· .157 .658 ' 3.11 ~ 150 •548'
',
3.45> ''
:19 :708 .4..25 .281 ~.20 .· .

'"
300.· .3.40 .180 .•752' 3.33 .172 ,' ·.624 .a:s9•·.·. ·.· .21 .807 '.4.56 .322 '1.36
320 3.63 ·.205 .•851 · 3.55 .· .196 ·, '.705' .3.94.···. <24 .911 '4.86 .366 1.54
340 3.86 .231 .• 957 ' 3.78, .222 ...79Q .4.19 .27 1.02· ' 5.16 .414 '1;73
360 '·4.08 .259·.. 1.01· ''
"
4.00 .240 \880 4.43' .· .31 .· 1.14 $.47 ' '.46,4 1.93
380 .·~·~1 .289 .1.19 ' 4.22' ;277 ' .• 975 4.68 ;34 '1.26 5.77 '.517·, '.2;14
"·
400 4.54 .320 1.31 • 4.44' .307 1.07 '.4.93' .38 1.39 6.07 ', .572 2:36 ·.
.450 5.10 .403 1.65 ·s.oo .388 ' 1.34' ,5.54· ·.Aa .1.74 6.82 .725 .2.95'
5.5S. '.479 ., ' 1.64 2.13 ,
''

500 5.61 '.500 · . ·2.02' 6.16 ,59 7.S9. ' .8.94 3.61
550 6.24 ' .. 605 2;44' 6.11.·· .· .580 ,' 1;97 6.77· .71 2.55 . a.as·· , .08 4.34
600 6.81 .720· '2.89 .6.66 '• .690 2:33 7.39' .BS 3~02•· 9.1J 1.?9' 5.13. '
,. ,' '

650 '7.37 ' .845 •. .3.38·.· '7.22 ;810 2.71 a:oo ·. .99' 3.52' '9.87'· 1.51; 5.99 ''
700 7.94 ' ~980 '3.90 •.. 7.17: .939' 3.13·· '8.63 '1.16 4;06 10.63 1.75 6..92
750. a.st 1.12 . .4.47 8.33 1.08 ·. 3.57:~ 9.24' 1.33 4.64 11.39 2.01' '7.91
800. 9.0B. 1.28.' ·..· 5.07 8.88 ):23 ·. ·4.04 9.85 1.51 5.25 12.1 S ·2.29•'' 8.96
850 ·, 9.64 .1.44 .. 5.72 9.44' .·1.38 4;5~ 10.5 ,•
f7 " 5.90 . '.,2:9·\ 2.59 10.1
: " "
900 10.2 .L62 6~40 9.99• 1.55. 5.08. 11.1 1.9 6.60 13.67 2.90 11.3
950 10.B 1.80 7.11 ' 10..S' '1.73 5'.64' 11.7 "
2.1 7.33 ' 14.42 .3.23.· ~2.5
1000 11.3 2.00.· 7.87 11.1 '' 1.92 ' 6.23 '12.3 l.4 '8.09 15.18 ·a.se 13.8"
1100 •' ~2.5' '2.42 '9.50 12.2 2.32 7.49 13.5 "
.2.8' 9.74 16.71 4.33 16.7
.1200 ·. 13.6 . 2.a0·.·. 11.3 13:3 2.76 8.87 . 14.B .3.4 11.5 18.22 5.15 1.~.8

1300 14.7 '3.38 13.2 14.4 ' 3.24 10A .. 16.0 4.0 13.5 19.74 '6.05 23.1
'1400 '15.9 •.3.92 15.3 15.5 3.76 12.0 '17.2 4.6 15.6 21.26 7.01 26.7.'
1500 '17.0 4.50 17.5 16.7, 4.31 ·13.7 18.5 5.3 17.8 22.78 8.05 30.6'
1600 18.,2' .5:12 19.9 17.8 .4.91 15.6 .• · '19:7. .6.0' 20.3 24.29 9.16 .34.7
1700 19,.3 5.78 22.4 18.9 • 5:54 17.5 20.9 6.8 22:a 25.81 10.34 39.1

1800 20.4 6.48 ,' 25.1 20.0 6.21 19.6 ·22.2 7.7 25.5 27.33 11.59 43;8
1900 .,21.6 7.22 28.0 '' 21.1 6.91 21.8 23.4 BA '28.4 28.85 12.92 48.7
2000 22.7 8.00 31.0 22.2 ·7.67' 24.1 24.6 9.4 31.4 30.37 14.31 .53.9
2200 25.0 9.68 37.4 24.4 9.27, 29.1 '' 27.1 11.4 37,9. 33.40 17.32 65.0
2400 27.2 11.5 44.5 26.6 11.0' 34.5 29.6 13.6 ·, '44.9 36.44 20.61 77.2

Note: No allowance has been mad~ for age. difference 'in diameter, or any abnormal condition. of interior
surface. Ariy factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each ·
particular in.staltation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · , ·

I
,)
•:·, J
...
Friction·
·\ -~- ..

i:·)
. '

., ..
...
:;

Friction of Water Asphalt-dipped Ca st Iron a-nd- New. Steel Pipe

9J: -~ J (Based on Darcy's Forr rlUla) (Continued)
·s Inch
£'\ Asphalt-dipped
cast iron
Std Wt steel
sch 40
E> tra str'!ng steel
sch 80 Schedule 160-steel
,.} 8.0" inside dia 7.981" inside dia
. 7J625" inside dia 6.813" inside dia

ii,ti!: Flow
us
gal
per
min
Ve-
lo city
ft per
·.sec
Ve-
locity
head
ft
Head
loss
ft per
100 ft
Ve-
locity
ft per
sec
Ve-
loctty loss
head ·ft per
ft
Head

100 ft.
Ve-
locit;
ft pet
sec
Ve-
loclty
head
ft
Head
tou
ft per
100 ft
Ve-
locity
ft per
sec
Ve-
locity
head
ft
Head
toss
ft per
100 ft

&I ·130 .83 .011 .037 ~83

.. 90
.011 . ;Q36 :91 .01 .046 1.14 .020 .079

•rfl .
140 .89 .012 .042 .013 .042 .98 .01 .052 1.23 .024 .090

I
:150 .96 .014 .048 .96 .014 .. 047 ..1.05 .02 .059 1.32 .027 .102
160 1.02. .016 .·.054 ··1.03 .016 .053. , .12 .02 .066 1.41 .031 .115
170 1.08 .018 ..060 1.09 ·.01s . .059 1.19 .02 .074 1.50 .035 .128 .

180 . 1.15 .021 .067 1.15. .021 .066 · 1.261 .02 .082 1.58 .039 . ;142
190 1.21 .023 .•07'.4. 1.22 .023 .073. 1.33! .03 .091 1.67 .. 043 .157 .
200 1.28 .025. .082 1.28 . .026 .080 1.41 ! ·.o3 .099 1.76 .048 .172
. 220 . 1.40 .031 .098. 1.41 .031 .095 1.55 !·
1

.04 .118 1.94 .058 .205

240 1.53 ·..037 .•115. 1.54 ;037 .111 1.691 .04 .• 139 2.11 .069 .241
ta 260 1.66 .043 .134 1.67 .043 .128 1.83! .05 ;161 2.29 .. ,061 .279

Z:91
280 1.79 .050 .154 1.80 .050 .147: . 1.97! .06 .184 2.46 .094 .320
300 1.91 .057 .175 1.92 .058 .167 2.11 ! .07 .209 2.64 .108 .350
350 . 2.23 .077 .235 2.24 .089 ;222 2.46i .09 .278 3.08 .1·47 . .467
400 2.55 .101 .;303 2.57 .. 102 .284 2.81 .12 .343· 3.52 .192 .601
450 2.87 .128 .380 2.89 .129 .341 . 3.1~' ' .15 .428 3.96 .243 .750
500 . 3.19 .158 .465 3.21 .160 ;416 3.51 .19 .522 . 4.40 .301 .916

1:····
")
l .
550

650
3.51
600. 3.83 .
4.15
.191
.228
.267
.559
.661
.772
3.53
.3.85
4.17
.193
.. 230
.271
.31
. 6
.682
3.86
4.22
4.57
.23
.28
.32 .
.625
.736
.857
4.84
. 5.28
5.72
.364
.433
.508
1.10
1.30
1.51

~'. 700
750
4.47
4.79
.310
.356
.891
1.02
4.49
4.81
.313
.360
.785
.895.
·4,92
S.27
.38
.43 .
.986
1.13
6.16
6.60
.589
.676
1.74
1.98

Zi.\
800 5. 11 .405 1.16 5.13 .409 1.01 5.62 .49 1.27 7.04 .769 2.24
850 5.42 .457 . 1.30 5.45 .462 .1.14 5.97 .55 1.43 7.48 .869 2.52
900 5.74 .513 1.45 5.77 .518 1.27 6.3~ ... 62 1.59. . 7.92 .974 2.81

950
1000
6.06
6.38
.. 571
.633
1.61
1.78
6.09
6.41
.577
.639
1.40
1.55
6.6~
7.0
.69
.77
1.77
1.95
8.36
8.80
. 1.09.
1.20
3.12
3.45
.. .95 ·.
1100 7.02 .766 2.15 7.05 .773 1.86 7.8::. 2.34 9.68 1.46 4.14

i',,)i, I I
1200
1300
1400
7.66
8.30
B.93
9.57
.911
1.07
1.24
2.55.
2.98

3.45
3.95
7:'70
8.31
8.98
.920
1.08
1.25
2.~ct
.2.56
2.96
8.4::
9.1::

9.8~
1.10
1.30
1.5
2.77
3.23
3.73
10.56
11.44
12.32
13.20
1.73 .
.2.03

2.36
2.71
4.91
5.73

6.62
7.57
1500 1.42 9.62 1.44 3.38 10.~ 1.7 4.26

::•') 1600
1800.
2000
.·-.
2200
10.2
11.5
1.62
· 2.os·
12.8 . 2.53

14.0 3.06
4.48
5.65
6.96

8.40
10.3
11,5.
12.8
14.1.
1.64
2.07
2.56

3.09
3.83
4.81
.
5.91

7.11
1U
12.E
14.1

15.~
2.o
2.5
3.1

3.7
4.83
6.07
7.46

8,98
14.08
15.84
17.60

19.36
3.08
3.90
4.81

5.82
8.58
10.8
13.3

16.0

:j .2400
2600
2800
3000
15.3
16.6
17.9
19.1
3.65
4.28
4.96.
5.70
9.98
11.7
13.5
15.5
15.4
16:7
18.0.
19.2
3.68
4.32
5.01
5.75
8.43
9.85
11.4
13.0
· 16.f
18.~
19.1
21.
4.4
5.2
6.0
6.9
10.6
12.4
14.4
16.5
21.12
22.88
24.64
26.40
6.92
8.13
9.43
10.82
19.0
22.2
25.7
29.4

' 1, 3500
4000
4500
22.3
25.5
28.7
7.70.
10.1
. 21.1
27.4
22.4
25.7
8.9
10.2
17.6
22:9
24.E
28.
9A
12.3
22.3
29.0
36.6
30.80
35.20
39.60
14.73
19.23
24.34
39.8
51.8
65.4

i'!
12.8 34.7 28.9 12.9 28.9 3U 15.5
5000 31.9 15.8 42.7 32.1 16.0 35.6 35. 19.1 45.0 44.00 :30.05 80.6
5500 35.1 19.1 51.7 35.3 19.3 43.0 38.1? 23.2 54.4 48.40 36.36 97.3

Note: No allowa.nce has been made for age,· difference in dia rneter, or any abnormal condition of interior I

tp'.
·1

surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from .the loc 31 conditions and the requirements of each '
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme Cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
i
20% be added to the values in the tables.-see page 3-5.

.f•··!'··
• .,!
I

i....{:;l . 3-23
 ·. ___ 1~.l~gers~ll·l>'8ssttrPumps /.Cameron Hydnwlic_Dat<! ·
Friction of Water · .· Asphalt.;dipped Cast Iron and New Steel Pipe ·
. (Based on Darc:.y's Formula) (Continued) · ·
..·.. 10·1nch. · · · ·. · · ·

Asphalt-dipped ·' · . Std wt steel

cast iron :sch40 . Schedule 80 steel · Schedule 160-steel

.
1o. o·I inside dia
.
10.020" inside dia 9:562'' inside dia · 8.500" inside dia .
Flow
us ve:.. 've- .·.Head Ve-. · Ve- Head. .ve- ·ve-
locity·· · 1ocity
Head Ve- Ve- Head·
gai .·1ocity · 1acity : loss locity loclty loss ... loss locity locity . loss·
pet .tt per head· ft per · ft per · head· ft per f.t per ·head .ft per • ·ft per head ft per
·.. ft ft · 100 ft tt. 100 ft:
min ·sec 100 ft sec ·.. sec .. .100ft. sec. . ft

·.··180 >.74. .. 008·.· .023 .. ' .73' .· .. 008 .. ;022 ~804. .. 010 . •027 ·1.02 . . .. 016 ;048
200 .82 .• ;010. ; .028 .81 .010 .026. .. ··<894 .· .012 ·.. ..•• 033 1.13 . .020 .059
.•220 ·. <.90. . ,013 .•032 ... 90 .•. .013 ~031 :983 : .015 .• 039 1.24 •.:024 .070
.. 240 .98· .015 .038 ... 98····. .015 . ~037· 1.0.7 .Q18. >.046 .. ... ·1.3s.· .02~ ;082 .
. 260: . 1.06· .018 .044 .·.1.06 ... .017 .042 . 1.16 .021 ·· . ··.053 .. ·.1.47 .034 . ,094

280 1.14 ·.· .020 . .:os1 . 1.14 .020 .049. .1.25 . ··.024 .061 . 1.56 .039 .108 .· .
.. . ·.028
. 300 1.23 -.023 : ..•• 05'7. 1.22 ;023 .•055 . 1:34 ~069 .1.70 :.-045 .. .123
350 . 1.43 . .032··· .077 . '1.42. ..032 I ;073 1.56 .. 036 . ~092 1.98 .· .06l .·•· .163
400 ·1.63 .042 ..•099. .1.63 ~041 .093. 1.79 .oso·· .· .117 . ·2.26 .079 . ·.208
450 1.84 .053. •123 ' . ·l.83 .052 . •116 2.01 . · ... 063 .. .145 ·.. 2.54 .100 .259 .

soo ·... 2.04 .ass·. · .150 ' . 2.03· ;064 .<140 2.34 .· .. 077: ;177 2.83. .124 .•304'
•550 2.25. •·. .079 ;180 2.24 . :01a .•167 2.46·.. .094 .211· ·.. · 3:11 .150 .•364
600 2.45. .093. . ;213 .2.44 . .093 ~197 . 2.68 .112 .. 23~ . 3.39 .179 . .428
650 2.66·· .110 ·. ;248 .· · 2.64 .. .109 •228•. 2.90. .131 •. .277 .3:s0 ..210 .. .A98.
700 •.2,86 .127 .286 ·. 2.85 .. 126 . ~25.3 .. 3.i3 .152. .319 3;96 .•.243, ..• 573.

800 3.27 .H~S. .370 ··3.25 . .165 .325 3.57 ;198 .410 4.52 ... 318 7.38
900 3.68
4.09.
..210· ~464
:259 ·. .•569
.3.66 .208
4.07 .· .. 257.
.4Q5.
.494. ·.
4.02
4.47
.251
.310
.• 512
<625
.. 5.09
. 5;55
.. 402
.496
.9.23
.1:13
1000
.. 1100 .. 4.49 .314 . ·. .685 .• 4.4a··,. .311 •592' 4.92 .375'. .• 749 . 6.22 .600 1.35
1200.:. -4·:90 ~- .-:-;373-·. ·-'.81'1· . ,.. :.4~88 ... ;370 ... -.699- .·.· · .. ,5,35 .. ·-· A46-- .:.;884. - . ,6.1-9- - .71.A - c1.60 .

1300 '5.31 A38 . · •947

. 5.29 •· .435 .· .814 .
..
5.81 .524 1.03' 7.35 .. 839 1.86
1400 5.72 .508·· 1.09 5..70 .504 .•938 6:26 ·.607 .. 1.19 7.92. ·.· .. 972 . 2.15.
1500 . '6.13 .584 1.25 6.10 .. .579 1.07.. 6.70 ·.697 · 1.35 8.48. 1.12 2.4'6
1600 . 6.54 ' ..664 ·. :1 ..4~ 6.51 .659 1.21 .• ns • ..79~' 1;5J .. 9.05 . 1.27' 2.78 .
1700. 6.94· .749 1.60 6.92. '.743 1.36. 7.60. :895 .1.72 . .. 9.61 . ·1.43 . 3.13
..
1800 . 7.35 .840 .1.79 7.32 .834 1.52·· 8.04 1.00 1.92 . 10.18 1:61 ·3.49
1900 7.76. .936 .. 1.99 ·..·. f.73 .929 us .
. 8.49 1.12 2.13 10.74 ·1.79 3.88
.2000 ·'B. 17 ·· 1.04 2.20 8:14 1.03 . 1.86. ·... 8.94.· :t.24 .2.36 11.31 .• 1;99. 4.29
2200 •. 8.99·· 1.26 2.65 .8.95. 1,25 2.24~ 9.83 1.50 ·2.83. ·12.44 2.40 . 5.16
. . I 6.11 · :
. 2400 9.80 1.49· 3.15· 9.76 '• .1.48 . 2.64 ·. 10.72. 1.79. 3.35.' 13:57 2.86
..
2600 . 10.6 1.75 3~68 10.6 1.74 •. 3.09 1.1.62 2.09 3.92 ., 14.70' 3~35. . 7;14 •.
2800 11.4 2.03· 4.26 11.4".· . 2.02. 3.57 12.51 . 2.43 . 4.52 15.83 3.89· 8.25.
. 3000 12.3 2.33 4.8.8 12.2 2.32 4.08 13.40 2.79 5.17 16.96 4.47 9.44
.·3200 13.1 . .. 2.66 ·5.54 .13.0 2.63 4.62 14.30. 3.17 5.87 18.09 ·5.os. 10.7
3400 13.9. 3.00. . 6.25 .. 13.8 . 2;97 ·s.20: 15.19 . 3.58 . . 6.60 19.22.·• . 5.74 . 12.1

3600 14.7. 3.36.·· 6.99 .· 14.6 .·.3.33 5.81 16;08 . 4.02 7.38 . 20,35· 6.43 13.5
3800 15.5 3.74 7.79. 15.5 3.71 .6.46 16.98 ·4.47 8.21 21.49 7.17 • 15.0
4000' .' 16.3. 4.15 8.62 ..16.3. 4.12 7.14 17.87 4.96 9.07 22.62 7.94 16.6
4500 18.4. 5.25 10.• 9 18.3 5.21 8.99. .20.11 6.27 11.4 25.44 10.05 20.9
·5000 20.4 6.48 .· 13.4 20.3 6.43 11.1 22.34 7.75 14.1 ·. . 28.27 12.40 25.7

5500 -22.5 7.85

16.2 ·. 22.4 7.78. 13.3. ·. 24.57 9.37 17.0. 31.10. 15.01. 31.1
; 6000 24.5 .19.2 9.3424.4·. ·9.26. 15.8 26.81 11.15 20.1 .• 33.92 17.86 36.9
6500. . 26.6 . 22.611.0.26.4 10.9 18.5 29.04 13.09 . 23.6• 36.75 20.96 43.2
7000 28.6' 26.112.7 28.5 12.6 21.4 31.28 15.18 27.3. 39.58 24.31 50.0.
7500 . 30.6 ·30.0 14.6 30.5 14.5 24.5 33.51 .17.43 31.2 42.41 . 27.91 • 57.3
. .. . . ..

Note: Nci allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter. or. any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that formost commercial design purposes a safety factor of 1S to
. 20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3·5. . .

I
 "Friction
--~·

Friction of Water Asphalt-dipped Ca~~t Iron and New Steel Pipe

(Based on Darcy's F.orm 1Jla)
12 Inch (Continued)
Asphalt-dipped Std wt steel
cast iron sch 40 . Sci edule 80 steel Schedule 160 steel

12.0" inside dia , 11.938" inside dia 11. iJ'74w inside dia 10.126# inside dia
Flow
us Ve- . Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head Ve- Ve- Head
gal locity locity loes locity locity ·toss locity locity loaa locity locity lo•a
per ft per head ft per ft per head tt. per ft per head ft per ft per head ftper
min sec ft 100 It . sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft
200.· .57 .005 ~011 .•.57 .005 .011 .632 .006 .014 .797 .010 .025
250. ,71 .008 ~017 . .72 .008 .017 .789 .010 .021 . .996 .015 .038
300
350
400

450
.85
.99
. 1.13.

1.28
.011
.015
.020

.025
.024
•031
.•040

.049
.86
1.00
1.15

1.29
. 1.43
.012
.016
.020

.026
.024.
.031
.040
.•049 . 1.42.
.947
1. 11
.1.26
.014
.019 .
.025

..031
.030
.039
.050

.062
1.20
1.39
1.59.

1.79
.022
.030
.039

.050
.052
.069
.088
;110
·ll
500 1.42 .031 .060 .032 .•060 . . 1.58 .039 .076 1.99 . ..062 .•133
550 . 1.56 .038 .072· 1.58 . .039 .071 1.74 .047 .090 2.19 .075 .159
600 1.70 .045 .085 ' 1.72 ,046 .083 1.90 .056 .106 2.39 .089 .187
700 1.99 .061 .114. 2.01 .063 . .111 2.21 . .076 ;140 2.79 .121 .240
800 2.27 .080. .147 2.29 .082'. ;142 2.53 .099 ~180 . 3:19 .158 .308
900 2.55 .101 .184 2.58 .103 .176 2.84 .125 .216 3.59 .200 .384
1000 2.84 .125 .225 2.87 . .128 .207 3.16 .155 .263 3.98 .246 .•469
.f100 . 3.12 .. 151 •271 3.15 .154 .247 3.47• .187 .315 4.38 :298 .. .562
1200 3.40 .180. .320 3.44 .184 .291 3.79 .223. .371 4.78 ;ass .663
1300 3.69 .211 .· ,374 3.73 .216 ·.339 4.11 ...262 .•432 5.18 .416 .n2
1400 3.97 .245 .431 4.01 .250 •390 ·4.42 .303 .497 5.58 . .483 .889
1500. 4.26 .281 .493 . 4.30 :287 .444 4.73 .348. .·.566 5.98 :554 1.02
1600 4.54 .•320 •558 4.59 .327. .502 5.05 .396 . .•640 6.37 ,631 1.15
·1aoo . 5.11. .405 .702 5.16 .414 .629 ·5.68 .so1 . .802 7.17 · .79B 1.44
-· 2000~ -s;a1 - -:soo · · --.862 - ··5:1:r · :-sn- - :?&s -· · 6.32 ..619 .ei1 ., _ _ -· 7.97 . -.985 -- 1.76
2200 6.24 .605 1.04 6.31 .618 \.9fi:J 6.95. .749 1.18 8.77 1.19 2.12
2400 6.81 .720 1.23 6.88 .·.735 '~~ 7.58 .891 1.39 9.56 1.42 2.51
2600 .. 7.38 . .845 1.44 7.45 ..863 . 1.27 . 8.21 1.05 1.62 10.36 1.67. . 2.93
2800 7.94 .980 .. 1.67 8.03 . 1.00 1~47 .8.84 1.21 .1.87 11.16 1.93 3.38

3000 ·. e:51 1.13 1.91 8.60 1.15 . 1.68 9.47 ·.1.39 2.14 11.95 2.22 3.86
3500. 9.93 1.53 2.58 10.0 1.55 . 2..26 11.05 1.90 2.89 13.94 3.02 5.22
4000 11.3 2.00 3.36 11.5 . 2.04 .· 2.92 12.63 2.48 3.74 15.94 3.94 6.77
. 4500· · 12.8 2.53 4.24 12.9 2.59 3.68 . 14.21 3.13 4.71 · 17.93 4.99. 8.52
5000 14.2. 3.13 5.21 14.3 3.19 4.52. 15.79. 3.87 5.78 19.92 . 6.16 10.S

5500 15.6 . 3.78. 6.30 15.8 3.86 5.44 17.37 4.68 6.97 21.91 7.45 12.6
6000 17.0 4.50 7.48 17.2 4.60 6.45 . ia:gs 5.57 8.26 23.90 .8.87 15.0
6500 18.4 5.2B 8.76 18.6 5.39 7.54 20.53 6.54 9.66 25.90 10.41 17.5
7000 19.9 6.13 10.1 20.1 6.26 8.72 22.10 7.58 11.2 27.89 12.07 20.3
7500 21.3 7.03 11.6 21.5 7.18 9.98 23.68 8.71 12.8 29.88 13.86 23.3

8000 22.7 8.00 13.2 22.9 8.17 11.3 9.90 14.5 31.87 15.77 26.4
8500. 24.1 9.04 14.9. 24.4 9.22 .12.8 11.18 16.4 33.86 17.80 29.8
9000 25.5 10.1 16.7 25.B 10.3 14.3 12.54 18.3 35.86 19.95 33.3
. 20.4
9500 26.9 11.3 18.6 27.2 11.5
~ 13.97 37.85 22.23 37.1
10,000 28.4 12.5 20.6 ~ 12.B \f!:..6) 15.48 22.6 39.84 24.64 41.0

11.000 31.2 15.1 24.9 31.5 15.4 21.2 34.73 18.73. 27.2 43.82 29.81 49.6
12,000 34.0 18.0 29.6 34.4 18.3 25.2 37.89 22.29 32.3 47.81 35.47 58.7
13.000 36.9 21.1 34.7 37,3 21.6 29.5 41.05 26.15 37.9 51.79 41.63 69.0
14,000 39.7 24.5 40.2 40.1 25.0 34.2 . 44.21 30.33 43.8 55.78 48.28 79.9
15.000 42.6 28.1 46.1 43.0 28.7 39.2 47.37 34.82 50~3 59.76 55.43 91.6

Note: No allowance has been made for. age, difference in diami ter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerci~l design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-25
 ....
:.. ,'' ·:' ··.·
' . : ' . . .. : .· .

I) big8rsoll·Df4!sser Pumps ·.•. CamernnHydraulfo-Data---

.Friction of Water (Continued) ·
. . . (Based on Darcy's Formula} ·
Asphalt;.dippedcast iron and new steel pipe
141nch . ·. > 16 Inch

.. Asphalt-dipped New steel ., ·Asphalt-dipped New steel

cast iron schedule40 ·cast iron schedule 40
..
14.0".inside.dla . 13.124" inside dia 16.0" ir:iside dia · 15.000" inside dia
Flow .. Flow·
us V'3;· •Ve::. Head Ve- .. Ve- tie Ci a . us Ve~ . Ve~ Head ·Ve-·· Ve- ·.Head
gal lo city lodty" ··1oss locity lo city loss, gal · 1ocity lo city loss 1ocity . ·locity .loss
per ft per head ft per ft per head ft pet' per ft.per · head ft per' . tt per head ft per
·min. .. sec ·. f(·. .100 ft sec ... ft . 1.00 ft min sec ft 100 ft sec .•.. ft :. 100 fi
' .. ,·
..
.300 .·.. 625 ..005·.. ;011 .. 712. .·.. 008. ·. ;015 ·500 .798 . .. 010 '.015 .908 .013 :02ci
400 ~834. .011 .019 ' ~949 ·.:014 :.025·.. 600 .957 ...014 .. .020 . :1.09 ~018 ·.;02't
500 1.04 .017 .028 1.19' ..022 ..038 700 •.1.12. ~019 .027 ·. 1.27. :025. ';036
600 1.25 .024 .039 1.42 .031 .052. 800 1.. 28 .025. .:035 . 1.45 .033 : .046
. 70.0 1.46 .033.. .053 1,66 ..043 ~07.0 900 1.44 .032 ·..043' 1.63 . ;041 ~058 . . ,.
. . ...
sod 1;67 .043 .068 1.90. .056 ;089 1000 .1.60' .040 .053 . .. .1.82 .051 .070
900 1.88 .055 .085' -2.14 ·.071 .1J1 1200 '1.92 .057 ·.075' 2.18 ·.··.074 .098
1000 2.08 .067 ·.103.· .• 2.37 .081. ..•134 . . 1400 2.23 ... 077 .100 2.54 .100 .130
1100 2.29 .082 .•124 •.2.61 . ·.106 .160 1600 2.55 .101. .. .130 2.9·1 .. 131 .•161 ·
1200 2;50 .097 ;147 ,• ?.85 . . 126 •182 1800
..
2.87· .128 ,162 3;27 .166. .. .201 .
. .·.
1300 2.71 .114 .111 ·· 3,08 .148 ~212 2000 3.19 .158 .199 3.63 '.205 .245
1400 2.92- -.132 - .197. 3,32 .17.1 ·• .243 .•.2.500 ·3.99 ·.247 .306 '4.54 ~320 · ..37.4'.
1500. 3.13 .152 .225· 3.56 .196 .•.277 3()00 4.79 .356·· .•436 5.45 .460 .530
1600 3.34. . 173 ·.255 3.80 ,.223 . .313 3500 5.59 .484 .589 . 6.35 ~627 . ;112
•· 1700 . 3.5~ .195 .286 . 4.03 .. 252 . .351 4000 e:s0 .632 .764 •.·7.26 .. .;819 . ,920 .. ·
. . '
.1800 3.75 .218 ··.320 <4.27 .283 . •391 4500 7.16 .800 . .962 . 8.17 1.04 1.15.
H~OO. .··3:96 .243 ..355 .4.51 . ;315' ;<\34 .. .5000· .7.98 ;988 .1.18 9.08 1.28 . 1.42
. 2000 4.17 .. ,210 .392. 4.74 .349 : ;478 • 6000 9.57' 1.42. 1~69. 10.89 .1.84 2.01
·2500 . 5.21.· .421 .. .605 5.93 . ' ~546 .732 .. 7000 11 :11 ' 1.94 2.29 i2.71 2.s1· 2.72
3QOO . 6.25 .607 .864 .. 7.12 ;786 1.0, . 8000 12.77 2.53 2.98 14.52· . 3.27 3.53
..
3500 7.30 ..826 1.17 8.30 . . 1:07 1.40 9000 14.36· 3.20 3.77 16.34 4.. 14. ·4.44

~
4000 8.34 1.08 1.52 . · 9.49 1.40 1.81 10;000. 3.95 .· 4.64 ..18.16 . 5.12 ·.5.45
4500 .'9.38 1.37 1.91. 10.67. 1,77 2.27.· 11.000 .4.78 5;50· 19.97 .6.19 6.58
5000 10.42. 1.69 .. 2.35 .11.86 2.18 2.79. 12.obo 19.15 5.69 . 6.65 .• 21.79 7.37 7;80
6000 12.51 ·2.43 3.37 14.23 3.14 3.98 13.000 20.74 6.68 7.98. 23,60 .·.· 8.65 9;13
.··

.7000·
8000
14.6
16~7
.3.30 4.49.
·4.32 . 5.86
16.60 4.28 ·. 5~37
18.97 . 5.59 6.98
14,000
15,000
22.3
23.9 .
7.75
8.89
.9;1)3 . 25.42
10.4 27.23
10.03' 10.6 ·.
11.51 12.1 .
9000 18.8 5:47 7.39 21::'~5 7.'07 8.79 16;000 25.5 10.t 11.8 29.05 13,10 13;7
.10.000 20.8 6.75. . 9.11 23.72 . 8.73 10.8 17,000 27.1 11.4 13.3 30.86 14.79 15.S
11,000 22.9 8.17 11.0 26.09 10.56 · 13.0 18,000 28.7 12.8 14.9 32.68 16.58 . 17.3 ..
.. .
12.000 .9.71 13.3 28.46 12.57 15.5 20.000 31.9 15.8 18.3 3.6.31 20.46 21.3
13,000 25:0
27.1 ·•· 11.4 15.3 30.83 14.75 .18.1 22,000·· as.1· 19.1 . 22~2 38.94 24.76 25.8
'14,000. 29:2 13.2. · 17.7. 33.20 17.11 . 21.0 24,000 se:a 22.8 26;4 45.57 29.47 .30.6
15,000 31.3 15.2 20.3 35.58 19.64 24.0 ·. 26.000 4fs 26.7 30.9 47.20 34.58 35;9
17.3 .
~
16.000 33.3 23.1.· 37.95 22.35 27.3 . 28.000 44.7 31,0 35.8 50.84
.17,000 35.4 19.5 26.1 40.32 25.23 .·. 30:8 30.000 47.9 35.6 41.1 . 54.47 46.04 47.6
18.000 37.5 21.8 29.7 42.69 28.27 34.5 •· 32.000 51.1 40.5 46.7 . sa.10 52.39 54.1
20.000 41.7 21.0· 36.0 47.43 34.92 . 42.9 34.000. 54.3. 45.7 ·s2.1 61;73 59.14 61.0
22,000 45.9 32.7 ,43.5 52.18 42.26 51.3. 36.000 57.4 51.2 59.1 65.36. 66.30 68.4
24,000 50.0 38.8 52.7 56.92 50.29 61.0 38,000 60.6 57.1 65.8 68.99 73.88 76.1

Note: No allowance has been made to~ age, diff&rerice in diameter, or any abnormal condition. of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and. the requirements of eacti ·
·particular installation. It is recommend.ed that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to . the values in .the tables-see. page 3~5. . . . .
.
.,, --
-. ... --
•.:i -

r,..)
"

Friction

Friction of Water (Con1 inued)

(Based on Darcy's Formt la)

:·,..
"

Asphalt-dipped cast iron and new steel pipe

.. iI
181nch · 20 Inch
.: ,-,•
'

:.'
Asphalt-dipped New steel T.halt-dipped New steel
cast iron schedule 40 cast iron schedule 40

18.0" inside dia 16.876" mside dia 20.0" inside dia ·18.812" inside dia
Flow Flow

~
r
us Ve· Head Ve- Ve- Head us v !• Ve- Head Ve- Ve· Head
gal locity loss lo city lo city loss gal lo~ity. lo city loss lo city locity lass
per ft per head ft per ft per head· ft per per ft er head H per ft per ·head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft ioo n .min s c
I
ft 100 ft sec tt 100 ft

t •.~·
it.:·
q~i:
500
600
700
800
.. 900
.630
.756
.883
1.01
1.14
.006
.009
.012
.016
.020
.008
.012
.016
.019
.024
.717
.861
1.00
1.15
1.29
.008
.011
:016
.020
.026
.011
.015
. .020
.026
.032
800
1000
1200
·1400
1600
t,:r
1.' 2
1. 3

1. 3
.010
.016
.023
.032
.041
.012
.025
.033
.042
.923
.0.17 . 1.15
1.39
1.62
1.85
.013
:021
.030
.041
.053
.015
.023
.032
.043
.055

~
t
··;10: 1000
1200
. 1400
1.26
1.51
1.77
.025
·-.036
.048
.029
.041
.056
1.43
1.72
2.06
.032
.046
.063
.039
.055
.073
1800
2000
2400
1.$4

2. 5
.052
·.oss
.093
.053
.065
.091
2.08.·
2.31
2.77
.067
.083
.119
.068
.083
.112

1 t '. i 1600
1800
2.02
2.27
.063
.080
:012
.090
2.96
2.58
.082
.103
.093
.116
2800
3200
214·
2. 6
3. 1
.127
.166
.123
.159
3.23
3.69
.Hl2
.212
.150
.193
i
~ • i, 2000
2500
2.52
3.15
.099
.154
.110
.•168
2.87
3.59
.. 128
.200
.137
~208
··3600
4000
3:g~
4. 9
.210
.259
.199
.245
4.16
4.62
.268 .
.331
•24.1
.295.
I•:;. . -- - - 3000 3.78 .222 ;239 .287 ;294 . -s. 0 5.77 . .517
6:~3
4:30 5000 .405 •377 .452
3500 4.41 .302 .323 5.02 .391 ;394 . 6000 .583 .539 6.93 .744 .641.' • i
~-'
4000 5.04 .. 395 .418 5.74 .511 . .508 7000 7. 5 .793 8.08 1.01 .862

I
.728

i: 4500
5000
6000
5.67
6.30
7.57
.500
.617
.888
:s26
.647
.924
6.46
7.17
8.61
.647
.798
1.15
·.637
..780
1.11
8000
9000
10.000 •J'
9.
1
9
.2
1.04
1.31
1.62
.946
1.19
1.47
9.23
10.4
11.5
1.32
1.68
2.07
1.12
1.40
1.72.
i
'
·~. 2~45
7000 8.83 1.21 (25 10.0 1.57 '1.49 12.000 1: .3. 2.33 2:10 .13.9 2.98
. 8000 10., 1.58 1.63 11.5 2.04 1.94 ,14,000 .1· .3 3.17 2.85 16.2 4.05 3.32

~;,;
'
~
9000 11.3
111~.::~
2.00 2.05 12.9. 2.59 15,000 ,3.64 3.27 17.3 4.65 3.79
10,000 .12.6 2.47 2.52 1.4.3 ·3.19 9 16.000 4.14'. . 3.71 18.5 5.29 4.31 l
\
12.000 15.1 3.55 3.62 '17.2 4.60 7 18.000 fo.4 5.25 4.68 20.8 6.70 5.42 I
14.000 17.7 4.84 4.91 6.26. 2 ).4 6.48 5.77 23.1 8.27 6.67 !
20.1 5.77 20.000
16.000 .20.2 . 6.32 .6.40 22.9 .8.18 7.51 . 22,000 2>.5 7.84 .6.97 25.4 10.0 B.05
'

:. 18,000
20.000
22.000
24,000
26.000
22.7
25.2
27.7
30.3.
32.8
7.99
9.87.
11.9
14.2
16.7
8.08
9.96
12.0
14~3 .
16.8
25.8
26.7
31.6
34.4
37.3
. 10.3
12.8
15.5
18.4
. 21.6
9.46
11.6
14.1
16.7
19.5
24,000
26,000
28.000
30,000
32.000
2 .5
2 ).6
21.6
3).6
32.7
9.32
10.9
12.7
8.29
9.71
11.3
.14;5 . 12.9
16.6 14.7
27.7
30.0
32.3
34.6
36.9
11.9
14.0
16.2
18.6
21.2
9.55
11.2
12.9
14.8
16.9
'

'

::•.
:

r
• ! I

28.000 3 19.3 19.4 40.2 25.0 22.6 34,000 18.7 16.6 39.2 23.9 19.0 '
30.000 37.8 22.2 22.3 43.0 28.7 25.9 36,000 3 .8 21.0 18.5 41.6 26.8 21.3
32.000 40.3 25.3 25.3 45.9 32.7 29.5 38,000 3 .8 23.4 20.7 .43_9 29.9 23.7
34.000. 42.9 28.5 28.6 48.8 36.9 33.2 40.000 4 .9 25.9 22.9 46.2 33.1 26.2
: 36.000 45.4 32.0 32.0 ·51.6 41.4 37.2 45.000 4~.o 32.8 28.9 51.9 41.9 33.1

£: 38.000
·40.000
42.000
44.000
47.9
50.4
53.0
55.5
35.6
39.5
43.5
47.8
35.7
39.5
43.6
47.8
54.5
57.4
60.2
63. l
46.1
51.1
56.3
61.8
41.4
45.9
50.S
·ss.4
50,000
55,000
60,000
65,000
$1 .1
E'6.2
E2.3
E6.4
40.5
49.0
58.3
68.4
35.7
43.1
51.3
60.2
57.7
63.5
69.3
75.0
51.7
62.6
74.5
87.4
40.8
49.3
58.6
68.6

'::.
46.000 58.0 52.2 52.2 66.0 67.6 60.5 70.000 ~ 1.5 ·79.3 69.8 80.8 101 79.5

Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diame er. or any· abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerci ii design purposes a safety factor of 15 to

•:; 20°/o be added .to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.
. '

•;, 3-27
 I) ln.gersoH·Dresser
. .
Pumps · . ·. Came!on ~Hydraulic. Data·
.' ' . .. ' . . .. ~ . .. . .··

. .
Friction of Water (Continued) .·
.· . (Basefj
.
on . Darcy's
.· .
Formula)·
. . ...
. . ~ . . .
. . Asphalt-dipped cast iron and ~ew steel pipe
. 24 Inch 30 Inch ·

·Asphalt-dipped New steel ·Asphalt-dipped New steel

cast iron : schedule 40 · cast iron schedule.JO
24.0" inside dia ·. ··· ·.: 22.624;. iriside.dia · 30.0" inside dia 28.7'.50"'inside.d1a.
·.
Flow. Flow
us ·.vfi...
·Ve-• Head ·.. Ve· Vee · Head us Ve- Ve· Head Ve·. Ve~ Head
gal. lo cityiocity loss . lo city iocity loss· gal lo city locity ·.loss.' locity locity. IOss
per·· ti per head. ft per fl per head.· ft per per. ft per head . ft per. tt per head ft per
·min sec : • ft.: . 100 ft ·sec•· .ft .100 ft min sec ft 100 fl, sec ft 100 ft .•.
"

'800 ·.56,1 •• ;OOS ;005 :638 .006 ';006 ' 1000 .454 .003 .002 .494 .004 ;003
1000 .709 ·.008 :oor .798 .010 .009
.013 ·.
1200 ~$45 • .005 .003. .593 .005 '' .004
1200 .851 .011 .010 .958 .014 '' 1400 ;535 .006 .005 .692 .007 '.005'
1400 " .993 ~015 :013. 1.1.2 ;019. ;017 1600 '·.726 •.obs ·.006 .791', .010 ·, .007
',
1600 1.14 .020· ·.on 1.28 .025 .022 '1800 .817 '•
'•
~010. .007. .890 .. ;012.'. .009
" "
....
1eoci 1.28 .025 . ~021 ·• 1.44 . .032 ··.028 •. "
2000 .;908 '.013 ;009. _;988 .0.15 .010
2000
2400
1.42.·· .031
l;70' .045
.026
.037
1..60 ~040 .034.
1.92 ·.057 •' ..•047,'
·2400' 1:09
2800 • 1:27.
.018.
.025'
.012' l.19
.016 .1.38
. .030'
;022 '· :015•··
••019
2800 .1.99 ,' .061 . ;049 2.24. ·.078 .063 :3200 1.45 .033' .021 1.58 ·..039 .:025
3200 2.27., :oso' :063 2,55 ,101 ·.080 " 3600 1.63 .041. .02&· . 1.78 ' .049 ~031'
''

.3600.' 2.55 .t01 .019 .2.87· " :128' .096 4000 1.82 .051 ···· .032: 1.98 .061 ·.037'
4000 2:84· ·:125 ·. .097 3.19 .158 ~11,8 ' 5000 .2.27. .080' ·.048 2.47 .095 .057
.5000 '.3.55 .. 195' '.149 ·3.99 '.247 ,,.179 6000· 2.72 .115. ' .069 2.97 .136 :011 ...
6000· 4:26 .281 ...212 ,· ·D9 .356 .254 7000 3.18 ;157''. .092 3.46 .186 '.103
7,000 4.9Ei ··.383 .287 5.59 .484 .... .341 ', 8000 3.63 .205' .119 ,' 3.95' '.243 ,·. .133
.. ·..
8000 5,67, .500 .372 6.39. :633 '.440 9000 . 4.09" ...259 .150 4.45' .307 .166
._.552_ 10;000 4.54 .320 ..184 '4;94 ~379 .203
6.38' .632' '468.
9000
10.000
12,000
7.09
8.51.
.tar· ,575·.
1.12 .823
¢t!>
'
'.801
·.989 I .676;
1<42 ;;JQill
• 12,000 5.45.' ' A60 ·
'14,000 .6.35 • .627 ,'
;919,
..263' 5.93·
.355 . 6.92
..546. .211··'··,
:743 ·.•386
.970 .·· '.500'
14,000 9.93 1.53' .1.11 11.2 .1 ..94 '• 1;30 '16.000. .7.26 .461 .. 7.91
·'
"

16,000 11.3 2.00 1.45 , '12.8 2.53 :1;68 ,18 .• 000 8.17 .•. 1.04 .. 581 8.90 1:23 .· .627
18,-000 12.8 2.53 1.83' ' 14.4 3.20.·. 2.12 20.000 908 · 1.28 ;714 9.88 .. 1.52 ..769
. 20.000· '14.2 . 3J2 .. 2.25 16.0 3.95· 2.60 ·. 22,000 gi'.99 > .,L55 .861•· .·10.e 1.84 ·926.'
22,000 1.5.6 3.78 .2.72 ' .17.6 4.79 3.13 '24,000· 10.9 1,·a4 1.02 · . 11.,9 .2.18 1.10
24,000 17.0 ·.· ·4.50 ·3.23 "
19.2 5.69 3.71 26.000.' 11.8 2.16 1.20 12.9 2.56' .1.28

26.000• · 18.4 5.28 3.78 20.8 6.68 '4.34 ··20.000· 12.7 2:51 ,· 1.39 13.8 2.97 .1.48
28.000 19;9 ' 6.12- '.4.38 22.3 7.75 5.03.' 30,000 13.6 ,· 2.88,, 1~59 ·. 14.8 3.41 1.69
30.000, 21.3 7.03. 5.02 23.9 8.90 5;76 • 35,000 15;9 "
3.92 2.15' 17.3 ' 4.64 •. 2.29
34,00Q 24.1 9.02 6.44 .·27.1 11.4 7.36 40.000 18.2 5.12. 2.81 ,19.8 .6.07 '2.97
·3a.ooo 27.0 : 11.3 8.o3 30.3 14:3 ,' 9.17 .45,000 20.4 •'
6.48 3.54 22.2 7,68 3.75.'
•'

• 42,000 29.8 13;8 9.80 33.5 17.4 11.2 50,000 22.7, .7;99 4.37 24,7 ,' 9.48 4.61
46;000 32.6 16.5 11.7 36.7 20.9 13.4 '55,000 25.0 9.67 .,
5.28 27.2 11.5 5.56
50,000 35:5 19.5 13.9 39.9' 24.7 15.8 60,iJOO. 27.2 .11.5 ·6.27 29:1 13;6 6;60
60,000. 42;5' 28.1.•· 19;9 47.9. 35.6 22.6 65,000 29:5: '13.5 7.35 32.1 ,16.0 7.73
70,000' 49.6 38.3. ~7.1 55.9 .48.4 30.7 70,000 31.8 15.7 8.52 '34.6 18.6 8.95

80,000 56.7 50.0 3s.3 63.8 63:3 40.0' '75,000 34.0 .. 18.0 9.77 37.1 21.3 10.3
90,000 63.8 63.2 44.7 ·. 71.8 80.1 50.6 80,000 36.3 20.5' 11.1 .. 39.5 24.3 •' 11;7
100,000 70.9 78.1. . 55.1 79.8 98.9 62.3 85,000 38.6 .23 ..1 . 12.S ; 42.0 27.4 13.1
110,000 78.0 94.3 .65.6 87.8 110 . 75.3· 90,000 40.9 25.9 14.0 144.5 . 30.7.' '14.7
120,000 85.1 ' 112 ' .78.S '95.8. 142' 89.6 100,000 45.4 32.0 17.3 49.4 37.9' 18.1 '

. '·'·
Note: No. allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter. or any abnormal c.ondition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must· be estimated from the local coriditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design. purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

_,..:..-,,..-:~--- ... --s·-··.--·-.........--.. ~·

·~~:3~~,i~oo~:
I f) 00
 .Friction

Friction of Water (Continued) 1

(Based on Darcy1s Form1 18
1) .

Asphalt-dipp~d ~ast iron and m tw steel pipe

36 Inch.· 421nch

Asphalt-dippe9 New steel 42.0" inside dia

cast iron schedule 40
Cast
36.0" inside dia 34.500" inside dia iron
Flow F ow asphalt New
us Ve- Ve· Head Ve· Ve· Head l' s Ve- Ve- dipped steel
gal lo city lo city loss locity lo city loss c~al locity lo city
per ft per head ft per f1 per head ft per per ft per head Head loss
min sec ft 100 ft sec ft 100 ft ftiin sec ft ft/100 It

1400
1600
.441
.504
.003
.004
;002
.002
ABO
.549
.004
.01)5
.002
.003 ~000
000
.463
.695
'.003
.007
.002
.004
.002
.003
1800 '.567 .005 .003 .618 .006 .004 '~000 .926 .013 .006 .006
2000 ' .630 .006 .004 .686 :001 .004 ·:5000 1.16 .021 .009 .009
2400 .756 .009 .005 .824 .011 .006 ;sooo 1.39 .030 .013 .012

2800 ·.883 .012' .007 .961 .014 .008 !1000 1.62 .041 .017 .017
'3200
3600.
4000
5000

6000
'7000
1.01
1.14
1.26
1.58

1.89'
'2.21
.016
.020
.025
.039

'.056
.076
.008
.010
.013
''

.019

.027
.037
, .10
1.24
1.37
1.72

2.06
2.40
',019
.024
.029
.046

.066
.090
~010
.013
.015
.023

.033
.043
r BODO
' 1.85''
2.08 •
1 .000' 2.32
1 .000 · 2.55
1
I
12.000
14.ooo
2.78
'3,24
.053
.067
.063
.101

.120
.163
.•022
.027
.034
.040

.048
.064
.021
.026
.032
.037

.043
.058
8000 2.52 .099 .048 2.75 .117 .054 3.71 .213 .083 .075
9000 2.84 .125' :060 3.09 .148 .067 1looo,000 '4.17 .270 '.104 .094
10,000 3.15 .154 .073 3.43 .183 .082 2 : ,000 4:63 '.333 .128 .114

12,000 3.78 .222 '.104 4.12 .. 263 .115 2s.ooo 5.79 .520 .198 .175
14.000 4.41 ·.302 .140 4.81 .358 .155 3D.OOO 6.95 .749 .282 .249
16.000 5.04 .395 .182 5.49 .468 .200' .3 ~.000 '8.11 1.02 .382 .335
18.000 5.67 .500 .228 6t 18 .592 .250 4P.OOO 9.26 1.33 .497· .434
20,000 6.30 .617 '.281 6.86 .731 '.307 45.000' 10.4 1.69 .626 • .545
.
~ ~
25,000 .962 a:s8 1.14 .471 5p.ooo 11.6 2.08 .771 .669
30,000 6- 1.39 622 10.30 ' 1.65 .671 · . 60.000 13.9 3.00 1.11 .954
35,000 11.0 1.89 . .8 12..0' 2.24 .906 iJ.000 16.2 4.08 1.50 1.29
40.000 ,· 12.6 2.47 1.10 13.7 2,.93 1.18 SJ.ODO 18.5 5.33 1.95 1.67
50.000 15.8 3.86 1.70 17.2 4.57 1.82 90.000 . 20.8' 6.74 2.47 2.11

'60,000 '18.9 5.55 ' 2.45 20.6. .6.58 2.60 1ap.ooo 23.2 8.32 3.04 2.60
70,000 '22.1 7.56 3.32 24.0 8.96 3.52 11~.000 25.5 10.1 3.67 3.13
80,000 25.2 9.87 4.33 27.5 11.7 4.58 1~0.000 27.6 12.0 4.37 3.72
~~g:ggg
90,000 28.4 12.5 5.47 30.9 14.B 5.77 30.1 14.1 5.12 '4.35
100.000 31.5 15.4 6.74 34.3' 18.3 7.11 32.4 16.3 5.93 5.04
I

110,000 . 34.7 18.7 8.15 37.7 22.1 8.58' 15.o.ooo 34.7 18.7 6.80 5.77
120,000 37.8 22.2 9.69 41.2 ·26.3 10.2 1~0.000 ' 37.1 21.3 7.73 6.56
130,000 41.0 26.1 11.4 44.6 30.9 11.9 1r.ooo 39.4 24.1 8.73 7.39
140,000 . 44.1 30.2 13.2 48.0 35.8 • 13.8 1 0,000 41.7 27.0 9.78 8.28
150.000 47.3 34.7 15.1 51.5 41.1 15.8 1 0,000 44.0 30.0 10,.9 9.21

160.000 ' 50.4 39.5 17.2 54.9 46.8 18.0 2( 0,000 46.3 33.3 12.1 10.2
170,000 '53.6 44;6 19.4 58.3 52.8 20.3 2: 0,000 57.9 52.0 18.8' 15.6
180.000 56.7 50.0 21.7 61.8 59.2 22.8 3( 0,000 69.5 74.9 27.1 22.4
190,000 59.9 55.7 24.2 65.2 66.0 25.3 3! o.ooo 81.1 102 36.8 30.4
200,000 63.0 61.7 26.8 68.6 73.1 28.0 4( 0,000 92.6 133 48.0 39.6

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diamE ter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended lhat tor most commerci 1:11 design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values_ in the tables-see page 3-5.

ife/ioojb """·
0 14335·3
·'f'·· ,~
.LJ"
I ""'
1
t //o;ft
3-29
 :., . ~ ; ' ' . . . :. -

';, ·. ·. .'.. : .'"·

I) lngersoll·Dr~sser Pu~ps ·
Friction of Water (Continued)
· (Based on Darcy's Formula) . .
·Asphalt-dipped casfiron and new steel pipe
48 Inch 54 Inch

· ..
,, 48.0" inside dia 54.0" inside dia

cast ... Cast

. iron . iron
Flow. ,. al;phalt New ·.Flow asphalt .New
"
us dippet! · . steel .u.s: "
dipped steel "

gal Velocity Velocity . . .. -.. - gal.·. Velocity Velocity "

loss ·.
''

. .per ft per head· · head per .. ft per head . · .·. head loss •
''

min sec 'ft ft/100 ,ft ' : "' min ... .sec It . · ft per 100 tt.
"·, " ' ' ....' ''
" "
'2000 .355 .002 .001' .oo~ : 10.000 1.40 .030 ·.010 ;009 , .
•·3000 .532 '.004 .002· .002 ,12.000 '1.68 .. 'i.044 .. 013' .013'
'4000 .709' '.008··· ', .003 .oo;r ,' ,14.000 .· ,. 1.96 ... ·.0.60 ·.·. .018 .017'
5000.' .887 .012 : ~005 .005 ,16.000' ,2.24 " .. 078.' ;023 .022 .··.·.
6000 .. 1.06 .o18
''
.007 .oo~. 18.000: 2.52 .099 "
~029'
.· .027
" " .~

:tao·.
'

'7000 .• 1.24 '.024 .009 : ,.·.009: 20.000' .122 .036 ~033

8000.· 1.42' Jl31 ;011 ' ' .010. 22.000 ·. 3.08 '' .... <147 .043 . .• 039
,
9000 ' 1.60 .040 ' ;Q14 .014' '24.000 ' 3.36, '.175 .051 : .047.·.·
10.000' J.77·.·': .049 ~017 ~011 ·•26.000 " 3.64 . ·.· .. .. 206'. .059 .·: .• 054
'12.000 '' ·.·• 2:.13' .070 .024 .0.23' ' 28,00Ci·• .3.92' .239 .: .069 ·..-.. ;062
"
14.000 ·.. 2.48 .096 .033 ;031 '30.000 .,'· '4.20' · ...274 ',079 .071
16,000 2.84. .125 .042 ··: .039 35,000' " 4.90 ';
.373' '' .106 .·, '' ' •.096
18,000, '. 3.19, .158 .0.53 ·..•048 40,000 ·5.60 '.48.7 .131 .123
.· ..· 20,000 3.55 .195' .065 ·.· .•os9: .45,000 6.30 .617 .173 .154 ''
,' 25;000 ' 4.43 ;304 ';100 ·.092 50,000 7~00 :.761 •' .213 .189
.. ' ' - : "'
'' 30.000 5.32· .439 '' .143 ' .130 60.000.· 6.41 1.10 ~304 ~267

'.····.~~~.·
35:000 ~ 6.21 ·.598' .193. .-70.ciOO 9.81 '1.49 .412 ..360'
40.000 ·7.09 .779' .251.: .. 80,000 ,' 1L2 '
1.95 ' .536. .465 '•
45,000 " '7.98 · .sa1 ,316 .·.· .•.•279 ''90.000 ·. 12.6 '' 2.47 ·~.676'
"
' .•584
50.000···. 8.87 1.22 ;.389 .•340 .·100.000 1:4.0 3,05 '' .833 :111,'
"· '' :
55.000 9.75 "
'1.47' '.469' " 110,000
;406' 15.4 3.69 .J.01 · ~862
.· 60,oOO. 10.64 1.76 '·;556 ·120.000
.485 16.8 ,' 4.39· 1.19 1.02
70,QOO 12.41 2.39'··
: ''

' .•754 •654130,000' '18.2' 5.15 '' '1;40 '1.19 ·.

'80.000 . 14.18 .3.12 . ;ga2. .849 140,000, ·.· ', 19.6 5.97 1.62..··· .··•.·1.38., .,·
90.009 15.96 ' ' 3.95 ''
1~24 ·: '1.07, : 150:000 21.0 6.85 1.86 '" .1.58 . ··

100,000' '17.73 4.88 1.53 . •. ·. 1.31 160,000' 22.4 .7.80 ' 2.11 '• ,: 1.79
110.000 "
19.50' .5.90 1.84 '• '1.58' '·170,000 •. 23.8 ' 8.80 ··.·.2.38 ~02
"·
'120.000 21.28 7.03 2•.19 ..· ' 1.88' 180.000 1 ... 25.2 9.87 2.67 2.26
13,0,000, ·. 23~05 8.25 ···2.s2 · ,' 2:20. .'.190,00.0 ,26~6 11.0 ·. 2;97 '2.51 •'
140;000 "' 2'4'.82 9.56 2;99 2,54 .. ·200.000' '' 28.0 "· '

12.2 .3:29 ,' 2:n

150,000 ·. 26.60 ' 11.0 3.41 '2.91 · 250,000 ·. ,' 35.0 19.0 5.13. 4.30
200.000 ·a5.5 '', 19~5 6.04 ' 5.14 '3.00,000' 42.0.• 27.4 7.37 >6,16
250.QOO · '44.3 30.5 9.42 ·.. 7.99. ·• 350,000 ' '49.0 '.·
37.3 '10.0·· '8.36
300.000 ·• 53.2 43.9 13.5 .11~5 '400.000.' · 55,0· 48.7 13.1 10.9
350,000 ., 62 •.1 59.8 .18.4 15.6 '450,000 '63.0 61.7 16.5 13.7
'

.400.000. 70.9 '78.i 24.0 ··20.3 ·500.000·. .70.0' ''

76.1 20.4' 16.9
450.000' 79.B 98.8 '30.4. 25.6 .550,000 77.0 92.1' 24.7 20.5
500,000 88.7 '122 37.5 31.6 600,000' 84.0 110 29.3 24.3
550.0QO· · 97,5 148 45.4 38.2 '650,000' 91.1 129 34.4 28.5 ·.
'' 600.000 106 176 54.0 45;4 •'
7.00.000 ', 98.1 149 ·.·.· 39.9 33.0

. Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in .diameter, cir. any abnormal condition of interior.·.·
.surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions arid the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for mostcomtnercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3·5. · · · · · ·

I
.),.J ·•

Friction
f ·";
. '

.·

•::c~: . &Olnch
Friction of Water · .New Steel I>ipe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Fori nu la)
72 Inch 84 Inch .

,,,
·:

··)· \
,,:
Flow
Nominal size

60.0" inside dia

Flow
Nominal

72" inside d a
si2~

Flow
· Nominal size

84.0" inside dia

.I.=·~
us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head us Ve- Ve- Head
gal lo city locity loss gal lo city locity loss gal locity lo city loss
I
per ft per head ft per per ft per head .ft per per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft

c·
.
/ .'1 14,000 1.59 .039 .010 16,000 . 1.42 .031 .007 24.000 1.39 .030 .005
!' 16,000 1.82 .051 .013 ·20.000 1.56 . .039 .008 26,000 1.51 .035 .006
) 18,000 2.04 .065 .017 22,000 1.73. .047 .010 26,000 1.62 .041 .007
~('·
E
20,000 2.27 .080 .020 24,000 1.89 .056 .012 30,000 1.74 .047 .008
22.000 2.50 .097 .023 26,000 2.05 .065 .013 35.000 2.03 .064 .011

£\ ../
!
:.)
'\
' 24,000
26.000
28,000
30,000.
35,000··
2.72
2;95
·. :115
.135
3.18 . .157
3.40 .180
~027
.032
.037
.042
·. 28,000
. 30,000
35,000
40,000
2.21
2.36
2.76
3.15
:016
.087
.1 ~8
.154
.015
.. 018
.023
.029
40.000
. 45,000
50,000
55.000
2.32
2.61
2.90
3.18
·.083
.105
.130
.157
.014
.017
.021
.025
l 3.97 .245 •056 45,000 • 3.55 .195 .03 • 60,000 3.47 .187 .029

ttr 40.0oO 4.54 .320 .•072 50,000 .3.94 .241 .045 70,000 4.05 .255 .039

f
45,000 5.11 .405 .•091 60,000 4.73 .347 .063 80,000 4.63 .. 333 ·.051
·I 50,000 . 5.67 .500 .111 70,000 5.52 . .472 .085 90,000 . 5.21 .421 .063
.! . 60,000 . 6.81 .719 ~157 80,000· 6.30 .617 .110 100,000 5.79 .520 .078
70,000 7.94 .979 .•212 90,000 7.09 .781 .137. 110.000 6.37 .629 .093

••ii. · 80,000
90.000
100.000
110.000
9.08
10.2
11.3.
12.5
. 1.28
· 1.62
2.00
2.42
··.274
.345
.423
.509
100.000
110,000
120,000
130.000
7.88
8.67
9.46
10.2
.964
1.17
· 1.39
1.63
I .168
.203
.240
.280
120.000
130,000
140,000
150,000
6.95
7.53
8.11
8.64
.749
.879
1:02
1.17
.110
.129
.149
.170
.120.000 13.6 2.88 ' .603 140,000 . 11.0 1.89 .323. 160,000 9.26 1.33 .192
130,000 14.8 3.38 2.17 . .370
~.~
.705 150,000 11.8 170,000 9.84 1.50 .216
140,000 15.9 3.92 .815 . 160,000 12.6 . 2.47 .419 180.000 10.4 1.69 .242

:;.i 150.000
160.000
170,000

180,000
17.0
18.2
19.3

20.4
4.50
5.12
5.78

6.48
.933
1.06
1.19

1:33
170.000
180.000
190,000

200.000
13.4
14.2
15.0

15.8
7.89

3.48

3.86
.472
3.12. . .528
.587

.648
190,000
200,000
. 25(),000

300.000
11.0
11.6
14.5

17.4
1.88
2.08
3.25

4.68
;269
.297
.459

.655

::'
190,000 21.6 7.21 1.48 250.000 19,7 6.02 1.00 350.000 20.3 6.37 .886
200.000 22.7 7.99 1.64 300.000 23.6 8.67 1.44 400.000 23.2 8.32 1.15
250,000 26.4 12.5 2.55 350,000 27.6 11.8 1.95 450,000 . 26.1 10.5 1.45
300.000 34.0 18.0 3.65 400,000 31.5 .15.4 2.53 500,000 28.9 13.0 1.79

':\
350.000 39.7 24.5 4.95 450,000 35.5 19.5 . 3.20 550.000 31.8 15.7 2.16
400,000 45.4 32.0 6.45 500.000 39.4 24.1 3.94 600,000 34.7 18.7 2.56

r.)
450,000 51.1 40.5 . 8.14 550,000 43.3 29.2 4.75 650.000 37.6 22.0 3.00
' 500,000
.. 56.7 50.0 10.0 600,000 47.3. 34.7. 5.65 700,000 40.5 25.5 3.48
'' 550,000 62.4 60.5 12.1 '650,000 51.2 40.7 6.62 750.000 43.4 29.3 3.99
,J

)
600.000 68.1 71.9 14.4 700,000 55.2 47.2 7.66 800,000 46.3 . 33.3 4.53
650,000

::
73.8 84.4. 16.9 750,000 59.1 54.2 8.79 850.000 49.2 37.6 5.11
700,000 79.4 97.9 19.7 BOO.ODO 63.0 61.7 9.99 900,000 52.1 42.1 5.72
750,000 85.1 112 22.4 850,000 67.0 69.6 11.3 950,000 55.0 46.9 6.37
800,000 90.8 128 25.5 900.000 70.9 78.1 12.6 1,000.000 . 57.9 52.0 7.05
!
• Note; No allowance has been made for age. difference in dia neter, or any abnormal condition of interior
+ surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loc al conditions and the requirements of each
e,.: particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables~see page 3-5 .
• ii
e.1 ,1•:.
\

.;; .
:ij
... •
.~
cC'

.).).
I>. I
'.V I
:

.;I( ,;
,~I
I
3-31
.... ''. ·.. . . . . . . ', .... ·. .. ' ·. ' .

.I ) lngersoll·Dresser P11111ps
•' "• • ···-~ ro•"o . . . . . . . ...,;, .........-'. ·--• -· - •"" - • • , . .. F•-.- • -:••'
Cam~ron Hydraulic Data
· - •- .. ----·- - ··- •-

Friction of Water·.· New Steer Pipe (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's .Formula) ·
96 In.ch . t08 In.ch . 120 Inch·

·Nominal size. Nominal. size Nominal size

96.0" inside dia 108.0" inside dia 120.0" inside dia

Flow Flow Flow
us '.
Ve- Ve~ Head us ·ve- Ve- Head us .Ve- ve- Head·
gal locitY • tocity· ·loss: gal .lo city lo city. loss gal lo city lo city .·.fOss
per.· , ft per head ft .per per ft per . head ft per: per ft.per head ft per :

min.· sec ft ; '1.00 ft. min· .100, tt .. sec· • ft ' ···min •sec '• ft. 100 ft
..
12;000. .532; .004 . .001 15,000 ...525 ' .. 004· :001 ..·· 20,000 ;557. :005 '.001··
'14.000 ·.621 ·. '·.·.001.·. · .ooe 20:000 .700 .ooe . · .001 30,000 .851 .011 ' '.001
16,000 '.709' .008 '~001 .•. '' 25,000 ..876 .012' ·.002.•: 40,000 1.14 .020 ~002
•1a.ooo •.798 .010 ~002. 30,000 ·.1.05 .017 .002•· •,
50,000 1.42· .031 :004
20.000 .887... '.012 ';002 35,000 1.23' '.023 .003 . 60,000 no .045' .005
,• ...
22.obo .975 ~ :015 •002 . '40,000 . ·Um· .030 .004 . 70;0001.99, .061 . ·.001 '
24,000 1.06 .0.18 ' .·.003' 45,000 . 1.58 .039. ..005 ·,ao,ooo .2.27 .080 .009,
26,000 ).15 .021 •003 ·. 50.000 1.75 ••. .048 '•906.. 90,000 2;55 ..101 ,.• 011··,
28,000 .1.24 :·024 ' .004 60,000 2,10 .069 .• .· ;009<. 100,000 ·, 2.84. .125 .013.
30,000' ·1.33·.. :027 .00.4 .· ., .·• 70.000 '2.45 ... 093·.• .. ;011 110,000 3.1.2 .•, .15L .•016 ,.

40;000· >l.77 ,;007 .· ~049' '80,000 : .2.80. .122 .015. 1.20,000 3.40 .1.80 .~019 ,'
50,000 . 2.22 .076·' ··.• 011 . 90.000 3.15 : .154 .018' '130,000 3;69 .211 .022 '
60,000· 2.66 .110 .015. 19().000 3.50 . .190 ', .022· '140:000 ·.3.97 ' ..245 .025 .·'
70,000 3.10 ·. ;149 \ .020' 110,000 .3~85 .230 ..· .027 ; ·150,000 4.26 .281 .02s ·
80,000' .3.5~' ·.. 195 •.•026. " .120.000 :4:20 .·.274 '~031
. " ;. 160,000 '4.54 .320.· .••032'
"
... .·'
90,000 3.99 .247 .· .Q33 130,000 4.55' .322,, ·.•037' 170,000 ~4.83 '.361 · .036 .•
100.000 4.43 •.305 ,040 140 000' '4.90 .. 373 ' :042 1ao.ooo· 5.11 .405 :040
·' ~048 1so:ooo
','

110,000 4.88 ,:369 5.25 .428 0:048 ' 190,000 ··.5.39 .451 : .045
120,000 5.32 .439 .···;oss .. 160,000 ·.5.60 .487 ,054 .. 200.000' 5.67 .500 .049
.· 5.7'6 .515 : .06.6.· 170,000 5.95 .·.· .5.50 ·.· .. 061 250,000 7.09 .7.81 .076
•· . 130,000' "

140,000 .s:21 .598 ... •076' 1. 180,000 .6.30 .. .617 . .068 ·. 300,000 8.51 1.12 ·. · .• 108 ·.
· ·1so.ooo '6.65 .686·· .•087 19o.ODO. 6.65 ··.687 .076 '350,000 .·9.93 1.53 .145
160,000 .7.09 .. ·.781 •..oga 200,000 • 7.00 .761 .084' 400.000 11.3 2.00 .188
.. 170,000 7.54 .' :8s1 ;110 '250,000 8.76 U.9 ;129 . •' 450;000 , 12,s '2.53' ·.237
''
· 1ao.ooo • (;98 :988 .123.. 300;000 ···10.5 '· 1;71 ,;183 .500,000 14.2 '3.12 ' :291 '·
"
190,000 8.42 ' 1.10 ' '~137 350,000 ' 12.3 •. 2.33 .247 ' . '600,000 17.0 ···.4:50 '~416 .·:
200.000 B.&7 ·; 1.22 .151:. 400,000 14;0 3.05 .. .• 321 ···. 700.000 19.9 6.12 ';562 .
.1.91 :. ' ~233 .·
,250.000 11: 1 450.000 15.8 3.86 .404 800,000 .22.7 7.99 .731
300,000 13.3 .2.74 .333' .500,000 .· . 11.5 ·. 4.76 :497' '900,000 25.5 10.1 ;922
350,000 15.5 . 3;74 •.' .449 ' 600.• 000 . 21.o. 6:85 ~110: ' 1;000:000 ' 28 ..4 12~5 1.14
400,000 '.· 17.7' 4.88 .584 .700.000' '24.5 9.33 ~962 1;100,000 31.2 '15'.1 "
1.37
450.000 J9.9' 5;10 .735 800,000 ... 28.0'' 12.2 ,. 1.25 1,200,000 34.0' 18~0 1~63
500.000 22.2 .7.62 .sos 900,000 31.5 '• "15.4 1.sa ' 1.•300,000 '• .36.9 21.1 1.91
600.000 26.6 11.0 1.30 1:000,000 ,• 35.o··. l9.0 1.94' 1,400.000 39:7 24.s '2.21
700.000 31.0 14.9 1.76 '1.100,000 38.5· 23.0. 2;35 1,500,000. ·42.6 '28.1 2.53
<
'800.000 35:5 19.5· 2.29. .1.200,000 42.0 27.4 2.79 1,600,000 45.4 32.0. 2.87
900,000 39.9 24.7 2.88 1,300.000 ·, 45.5 32.2 ·. .3.27 1,700,000 48.2 36.1 3.24
1.000'.000 44.3 30.5 '3.55 1.400.000 '49.0' 37.3 3.78 1,800,000 51.1 •. 40.5 .·3.63
l.100,000 .48.8 36.9 4.29 1,500.000 52.5 42.B 4.34 1.900,000 53.9 45.1 4.04
1.200,000 ·.53.2 43.9' 5.10 2.000.000 56.7. 50.0 4.47

. Note: No allow(ince has been m<ide for age. difference )n diameter',. or any abnorrral condition of interior
surface. Any factor ·of safety must be estimated from the local. conditions and. the requirements of each
. particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a satety factor of15 to
· 20% be a.dded. to the values in the tables~see page 3-'5. ·
 •.,.,_. , -·· ... -·
Friction
...
:·:·' ....j
.. . . ·-···

•• '(-_.,

.. 144lnch
Friction of Water '
New Steel Pipe (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's .For.1 ~ula)
1681nch
'

192 Inch
i',_. '\

'
Nominal size
..

Nominal si.i e Nominal size

144.0" inside dia 168.0" inside 1~ia 192.0" inside dia

Flow Flow Flow

::i us
gal
Ve-
locity
Ve-
locity
He.ad
loss
us
gal
Ve-
lo city
Ve-
locity
Head
loss
us
gal
Ve-
lo city
Ve-
locity
Head
loss

I:•
per ft per head tt per peF ft per head ft per per ft per head ft per
min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft min sec ft 100 ft
\
30.000 .591 .005 ·.001 50,000 '.724 .006 .001 60,000 .665 .007 .001
40,000 .788 .010 .001 60,000 .868 .012 .001 ' 80,000 .887 .012 .001
50,000 '.985 .015 .002 70,000 1.01 .016 .001 100.000 1.11 .019 .001

··)
i

E
60.000 1.18 :022 .002 80,000 1. 16 .021' ~002 120,000 1.33 .027 .002
70,000 1.38 .030 . .003 90.000 1.30 .026 .002. 140,000 1.55 .037 .003

80.000 1.58: .039 ·.004 100,000 1.45 .033 .003 150,000 1.66 .043' .003

i
90.000 ' 1.77 .049 .005. 120,000 1.74 .047 .004 '160.000 1.77 .049 .003
'
' __) ·. 100.000 1:97 .. 060 .006 ·140.000 ·2.03 .064 .005 180,000 2.00 .062 .004
110,000 ·2:11 .073 .006 150.000 ' 2.17 .073 .005 200,000 2.22 .076 .005
,) . ' 120,000 .2.36 .087 '.008 160.000 2.32 .083 .006 220.000 2.44 .092 .006
f·;,•
r.

130,000
140,000
2.56
2.76
.102
.118
. .009
'.010
180,000
200,QOO ·
2.61
2.90
,105
.130
.008 240,000
250,000
2.66
2.77
.110
.119
.007
.007
.009'

%' ... 150.000 2.96 .. 136 ' .011 . 220,000 3.18 .157 .011 260,000 2.88 .129 .008

•.'»
160.000 3.15 .154 .013 . 240,000 3.47 .187 .013 280.000 3.10 .149 .009
l 170,000 3.35 .174 '.015 250.000 3.62. .203
I
I .014 300.000 3.32 .172 .010
..

180,000. 3.55 .1'95 .016 260.000 3.76 .220 .015 350,000 3.88 ·.233 .014
190,000 3.74 .217 .018 280,000 4.05 .255 .018 400,000 4.43 .305 .018
~ .) 200.000 3.94 .241 .020 300,000 4.34 .293 .020 450,000 5.00 .386 .022
. I
l ~ _i 250,000 4.93 .316 .030 350,000 5.07 .398 .027' 500,000 ·5.54 .476 .027
,' 300.000 5.91 .542 .043 400.000 5.79 .520 .035' 600.000 6.65 .686 .039
~ ~") '

350,000 '6.90 .738 .058 ·. 450,000 6.51 .658 .043 700,000 7.76 .934 .052 ..
~·· 400,000 .7.88 .964 .075 500.000 7.24 '.813 .053 . 800,000 8.87 1.22 .068

:i~:1.
' 450,000 B.87 1.22 .094 600,000 . 8.68 1.17 .076 900,000 9.97 1.54 .OBS
500,000 9.85 1.51 .116 700,000 10.1 1.59 .102 1,000,000 11.1 1.91 .104
600.000 11.8· 2.17 •165 800,000' 11.6 2.08 .133 . 1.200.000 13.3 2.74 .149

700.000 13.8 2.95 .223 900.000 13.0 2.63 ;167 1.400.000 15.5 3.74 .201
800,000 15.8 3.86 ,· .289 1,000,000 14.5 3.25 .205 1.600,000 17.7 4.88 .261

i'
900,000 17.7 4.88 .364 1.200.000 17.4 4.68 .293 1.800.000 .19.9 6.18 .329
1,000,000 19.7 6.02 .448 1.400,000 20.3 6.37 .396 2,000,000 22.2 7.62 .405
1,200,000 23.6 8.67 •641 1,600,0_00 23.7 . 8.73 .547 2,200,000 24.4 9.22 .488
..
1.400.000 27.6 11.B .869 1.800,000 26.7' 11.1 ·,690 2,400.000 26.6 11.0 .580
\ 1.500.000 29.6 13.6 .995" 2.000.000 29.6 13.6 .850 2.600.000 28.8 12.9 .679

:1. 1,600,000
1,800,000
2,000.000

2.200.000
2.400.000
31.5
35.5
39.4

43.3
47.3
15.4
19.5 .
24.1

29.2
34.7
1.13 .
1.43
1.76

2.12
2.52 .
2.200.000
2.400,000
2,600,000

2,800.000
3,000,000
32.6
35.6
38.5

41.5
44.5
16.5
19.6
23.1

26.7
30.7
1.03
1.22
1.43

1.65
1.89
2,800,000
3,000,000
3.200,000

3.400,000
3.600.000'
31.0
33.2
35.5

37.7
39.9
14.9
17.2
19.5

22.0'
24.7
.786
.900
1.02

1.15
1.29

:;
) 2.500.000 49.3 37.6 2.73 3.200.000 47.4 34.9 2.15 3.800,000 42.1 27.5 1.44
2,600,000 51.2 40.7 2.95 3,400,000 50.4 39.4 2.43 4.000.000 44.3 30.5 1.59
2,800,000 55.2 47.2 3.~2 3,600,000 53.4 44.2 2.72 4,500.000 49.9 38.6 2.01

•:•-'
9,'
Note: No allowance has been made tor age, difference In dia1 rieter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loc ~I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme1 cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3·5.

•<•r
•:·•1 ' l
. )

•··I
·-·i
.. - ii

•~.l
. '
3-33
 ··1) lngersoll·Dres~r· Pumps. .•. Cameron R~draulic Data
Friction Losses in Sin()otb Tubing ~~d Pipe ·
· ·Copper T~birig (Type K, L and M)-· S.P.S. Copperand Brass Pipe, Plastic
and Glass Pipe. · .. .• .··. · ·. .· . . .. . .. . . .. . · . · · ·· .·.. ·.... ··.· ··.·. . . . .
·.Smooth copper. tubing and pipe,· brass pipe,· plastic and glass pipe are·
available in vatj.ous . sizes and. types to. meet individual· requirements as ·
speeified-sizes may be different than standard. To avoid the ·neeessity of
interpolation and ~applying correction factors to the v$esfor .cast.iron.and.steel
pipe, a.speciaLs~toftableRis.included.herewith on pages 3"34 to 3-48 figured on
of
the basis· commerciaJly available copper tubing, and S:P ~s~ c'Opper an~i bras~ ·
pipe. . · · . · ; : • .· · ·• . .· . ·...· . ·. · ·.. ·.· ·•.· .•· ..·· . < . · · •·· ·•. · • .· •·. < .. ·
· .•· ... · · .···. . ·. ·.These tables are calculated using the Darcy-Weisbach equation (see page 3~3} . ·
·.. ·•·.and basisah absolU:teroughness parameterof0.000005 (see page.3;5l;since this .
·.···roughness. parameter applies. to Very smootfi·.pipe Or tubing·· •Safety ·. factor . a
.·· should' be . applied .in those 'cases ~o compensate fo:f possible: questionable · ·.
conditions;. as discllsseg o.n page, 3-5 it is suggested that for most commerCial •
design pll.rposes a safety factor tjf 15 to 20% be added to the head loss values in ·
the ·table's. . · .. . · · . · . . .·. .. . . .· . •.. . . .. ·.... · . . · . ·.. ·.. .· .. ·.· . · . · · .· ·. ·. .· . .
.... :It-shoµlq pe l1oted that· the h~ad lo~s data can· apply tcr any f1uid having ·..
a kinematic viscosityp -:- o.ooo 012. HLft2 /sec (l.130centistokes), which is
the viscosity.· for'pure fresh water af 60 6F.·Greater yiscos~ties· (colqet Water) .·.· ·
will increase the friction; lowerviscosities (warmer water) will decre~sethe
friction. . . · ··. · : ·.· · · .· ·.•... • . .·. . . ··. · .·. .. .· ' · · .· · .· .· ...· ...·. · · ·.· ·•.. · •. . · . •. . . · •. .
.... Frjction losses'for tubfog and P.ipe sizes between those listed in.the table~ rnay ·. ·.
. . be ~eterITlined with reasonable accur~cyusing a ratio of the fifth powers the ... · of
. diamete~~!%~~~~fi~~ loss. pipe. B ... known friction loss pipe A· (. Dfa A) 5

·. Fr1c
. t"ion o f ·.W a t er · Dia B
(Based ol\ Darcy•i Formula)·
... C()pperTubing~~S.P.S~ Coppe·r and Bra'ss Pipe.··.·
· '.. . .................._. .·.·. ···~··ln.. c• h. ·. . . ·•· . · . . . . ·.. · . ·
,' '' 7ll . ': ·~··· ..

.. . ·: . .
. Type K tubing .. ·.·.. Type L tlJbing · TypeM tubing *Pipe·.·.
.. ;

.Flow. • .402~ inside dia ·. · · :43o· inside dia .450'' in.side. dia .·.·. .494" inside dia Flow
-
. us.·.
.049" wall thk . 0:.15" wallthk . .025" w~llthk .0905" wall. thk -
US.
... Head·•·
gal .
. .. ,
Head .·Head· Head
. loss
.. gal
per., Velocity .. loss Velocity loss ' ve10City loss .Velocity·· per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft···. ft/sec . ft/100 ft .• ft/sec ft/100 ft ..ft/sec . ft/100 ft min
..
0.2•· ... 0.51 0.66 ... 0.44 .· 0.48. ;.0.40 0.39 0.34.· .. 0.26 0.2·
. 0.4 1.ot « 2.15. 0.88 1.57 0.81 1:21. .·o.s1 o.a2· 0.4
. . Q.6 . 1.52. .4.2.9 .. .1.33
«
3.12 . 1.21 2.52. 1.00. 1.63 0.6
0.8 2.02. 7.02 . 1.77 5.11 1.61 4.12 .,_34 ·. 2.66'· 0.8
1 ·.2.52 .. 10.32 2.20 « ·7.50. 2.01 . 6.05 1.68. 3.89 1
«

1W 3.78 2Ct86 ... ·:po 15.15 3.02 12.21 . 2.51 7.84 11/2
2 5.04 34.48 4.~o 20.03 4.02 20.16 3.35. .. 12.94 2
21/:i ··6.30 .51.03 5.50 37.01 ; . 5.03 29.80. 4.19 19.11 2V2
3 7.55 .: •,
.70.38 6.60 51.02 6.04 41.07 5.02 26.32 3
..
31/2 8.82 92.44 7.10 66.98 7.04 53.90 ·5.86 34.52 31/2
4 .10. 1 117.1 8.80 84.e5· 8.05 68.26 s.:10 43.70 4
41/2 11.4 144:4 9.90 104.6 9.05 84.11 7.53 53.82 41/2
5 12.6 174.3 11.0 126.1 · 10.os 101.4 . 8.36 64.87 5

Calculations on pages 3-34 to 3-48 are by Ingersoll-Rand Co. ·

Note:. No allowance has been made for age. difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be est.imated frof!l the local conditions and the requirements ot each

L
particular installation .. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the value.s in the tables.-see page 3-5.
Q ... QA
 "" Friction
Friction of Water (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's For'"ula)
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Coppe · and· Brass Pipe
Y2 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type 'v1 tubing "Pipe

Flow .527" inside dia .545" inside dia .569" ihside dia .625" inside dia Flow
.049"' wall thk .040" wall thk .028" wall thk .1075" wall thk
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
·per Velocity loss Velocity lass· Velocity lass Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft flisec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

0.74 0.88 0.69 0.75 0.63 0.62 0.52 0.40

3
1.47
2.20
2.94
3.67

4.40
2.87
5.n
9.52 .
14.05
19.34
1.38
2.06
2.75
3.44

4.12
2.45
4.93
8.11
11.98
16:48
1.26
1.90
2.53
3.16

3.79
2.00
. 4.02
6.61
9.76
13.42
1.04
1.57
2.09
2.61

3.1.3
1.28
2.58
4.24
6,25
8.59 3
I
3Y2 5.14 25.36. . 4.81 . 21.61 4.42 17.59 3.66 11.25 3V2
4 5.87· 32.09 5.50 27.33 5.05 22.25 4.18. 14.22 4
. 4Yz 6.61 39.51 6.19 33.65 5.68 27.39 . . 4.70 17.50 4V2
5 7.35 47.61 6.87 40.52 6.31 32.99 5.22 21.07 5
6 8.81 65.79. 8.25 56.02 7.59. 45.57 6.26 29.09 6
-7 10.3 86.57. 9.62 73;59 8.84 59.93 . 7.31 38.23 7
8 11 .8 109.9 11.0 93.50 10.1 76.03 8.35 48.47 8
9 13.2 135.6 . 12.4 . 115.4 11.4 . 93.82 ·9.40 59.79 9
10 14.7 163.8 13.8 139.4 12.6 113.3 10.4 72.16 10

5/e Inch

Type K tubing . Type L tubing Type ~ tubing *Pipe

Flow .. 652" inside dia · · ...666" inside dia .690" nside dia Flow
.049" wall thk .042" wall thk .030" wall thk
us us
gal Head Head ·Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity lass Velocity loss per
min ft/sec tt/100 ft ftisec ft/100 ft ft/sec tt/100 ft min

Y2 0.48 .0.31 0.46 . 0.29 0.43 0.24 '12

1 0.96 1.05 0.92 0.95 0.86. 0.76 1
1 V2 1.44 2.11 1.38 1.91 1.29 1.53 1V2
2 1.92 3.47 1.84 . 3.14 1.72 2.51 2
2V2 2.40 5.11 2.30 4.62 2.14 3.68 2V2

3 2.88 7.02 2.75 6.35 2.57 5.07 3

3V2 3.36 9.20 3.21 8.32 3.00 6.64 3V2
4 3.84 11.63 3.67 10.51 3.43 8.40 4
4V2 4.32 14.30 4.13 12.93 3.86 10.35 4 112
5 4.eo 17.22 4.59 15.56 4.29 12.49 5

6 5.75 23.76 . 5.51 21.47 5.15 17.21 6

7 6.71 31.22 6.42 28.21 6.00 22.58 7
8 7.67 39.58 7.35 35.75 6.85 28.54 8
9 8.64 48.81 8.25 44.09 7.71 35.35 9
10 9.60 58.90 9. 18 53.19 8.57 42.48 10

11 10.6 69.83 10.1 63.06 9.43 50.47 11

12 11.5 81.59 11.0 73.67 10.3 59.1 12
13 12.5 94.18 11.9 85.03 11.2 68.8 13

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter,· or any ·abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tabies-see page 3-5. ·

3-35
 o/'4 Inch
Type K tubing· Type L tubing Type M tubing · *Pipe
Flow .745" inside dia .785" inside dia .811" inside dia .a22- inside dia Flow
.065" wall thk .045" waU thk · .032" wall thk .114" wall thk
us
gal
per· . Velocity ...
··Head
loss \ieloCity ..
Head
.loss.•. ·
.
·'

Velocity
Head
loss velocity
Head
loss
·U.S
gal
.·.per
min · ft/sec> ft/10,0 fl ft/sec ft/100 ft . ft/sec .ft/100 ft .ft/sec ft/100 ft ·min

1 0.74 ·o.56 0.66 0.44 0.62 0.38·· 0.60 . 0;35 '1

. ·:< ·2 1.47 1.84 •'
1:33' 1.44 1.24. 1.23 uh · 1.16 .2
3 2.21 3.73 1.99 2.91 1.86 2;49 '1.81 2.34 3
4 2.94. .6.16 2.65· 4;81 2AB 4.12 : 2..42 3.86 ' ..
4
5 '3.67• 9.12' 3.31.'. 7.11 · 3.ro< 6.09 .3.02···· 5.71 5
..
6 . 4.41. '12.5.7 :3.98 9:80 3.12.· ·, '8.39.· 3.62 .. 7.86 i 6
7 5.14 16.51 4.64 •. 12.86 .. 4.34 11,01 4.23 .10.32··. 7
6 ,. 5.88. ,.· 20.91 5.30• .. 16.28.•. 4.96 13.94 ,• 4.83 ·. 13.07 8
9 6.61 ..· 25.77 5:9s .·' 20.06 5.59 .•.· 11;11 5.44 16.10 9
10 7.35, 31.08' 6:62 24.19 '6.20. ' 20.70 .6.04' 19.41 10
''

11 . 8.09. '36~83 7.29 28~66 .· 6.82 24.52 '6.64 22.99 >11

12 8.83 43.01. 7.95. 33~47' 7.44 .. 28.63 1.25 26.84 .. 12
13 .·.9_55···· 49.62 l:i.61 ' 38.61 8.06 33.02 .. 7.85 '.30.96.'.' 13
14
,. 15 ···.
·.· 10.3
. 11.0
56;66
64.11
9.27
9.94·
'. 44.07
49:86
8:ea .·.
9.30.
37.69
42.64 ·•·
8.45
·e.os.
35~33
39.97
. 14
·.· 15
16 ' 1.1.8 71.97 10.6 55.97 9.92 47.86' ·9.65 44.86 16
17 12.5 80.24 11.25 62.39 .10.55 .·. ·53.35 . 10.25 '50:00 17
18 . 13.2 as:92 ' 11.92 69.13 1U1 59.10 . 10;85. 55.40 18

' ' '

---- .-··-
._..:..-~----·'--
"~1~1n-ch- ~ -~-:--'"--t------·--:----:-

.. .,

Type K' tubing . TyPEI L tubing , Type M tubing ."Pipe

Flow .. 995" inside .dia < 1.02s~insidedia- . · 1.055" inside dia 1.062" inside ·dia . Flow
-
us
...
;065" wall th k .OSO"waU thk
..
.'.035" wall thk .1265" wal.1 thk
us
gal Head· Head, :Head .. .He.ad gal
per Veto city loss· Velocity. ·loss Veiocity. loss Velocity loaa per
.. min .. ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec · ft/100 ft. ft/sec • ft/100 ft ft/sec .ft/100 ft ··min

2 0.82 0.47 0.78 0.41 0.73 .·. 0.36 0.72 .0.35 2

3 1.24 0.95 1:17' o.i2 ·· ' 1.10 0.72 1.08 .·0.10 3
4 1.65 1.56 1.56 1.35 1.47 1.18 '1.45 •.· 1.14 4
5 2:0(). 2.30' 1.95 ·.·' 2.0Q 1.83 · .. 1.74 ·1.81 •' 1.69 5
6 2.48 3.17 . 2:34 2.75. 2.20 .. ,. .2.40 2.17' 2.32 6
7 2.89 4.15' 2.72 a.6.o 2.56• 3.14 ·.2.53 3.04 7
8 '3~30 5.25 3.11 .4.56' 2.93 3,97 2.89. 3;85 8
9 3.71 .6.47 .3.50 5.61 3;30 '4.89 ·.. 3.25 .· 4.74 9
.10 4.12 7.79 . 3.89··· 6.76 3.66 ·.' 5.89 3.61 5.71 10
12 4.95 10.76 4.67 9.33 4.40 •. 8.13 4.34 7.88 12
14 5.77 14.15 5.45 12.27 5.13 10.69' 5.05 10.36 14
1a 6.60 17.94 6.22 15.56 5.86 13.55 5,78 13.13 16
18 7A2 22.14 7.00 19.20 6.60 16.72 6.50 16.20 18
20 8.24 26.73 7.78 23.18 7.33 20.18 7.22 19.55 20
9.16 ·. ..
25 10.30 39.87 9.74 34.56 30.09 9.03 29.15 25
30 12.37 55.33 11 :sa 47.96 '11.00 41.74 10.84, 40.43 30
35 14.42 73.06 13.61 ' '63.31 12.82 55.09 .12.65 53.37 35
40 16.50 .93.00 15.55 80.58 14.66 70.11 ·. 14.45 67.90 40
45 18.55 115.1 17.50 99.72· 16.50 . 86.75 16.25 84.02 45
50 20.60 139;4 19.45 120.7 18.32. 105.0 18.05 101.7 50
Note: No allow;mce has been made for age, d.ifference in diam.eter, -or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation~ It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes .a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3.5; · ·

·R-Rn
....
····.:
Friction
··-·-----

.f ' · Friction of Water (Con~inued)

(Based on Darcy'$ Form&fla)

l::
Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper ••nd Brass Pipe
1V4 Inch
Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M ubing ·Pipe

Flow 1.245" inside dia 1.265" inside dia 1.291" ini ide dia 1.368" inside dia Flow
.065" wall thk .055" wall thk .042" w II thk .146" wall thk
us us

•e:··
~ t'
gal
per
min

5
Velocity
ftisec

1.31
Head
loss
ft/100 ft

0.79
Velocity
ft/sec

1.28
Head·
loss
ft/100 ft

0.74
Velocity
tvsec

1.22
Head
loss
ft/100 ft

0.67 :
Velocity
· ft/sec

1.09
Head
loss
ft/100 ft

0.51
gal
per
min

5
6 1.58 1.09 1.53 1.01 1.47. 0.92 1.31 0.70 6
I~

II
7 1.84 1.43 1.79 1.32 1.71 1.20 1.53 0.91 7
8 2.11 1.81 2.04 1.67 . 1.96 1.52 1.75 1.15 8
11 9 2.37 2.22 2.30 2.06 . 2.20 1.87 1.96 1.42 9

I'•
~~)
10
12
.15
20
2.63
3.16
3.95
5.26
2.67
3.69
5.47
2.55
3.06
3.83
2.48
3.42
5.07 .
2.45
2.93.
3.66
. 2.25
3.10
4.60
2.18
2.62
3.27
1.71
2.35
3.49 .
10
12
15
9.13 5.10 8.46 . 4.89 7.67 4.36 5.81 20
~ ~ \
25 6.58 13.59 6.38 12.59 I· 6.11· 11.42 5.46 8.65 25
I a~ 30 7.90 18.83 7.65 17.44 7.33 15.82 6.55 11.98 30
I t, 35
40
9.21
10.5
24.83
31.57
8.94
10.2
23.00
29.24
8.55.
. 9.77
. 20.86
. 26_.51
7.65
8.74
15.79
20.06
35
40
~ t. I
45
50.
11.8
13.2
38.03
47.20
11.5
12.8
36.15
43.71
11.0
12.2
32.n
39.63
s:83
10.9
24.80
29.98.
45
50
11· .. 60 .. '15.8 65.65 15.3 60.78 14.7 55.10 13.1 41.66 60
I • , 70 18.4 86.82 17.9 80.38 17.1 72.86 15.3 55.07 70
80 21.1 110.7 20.4 102.5 19.6 92.85 17.5 70.16 80
I • ' 90 23.7 137.2 23.0 127.0 22.0. 115.1 19.6 86.91 90
. 100 . 26.3 166.3 25.5 153.9 24.4 . 139.4 21.8 105.3 100
~ t'
j t..,_. -~ ..-- ____ --- ---.~·--- . ---"--- -1.Y2-lnch--·-·-.-- -·-------------- - -- -- ---- - - - - --- -
j~
I.:
~
~ ~'
. : :
Flow

us
gal
per
Type K tu bing

1.481" inside dia

.072" wall thk

Velocity
Head
· loss
Type L tubing

1.505" inside dia

.060" wall th k

Velocity
Head
loss
Type M t .ibing

1.527" inside dia

.049" wa I thk

Velocity
Head
loss . Velocity
"Pipe

1.600" inside dia

.150" wall thk

Head
loH
Flow

us
gal
per

:.: min

8
ft/sec

1.49
ft/100 ft

0.79
ft/sec

1.44
H/100 ft

0.73
ft/sec ·

1.40
ft/100 ft

0.68
ft/sec

1.27
ft/100 ft

0.55
min

.
9 1.67 0.97 1.62 0.90 1.57 0.84 1.43 0.67 9
~ t.: 10 1.86 1;17 1.80 1.08 1.75 . 1.01. 1.59 0.81 10
12 . 2.23 1.61 2.16 1.49 ·. 2.10 1.39 1.91 .· 1.12 12
~ 15 2.79 2.39 2.70 2.21 2.63 2.07 2.39 1.65. 15
4 .. , 20 3.72 . ·3.98 3.60 3.68 3.50 3.44 3.19 2.75 20

~
~
•·t. 25
30
35
4.65
5.58
6.51
5.91
8.19
10.79
4.51
5.41
6.31
5.48
7.58
9.99
4.38
5.25
6.13
5.11
7.07
9.31
. 3.98 .
4.78
5.58
4.09
5.65
7.45
25
30
35

' 40 7.44 13.70 . 7.21 12.68 7.00 11.83 6.37 9.45 40

~ 45 . 8.37 16.93 . 8.11 15.67 7.88. 14.61 7.16 11.68 45

~ ~· 50 9.30 20.46 9.01 18.94 8.76 17.66 7.96 14.11 50
60 11.2 28.42. 10.8 26.30 10.5 24.53 9.56 19.59 60

:
~ t 70 13.0 37.55 12.6 34.74 12.3 32.40 11.2 25.87 70
80 14.9 47.82 14.4 44.24 14.0 41.25 12.8 32.93 80
90 16.7 59.21 16.2 54.78 15.8 51.07 14.4 40.76 90

100 18.6 71.70 18.0 66.34 17.5 61.84 15.9 49.34 100
·t 110 20.5 85.29 19.8 78.90 19.3 73.55 17.5 58.67 110

••
120 22.3 99.95 21.6 92.46 21.0 86.18 . 19.1 68.74 120
130 24.2 115.7 23.4 107.0 22.8 99.73 20.7 79.53 130

••
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
· 20"/~ be added to the values in the tables-see page 3·5 .

•••• 3-37
 : .... ·.·: . ·.· ·. . . ·. ·. . . . .

·. · I t4' lngersoH·Dl'esser Pumps . ·. caIIl~roll Hydra~lie--Uata •. ·

•. ___ · .Friction otWater.(Continued) .·
· · ·.·· · (Based on Darcy's Formula) · . .
Copper Tubing-·.· * $.P.s~ Copp~r a~d Brass Pipe
2 inch

Type K tubing • ,Type L tubing Type M tubing 'Pipe

Flow 1.959" inside dia 1:985". inside dia 2.009" inside d1a 2.062" inside dia .· Flov.
.083" wall th k ·• .070" wali thk .058" wall thk .1565" wall thk
us us
gal Head : Head . Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velqcity, · loss Velocity loss Velocity . loss·. per
min ft/sec · ft/100 ft ft/sec · ft/100 .ft .ft/sec .ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft min

10 1.07 0.31 1.04 .. · ·.0.29 .· 1.01 .Q.27 .96 . 0.24 10

12 1;28 0;43 . 1 .24 ... ··o.4o •. 1.21 o:38 1.15 '0.33 ·. 12
14 · 1.49 .0.56 1.45 .. 0.52. .1A2 ·.· o.50 1.34 0.44 14
16 1.70 0.71 1.66 0.66 ·· 1.62 0.63'. 1:53 0.55 '. 16
18 ·.. 1.92. 0.87 1.87 . 0.82 .1.82 0;77 ; ...72 0.68' 18
"
20 2.13 ·Los ·2~07. . . . .il.98 . 2.02 0:9'3 .. '1.92 0.82 . 20
25 2:66 1.ss · 2.59 ·. .1.46. .. 2.53 1.38 2.39 1,22 .25
30. 3.19 . 2.15' .·. 3J( . 2.01.·. 3.03 .'; 1.90 2.87 . 1.68 30
35 3.73 2.82 . ,•' 3.62 . 2.65 ·.3.54 .· ..· 2.50 .. 3.35 ·. 2.21 35
40 4.26 3.58 .· 4.14 ·.·.. .3.36. .4:05 3,17 3.83 2.80 40
45, 4.79. . 4.42 .. · .4.15 . 4.55 .·· 3.92 4.30 3.46 .. 45
4:66
50 5.32 .5.34. ·.·. sJi. 5.01 . ·. 5.05. 4.73' : 4.80 ·. 4.17 50
.. . 60 6.39 . 7.40 . 6.2f . 6;95 . '.6.06 6.56 5:75 5.79 60
70 7.45 . 9.76. 7.25 . 9.16 . 7.07 . 8.65 6.70 7.63 70
80 8.52 .··. . 12;42 8.28 . 11.65 ·8.09 ·11.00 7.65 9,70. 80
90 9;58 15.36 . 9.31 14.41 .9.10 13;60 8.61 12;00 90

100
. ·. 110
10.65 .· 1s:ss 10.. 4 ·.·. 17.4.3 ·. 1ci.1 16.45 9.57 .·. 14.51 100
11.71 22.07 11.4 20.71 11.1 19.55 10.5 17.24. 110
120 12.78 .·· 25.84 12.4 .• 24.25 12; 1 ···22.88 11.5. 20.18 120
130 13.85 29~88 13.4 . .28.04 13. i 26.45 12.5 23.33 130
140 14.9 34.18 14.5 .
... 32.07. . ·. 14.2 30.26 .·• .. 13:4 .26.69 . 140

150 16.0 38.75 .. .15.5 . ·... 36.36 . 15.2. 34.30 14.4 30.25 150
160. 17.0 43;55 .. 16~5 •. 40.89 . 16.2 .·. . 38:58 15.3 34.01 160
170 18.1' .··4a.6i 17.6 . . 45.66 .17.. 2 43.08 16.3 37.98 170
180 ·. 19.2 54.01 ,18.6 ...·.· 50.67 . 18.2 .· . ... 47.81 17.2 42.15. ,. . .180
190 20.2 59,61··· . 19.6 .·5s.92 .· 19.2 52)6 18.2 46.51 190 ..
200 21,3 . 65.46 . 20.7 61.41 20.2 57.94 . 19.2. 51.07 200
210 22.4 .71.57 21.7 67.14 21.2 63.34 20.1 55:83 210
.220 23.4 ·77.93 22.8 • 73.10 22.2 . 68;96 . 21.0 .60.78 220
23() 24.5 '54~53 23.8. 79.29 .·. 23.2 74.80 22.0 '65.93 230
240 25.6 .· ,. 91.38 • 24.8 85.72 . 24.3 ·• 80.86' 23.0 .·. 71.26 240

250 26.6··· 98.43 25.9 92.37 .25.3 87.14 23:9 76.79 250
260 27.7 105.8 ·26.9 ·. 99.26 .· 26.3 .· 93.63 24.9 82.51 '' .· 260
270 28.8 . 113;4 27.9 106.4 ·. 27.3 100.3 25.8 88.42 .· 270
280 29.8 121.3 29.0 113.7 . ·.28.3 '• 107.3 26.8 94.52 280
290 30.9 129.3 '30.0 121.3 29.4 114.4 27.8 100.8 290
300 32:0 137.6 31.1 ·. 129~ 1 30.4 ·.· 121.8 .· 28.7 107.3 300

Note: No allowance h~s· been made for age,. difference in• diameter, or any abnormal condition of inte.rior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from t.he local conditions and the requirements of .each
. particular installation: It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5, · ·

I 3-38
 ···::

~~ ········-rriction -·

•.
.
'

z·' '\
\ Friction of Water (Cor .tinued)
'~ . . (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·.

z,'·< Copper Tubing-* S.P.S. Copper 1md Brass .Pipe

•.1: ;<J...

/
Flow
-
Type K tubing

2.435* inside dia

Type L tubing
2112 Inch

2.465* inSide dia

Type M tubing

2.495. i±1e dia

•pipe
2.500" inside dia Flow

•..
.095" wall thk
us
.080" wall thk .065" 1 thk .1875" wall thk -
gal Head us
' . Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loas
\.· Velocity loss per
min

r,
i . ft/sec ft/100 H fttsec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft min
I
I 20 1.38 0.37 L3.4 0.35 1.31 0.33.
t·' 1.31 0.33 20
25 1.72

IJ
0.55 1.68 0.52 1.64 0.49 1.63 0.49. 25
> 30 2.07 0.76 2.02 0.72
. ... ',•'
35 . 2.41 1.00 2.35 0.94
1.97
2.30
.0.68
0.89
, .96
2.29
0.67
0.88
30
35
.. ~ 40 2.76 1.26 2.69 1.19 2.62 1.13 . 2.61 1.12 40
45 3.10 1.56 3.02 1.47 2.95 1.39 . 2.94

I"'···(}
1.38 45
so 3.45 1.88 3.36 1.77 3.28. 1.68 3.26 1.16 50
. ). 60 4.14 2.61 . 4.03 .. 2.46 3.93 2.32 3.92 2.30 60
70 4.82. 3.43 4.70 3.24 4.59 . 3.06
80 4.57 3.03 70
. . ·· 5;51 4.36 5.37 4.12 5.25 3.88
·so. . 5.22 3.85 80
6.20 5.39 6.04 5.08 5.90 . 4.80 5.88 4.75

r
100 6.89 90
..... .. ·· 6.52 6.71 6.15 . 6.55 . 5.80. 6.53 5.74 100
.J· . . 110 7.58 7.74 7.38 7.30 .. 7.21 6.89 7.19 6.82 110
J .·.• 120 8.27 9.06 8.05 . 8.54 7.86
. 8.05 7.84 7.98 120
' ';\ ' .130 8.96 10.46 8.73 9.87 8.52
140 9.31 8.49 9.22 130
9.65
~. 11.97. 9.40 11.28 . 9.18 10.64 9.14

i···
10.54 140
150 10.35 13.56. 10.1 12.78 9.83
. 160 .12.06 9.79 11.94 150
11.0 15.24 10.8 .14.36 10.5 13.55 10.45 13.42.
170 11.7 160
j 17.01 11.4 16.03 11.1 15.12 11.1 14.98_. 170
180 12.4 18.87. 12.1 17.79 11.8 16.78 11.8
+-;~· 190 · 13.1 16.61 180
20.81 12.8 19.62" 12.5 18.51 12.4 . 18.33 190
I • i. 200 . 13.8 22;85 13.4 21.54 13.1 20.31 13.1 20.12 200
I. 220. 15.2 27.18 14.8 25.61 14.4 24.16 14.4 23.93 220
I l.i 240 16.5 31.84 16.1 30.01 15.7 28.31 15.7 . 28.03 240
260
~ •~<., ·... 280
17.9
19.3
36.85
42.19
11.s·
18.8
34.73.
39.76
17.1
18.4 .
32.75 17.0 32.44 260
37.50 18.3 37.13 280

I
I
··it;. )
300 ..
320
340
20.7
22.1
23.4
47.86
53.86
. 60.18
20.1
. 21.5.
22.8
45.10
50.75
56.71
19.7
21.0
.. 22.3
42.53
47.86
53.48
19.6.
20.9
42.12
47.40
300
320
I 22.2 52.96 340
360 .24.8 66.83 24.2 62.97 "23.6 59.38 23.S 58.81 300
380 26.2 •73.80 25.5 69.54 24.9

fi·(
65.57 24.8 64.94 380
400 27.6 81.09 26.9 .. 76.41 26.2 72.04 26.1 71.35 400
420 29.0 88.70 26.2 83.57 27.5 78.80
·I 27.4 78.04 420
) 440 30.3 96.62 29.5 91.04 28.8
.:] . 460 85.83 28.7 85.00 440
31.7 104.9 30.9 .· '98.80 30.2 93.15 30.0 92.24 460
480 33.1 113.4 32.2 106.8 31.5 100.7 31.4 99.76 480
500
..
··1
\ 34.5 122.3 33.6 115.2 32.8 108.6 32.6 107.5 500

i' /i :
• ti .
I
Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diam ~ter. or any abnormal condition of interior
· surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerc al design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

~ ;f • i

~ 1/(
4 t. I

:::\
'··--.1"
..·
tt.'I
··)'!
l

3-39
'.·, /' ' '

I~ lnger$011-1)re5$ei' Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

Friction: of Water (Continued)
. . .·· (B~sed ori Darcy's Formula) · . . ..
Copper Tubing-*S.P.S. Coppe{and Bra$S Pipe
3 ln~h .

Type K tubing Type L tUbing : Type M tubing •pipe.

Flow 2.907'" inside dia 2.945" inside dia 2.981" inside dia 3.062" inside dia Flow
.109" wall1hk . .090" wall thk .072" w . wall thk
us us
gal He&d .. Head He11d . Head . gal
per Velocity·· loss Velocity loss Velocity. ioss Velocity loss per .
min ft/sec ··. ftl100 ft.·· ft/sec ft/100 ft·. ft/sec tt/100 ft .·•ft/sec tt/100 ft.· min'.
•,' '.·

20 . 0.96 ...·. 0.16 0.94.•.·. · o.15 0~92 .· 0.14 . 0.87 0.13 20

30 1'45 0~33· 1.41 .· 0.31 l.37 0.29 1~30. .. 0.25 30
40 1.93· .. 0.54 1.aa. . 0.51. L8:3 ·. . 0.48 1.74 .0.42 .40
.. ..
50 2.41 0.81 2:35 .. .. ,0.76 .•. 2.29 . 0.72. 2.17 0.63 . 50
60 2.89 .· . 1~12· '2:82 1.05 2.75 ·.. · 0:99 2.61 .. 0.87 •.·· • 60
··10 3.38 1 ..47 3.29 1,38 : 3.20 1.30 3.04 · 1.15 70
80 . 3.86 1.87 3.76 . • 1.75 ·3.66 .1.65. ·.· 3 ..48 .. 1.45. .80.
90 4~34 . ·2.30. 4.23 2:16 4.12 2.04 ·. 3.91 1.ilo 90
.·
100 . 4.82 ·_ 2.78 .. 4.70 .2.s1 · .4.s9·· 2.47 . 4.35
. 2.17 100
110 5.30 ··l.30. 5.17 3.10 . ,5.05, 2.93 .· 4.79 2.57 110
120 . 5'79 .. 3.86 ... 5.64 . ··3.63' ·.··. 5.50. 3;42 5 21 3.01. .•.120
130 6:27 4.46 a:11 • 4.19 .· . 5.95 3.95 S:es 3.47 130.
140 6.75 5..1o ' s.ss 4.79 .. - 6.41 .4.52 6.09 3.97 140
..
150 7.. 24· 5.77 7.05. 5.42. 6.87 ·.·.· 5.12 6.52 . 4.so.·•· 150
160 7.72 . 6.49 7.52 .. 6.09· .• 7.34 .. .5.75 6.95 5;os• · .160
170 8.20 7.24 .7.99 ·. 6~80 . 7.79 6.41 7,39 ·s.64, 170
180 8.69 .. . 8.03·.· 8.46 ·.· 7.54 8.25 7.11 7.82 6.25 180
190 9.16 8;e5 8.93. .8.32 8.70' ·. 7.84 ·. 8.25 6.89 ' 190
.-' ..
200 9.64 . 9.'71 9.40. .. · 9.13 . 9.16 ..· 8:61 8.70 ' 7.56 200
..220 ___ 10.6 - - ...:1-1~55....:,' __ 10.3,;; _1.0.85- - - to.J. - - _ _ 1.0.2,'L_ ....9 ..56...., _ ~8.9.9.... _ :.
-C -220_:
240 ..11.6 .· 13.52 · 11,3 12:10 11.0 11.98. 10.4 .. ·.. 10;52. .. 240
260 ·12.6. 15.64 ... 12.2 14.69 11.9 13.85 11.3 12.17 260
280 13.s 17.90 . 13.2 .. 16.81 12.8 15.85 12.2 13.93. 280
300 14.5 20.30 14.1 . 19.06 . . 13.7 ..
17.97 13.0 15.79 300
320 15.4 22.83 15.0 ·21A4. 14.7 .20.22 13:9 17.76 320
340 16.4 25~50 16.0 23.95 15.6 22.58 14.8 19.83 340
360 17.4. 28,30 16.9 26.58 16.5 25.06 1s:t 22.01 360
380 1.8.3 31.24 '17.9 ·29.34 17.4 . 27.66 16.5. 24.29 380
,. ';·..
400 .· 19.3 34.32 18.8 32.22 18.3' 30.38 r7.4 •26.68 400
450 21.7 42.58 21;2 .39.98 20.6 37.69 '19.6 33.09 4SO
500 24.1. 51.65 23.5 48.50 22.9 45.72 21.7 40.14 500
'550 26.6 61.54 25.6 57.77 .. 25.2. 54.46 23.9 47.81 550

600 29.0 72.22 28.2 67.80 27.5. 63:s1 26.1 56;10 600
. 650 31.4 : . 83.69 30.6 78.56. 29.8 74,05 2f3.2 .65.00 650
700. 33.8 95.95 32.9 . 90.06 32.1 84.89 30.4 74.50 700
750 36.2 109.0 35.2 .102.3 34.4 ·. 96A1 32.6 84.61 750
800 38.6 ·• .122.B 37.6 115.3 36.6 108.6 . 34.8 95,31 800

Note:. 'No allowance has b~en made for age, diffe.rence in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interio~
surface. Any .factor of safety· must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each,
. particular installation. It is recommende(fthat for most commercial ~esign purposes a safety factor of 15 to .
20% be added .to the values in the tables..,..:..see page 3-5. · · · · ·

3-40 ·.
 .' .. " .. ,~' Fiction
r
. -· ......
--·~

Friction of Water (Con inued)

(Based on Darcy's Form1 la) ·
Copper Tubing-• S.P.S~ Coppe·r 1~ nd Brass Pipe
3Y2 Inch

'::.~ Flow
Type K tubing

3.385" inside dia

Type L tubing Type M ubing *Pipe

•..
3.425" inside dia 3.459" in ide dia 3.500" inside dia Flow
.120" wall thk .100 wall thk
us .083" w .II th.k .250" wall thk -
gal Head us
: per
Head Head Head gal
Velocity loss Velocity
,,~
loss· Velocity loss Velocity loss per

•..~:
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min
60 2.14 0.54 2.09 0.51 •' 2.05 0.49 2.00 0.46 60
~'
II
70 2.49 . 0.71 2.44 0.67 2.39
80 2.84. 0.64 2.33 0.60 70
0.90 2.78 0.85 2.73 0.81 2.66. o.n BO

.)i '
90 3.20 1.11 3.13 . 1.05 . 3.07 1.00 3.00 0.95 90
.. 100 3.56 1.34 3.48 . 1.27 3.41 1.21 3.33 1.14 100
~·:!
110 3.92 1.59 3.82 1.50 3.76 1.43 3.67 1.35 110
120 4.26 1.86 4.18
) 130
1.76 . 4.10 1.68 4.00 1~5a 120
4.62 2.15 4.52 2.03 4.45 1.93 4.33.
140 4.98 1;83 130
2.45 4.87 2.32. 4.79 2.21 4.66 2.09 140
150 5.34

i
..-:·.··.'· 2.78 5.21 2.62 5.12 2.50 5.00
160 5.69 2.36 150
•.
.3.12 5.56 . 2.95 . ' 5.46 2.81 5.33 2.66
170 6.05 . 3.48 160
,J " 5.91 . 3.29 5.80 3.14 5.66 2.96 170
·180 6.40. 3.86 6.26 3.64 6.16 .
190 . 6.76 3.48 6.00 3.28 180
4.25 6.60 4;02
"' 6.49 3.83 6.33 3.62 190

i: -
200 7.11 4.67 6.95. 4.41 6.82
220 4.20 6.66 3.97 200
7.82 5.54 7.65 5.24 7.51 4.99
240 8.54 7.33 4.72 220
6.49 8.35 6.13 8.19 S.85 8.00 •' 5.52
260 9.25. 240
7.50 9.05 7.09 8.87 6.76 .8.66 6.39
280 9.95 260
" 8.58 9.74 8.11 9.55 7.73 9.33 7.30 280

'+-~- ..30.0_ 1- _JO.'Z. - - '- ~9.73- ~ - -19.4- - .. - ,...g;-1g. " -10;~- -a;-75- - - 10:0- - - - -a~29· . ·-··
300

i·;.) 350
400
450
12.5
14.2
16.0
12.87
16.42
12.2
13.9
12.16
15.51
.11.9
13.7
11.60
14.79
11.7
13.3
10.95
13.97
350
400

.i·:
·20.36 15.6. 19.23 15.4 . 18.33 15.0 17.32
500 ·17.8 450
24.68 17.4 23.32 17.1 22.23 16.7 20.99 500
550 19.6 29;39 19.1 27.76 18.8
600 26.46 18.3 24.99 550
2f4 34.47 20.9 32.56 20.5 31.04 . 20.0 29.31 • 600
650 23.1 39.92 22.6 37.71 22.2 35.94 21.6 33.95 650
'· 700 24.9 45.75 24.4 43.21 23.9 41.18 23.3 38.89 700
750 26.6 ·· . 51.94
•,,
' ,,
800 28.4 58.49
26.1
27.8 .
49.05
55.24
25.6
27.3
. 46.75
52.65
25.0
26.6
44.15
49.72
750
800
. 850 30.2

!
65.40 ·29.6 61.77 . 29.0 58.87 28.3 55.59 850
900 32.0 72.68 31.3 68.63 30.7 65.41
950' 30.0 61.77 900
33.B 80.31 33.0 75.84 32.4 72.27 31.6 68.24 950
1000 35.6. 88.29
r:
34.8 83.37

I
34.1 79.46 33.3 75.02 1000
1100 39.2 105.3 38.2 99.45 37.6 94.77 36.7 89.47 1100
1200 42.6 123.7 41.8 116.8 41.0 111.3 40.0 105.1 1200
1300 46.2 143.5 45.2 135.5 44.5 129.1 43.3 121.9 1300
1400. 49.8. 164.7 48.7 155.5 47.9 148.2 46.6 139.9 1400 i
!
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diame er, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must. be estimated from the local :onditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended thatfor most commerc i.~ I design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.
 --_I~- lngersoll Dresser.Pun1ps --_ Ca.Illeron-:Hydraulic Data -----
. ' . .
0
. . . . .. : . . ' .

Friction of Water (Continu~dJ ·

(Based on Dar~y's Formula}. ..
CopperTubing-*S.P.S. ?opper and Brass Pipe
4Jrich
'Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubifig •pipe
Flow 3.857" inside .dia 3.905" inside.dia 3.935" inside dia
. ;134" waltthk 4.000" inside dia Flow
.11 O" wall thk . :095" wall thk ..250" wall ttik
us
gai Head•..· Head . ,.;
·•Head .. .us
per .. .·.Velocity loss · . .velocity• .. loss . · Head· gal
Velocity loss . ,Velocity loss• per
min· · .ft/sec ft/100 ft . Jt1sec.·. ft/100 ft '. fttsec . ,tt/100 ft. ft/sec ·. .ft/.100 ft .. . min
.. ·JOO 2.74 0.72
:
; .. ..
.•·110
2:68 '.'0.68·· ... 2.64 :·0.65 : .2.55.,···. 0.60 100
3.02. 0.85 ·2.94 o.so·· .. 2.90.·· . 0.77 2.81 . 0.71 . 110
120. . 3.29. . 0.99·· 3.21 0.9.4 . 3.16 '0.90 3.06 . 0.83 . 120
•.
130· 3.57 qs·.·· . 3.48. 1.08 . ·. 3.42· 1.04 . 3.31 .0.96·
140 3.84. 1.31 . 3.74 . 1'.23.
'·
130
.. 3.69• . .1.19 .. 3.57.. .· 1.10 ·•.140 .
:
150 4.11 1.48 . 4.01 ·. 1:40. 3.95
..
1;35 3.83 1.25 150
160 4.39: 1 •.67 4.28 ..1.57 4.21·· 1.51 4.08 1.39.· 160 ,.
' 170 4.66 ·u& 4.55 1.75 ·•4:48 1.69
•.·.
. 4.33 1.56
180 ·.4.94 2.06 170 .
4.81 1.94 4.74 1.87 . 4;55 . '1.13 .
190 . 5;2t . 2,27 •.• · .·5.oa. . .. 180
2.i4 5.00. ·. 2.06· . 4.~4 . . 1.91 ··· 190
..
'·· ..
200 5.49• 2.49 .. 5.35. .. 2.35. 5.27 2.26 . 2.09 ..
220 ·6.04····. 5.10 .200
2.96 5.89 2.79 •. 5.80 ... ·. 2.68. 5.61 2.48
240 6.59.· 3;46 .. 220
6.42 ·3.26. • 6.32 > 3.14 .. 6. 12 .· . . 2.90, 240
260 1:14 4.00 6.95. 3.77 6.85 ·.3.63 6.63> 3.36. 260
280 7.69. 4.57 7.49. 4.31 7.38 4.15. 7.14 .3.84 .• 280
306 8.24 ..
. 5.18 8.02. . 4.88 ·.·.· .7.90 4.70' 7.65. ..
··.350 .· .. 9.60 6;85 4.35 ·300 .
9.36 6.46 9.22 6.22 ,.· .. 8.92. 5;75
400 11.0 8.74· .. 350
10.7 8~23 10.5 7.93 10.2 7.33
450 12.4 .· ... 10.83.· 400 ..
12 ..0 10.20·. 11.9 ·9,93 ·. 11.5 g;oa . ·. 450
500 13.7.·. . ·· 13.12 1aA 12.36 ·. 13,2 11.91 12.8 11.00 500
550 15.1 15.61 14.7 14.71 14.5 14.H' . 14.1 13.09 .. 550
16.5 18.31. 16.Q · 11.24 . 15.8 16.61
•··. 65.0
600 .. 15.:L 15. 35 600
17.9 21.19 17.4 19.96 .·· ·.· 17.1 19.23 ..· .·16:6.
700 19;2 24;28 .. 17.7;7 550:
18.7. 22.86 18.4' 22~03·. 17.9 . 20.35 700
750 20.6 . 27.55 20.1 . 25.95. 1.9.B ·.. · 25.00 19.1 23.09 750
.. : .. . '

BOO '
22.0. 31.01 21.4 29.21. 21.1 28.14
...
. 20.4
850 23.3 25;99 800
34.67 • 22.a. 32.65 <22.4 • 31.46. 21.7 29.05. 850.
.900 .24.7 38.51 24.1 36.27 ·23.7 . 34.94
. 950· 23.0 . 32;27 900·· .
26.1 42.54 25.4 40.06 . 25.0 3&.60 .
1000 27.4 24:2. 35.64 950
46.76 26.8. 44.03 ... •. 26.4 42:42 .25.5 .· 39.17 1000
1100 30. 2 .· .55.74 29.4 52.48 29.0 , 28.,
50'.56 46.69 1100
..
1200 .. 32.9 65.45 ·.·32.1 61.62
. .
. 31.6 59.37. '30;6 54.82 .. 1200 .
1300 35.7. .· 75.89 34.8 71.45
..
34.2
·.
. ... 68;83
1400 38.4 33.1 63.55 1300 .
81.05 37.4 8.1.95 36.9 .. ·· 78.95 35.7. 72.89 1400 :

1500 4u· . 98.23. 40:1 93;13 39.5 89.71 36.3 82.82 1500
1600 43;9 111;5 42:8 105;0 42.1.
1800. 101.1 40.8. 93.34 .1600
49.4 138.8 45;1 130.6 47.4. · 125;8
..

2000· 45.B 116.1 1800.

54.9 168.9. 53.5 . 158.9 52.7 153.1
2200. 60.4. 51.0 .141.3 2000
201.1 58.9 189.8 58.0 182~8 56.1 168.7 2200

Note: No allo~ance
has been for age, difference mad~ i~
diameter, .or any abrlormal condition of interior .•. l.9·
1.1
surface. Any f.actor .of safety must ·be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
.. particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
· ·20% be added to the values in the tables~see page 3-5. . · · ·

t
if
I'
11
 Friction
Friction otWater (Co~tinued)
. (Based. on Darcy's For ula) ·
Copper Tubing-*S.P.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
·· 5 Inch ·

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type + tubing ·pipe

Ft ow 4.805" inside dia 4.875" inside dia J id e d"ia
4. 907" ms 5.063" inside dia Flow
-
us
.160" wall thk . 125· wall thk .109" iNall thk .250" wall thk -
us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ·ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec tt/100 ft min
''
150 '2.64 0.52 2.56 0.48 2.53 0.47 2.38 0.40 150
160 2.82 . 0.58 2.75 0.54 2.70 0.52 2.54 0.45 160
170 3.00 0.65 2.s2·· 0.60' 2.67' 0.58 2.70 0.50 170
180 ;
3.17 o.72 3.09 0.67 3.04 0.65 2.86. 0.56 180
190 3.35 0.79 3.26 ' 0.74 3.21 0.71 3.02 0.61 190
200 3.53 0.87 3.44 .. 0.81 3.38 0.78 3.18 0.67 '200
220 3.88 1.03 .3.78 0.96 . 3.72 0.93 3.50 0.80 220
240 4.24 1.20 4.12 1.12 4.05 1.09 3.81 0.94 240
260 4.59 ' 1.39 4.46 1.30 4.39 1.26 4.14 1.08 260
.280 4.94 1.59 • 4.81 . 1.48 ' "4.73 1.43 4.45 1.23 ,'
280
300 5.29 1.80 5.15 1.68 5.07 1.63 4.76 1.40 . 300
350 . s:11 2.38 . 6.01' ..2.22 5.91 ·2.15 5.56 1.85 350
·. 400 7.05 3.03 6.87 2.82 6.75 2.73 6.35 2.35 400
450 .7.94 3.75 7.73 . 3.49 . . 7.60 . 3.39 .·7.15 2.91 450
500 8.81 4.54 8.59 4.23 8.45 . 4.10 '·1.95 3.53 500
550 9.70 5.40 9.45 5.03 9.29 4.88 8.75 4.19 550
600 10.6 6.32 10.3 5.90 • 10.1 5.71 9.54 4.91 600
650 11.5 7.32 11.2 6.82 11.0 6.61 10.3 5.68 650
700 12.4 8.37 12.0 7.81 11.8 7.57 11 .1 6.50 700
'750 13.2 9.50 12.9 8.86' 12.7 '8.58 11.9 7.38 750
800 14.1 . 10.69 13.7 9.97 .· 13.5 9.65 12.7 8.30 800
850 15.0 11.94 14.6 11.13 14.4 10.79 13.5 9.27 850
900 15.9 13.26 15.5 12.36 15.2 11.98 14.3 10.29 900
950 16.8 14.64 16.3 13.67 16.1 13.22 15.1 11.36 950
1000 · 11.6 16.08 17.2 14.99 . 16.9 14.52 15.9 12.48 1000
1100 19.4 19.16 18.9 17.86 18.6 17.30 17.5 14.86 1100
1200 21.2 22.48' 20.6 ·, 20.95 20.3 20.30. 19.1 17.44 1200
1300 22.9 26.04 22.4 24.27 .22.0 ·23.51 20.6 20.20 1300
1400 24.7 29.85 24.0 ·21.82 23.7 26.95 22.2 23.15 1400
1500 26.4. 33.89 25.8 31.59 25.4 30.60. 23.8 26.28 1500
1600 28.2 38.18 27.5 '35.59 27.0 34.47 25.4 29.60 1600.
1800 31.8 ·. 47.46 30.9 44.23 . 30.4 42.85 28.6 36.79 1800
2000 35.3 57.68 34.4 .·sa.1s 33.8 52.06 31.8 44.70 2000
2200 38.B 68.82 37.8 .64.13 37.2 62.12 35,0 53.32 2200
'
2400 42.4 80.89 .41.2 75.37 40.5 73.00 38.1 62.65 2400
2600. 45.9 93.86 . 44.6 87.45 44.0 84.70 41.4 72.69 2600
2800 49.4 107.7 48.1 100.4 47.3 97.21 44.5 83.42 2800
3000 52.9 122.5 51.5 114.1 50 . 7 110.5 47.6 94.84 3000

Note: No allowance has been made for ag e' difference in diameter, or an y abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the locbl conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commeJcial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

3-43
 ·''·. ,·

·I.·~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydr.aulic Data

Friction· of Water (Continued).
(Based on Darcy's Formula) .·
Copper Tubing-*S.P.S. Copper' and Brass Pipe
6 .lnth··

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type M tubing 'Pipe.·

Flow 5.741" inside.dia 5.845': inside dia 5.881" inside dia 6.125" inside dia Flow
..192~ wall. thk .140" .wall thk • . 122 .wall thk .250" wall thk
us us
.gal..... .. Head Head. Head Head gal ·
per Velocity •loss. Velocity . loss ·. . \1e1ociiy loss .. ·· ve10City los$ ·.·per
min · fJ./sec ft/100 ft ·. ft/sec.:· ft/100 f t . ft/sec . ft/100 ft: ft/sec ..ft/100 ft min

240 2.98·.· 0.51 •.. 2.87 ..·0.47 2.84 0.46 .. · 2.61 0.38 '240
260 3.22 0.59· 3.11 0.54 ·.· 3.07 0.$3. 2.83 0.43 .. 260
•· .. ·;.280 3.48. . ~);67 3.35 .: 0.62. . .3.31 '. 0.60 3.05 .. 0.49.·.· 280.·
300 3.72 .. ·. ·0.76 3.58 ·. 0.70 3.54 .0.68• 3.26 :· .0.56 ···300
350 4.35 . 1.01 4.19 .··o:.93 4.14. . 0.90 . 3.~1 . 0.74 350
400 ·4,97' 1'.2s 4.79 . 1.18 . 4.7d. 1.14 . .. 4.35. 0.94 400'
.450: .5.59 ... 1.59 5.ae· .. 1.46 . 5.31 1.42·• ·.·.· 4~90 1.16 . . . \ 450
. 500 . 6.20·. 1.92 5.98 1:16 . 5.90 ··.1 •.11 . .5.44 . · 1.41 .·500
550 6.82 2.29. . 6.5(' •2.10 6.50 ... 2.04 . . 5~98. 1.67 550
600 .7.45 .. : 2.68 7.17 ·.. 2.46 7.10. 2.39·.··. . ··6.53 ·:·1.96·.. .600
650 8.07 3.10. 7.76 . 2.84. .7.68 2.76 . .7.07. 2.27 . .650
700 8.69. .· 3.54 .B.36 3.25. 8.27 . 3.15 . . 7.61 2.59 . 700
750 9:31 4.02 8.96 3.68.···• . 8.86 3.57 8.15 .· 2.94 . 750
800 .·. 9.93 4.52 9.56 4.14. •. . 9.45. 4.02 8.70 3.31 800
850. ··· 10.6 ·.· 5.05 10.2 :·· . 4.63 10.0 4.49 .. 9.25 3.69 ·a.so.
900 11.2 5.60 10.8 . ·5;14 10.6 4.99 .•. 9,79 4.10 900
950 . 11.B .. 6.18 .. \11.4'. ··:s.61 11.2. . 5.so· 10.3 4.52 •. . 950
1000. . 12.4 6.79 12.0 6.23' . H.8 . 6.04·· ·10.9 4.97 1000
1100 . 13.7 8.08 13.2 7.41 . 13.0 . 7.19 12.0 .5.91· 1100
1200. 14.9 .. !MB . . 14.3 a:s.9 · ·· 14.2. 8.44 . 13.1 6.93, 1200

1300:·. 16.1 •. 10.98 · 15.5 .· 11.06 15.4 . 9.77 14:1 8.02. 1300
1403 17.4. 12.58 16.7 . ·11.53 16.5 11.19 15.2. 9.19 1400 .·
1500 .18J~ .. 14.28 17.9 •· 13.09 .. 17.t·.· 12.7Q 16.3 10.43 1500 .
1600 19.9·. 16.07 . 19.1 .. 14.73··. 18.9 . .14.30 17.4 .1L74. 1600
1800 22;4 19.96 21.5 ·.. .18;30 21.2 .• 17.76 19.6 . 14.5'. 1800
. •

2000 24.8. .. 24.24 23.9 ..22.22 •·23.6 . 21.56 .• 21.e · 17.70 .· 2000
. 2200 27.3 .... 24.91 26.3. 26.49 26:0 25:11 ·· :23.9 ·.. 21.10 .2200
. 2400 29.8. 33.95 28.7. •. 31.11 28.4. 30.19 . 26.1 . 24.77 . 2400
2600 32.3 .. . 39.37 . 31.1 •• 36.07 30.7 35.01 28.3 •• 21.12' 2600
2800 34.8 45.16 33;5 41.37 33.1 .•. 40.15 • 30.4 . 32.94 2800.

. 3000 37.2 51.32 35.B .· 47.0f. 35.4 . 46.63 .32.6. .·.37,42··. ·3000
3200 39.7. 57.85. • 38.2. . 53.QO 37.B· 51.43 .34.8 42.18. 3200 ..
3400 42.2 64.75 .. 40.6 . 59.31 40.1 . 57.56 37.0 47.20 3400
3600 44.7 72.01 43:0 ···.ss.96 42.5 64.01 39.2. 52.48 3600
3800 .. 47.1 79.63 . . .45.4 72.94 ... . 44.9. '70.78 41.4 58.03 3800

4000. 49.6. 87.62 47.8 80.25 47.2. 77.87 43.5 63.83 ··.· 4000.
4200 52.1. 95.96 50.1 . 87.89 49.6 85.28 45.7 69.90. 4200
4400· 54.6 104.7 52.5. ·95.as· .52.0 93.01··. 47.9 76.23 . 4400

.. , Note: No all~wance has been made for age, difference in diameter; or l'lny abnormal .condition of int~rior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from· the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20'%. be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. . . . .. . . .

'LAA
 - ---------------
Friction
Friction of Water (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-*S.P_.S. Copper and Brass Pipe
8 Inch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type ~ tubing "Pipe

Flow 7 .583" inside dia 7.725" inside dia 7.785" i iside dia 8.000" inside dia Flow
.271" wall thk .200" wall thk .170" wall thk .3125" wall thk
us us
gal Head Head Head Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft . ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

500 3.55 0.50 . 3.42 0.46 3.37 0.44 3.19 0.39 500
550
600
650
700
-750
3.91
4.26
4.61
4.97
5.32.
0.60
0.70
0.81
0.93
1.05
3.78
4.10
4.44
. 4.78 .

.. 5.12
0.55
0.64
0.74
.. 0.85

0.96
3.71
4.05
4.39
4.72
5.06
0.53
0.62
0.71
0.82
0.92
3.51
3.83
4.15
4.46
. 4.79
0.46
0.54
0.63
0.72
0.81
550
600
650
700
750
I
800 . 5.68 1.18 5.46 1.08 .. 5.40 1.04 5.10 0.91 .800
850 •. 6.04 1.32 5.80 1.20 5.73 1.16 5.42 1.02 850
900 6.39 1.46 6.15 1.34 6.06. 1.29 5.74 1.13 . 900
950 6.75 1.61 .6.49 1.47 6.40 1.42 .6.05 1.25 950
1000 7.10 1.n . 6.84 ,. 1.62 6.74 1.56 6.38 1.37 1000
1100 7.81 2.11 . 7.52 1.93 . 7.42 1.85 7.01 1.63• 1i00
1200 8.52 2.47 ·8.20 2.26 .. 8.10 2.17 7.65 1.91' 1200
1300 9.24 2.86 8.88 ·- . 2.61 - . 8.76 . 2.51. 8.30 2.20 1300
.1400 9.95 3.27 9.56 2.99. 9.44 2.88 8~93 2.52· 1400
1500 10.7 3.71 10.3 3.39 10.1 3.27 9.56 2.86 1500
1600 11.4 4.17 10.9 3.81 10.8 '3.67 10.2 3.22 1600
1800 12.8 5.18 12.3 4.73 12.1 4.56 . 11.5 4.00 1800
2000 ~4.2 6.28 13.7 5.74 13.5 _S.53 12.8 4.85 2000
2200 15.6 7.48 .15.0 6.84 14.9 6.59 14.0 5.77 2200
2400 17.0 8.78. 16.4 8.02 16.2 7.73 15.3 6.77 2400
2600 18.5 10.17 17.8 9.29 17.5 8.95 16.6 7.84 2600
2800 19.9 . 11.66. 19.2 10.65 18.9 10.26 17.9 8.99 2800
3000 21.3 13.24 - 20.5 12.10 20.2 11.65 19.1 .10.21 3000
3200. 22.7 -14.91 21.9 13.62 21.6 13.12 20.4 11.49 3200
3400 24.2 16.68 23.2 15.24 22.9 14.67 21.7 12.85 3400
3600 25.6 18;53 24.6 16.93 24.3 16.31 23.0 14.28 3600
3800 27.0 20.48 26.0 18.71 25.6 . 18.02 24.2 15.78 3800
4000 28.4 22.52. 27.3 20.57 27.0 19.81 25.5 17.35 .4000
4200 29.8 24.65 28.7 22.52 28.3 21.68 26.8 18.99 4200
4400 31.2 26.87 30.0 24.54. 29.7 23.64 28.0 20.70 4400
4600 32.7 29.17 31.4 26.65 31.0 25.66 29.4 22.47 4600
4800 34.1 31.57 32.8 28.84 32.4 27.77 30.6 24.32 4800
5000. 35.5 34.06 34.2 31.11 33.7 29.96 31.9 26.23 5000
5500 39.1 40.65 37.6 . 37.13 37.1 35.75 35.1 31.30 5500
6000 42.6 47.80 41.0. 43.65 40.5 42.03 38.3 36.79 6000
6500 46.1 55.48 44.4 50.67 43.9 48.76 41.5 42.70 6500
7000 49.7 63.70 47.9 58.17 47.2 56.01 44.6 49.02 7000

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dian eter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loci I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most com mer ~ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-45
 [~~gersoll·Dresser Pum,11s . . ·. Cameron Hydraulic Data
: :Friction of WaterXcontinuedJ
. . .· · (Based on Darcy's Formula)
Copper Tubing-· * S. P.S. ·Copper ~net Brass· Pipe ·
10 ·Inch

··Type pe L tubing Type M tubing ~.Pipe

Flow Flow
9.449" inside dia 9.625" inside dia 9.7oct inside dia rn.020·. inside dla
us us
gal Head Head · Head · Head gal
per .. Velocity loss Velocity. · loss . Velocity loss . Velocity loss · per · ·.··
min . ft/sec . · tt1100 f~ ·· ·ft/sec · ·. tt1100 ft . ft/s.ec · · ti/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft. ·• .. min

'.500 ,; 2.29 ,',' 0.18 '· . 2.21 0:16 ... 2.17' ,· 0~15 ' 2.03 0.13 500.
550 2.52 0.2t. 2.43 0.19 ' 2.39 : 0.18 ' '2.~4·. '0.16 . •550'
.600 2.75 0:24, 2.65 0.22 '2.61 . 0;21 2.44, 0.11 600
650 2.97 0.21. 2.Bt 0.26 '.2:82. 0.25 ·.·.. 2,65 .Q.21 650.··
'700 3.20 ·. 0.32; 3.09 ··,··. 0:29 '3.04 ..0.28 2.&5 0.24• 700

750 3.43 ,0,.36' ', 3.31, '0.33 3.26'' ··0.32 >3.05 0.27 750
800 3.66 O.<\L. 3.53 0,37'' 3.47 0.36 '3:26 0.31 800
850 3.89 0.46 '3.75 . 0.42' '3.69 Q.40. 3.46 0.34•' 850
900 4.12 o.51 3.97 0.46 '3.91 0,45 3:66 0.38 ,· 900'
950 . 4.35 0.56 • 4.19 ' 0.51 4.13 0.49 .,· 3.87. 0.42. .950
1000 4.56 . 0:61 4.41 0.56 4.34.·.·.· ·o.54 4.07 0.46 , 1000
1100. 5.03 0.73 . 4.48 0.67 ,, ' 4.78 ·, · o.64. 4~32 ·a.so 1100
'1200. 5.49 o:a5. .5.29 . .·o.1s 5.21 0;75 4.71 0.59 1200
'1300 5.95 0.99 ' '5.73 '0.90 5:64. 0.87 ..5.fO 0.68 1300
1400 6.41 1.13 ' 6.17 1.03' 6.08 .1:00 5.50,' . o.7s 1400

1500 6.86 1.28 6;61 1.17 6.51' 1,:13,' 5.89 0.89 1500
1600 f.32 1.44 ,' 7.06 ',1.32 .·. 6.95 1.27 6.28 · 1.DO · ·' 1600
1800 8:24 ,. 1.79 •. 7.94. .1.63 7,82'' '·1.57 •. 7.32 1.35 1000
2000 9.15 '2.1,7 8.82. 1.98 8~68. '1.91 ·. e:14 1.63 2000
2200 10.1' ' 2.58 9~70 2.36 9.55 . 2,.27 ' 8.95 1.94, 2200

2400 11.0 3;02' 10 ..6 ',· 2.76' '10.4 2.66., 9:77 2:21 2400
2600 '. '1.1.9 3.50 ' 11.5 3~20· 11.3 3;oa 10.6 2.63 2600
.2800 12.8 '4.01 12.3, '.· .3;&7 ' 12.2 3.53 11.4 3.02 2800.'
3000 13.7 4.55 13:2. . 4.16' 13.0' 4.01 12.2,. · 3A2 3000
3500 16.0 6.04 15.4 5.52 · 15.2 5.32 14.2 4.55 '3500

4000' 18.3 ' 7.72 17.6, ·· . .1.0& . . 17A 6.80 16.3 5.81 4000'
4500 20.6 · 9;so 19.8 .. 8.78 19.5 8.45 18.3 7.22 ·'4500
5000' 22.9 ' 11.66 22.0 10.66 . 21.7 10.26 2'0:3 8.71 5000
5500' 25.2 13.91. 24.3' 12.71 . 23.9 ·.·., 12.24 22.4 10.45 5500
6000 .27.5 :16.34 26.5 14.93 26,1 ., · 14.38 • 24.4 12.28 6QOO
. '

6500 29.7 18.95 28.7 ,. 17.32 28.2 16.68 '26.4. 14.24 6500
,. 7000 32.0 2_1 .•74 30.9.· 19.87 ·. 30:4 •' 19.13 ', 28.5 16~33 '• 7000
7500· 3.4.3 24.71 33 ..1 22.59 32.6. 21.75 30.5 .· 18.56 7500
8000 36.6 27.86 35.3 25.46' 34.7 24.52 32.6 20.92 .8000'
8500 '• ' ...· 38.9 31.19 .37:5 28.50 36.9 27.44 34.6 23.42 ..8500.
.. '"
9000 '41.2 34.69 39.7 31.70 39.1 30.52 36.6 26.05 '9000'
·.9500 •' 43.5 38.37' 41.9 35.06' 41.2: '33..75 38.7 28.80 9500
10.000 45.6 42.22 44.1 .. 38.57 43.4 37.14 40.7 .. 31.69 10,000
"

Note: No allowance has been made. for age, difference in di(lmeter, or any .abnormal condition of. interior
sur.face. Any factor of safety inust be estimated .from the local conditions and . the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recomm'ended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the valulJ!S in th.e tables-see page 3-5. · ·

I 3-46 ""-
 Friction
I·
· Friction of Water (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's ]Formula) · ·
...
Copper Tub·mg- * S P S Copper and Brass Pipe
' 121nch

Type K tubing Type L tubing Type I ~tubing 'Pipe

Flow Flow
- 11.315" inside dia 11.565" inside dia 11.617" ~nside dia 12.000" inside d ia -
us us
gal Head Head Head ·Head gal
per Velocity loss Velocity ·loss Velocity loss Velocity loss per
min ft/sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft ft1sec ft/100 ft ft/sec ft/100 ft min

800 2.55 0.17 2.44 0.16 2.42 0.15 2.27 0.13 800
900 2.87 0.21 2.75 0.19 2.72 0.19 2.55 0.16 900
1000
1100
1200

1300
1400
3.19
3.51
3.83 .

.4.15
4.47
0.26
0.31
0.36
0.41 .
0.47
3.05
3.36
3.67

3.97
4.28
0.23.
0.28.
0.32
0.37 .·
0.43.
3.03
3.33
3.63
. ·. 3.94
4.24 .·
0.23
0.27
0.32

0.36
0.42
2.84
3.12
3.40

3.69
3.97
0.19
0.23
0.27

0.31
0.36
1000
1100
1200

1300
1400
E
1500 4.19 . 0.54 4.58 0.48 4.54 0.47 4.26 0.40 1500
1600 5.11 0.60 4.89 0.54 ' 4.84 .·0.53 4.54 . 0.45 1600
1800 5.74 . 0.75 5.50 . 0.67 5.45 0.66 5.11 . 0.56 1800

2000 6.38 . 0.91 6.11 0.82 6.05 . 0.80 5.67 .· 0.68 2000
2200. 7.02 1.08 6.72 0.97 6.66 . 0.95 6.24 0.81 2200
2400 7.66 .1.26 7.33 1.14 7.27 1.11 . 6.81 0.95 2400
2600 8.30 1.46 7.94 1.32 .. 7.87 1.29 7.38 1.10 2600
2800 8.93 1.68 8.55 1.51 8.48· 1.48 7.94 1.26 2800

3000 9.57 1.90 9.16 1.71 9.08 1.67 8.51 1.43 3000
3500 • 11.2 2.52 10.7 2.27 10.6 2.22 9.~3 1.90 3500
4000 12.8 3.22 . 12.2 2.90 12. 1 2.84 11.3 2.42 4000
4500 14.4 4.00 . 13.7. 3.60 13.6 3.52 12.8 3.01 4500
·5000 16.0 4.86 15.3 4.37 15.1 . 4.27 14.2 3;65 5000

5500 17.5 5.79 . 16.8. 5.21 16.6 5.10 15.6 4.35 5500
6000 19.1 6.80 .. 18.3 6.11 . 18.2 5.98 17.0 5.11 6000
6500 20.7 7.88 19.9 7.09 19.7 6.93 18.4 5.92 6500
7000 22.3 9.04 21 .4 8.13 21.2 7.95 19.6 6.79 7000
7500 . 23.9 10.27 22.9 9.23 22.7. 9.03 21.3 7.71 7500

·8000 25.5 11.57 24.4 10.40 24.2 10.18 22.7 8.69 8000
8500 27.1 12.95 26.0 11.64 25.7 11.39 24.1 9.72 8500
9000 28.7 14.39 27.5 12.94 27.2 12.66 25.5 10.81 9000
9500 30.3 15.91 29.0 14.31 28.8 14.00 27.0 11.95. 9500
10,000 . 31.9 17.50 30.5 . 15.73 30.7 15.39 28.4 13.14 10,000

10,500 33.5 . 19.17 32.1 · 11.23 31.8 . 16.85 29.8 14.39 10,500
11,000 35.1 20.90 ·33.6 18.78 33.3. 18.38 31.2 15.69 11,000
11,500 . 36.7 22.70' 35.1 20.40 34.8 .19.96 32.6 . 17.04 11,500
12,000 38.3 24.57 36.7 22.08 36.3 21.60 34.0 18.44 12,000
12,500 39.9 26.51 38.2 23.83 37.8 23.31 35.5 19.89• 12,500

13,000 41 .5 28.52 39.7 25.63 39.4 25.08 36.9 21.40 13,000

14,000 44.7 . 32.75 42.8 . 29.43 42.4 28.79 39.7 . 24.57 14,000
15,000 47.9 37.25 45.8 . 33.47 45.4 32.75 42.6 27.94 15,000

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dia~eter,

or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the lodal conditions and the requirements of each
particular imtallation. It is recommended that for most comme1 cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see· page 3-5.

3-47
 . . ·, .. ·. .·.· '' :. . .· .·: ·: . .· . . .
.·6·.:·
· .p···........

·:.1 ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .· Cameron· Hydraulic Data ..

.
.
..
:-;:'.
"\

:.t-:.1
..Friction Loss ·for Viscous Liquids
.·. · .·· ·.
Loss in Feet .of Liquid per tOOO Fe.et of Pipe·
.•",

(Baaed on Darcy's Formula)·... .·· •·· . . ·

.....
-·-·'\
.....
•••• .. " !

~..
.' Inch· (1 ~o~9" inside dia) Sch 40 New St~el Pipe I .

-~·­
•.···
-·••...•.·
Kinematic viscos~centistokes . .
Flow·
0.6 . 1 ., . 2.1 2~7 4.3·. 7,4 10.3 1 . 13.1 .1 15:7 20.6~
us Bbl
gal ·per .· · . Approx SSU ~lscosity . ·
per hr(42i----~-··-·----··...------......------------.---~....--~---......----.......,....----,.....---~
•• .. I,_, • .
min gal) 31.5 33 35 40 50 · 60 70 80.
. 28·
·.
;55: 2.68 3.41
•, -~
~5 .71 .:29 .70 1.12, .. 1.93 4.08 . 5;35
1
2
3 ·.
i .4
2.9 .· ..·
4.3.
...
" .96
3.23
6.84.
..
1: 13
.3.72
7.63
1.09
4.41.·
9.04
1.41"
4.80.
9.48
2.24 •
4.48
10.8 ..
3.86
1.72
.11.6
.s~aB
.. '10.7 .
16.1
.6.82
. 'i3.6
20;5
16.3
24.5 ..
s;16 . 10.1·
21.4
. 32A. .·
·.c•i .•.
4

6
...
5...
. 5.7
7.1
8.6
· 1.1.4

17.2
. 24.2
12.2
19.2
. 26.8
14.9

2~.i
30.5
23.4
. 32.1
15:9 ': 17:6
..
. 26.3
·. 36.8
15.4

. 19.3
.41.3 ·.
21.5

.26.8
32.2
. 27.3

";3'.1'
'40.9
. 32;6

40.8 .
49.0
.42.8 ·.·· .

63.5
.fU.2
·. ·-- i.·•
......;.• .''

...····-··
7 10.0 .32.3 35.4 . ·. 40.6 ; 42.6. .47.4 53.8 .37.5 ··47.7 57.2. 74.9'
·B· . 11.4 41.6 45.5 . 51.1 54.3 .59.9 68.2 75.3 :54.5 . 65.2 . . 85.6
9 12.9 . 51.8 56.2 63.5. 55;3. 73.4 84~9 .' 91.7 . .61.4 ·.1~i4 ·. 98.3
..
r.•~
••••
: •"'. ·
10 14.3· 62.7·· . 68.l 76.2· 80.1. aa:2 101 111 115 81~6·
106 . .10J · ·.
12 17.1 89.3· 95.3 111 ;. 122· 142 151 162 167 ·.• 129.
14 20.0 120 1'29 140 147 160 185 196 212 221 150· .· •

le•
,,.
16 22.8 155 164 ·.· .. 181 188 205. 234 .. 257 268 .. .··
279 295.
18 . . 25.7 194 202 . 224 . 233 ·254 ·.286' 305 3~6 341 . 365
: •Jj
281 405 ·.·
20
.25
28.6
·35.7 . 429
308
464.
342
501
372
·551
394
583 599
437 .
651 i. .
30 ·42.9 .600 640 112· '..59 80.3 .. 842 9q4
35 .• 50.0 es2 ..

!~
795 933 . ;,,·

. ·.· '. .. . .. . .

.·.·Flow
· Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
.
. !_. L •

•
us
gal
p,er
.min·:

.1 .14 1.31 1.66 1 . 2.25 3.38. -5.65 . 8.45 ·11.3 . 16.9 .22.6 .33.8
1~.li
~3 ..43 4.12 ·. 4.98· 6.7,5 ·. . '10.2 .·. 17.0 ·' ··2s.3 <33.8 50.1 . 67.8 102
I. .
'
.5 .71 . 6.86 8~32 11.'S ·16.9.. ·. 28.3 ' 4~.3·, . 56.4 85 113 . 189 'It.,
•tI
1 1.4 ·.13.7 16.8 22.5 .· 33.8 .··1.5813.5 . 84.5 113 '169 226 .. .338
2 .. .2.9 .•. ·27.5 33.2 45.0 . 67.6 . .··· 169 228 . .. 338 452 ens .. ·· .• j
.· .,
3 4:3 .f'f.2 . .• 5()7 678
49.B 67.5 .102 170 253 .·338

~
4 . 5.7 ·. ·. 55.0 66.5 90.0' 136 226 338 452 677 904
5 7.1 68.7 "83.2 113 1s9.·· '283 423 564 846
6 8.6,:. . 82.4" . 99.7 .735"· .. .·.203 339 507 .. 677
·.9,
·cj
..
7 10 '. .96.2 117 158 237 395 591 .190
6 11:4 110 733 . 180 271 452 616 . 903
.9
10
12.9
14.3
·124
.137
150
167
203
225
303
338
. 508
565.
760
845 ...
.· . ..
12
14
17.1
20.0
165
192
200
233.'
270
315
406
474
678
792 .. )~.

i- \C
16 22:s 220 266 .· 360 541 904
18 25.7 248 299 405 609
20. 28.6 ·470 332 450 677
For this pipe size: V = 0.37 x gpm; h,. = 0.00214 gpm'. i .
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous} flow.
Calculations· on pages 3-48 to 3-88 are by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.
For velocity data see page 3-14.. · · · .
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, cir any .abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor ol 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. . ·
·1
.,1· ·I
1.
 Friction

Friction Loss for ·Viscous Liq ids (Continued)'.

· • (Based on Darcy's Form la)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1o 10 Feet of Pipe
1Y2 Inch (1.610'' inside dia) Sch 4P New Steel Pipe
I

Kinematic viscosity- ~entistokes

Flow
0.6 ,,, 2.1 2.7 4.3 7.~ 10.3 13. 1 15.7 20.6
us Bbl
gal per Approx SSU v
per hr (42
min gal) 31.5 33 35 40 Sb 60 70 . 80 100
1 1.4 '.13 .10 .20 .25 '.41 69 .97 1.23 1.47 1.93
2
3
4
5

6
2.9
4.3
5.7
7.1

8.6
.42
,86
1.43
2.11

2.90
.49
.98
1.63
2.42

3.36
.39
1.17
·1.92
2.83

. 3.89
.51
1.25
. 2.07
3.05
'4.18
.:83
t.24
1.65
·2.CJ6
4.69
139
2~o8
2'r78
3:47
., 1.7 ..
1.93
2.89
3.86
·4.82
6.79
2.46
3:68
4.91
6:14',

'7.37
~ft·~
2.94
4.41
S.BB
1"35
8.82
3.88
5.79
.7.72
9;65

11;6
II
11.4 4.97 . 6.44 9.'83 1!$.5
1~
8 5.60 6.87 7.77 .02 7.72 11.•Et .
10 14.3 7.51 8.34 9.58 . 10.1 11.6 .2 ... 9.65 . 12.a<_ :14.1 19.3
12 17.1 10.4 11.6 13.4 14.0 . 15.6. 1i .9 19.8 14.7.•.. 11:6· ·23.2
15 21.4 16.0 17.4 19.6 20.7 23.2 2£ .5 29.1 31.1 21.0 291'
".

20 ,' 28.6 27.2 29.5 32.9 34.6 '38.2' ' 4~.9. 47.6 51.1 53.B 38.6
25 35.7 41.4 44.8 49.5 51.8 57.5 . 6~.6 ' 70.1 75.2 78.9 84.7
.30 42.9 . 58.8 63.0 69.1 72.0 79.0 .· 8!.3 97.1 103 109 116.5
40 ' 57.1 102 107 117. 122 132 15( 160 170 178 191
50 71.4 157 164 178 183 198 22: .237 251 263' 281

60 85.7' 224 233 249 259 279 30£ 330 347 362 388
70 100 300' 312 333 343. 369 40~ 436 457 477 508
80 114 ' 389 403 427 440 470 51 551 580 602 643
90 129 498 508 536.. 550 585 63• 681 715 746 792
100 143 601 624 656 670 714 77 820 863 898 949

Kinematic viscosity- centistokes

Flow
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.0 108.4 16 2.3 216.5 325 435 650
us Bbl
gal per Approx SSU vi, cosity
per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000' 1500 . 2000 3000

1 1.4 2.41 3.00 4.14 . '8.09 10.~ 1~.2 20.a 30.4 40.8 89.0
.e.oo
i~rs.o
.2 2.9 4.96 8.28 12.2' 20:3. 40.8 60.8 81.5. 122
3 4.3 7.42 9.00 12.4 18.3 30,4 60.9. 91.3 '.122 183
4 5.7 9.90 12.0 1lt.8 . 24.4 40.6 . .8 81.2 122 183 244
5 7.1 12.4 15.0 20.7. 30.4 50.7 102 1_52 204 304

6 8.6 14.9 '18.0 24.8 36.5· 60.8 !1.2 122. 183 244 365
a 11.4 19.B 24.0' 33.1 ~.7 81.2 1~2 163 2~ 326 '81
10 14.3 24.7 30.0 41.4 60.9 102 1~2 203 304 408 609
12 17.1 29.7 36.0 49.7 .73.2 122 112 244 365 . 490 732
15· 21.4 37.7' 45.0 62.2 91.4 752 2~8 304 457 612 91~

20 28.6 49.5 60.0 82.8 122 203, 3C 4 406 608 815

25 35.7 61.9 75.0 103 152 254 3i to 507 760
30 42.9 124 90.0 124 183 304 4: B 609 913
40 57.1 204 216 ' 166 244 406 61 8 812
50 71.4 302 317 ,.
342 364 ' 507 71 0

For this pipe size: V = 0.1576 >'- gpm; hv = 0.000385 gpm2•

Figures In shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-15.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diam ~ter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerc al design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-49
 . .·. . ·._ . • < . " ' . . . .··.·.•. ·.·
.I ) lft!Jers~ll-Dl'esser Pump~ ·.. CameronHydraulic Data··
Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)·
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
·. Loss~in Feet oJLiquid per tooo Feet of Pipe .. ·
2 Inell (2~067" inside dia)Sch 40 New St~el Pipe
. .
Kinematic viscosity-centtstokes
Flow

us: Bbl
.6
I 1.1
I 2.1
I 2.7
I -4.3 I 7.4
I 10.3
·.
I 13.1 .I 15.7
I .20.6

gal per . Approx ·SSU viseosity . .

per hr(42
. 33·· ..·. 35 .·.
min gal) .. 31.5 . 40 50 ··60 70 ... .80 100
...
•.
1 1.4 . ~04 .04 •07 .09 .75 .26 . ·...36 ·.45 . · . .54. .. ... ;71
.
2 2.9 J3 ... :15 .. < .. 15 •' .19 .30 .51 .7f ~90 1.08 1..42
4 5.7 .43 .50. .58 .63 . 59 1.02 ·.1.42 1.81 . . 2.17 ..2.84
.. 6 8.6 . .87 1.00 1.20 . 1.27 .1.46 .1 ..53 ·. 2.13 . 2.71 3.25 4.26
8 11.4 1)+7 1.68 1.97 2.fa '2.38 2.04. 2~84. . 3.61 ·. 4.33 ~·68
"
10 .14.3 2.20 2'.55 . 2.90 .3.09 3.52 '2.56 .3.56 4.52 .5.42 7,11 ·
12 . 17.1 3:()6 .3.46 .. .. 3.97 4.23 4.78 5;57 4;21 5.43 6.51 .8.53
14 20.0 . 4.07 4.51. 5:22 .· 5.51 6,26 }.28 4.98 6.3~ 7;59 :9;96
16 22.8. 5.17 5.79 6.65 ·1~01 7.92 9.16 9.95. 7.23 8.67 11.4
18 25.7 6.44 '7.16 · · . 8.HL .. _··8.63. 9.6i 11.2 12.6 .. ·.. 13.1 9.76 :1~.8

20 28.6 7.82 8.64 9.77 . J0.4 11.6 13.5 14.8. 15.5 10.8 : J~,2. ·.
25 35.7. 11.9 13.0 14.7 15.4 . 17.2 19.9 I
21.61 . 22.8 24.1 •·· . · 11.s .
30 42.9 17.0' . 18.2 20.4 21.5 .. : 23.8 . 27.2 29.9 . 31.2 33.o·.· 35.6
35 50.0 22.3' ... 24.1 .27.0 28.2-·· 31.2 ·. 35.6 38.6 •. 40.4· 43.4 . 47.3
40 57.1 28:8 .• 31.0 34.2 ·. .. 36.0
. 39.6. 44.6 ·. 48.8
~
5:;?.9,
..
.54.1 • 60.7

50 71.4 •. 44.1 47.2 . 52.0· ..· 54.0 59;2 ... ·. 66.4 .' . 72,0 .. .76:9 78.4 .• . 86.2 .
60 85:7 62.7 66.5 _72.2 74.2 ·. 82.3 91:8. 98.6 105 111 119
70 100 ·. 84.1. .. . 83.5 . 9~.8 '·99.4 . 108 120 130 137 145 156
80 114. 109 114 .. 123 ·. 127 138 ·· 154 166 17.4 . 182 195
90 129 137 143 154 158 .171 192 204 215 225 239.
"·
100 143 167 176 188 193 208 .. :230 244 260 269 289
110 157 202 211 ' 225 231 246 275 290 307 319 .· 335
120 171 238 249 ._265· 273 290 321 341 358. 375 396
130 186 277 .·. 290 307 316 .335 372 392 .. 411 432 .. 459
140 .. 200 320. 347 352 364 383 ·. 424 449 472 491 521.

150 214 366·• ·. 382 . 403 . 415 437 479 510 529 ··._553 586 ..
160 228 414 431 457 .· ·459 494 .. .536 572 595 621 659
170
180
190
243
257
271
467.
524
584
485
. 543 ·.
602
. 513
572
534· ..
522
583_·.·
649
553
619
. 688 .
601
.665
733
' 639
714
792 I
665
743
825
694
'757.
846
729
804
..884

200 286 643 666 . 699 716 .756 808 .·· 851 901 . 927 977
210 300 ··709 .731 768 '786 826.' 880 935 975
220 314 778 .. 798···. 838 858 902 958
. 230· 328 851 873 _912 934-··:.· 9~2.
240 343 ' 922 945 988

For this pipe size: V :,> 0.0956 x gpm; hv =; 0.000142 gpm 2 .

. Figures in sh_aded area are laminar (viscous) flow. .
· For velocity data .see page 3· 16.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter; or any abnormal conditio~ of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be _estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It i.s recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
· 20°/o be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · ·
 Friction

llquid. s (Continued)
. . . . .• . .· ~ .

Friction Loss for. Vi. sc.ou.s

· (Based on Darcy's For ula) ·· .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 Feet of Pipe .
2 Inch (2.067" inside dia) Sch 4! New Steel Pipe .

Kinematic viscosity+centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
26.4 I 32.o I .43.2 I 65.0 I 1oa.4 I , !>2.3 I 216.5 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU v fscosity

per hr(42
min gal). 125 150 200. 300 500 50 ' 1000 1500 2000 .3000.,
1 1.4 .91 1.10 1.49 2.24 3.74, 5.60 7.48 11,2 15.0 22,4¥,.

E
~ 2.9 1.82 2.21 2.98 4.48 7..49 11.2 15.0. 22.4 30.0 41iO
3 4.3 2.73 3.31 4.47 6.73 11.2 i:6.8 22.4 33.6 45.0 67.4
4 5.7 3.64 .' 4.42 5.96 . 8.98 15.4 ~2.4 29.9 '44.8 60.0 ·.89.9
5 7.1 4.56 .· 5.52 7.45 11.2 18.7 . ~8.0 37.4 . 56.0 75.0 . 112

5· 8.6 6.47 "

6..83 .a.95 13.5 . 22.5 ~13.6 44.8 .· :81.2 >'90.q 135
7 10.0 •',' 6.38 7.73 10.4 75.7 28.2 ~9.2. 52.3 78.4 :1-05 1S-,.
8 11.4 7~29 •. B.84 11.9 18.0 30.0 ~'4.8 59.8 89.6 . 120 '180
9 12.9 8.20 9.9" "13.4 20.2 33.7. . t lo.4 67.3 ;101 . 1.35 .202
10 . 14.3 9.11 . 11.0 . 14.9 . . .22.4 37.4 ~18.0 74.8 . 112 . 150 224
..
12 17. 1 10.9 13.3" 18.9 . 26.9 44.9. ~ 7.3 89.7 135 180 269
·14
~·"
20.0 .12.1. 15.5 20.9 31.4. 52.4 105 151 210 ·314
16 22.8 14.6 11:7 23.9 35.9 59.9 . .6 120 · 179 240 359
18 . 25.7 16.4 19.9 26.8 40.3 ·61.4 141 735 202 270. 404
20 28.6 18.2 .. 22.1 29.8 .iU.9 74.9 . 1 2 150 224 .300 449

25 35.7 .22.8 27.6 37.3 58.1 · 93.B 1• 0 187. 280 375 582
30 42.9 27.3 33.1 44.1 67.3 112 108 22.f . 336 450 614
35 50.0 31~9 38.7 52.2. 78.5 131 1 16 262 392 525 788
40 57.1 63.0 44.2 59.6 89.8 150 2. 4 299 448 600 899
45 64.3. 70.8. .80.2. 61.1 101 168 2~ i2 336 .503 .675
50 71.4 92.8 97.1 74.5 112 187 2•IO 374 560 750
127 .
60
70
85.7
100 162
134
176
146
189
135
157
225
262
~~. 44S
523
872
'784
900
80 114 208 219 238 180' 300 .4.18 598 .696
90. 129 257 270 293 . 327 337 SiU 873
100 143
157
3o9
364
322
379
352 388
465.
374. 5
s•1
so 748
110 412 412 823
120 171 423 445 463 537 449 6 1.3 898
130 186 487 510 549 . 618 487· 7~8
140 200. 548 580 627 703 524 784
'
150 214 622 655 705 792. 909 a•o
160 228 697 737 792 887 8~6
170 243 ns 808 882 952
180 257 858 871 962
190 271 947 986 .
Loss in lb per sq in .433 {sp gr) (figures from table).
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-16. ·
Note: No allowance has been made for ag e. difference in dian ' eter, or an 'f abnormal
. condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commer ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · ·

3-51
 ~ . .

l;» lngersoll·Dre~er Pomp~ Cameron Hydraulic Data .

· . .,. ~-------:~ Fricti<>n. Los~ for·\fiscou~.· Liquids (Continued)
. (B~sed on Darcy's Fo.rmula) · · ·
.. Loss in Feet of Liquid per 100.0 :fee[of Pipe.· . ..
• 21/2 Inch (2.469". inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe ·

·...Kine·matic viscosity~centistokes
flow
US .6 u 2.1 I2.1 .1 .4.3. I
7.4_______ I
10.3 ..._13.1
Bbl+-~----~~------......_-...,...,.........,-...,...,......._...,...,...
1 15.7 1 20.s
_ _.___.....,.......,_...,__ I I I
gal per : . ' Approx ssu viscosity
· per. . hr (42 .._,,._...__,__ ___,,__---,..._-_,,.,,....__ _,,.,...___..-..,_____,..____;,...,.,.._ ___,..._ _
min · gal)·. 31.5 33 •.35.· 40 .. '50 .·.' 60 .·'
"

10 80 : 100
.. ..
.10 J4.3. .92 I·
1.05 1.23 ·. •··1.31. 1.48 " L~6 1;75 2.22 .2.66· 3.50·.
12 '. 17.1 1;28 .1.47 1.70 •1.80 , 2.04. 3'$1. ·2.10 2.67' 3.19 4.19
14 .. 20.0' "' ' 1.68 1.92 ·2.23 2.37 2.65 3.09 2:45 ' ·.·3;1f. 3.73.· ,4.89
'16 •' 22.8 -2.15 ·. 2.43 2.81 .2.99 . ·3.34. 3.86 • 2.80·. ·.·.·.·3i58 4.26 5.59.
:
18 ..25.7' .2.68 . 2.99 '3.46 .. .. 3.68. ... '4.21. 4.7i• ·... 5.26· 11.00' 4.80 6.28
.. : '.
'·4~~.
' 20 '28.6 3.23 3.61'. 4.27 . 4.42 '. 4.94 5.73 6.26 5.~ '6.98
' 25. 35,7 ·• 4.88 .· 5.39 6.17. 6.55 7.31 ·8.42 .9:20. '9.79. 6.'68 '6.73
30. :42.9 •.·6'.61. '7.57' .. 8.55. 9:01 ' 10.1 n.s 12.6 '1.3.5 ' 14.1 · ,fQ.5
'35' .50.0 9.18. 9.97 11.3 tUS .13.3 15.1 16.4 17.7. ··.· 18.5 20.0
40 57.1 11.8 . 12..B 14.3 15.0 .. 16.8 .: . 19.0 ·. '20.7 22.1 23.2. 25.0
''

1a.1 . 2s.5
45 .. ~.3
50 '71.4
·. ~::~·.· 17.7
·21.4····
20.s
22.4 ' .· 24.9 ' . ·. 28.3
25.6
'30.6'
27.1
32.5 .
28.4'.
. 34.1,
.30.6
.36.8
60 85.7 . . . 25.6 .· .29;9 31.1 < 34~2 . 39.1 42.1 .. 44.7 '46.7 . ' .·.5o.4
70 100' 34.2 .· . 39.6 :41,4 45.2' 51.4 ' 55.4 •' ' ' 58.5 61.5 '66.0.
80 114 . 44.1 .· 50~6 , ;53.0 . ·. 57.3 ' 64.5' ', 69.7' 74.2 n;5 82.7 .

90 129 ·. 55.2 '58;8 63.2 '.65.4 '' 70.9. ,• 80.0 '86.6' 91.2 '95.3 103
100 '143 .·. '67.2 72.3' 76.7 79.4. 85.8 . ·..•. 96.3 104 ,. ' 109 . 115 123
110 157 80.9.. 86.2 92X 9<\.B . 103- 113' 121 130 135 146
120 171 . 95.7' 102 toe· 112' ' 121 133 143 151 158 169
130 .186 .. · 112 . 118 125 130 . '139 · 155 '. 166 176 • 181 194
.·

140 200 129 J36 144 .150 160 176 188. 198 209 221
150 ''
160
f10·
214
228
243
147
.,67
188
155
175
'196
165
187
210
170
191
214
. 181 '
203
226
198
224
248
.212'
238
267 ..
223
253
283
..
234
262
290
250
'281·'.
a12·
.. 1.80 .257 .210 ' 219 .234. 239 "
253 277 2,97 311 322 345 .·
.. '

190 271 233 243 260' 265. 280 '30.6 . . 328.. • 339 356 ·. 378
200 286 258 269 "
286 "'
292 .. 308 334' 357 373 391 417
220 314 310 322 343 351 369. 400 427· 448 '461. 486
240 343 367 ' 381 404. 416 '' 436, ·. 469 494 522 539 573
.260 •371 • . 429 .·445 470 482 . 505 543 575 .599 '' <621 660

280 400 497 513 540 556 580 630 •· 657 686 710
. 758
300 429 568 ·.s86 617 632 659 .705 748 775 ·803 849
320 .457· 643 663 695 716 '
747 799 837 875 ·903 952
340 486 725 745 775·· .BOO ..839 894 933 .980
360 514. 809 .. 835 866 892 •936 ,994
.

· For. this pipe size: V = 0.0670 x gpm; liv 6.97 x 10~5 x gpm2; = .
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-17. ·
N~te: No allowanc~ been· made. for age, difference in diameter, or any abnor~al c~ndition of interior
has
surface. Any factor. of safety must be estimated from the local: conditions, and the requirements of each.
particular i.nstallation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 .to ·
· .20% be added. to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

·3-52
 Friction·
Friction Loss for Viscous. Liq ids (Continued)'
· (Based on Darcy' a FormL la) ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 100~ Feet of Pipe

2V2 Inch (2~469" inside dia) Sch 4 > New Steel Pipe
Kinematic viscosity- entistokes
Flow

US Bbl
2s.4 I 32.o I 43.2 I 65.o I 1oa.4 I 182 3 · I 216.s I 325 I <tas 850

gal per Approx SSU vise osity

per hr(42 1----....-----.----....----...---.......-+--.-----.----...------
min gal) 125 150 200 300 . 500 751) 1000 '1500 2000 3000

1 1.4 .::145 JU .13 1.1U 1.84 2.15 ·.3.111 6.62

II
2 2.9 -~go 1.D9 1~47 2.20 3.68 • 5.fiO ':7~35 11.0-
4 5.7 1~79 2.17 2.93 4.41 1.36 '11.fJ ,:.,14.1. .22.1
6 8.6 2;69 3.26 4.40 6.62 11.0 ·16.~ ::.'22.0' 33.1
8 11.4 '• 3.$8
... 4;34 5.111 8.82 14.7 'i:22.P ·~29.4. .,.,,..~ ;,
'•,'' ,'

10 14.3 4i48 6.43·. 7.33 11~0.' 18.4

12 17.1 ', 5.38 tJ.51'.' 8.80 13..2 22.1
14 20.0 s.21 .7..60 10.3 16.'f 25.7
16 22.8 1.us 8.88 11.7 17.8 29.4
18 25.7 8.06 9.71 '13.2 ~19.8 33.1
20 28.6 · 8,96 10Ji; 14.1 :22.0 36.B
25 35.7 11~2 13.0't 18.3 27~8 46.0
30 . ' 42.9 13.4 ·16.3;- 22.0 33.1' 55.2
35 50.0 ',15.i 19.0. 25.fJ .38.8 .84.4'
4(; 57.1 - 11.9 21.1; '-29_3 44.2 73.6
45 64.3 33.0 •· 24.4 33.0 49.6 82.8
50 71.4 39.2 27.2.' .. 36.6 55.2 92.0
60 85.7 54.D 56.5 44.0 66.2. 110
70 100 70.0 73.5 51.3 '7l.2 129
80 114 87.7 93.4 101 BB.3 141

90 129 110 115 125 99.3 166

100 143. 130 137 148 110 184
, ,0 157 154 164 176 197 202
120 171 180 '. 188 205 226 221
130 186 206 216 232 263 239
140 200 234 247 267 299 251
150 214 265 279 305 333 276
160 228 296 312 338 374 294
170 243 328 345 373 415 312
180 257 364 384 412 461 530
190 211'. 403 420 454 514 587 623
200 286 438 457 493 550 628 550
220 314 522 540 586 658 752 605 ..~ .'
240 343 612 633 682 760 866 660
260 371 711 732 782 861 715

Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gr) (figures in table).

Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3·17.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dianieti;,r, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local donditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercia design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-53
 ./,:-e
.I ~ lngersoll·Dre15ser Pumps . ·. · Cameron Hydraulic Dai-a-.
... .. . .. .. . . . · ·-·- . . . . · -·--· . -· e-.
. ·.·· .

~ ~-
. . . . '' . ' . . .:

-l-: l
· Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids (Continued)· ':•~
·· .·. ·..· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · .. · . ·.. ·.. ·. ··. . . ;.,.

Loss in Feet Liquid per 1000 Feet of. P.ipe . of -~1

3 Inch (3.0$8" inside dia} Sch 40 New Steel. Pipe ·11:•
Kinematic viscosit}'-CentistoKes
-·~
,·• •~
«

.
us
Flow

Bbl
.6
I 1.l I . 2.1 .. 1 I
2:7 4.3 I 7.4 I
. Approx
..
10.3 I ·. 13.1
I 15.7 .1 20.6
e-
.·gal· :per.· ... ·.· . ssu viscosity
- . .
••••
...
per hr(42 .. •

. 31.5. 40 Sci .··.·oo

-·~·
min .9al) .· 33. .· . .35 10 80 100
. .· ..

••••
....
·.... a ·n..4· .22 .25 .29 ;32. .•24 ·A2 . ;59 . .74'. .89·. · 1.18 .
.10 14.3 .32. ;31 ..
.43 .47 .54 .53 . . .,73: ~93 . 1.11 1;47 •
. 1.07 • «

......
15 •. 21.4 .70 .76 .89 ·.. 94 .79 . 1:10 1.40 1.67 . 2.20
•.
20 • 28.6· 1.12 ·.1.27. 't.47 ... 1.5.7. '· 1.78. ·.·2.07 1.46 1A36 2.23 ·2.93.
.25 35.7' '1.69 ·).93 2.23 . 2.31 .. 2.61 • 3.01 3.29.· 2.33· ·2.19 3.66 . (
..

..·.··'
. . . ...
.··
30 .·'42.9 2.36 2.64 '2.99 3.22 .. 3.60. 4.12 '4,50' 4.83 .. 3.35 '1.40.
50.0 3.13 3.48 3:91 4.21 4.66 . 5.41 . 5.89 ·.. 5.13.
7.93 .. .·.·.··::~i
35 6.35
57;1. 7.46.
40
50 71.4
4.03·
5;10
4A2
• 6,70
·5.02
7.50
5.29
··1.93
5.90
8.76.
.6.80
10.1 ·.10.9 n.1· 12.3·
5;87
'13.2. .. 4f.1:
.:·
.60 85.7. 8.57 .. .9.32 .. 10.4 ' 11.0 12.0 · 13.7 •.. 15:0 .16.. 0 ·.·. 16.8 18;0

70 100. , 1.5 . 12.4 . 13.8 14.5 15.9 19.6 20.9 21.9. .. 23.6
18.0 · .
.
•c-
50·· 114 14f· : 15.9 17.. 5 .. 18.4' 20.3 ·22.9. . 24.6 26.4. 27.7 29.B ·
90.··· 129 30.4 ·. 32.4 .. 33.8 . 3.6.3
100 143
18.4.
·. 22.4'
19..9
'24.2
: 21.8
26;3 .
22.8
·. 27.5
. 25.ll . ·•
30:2.
·2a.o ·
33) 36.4 39.0 .· 40:8. 43.6
120 .171 . 31.8 34.1 36.9. . 38.6 ... A1.9·.·: 46.8' 50.5 53.4 56.4 .·· 60.0

140 200 42.4 .• 45.6 49.4 50.9. .55.4 . 65.5 66.0 . 10:0 " 73.2 78.6
160 ·228.· 54.8. 58.0. 63:3 . .·· 65.4 70.4 79;1 . 83.8. 87.9 92.3 . 98.2
180 257 .69.o · 72.7 . ·78.7. B1.6 87.2 97.2 104 109 .. 1i4 122 ··.fll,·
•c·
200 286 . 84:7 88.9 95.7.· ·. 99.4 106 .· 117. 125 ·.• 13.1 . 137 146
. 225. 322 ·. 101: >· 1.12 .1.20 • 124 132 . 145 . 155. •..· 164 . 169 180
•. .
250 ·357 ., . 131' 137 ·. 147 151 ·.· 160 115; 188 .195. 204. 218
275 393. 158' 164 17!) 180 191 208 226 •·. 233 243 258
300 429 187 .193 204 1
2i2 225 244.·' 260 ... 273 281 298

•
325 464 .·.· 218 225 238 ·247 .. 261 283. 300·" .31.6 «
325· 345
350 500 ··253 260 27.5 .. 283, . 3oo 324 344 361 373 396
424 ..
·.

c~
375 536 288 '298 314 " 322 ·.· .. 341 . 367 388' 407 448
400. 571 .328 339 354 363. 385 .414 436 456 476 .498
425 607. 368 381 .· 397.«
. 407 432.. 463 468 511 529 550
421··. .455 .·. 480. . 515 ~.3 587
450
475
643
679
410
457
.443
473 .. .. 493 '504 .532 . 571 · .. · 599
568
625 646
619
681 lt.1
··1)
·,
500 714 .504 524 544 5$5 .587 .. 627 658 684 707 750
525 750 555 574 597 .. 609 644 688 720 748 110 .. 821
$50 786 606 621 '651 665 703 748 783 . 814 ·. .838 890
. ,)

";
575 822 663 685 708 723 761 814 852 886 912 962
600 857 721 742 767 .. 783 820 a82 919. 960 989
,,'

. For this pipe size: V = 0.0434 x gpm; hv = 2.923-5 x gpm 2 .

~t
·Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous} flow.
For velocity data see page 3·1 B. · · ·
·Note: No aUowance. has been made for age; difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of interior.
surface. Any factor .of safety must be estimated from the local cond.itions and the requirements 9f each
particular installation. It is recommended that tor most commercial design purposes a safety factor.of 15 to
~. ··e
I
20% be added to the values in the ta.bles-see page 3-5. · ·· · · ·

I J

I
i
.--~;. ' . ..
--··
•..i
.~-:
Friction
--.)
: ~.

-
.) . - Friction Loss for Viscous Liq Jids (Continued)
,,:·
•.
•.•.
· . (Baaed on Darcy's Form\ la) . ·. ·
..
Loss
.
in Feet of Liquid per.10t
. ..
0 Feet of Pipe
.
'.
,, 3 Inch (3.068" inside dia) Sch 4• New Steel Pipe
~.,:,,

•••.
·: Kinematic viscosity:- centistokes
Flow

\
us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 10a.4 I 16 ~.3 I 216.s I 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi~ cosity

·-·~.
per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 7!0 1000 1500 2000 3000

•••.} 4 5.7 .75 .91 1.23 1.85 3.08 ~62 6.16 9.25. 12.4 18.5

,•.'. II
6 , B.6 1.13 1.37 1.84 2.n 4.62 92 9.24 13.9 18.5 ZT.7
8 11.4 1.50 1.82 2.45 3.70 8.16 9.23 12.3 18.6 24.7 ·as.9
10 14.3 1.88 2.28 3.06 4.62 7.70 '11;5 15.4 23.1 30.9 48.2
12 17.1 '2.25 2.73 3.68 5.55 9.24 13.B 18.5 27.7 31.1 55.5
....
.,.:
•..).).
.!
14
16
20.0
22.8
2.83
3.00
3.18
·3.64
4.29
4.90
·6.47
7.39
. 10.8
12.3
1i2
1 ,5
21.5
24.6
32.3
31.0
43.3
' 49.5
64.7
73.9
18 25.7
•..!

1'·.
,
20
25
2B.6
35.7
3.38
3.76
4.69
~.09
4.65
5.69
5.52
8.13
7.67
9.24
71.5
8.31 13.9
15;4
19.3 11
20,.8

2 B
·21.1
30.8
38.5
'41.6
48.2
57.7
55.6
.61.8
77.3
/83.2
92.4
115
' 30 42.9 5.63' .B.83 9.20 13.9 23.1· ·. 34.6 48.2 89.3 92.7 139
35 50.0 6.57 7.97 10.1 16.2' 27.0 ·~3 63.8· 80.9 108 ·162
4o 51.1 7.51 9.10 12.3 '18.5' 30.B· .2 '61.6 92.5 124 185
50 71.4 9.39' 11.4 ' 15.3 23.7 38.5 51,.7 n.o · 115 154 :231

.:
•>" 60 85.7 19.2 13.7 18.4 ZT.7 . 46;2 .. 69i·2 92..f 139' 185 277

~A
1
70 100 25.3 . 26.8 21.5 ' ·32.3 53:9 108 1.82 216 .323

•:··
ei·
80
90
100
114
129
143
31.6
38.9.
46.1
33.6
'40. 9
49.5
24.7
44.6
53.0
37.0
41.6
462
.··e1.6
. 69.3
n.o.
'1
11
.3 123
' ·. '139
154
185
208
231
247
278
309
369
416
462

·f·.j••. .
" 120 ' 171 ' 64.0 67.6 ., 72.9 55.5 92.4 13 185 277 371 655

140 200 83.9 89.1 94.9 108 108 tBa 215 323 433 647
160 228 106 111 120 135 .123 18~ 248 370 495 739
l 180 257 131 137 148 164 139 20f ,. 2n 418 556 .832
200 286 157 163 179 198 154 23, 308'· 462 618. 924
225 322 191 204' 223 242 279 26( 346 .520 896
.l)

•·
.1
1· 250
'275
300
357
393
429
229
271
316
242
285
261
311
291
343
332
396
456
281
37,
.385
423
fJ77
635
n3
850

•.•,
331 361 398 .)fj 482 693 927
325 464 364. 381 416 458 527 37i 500 751
.l, 350 500 415 ' 436 467 523 593 67 I
638 809

I '375
400
536
571
469
526
493
550
528
592
586
656
672
751
741?
l
sn
616
867
925
B4J
425 607 587 612 656 728 834 93 654 982

••
450 643 652 675 728 802 928
475 679 718 744 801 689

Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gr) (figures in table). i

•• Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow .

For velocity data see page 3·18 .

•.;••
.,
Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference. in diamet 13r, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercia design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values In the tables-see page 3-5. ·
I

•'.
••
•.,•'
' l

• •!
•}'.l 3-55
 ·-----··---··-··
- -. ) i1ngersoll·DresSer Pumps ·Cameron Hydraulic Data
·Friction Loss for Viscous Li.quids (Continued)
· . · · .· · · · (Based on Darcy's Formula) · . ·. · · .
Loss in Feel of Liquid per 1000 Feet .of Pipe
3V2 Inch (3.548;' inside dial 'sch. 40 New. Steel Pipe

.Kinematic .V;SCosity~kes · ·
Flow
I . 2:.7. ., I -

us Bbl
.6 ·. ·I ... 1.1 · .... 1. 2.1
.
·4.3 ·. 7.4 I 10.3 I 13.1 I . 15.7 I 20.6

gal per ·..•.Approx .ssu visc;::osity

·per. hr (42
min gal) . 3t.5 ·. 33 .. 35 40. ·- 50 60 70 ···90 100 .

20 28.6 .56 .• .· .63 .72 .78 ..ea . 1.03· . .82 1:04 . 1.25 .1.84
25. 35.7. ,82 .93 1.08 .1.14 1.29 1.52 .. · 1.67 1.30 1:58 2:05
30 :42.9 1.15 1.29 1.50 1.57. 1.78 2,09 ·2.30 1;58 .1.87 . 2.46
-t~~ .· ·'3:28
35 . 50.0 1.53 · 1.10. 1.94 .. . 2.08 2:a1. 2.68 2.97 3.18 2.87
40. 57 ..1 1.95· . 2~ 17 2.49 2.68 . 2.91.· 3.35. 3.70 4.00
.. "
45 64.3 2:46" . 2.68 3.03 .. 3.22 ·3.59 4.11 ·4.57 4;a1 ·.· 5.19 ·. '3,f19
50 71.4 2.95 ·3.25. 3.68 ..•.3.90. 4.32. 4.98 ·.5.42 ···5.87 6.20 . 6.64
60 85.7 .4.17 ·4.54 5.12 .· 5.38. 6.00 6.82 .7.41. . 7.97 ·. . 8.41 9.21 ··
.·10 100 6.78 6.02 .·.
•. 6.78. . 7.11 7.84 8.87 9.76 . 10.4 .. 10.9 11.9
80 ·114 ·7.19 .··. 7,72. . ·.. 8.57 .· 8~79 9.81' · 11.2. 12.3 13.0 13.7 ·. 14.9
...

90 129 8.92 .. 9~59. 10.6 11.2 12.5 13.9 '15.0 16.1 16.8 :18.3
100 143 .10.8 . 11.7 : .12.9 .· . 13.6 . 14.8 16.8· 18.0 19.3 . 20.2 .. 21.7
120 171 15.4 .16.4 .. 18.1 .. • 18.7 .. ,20.5 ·.· 22~9 ··25.0 26.3 27.7 29.7
.140 200 . 20.5 22.0 .· 23.9 . .24.9 ·. 27.3 . 30.5 33.1 34.6. . 36.0 39.1"
160. 228 26.4 ·.· . 28.3 30:9 31.9 '35.0. 38.4• 41.8 ; 43.9 45;6· ·· 49.o ·

180 257 33.0 35.0 .• . 38.0 ···39.6 42.5· 47.7 50.8 54.0 56.3. 60.1
. 200 . 286. 40.3 43.0 46.3 . 48.0 51.4 . 57.1 61.8· . 65.5 68.0 72.2
225 322 50.7 53.2 57.7. ·.. · 59.7 64.7 71.2. 75.9 80.1 84.3 .· 88.8'
250 357 62.6·· ·.ss.o.·... 70.9 .·. 72.7 78;9 86.5 92.7 96.9 . 101 107
275 393. .75.4 ·. 77.9 84.6 .•·. 87.1 93.3. 102 . 110 . 115 120 127
•'

300 . 429. 92.2 99;6. . .103 109 119 . 128 135. 140 148
·8s.2 .·•·•· ·. 108. 116. 138 . · 147
325 464 104 . 120. 127 154 161 171
350 500 121 124. .133 ·. .138 146 159 169 178 183 ,• 194
375 536 138 .··. 142. 152.. 157 167 '· 181 191 . . 200 207 ·. 220
400 . 571 156 161 171. 178 ·. 188 '· 203 •. 213 225 233 248
:

425 ·. 607 176 ·. .181 192. 200 : 211 .225 238 252 259 279
450 643. 196 203 213 .• 221. 234 . 250 265 280 287 309
475 679 219 225 .. 235 •. 244 .·
257. 276 292 310 319 336
500 .·. 714 241 249 259 268 282 . 304 321· 340 350 368
440 . ..
.
550 786 .·. 290 300 .. 311 . 323 340 . 365 . 385 407 . . 415

600 857 343 355 387 377 399 426 452 466 480 510
650 929 .400 414 428 440 461 498 522 540 557 587
700 ·1000 464 480 494 505 532 .. 572 597 . 621' 637 675
750 .1010 532 548 567 576 604 651 682 704 725 769
800 1140 606 624 641 652 684 730 765 794 815 861 .

For this pipe size: V = 0.03245 x gpm; hv = 1.634 x 1o-5 gpm2 •

Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
·For velocity data see page 3-19. ·
Note: No allowanc~ has· beeri made for age, difference in diameter, or any ab~ormal condition. of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each.
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3--5; · · ·· · . . ·

I
 Friction
·Friction Loss fQr~ Viscous_~iq_t_~ids (Continued)
· · (Based on Darcy's Form~la)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe
3Y2 Inch (3~548" inside dia) Sch ·10 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity ;centistokes

Flow

US Bbl
26;4 I 32.o I 43.2 I ss.o I 1oa.4 I 162.3 21s.s I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU •::ositv.

per hr{421--~-...,.--~--r~~---r-~~-r-~~-,..-1-~-.--~~.....--~--,....-~~--~-

min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 !750 1000 1500 2000 3000

10 14.3 f.05 127 1:72 2.58 · 4.32 6.48 · B.82 12.9 ·16.9 . 25.8
15 21.4 1:57: 1.91 2.58 3.88 6.47 •, fJ.68 12.9 ' .19•.f .25..f 38.8
20 28.6 2.10 2.54 3.+I 5.77 ·8.,83 2.9 ·11.3 25.8 .. 33.B · 51.7
25 35.7 2.82 3.18 429 6.41 10.8 6.1 21.IJ 32.3 :<12.3 {;4. 7
JO 42.9 3;1~ 3.82 5.15 1.16 ]3.0 .. 9~, :.'25.9 '-311.8 "" ,;'5().1 71.8
35 50.0 3.61 '' 4.45
40 57.1 4.20. 5.09
45 64.3 4;12' .: 5.73
50 71.4 5.25 ' 8.38
60 85.7 1130 7.fU
70 100 12.8 8.91 12.0 1s.1. ·.so.t .. '6.~:·. , ·'°·"· so.ti ns -,.~.•~·
80 114 16.1 16.9 13.7 20.7 ": ·".34.5 Si;S hG.O .103 J. .135 1
207 ·
90 129 19.6 20.8 · 15.5 ·23.3 . r38.8. 51.1.~. .:.:Tl.IJ ·116 ·152 233
100 143 23.6 24.8 11.2 25.9 :'3~2 ··f'.6 '''M.2 129 1.89 258
120 171. 31.9 •· 34.0 a1.1 · a1.a · :5t;S . 77.s :,104 "'165 ':.. ,203 . 810
140 200 41.5 43.8
160 228 52.3 55.3
180 257 64.6 67.3
200 286 n.3 81:5
225 322 94.4 99.8

250 357 114 120 129

275 393 134 141 153'
300 429 157 164 178
325 464 181 188 205
350. 500 206 215. 233

375 536 234 245 262 291 339 ~2 , 323 "•485' ". -634 914
400
425
571 261 274 291 32s
363
a19
419
4123
~173
m
.... , '
.s11
560
1118
.. .,.,,. '
-
607 291 303 325
450 643 322 337 359 402 462 fl25 388· -582 76f · '
475 679 353 388 395 440· sos n2. ·410 ·"'1•~, ·:soa;~t

500 ' 714 389 403 433

550 786 459 481 514
600 857 538 566 600
650 929 620 648 690
700 1000 700 735 789
Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gr) (figures in table).
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-19.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dia~1eter. or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loc.i I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-57
 . .

I) ln9ersoll·Dffsser PulnpS · . C~meron Hydraulic Data

Friction-Loss for Visc~ust.iquids (C.oritin-1.ied) · - --
. (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ..·.. · . . .·
Loss in Feetof Liquid per 1000 Fe'etof Pipe
.4 Inch. (4.026"
.
inside dia) Sch 40 New
.
Steer Pipe .
. . .

·Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
.6 I 1.1 I 2.1 I 2.1-
I 4.3 1 7.4 I 10.3.
I 13.1 r 15.7 1 20.6

gal per .· . Approx SSU viscosity

per hr(42 .

min gal) 31.5 .. 33 - . 35. 40 50 60 70 ·.· . BO 100

20 2B.6. .30 .34 .40 .43 .49 .57 .50 .63 .75 .99
30 42.9 .62 .70 .82 .a1• ·.9a.•. 1.14 1.25 . .95 1.13 - 1.48
40 57.1 1~05 1.18 1.35. . 1.44 1.62 1.86 2.04 2.20 '1.51 1.96
50 71.4 ·.1.58 . 1.76 2.02 2.i3 2.37. 2.75 .. 3.00 3.21 .3.40 2.47
60 85.7 2.22 ·.2A4. .. 2.80 2.93 3.27 . 3.77 4.12 3.29 . 4.62 5.01·
..
70 . 100 ·.. 2.96 ··3.24 3.69 3.88 .. 4.31 4.93 , 5.39 . . . 5.72 ·. 6.03 6.53
80 114 3.79. 4 ..16 .4.67 ·. 4.93 5.44 6.20· 5,75 .. 7.23. . 7.55· 8.17
.90 . 129 4.72 . 5.15 5.77 C6.0B 6.72 7.63. 8.32 .·0:a1. 9.29 10.0
100 143 5.77 6.27. - 6;91 7:33 .· .8.12 9.15 . 9.97, 10.6 11.2 12.0
... 10.2 .·· 11.2 12.7 13.6 .· 14;6 · 15_3 16.5
120 171 ··· 8.09 8.81 9.66

140 200 10.8 > 11.7 12.9 .13.4 . 14.8 ·16.6 J7.9.·' 19.0 20.0 21.6
160 228 13.9 15.0 16.4 ,.· 17.1 ,··18;8 ... 21.1.·· .. · ·. 22.7 24.0 25.2 27.2
180 257 . 17.4 18.7 20.4 21.5 23.2 26;0 . 28;1 29.6 30.8 33.3
28;0· .. 31.4 .···.
~~J-·
200 286 21.4 22.7 24.9··. '25.9. 33.7 -. .36.9 .· .40.0
220 .314 .· 25.6.· .27.2 29~8. ·• 30.8 . ·.·33.2 37.3_ .. 40.2 44.0· 47.0

240 343 30.3 ·. ·.··32.0 34.9 >'36.1 38.8. ·- 43.4 46.8 49-.1 . 51.4 .. .· 54.6··
260 371 35.4. 37.2· 40.4 42.0 45.0 50.1 53_9· . 56.7 59;3 .· .62.7
.280 400 ·.40.8 42.7. ·. 46.4 ·.···48.2. . 51.7 .. · •·. 57.4 .· 61.6< • 65.0 67.4 71.3
300 429 .46.6 48.7 53.0 •.. 54.l;i. ·58.8 6.4.9 69.6, ·.. 73.3. ('6.0 81.0
350 500 62.7 6!j.6 70.6·· 72;8, ·. 77.9 85.4 91.2 96.2 101 .. 107

··571 84.7 90.4 .· 93.7 99.8 . 109 116 .

. 122 127 . 135
400 81.4
450 643 . 102. 106 .113 117 124 •.. · 135 144 .151. . 157 167
. 500 714 125 130 137 )42 .151 164 174.· 182. . 189 201
550 786 151 157 165 ·.· 170 ' 180 195 206 216. 224 239
600 857 '179 185 195 200· 212. 229. 242 253 263 '·278

650 929 209 216 228 .. 231 ·.. 246 266 280. 291 303 319 ..
700 1000 . 242 249 260 ·. .267. 283 306. 322 333 346 365.
750 1070 276 285. 298 305 . 321 348 366 .. 377 391 414
800.· 1140 314 324 337. 345.•·- • 362 392 411 426 • 439 465
... 406 438 459 476 519
850 1215 355 364. 378 ..•... 38( 489

900 1285 396 408 424 434 453 486·· 510 531 543 574
950 1360 441 451 470 481 502 536 563 584. 600 632
1000 1430 . 488 500 521 527. 550 591 ·.· 621 641 662 ·•694
1100 1570 587 602 627 634 659 7.08 740 765 790 822
1200 1715 699 712 741 754 780 835 869.·. 898 924 966
.
For this pipe size: V = 0.0252 x gpr:n; hv = 9.858 x 10-5 gpm2•
· Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow. ·
For. velocity data see_ page 3-20. · ·
. Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diameter, or ·~ny abnormal condition of interior
· surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated. from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for inost commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3~5. . . · . · · · .

3-58
 Friction

Friction Loss for Viscous Liq~1ids (Continued)

-- . . (Based on' Darcy's. Formu a) .
' ' .

Loss in Feet of Liquid per· 1000 Feet of Pipe

4 Inch (4.026" inside dia) Sch 401 New Steel Pipe
Kinematic viscosity- centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
2s.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 1 16: .3 I 216.5 325 I 435 I 650
gal per Approx SSU vi! cosity
per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 . 500 ~o 1000 1500 2000 3000
15 21.4 .95 1.15 1.55 2.34 3.91 ,85 I
7.80 11;7 15.7 23.4

E
20 28.6 . 1.21 1.54 . 2.07. 3.12 5.21 ,80 10.4 15.6 20.9 31.2
30
40
42.9
57.1
1.90
2.54
2.30
3.0B
~.11
4.15
4.68
6.25
1.82
10.4.
1~1
1 6
15.6
20.B
23.4
31.2
31.3
41.8
46.B
02.5
50 71.4 3.11 3.84 5.18 .7.81 13.0 1~5 20.0 39.D 52.2 18.1
I
60 85.7 '3.80 4.61 6.22 9.37. 15.6 . ~-4 31.2 48.8 62.7 '93.7
70 100 4.44 5.38 .• 7.25 10.9 18.2 ·27,.3 36.4 64.6· 13.2 109
80
90
114
129
8.81
10.8
6.15
.11.3
. 8.29
9;33
12.5
14.1
20.8
23.4 a3.2
3 .1
41.6,
46.8
62.4
70.2
.83.6
SU.1
125
141
100 143 12.9 13.7 :10.4 . 15.6 26.0 3 .0 52.0 78.0 105 158

120 171 . 17.6 18.6 20.3. 18.8· 31.2 4L8 . 62.4 . 93.7 125 .187
140
160
180
200
228
257
22.9
29.0
35.5
24.3
ao:a
37.4
26.5
33.2
40.7
21.9
25.0
45.7
36.4
·41.1
46.9
5'
- 6:
7C .2
·"... 12.8
'83.2
93.6
. 109
125
·-140
146
187•
188
218.
250
28.1
200 . 286 42:a 45.0 .48.7 54.8 52.1 7LO 104 756 209 . ·312
220 314 50.3. 53.0 57.1 64.7 57.3 .· --Bl .8 114 172 230 ·. 343
240 343 ·58.5. 61.5' 65.1 74.7 62.5 ~ ~-6 ·.725 187 ·251" .· 375
260
280
371
400
67.2
76.4
70.8
80.5
76.8
87.2
85.7
97.3
67.1
. 73.0
10
10.; ,,.,,
135 '203
278 ,:
272
·292·
,«HJ
437
300 .429 . 85.8 90.B 98.5 110 127 11 "°. 156 ·234 313: ·-,4$8

325
350
464
500
98.5
112.
104
118
113
128
125
143
.146
166
12r
138
169
182
254
273
340
366
508
547
375 536 127 133 145 . 161 187 149 195 293 932 586
400 571 143 149 162 180 208 15 rr . 208 312 418 825
450 643 178 184 198 222 254 - 28 5 .234 351 . - 470 103
..
500
550
714
786
213
252
2~1
263
237 .
280
265
.313
305
360 ~~-- 260
286
390
429
523
575 .
iB'I
860
600 857 296- 305 328 364 41} 4Ei 507 468 627 937
650 929 338 353 .378 419 480 s~ 0 583 :507 -680 .. ,
700 1000 386 402 433 474 . 546 6( 8 663 546 732 :-,

750 1070 437 455 488 533 616 615 745· 585 78'
.. ...
800 1140 490 510 546 570 687 7114 830 62.f 836 . ;
.850 1215 544 570 608 663 763. 8• 8 920 663 889
900 1285 603 629 674. 739 844 9: 9 ·. 941 ·:
927 . .,
950 1360 666 696 743 813 993 "'

Loss in lb per sq In = .433 (sp gg) {figures from table).

Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-20.
. .

Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diam eter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in th_e tables-see page 3-5. ·

3-59
 .I l 1ngers~H-Dresser llumps . Cameron Hydr~uli~ Data
Friction toss for VJscous···tJquias::rcontinuedJ _ _ _
- · (Based on Darcy's Formula) . · _ -- _· • _- __ -_

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of _Pipe

_6 inch (6~065" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us - Bbl -
.6
I 1.1
I 2. 1 I 2.7 I 4.3
I 7.4. I 10.3 I 13 ..1
I 15.7
I 20.6
gal - per · Approx SSU viscosity -
per hr (42 -
min- -••gal) _-
31.5 33 35 40 50 60 -- 70 8~ , " 100
:
75 .107 -- -- .45 .49 .58 .61 ;68 ..so .86 .... ----
.93 .98 .72
- 100 - t43 - .77 - " .85 '. .96 1.01 1.14 1.30 1.42 1.52 -- 1.62 1.74.
--
125 - 178 .1.14 ·f.27 1.43 1.51 1~68 1'.95 2.10 '2.23 2.35 2.57
150 214 , 1.61 1.78 2.01· 2.09- - - 2.32 2.66 - ._ 2.86 3.08 3.20 3.46
175 250 2.13 2.37_ 2.63 - 2;79 - 3.04 '3.52 ... 3.74 < 3.97 , .4.24 4.51
200 '286 - 2.75- 3.00 3.34 - - 3.55 3.85 4.41 4.76 5.02 5.31- "
5.69
225 322
-- 3.42- 3.74 - - 4;17 - 4.38 4.78 - 5.39 5.89' '5.16 6.45 7.05
250 -357 : .4.15 -_._4.55 " 5.07 5.21 5.76 :6.94 -7.11 7.47 7.77 8.41
275 393. 4.99 5.42 -- 6~02 6.28 6.88 7.60 8.35 8.86 9.18 9.81
_300 · 429 5.87 6.38 7.06 - - 7.37 _8.09 - 8.94 9.69 -.10.3 . 10.8 11.4'
350 500 7.90 .8.45 9.38· - 9.80, - 10.5 11.s 12.6 _13.5 _ 14.2 15.0
400 571 10.2 10.9 11.8 - 12.5 : >13.4 15.0 _, 16.0 17.0 18.0 -19.1
450 643 12.8 - i3.6 -: _ _ '14.8 - - 15.5-_ 16.7 :18.5 19.7 20.1 23.7
- - - 21.8.
500 - 714 15.6_ 16.6 - 18.0 - 18.7 - 20.4-'- •----22.6-- -24.0-- - 25.1 •_: - 26.4 - 28.5
550 786• 18.8 19.8 • .21.5 _22.3 . 24;3 26.s•-- 28.5 -29.6 - - 29.9 33.4
.:
600 857. 22;1 -- 23;3 25.1 ,.26.2 28.4- 31.1 _33.2 ----35.0 :_·- 36.2 - 38.8
650 929 25.8 27.2_ - 29.2 - 30.4. 32.8 36.1 - 38;5 40.4 - 41.8 44.7
"
700 1000, .29.7 _ 31.2 -33.5 34.9 37.5 - 41.1 .44.2 :· 46.3 _-___ 47;9 51.3
750 1070- 33.9 - 35.6 - 38;2 39;7 - 42.5 46.7 49.9 - .51.8 54.0 57.2
800- 1140 -38.3' 40.5 - 43.2 44.4 47.8 52.7 56.1 58.5: --- 60.9_ - 64.3
900 1285 48.5 50.7 54.4 _- 55.Ei 59.3 ._ 65.4 69.1 72.8: 74.6 79.9-'
1000 1430 59.5._ 62.2 - 66.4 67.5 _72.4 -- 79~3 83.4 - 87:6 91.0 95.9 ·
1100 1570 - 71.Ei 74.8 79.4 so.a- 86.7 '94_5 - 99.6 104 109 1.14
1200 -_-1715 -- 84.6 87.9 - 93.4 95.6 102 _111 -117 --- 12t :. 126 133
1400 ··2000_· 115 -
.,

118 _126_ 128 135 146 155 161 167 177-·--

"
--
1600 2285 150 153 - 162 '' 164 173 187 :199 207 213 224
1800 2570-- 188 193 203, 206 216 232 246 256 264 278.
- 2000 -2860 231- 237 - 247 :· 253 264 284 296--- 311 320 334
-
2200 3140 277 286 _-
297 --
303' 316 - 338 -- 354 371. 382 398 •.
2400 3430 330 341 352 - 3!j6 374 · 395 417 430 : 448 470
2600 3710 387 395 . 408. 418 - 433 .461' 485 500 520 543
2800 4000 449-- 458 " 470' 482 497 ·· ,.... 526-' 553 574 - -- 595' 621
3000 -·· 4285. 515 526 '.- 536 550 567 597 628 655' 666 706
3250 4640 605 613 629 641 665 70_1-. 729 757 777 817 -
3500 - 5000 697 :·· 711 729. 739 771-· 808 841 - 869 _- 897 938
For this pipe size: V = O.Q111 x gpm; hv--'."' -1.914 x_ 1o-6 gpm2 • -_
. Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow. ·
For velocity data see page 3-22. · -- ·
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference In dfameter, or any- abnormal ~onditicin of inte~ior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loeaLconditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to_
20% be_ added to the values In the_ tables-see page 3-5. · · ·

I 3-60
 I
Friction
Friction Loss for Visqous Liqu ds (Continued)
(Based on Darcy's Formu a)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1OOM Feet of Pipe
6 Inch (6.06511 inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-< entistokes

Flow

US Bbl
26.4 1 32.o 1 43.2 65.o I 1oa.4 I 162.3 I 216.5 I 325 435 I a5o

gal per Appro;11; SSU viscosity

per hr (42 1------,.----,.----,..---,---..,.--~;__,-----r-----.-----T---
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 1sq 1000 1500 2000 . 3000
50 71.4 .62 .14 1.00 1.51 2.52 3.!! 5.04 . 7.57 10.1 16.1

II
75 107 .92 1.12 1.51 2.27 3.78 5.~ 1.!56 11.4 15..2 22.1
100 143 1.23 1.49 2.01 3.03 5.05 7.l~5 ' 10.1 · 15.1 20.3 30.2
125 178 2.75 1.86 2.51 3.79 6.31• 9.• 5 12.6 · 18.9 25.3 37.B
150 214 .. 3. 75 3.96 3.07 4.64 ·. .7.58 11 .. ' r1s.1 ~.22..1 30~ ·46.4
•. ,>

175 250 4.90 -5.17 5.62 5.30, ·8;84 ·35:5.

200 286 6.10 6.51 7.07 IJ:06 , 10.1 40:5
225 322 7.43 .. 7.93 . 8.66 6.82 : 11.4 45.6
250 357 8.91 9.43 10.4. 7.51 12.6 6D.7
275 393 10.6 11.1 12.2 13.7 . 13.9 55.~

300 429 12.3 12.9 .14.2 15.9 ,,~1s.1 60.9

350 500 15.9 17.1 18.3 20.8 17.7. 11.0
400 571 20.1 . 21.3 23.1 26.2 , 20.2 81.1
450 . 643 24.7 26.0 28.6. 31.9 36.9. 91.3
500 714 30.0 31.3 34.1 28.0 44.2 101

550 786 35.6 36.9 .40.2 44.6 52.1

600 857 41.5 43.1 46.4 51.7. 59;1
650 929 47.7 50.0 53.4 59.6 69.4
700 1000 54.1 57.0 60.8 68.6 78.8
750 1070 60.B 64.4 68.5 76.8 88.5

800 1140 68.0 72.1 76.9 85.7 97.8 111 ··.80.6.

900 1285 83.9 88.5 95.2 105 .·· 120 136 148
1000 1430 101 106 115 126 144 163 177
1100 1570 120 125 136 148 171 192 208
1200 1715 .140 146 158 173 200 220 242

1400 .2000 184 193 206 230 258 287 316 353 284
1600 2285. 234 244 260 288 323 363 393 445 324
1800 2570 292 299 322 350 399 452 480 543 591
2000 2860 350 364 387 425 481 535. 576 652 707
2200 3140 417 435 459 510 573 628 683 771 833

2400 3403 .. 487 507 535 585 668 730 799 885 968
2600 3710 564 587 620 677 769 841 913
2800 4000 645. 669 714 773 874 954
3000 4285 i34 751 805 867 993
3200 4570 827. 850 909 982.

Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gg) (figures in table).

Figures in shaded area a,re laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3·22.
Note: No allowance has been made tor age. difference In diamet 9r, or any abnorm.al condition. of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for. most commercia design pJJrposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

. '"--·-----· 3-61
 I ~ Ingersoll·Dresser. Pumps· ·. Ca~eron Hydraulic Data
Friction- Ltiss. for Viscous Liquids (Continued)·· ~ -
.· (Based on Darcy's Fo'rmula) . . . . ·.
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 ooo Feet of Pipe ·
8 . Inch (7.981" inside dia)
.. .
Sch
.
.40 Ne'w
.. ' .
Steel Pipe. . '

..
Kinematic viscosity-centistokes ·
Flow

us Bbl
.6 I 1.1 I 2.1 1 2.7 1 4.3 I 7.4 I 10.3 I 13.1 I 15.7 20.6

gal per . Approx·SSU viscosity

per hr (42
min gal) .. 31.5 . 33 35 40 50 60 70 80 100

150 214 .42 .4i .53 .56 .63 .72 .79 .84 .88 .96
200 286 ..71 .78 ~89 .94 1.05 . 1.15 ··· 1.30 1.38 1.45 1.57··
250 357 1.07 1.18 1.33 1.40 . .. ·1.56 1.77. 1.92 2.04 .. 2.14 .2.30 .
429 .1.50 1.65 1.85 . 1.94. 2.15 . 2.43 2.65 . 2.80 2.93 3.15.
300
350 500 ·2.01 2.19 2.45 2.57 2.81 ·. >3.20 •.. 3.46
... . . :;.69 3.a5· .4.13

400 .571 2.58 . 2.78 3:12 3~26. 3.58 .·.· 4.04 4.37 . 4.64 4.83 5 .. 21
•3.48 . 3.85 4.05 4.42 · 5:oa. . 5.39 5.70 5.96 ·6.38.
450
500
600
643
714
··557
3.21
3.94·
$.54
4.23
5.95
4.69
6.61
·.4.90
.• 6.82
.· .5.33. 5.98
7.44 . •• 8.27
6.49
· B.89
..
·6.82 .. ·7.18
9.48 ;: 9.83
. 7.91
10.6
tQOO 7.44 7.96' 8.71 9.04 9.84. 10,9 . 11.9 12.4 13.0 •. 13.9
·. 700
800 1140 9,66 10.2,. 11.l 11.7 12.6 .13.9 14 . 8 15 . 8 16.4 17.4
900 1285 . 12;1 12.8 13;8 . 14.4 15.5. 17.. 1 .18.4 · 19.4. . 20.2.; 21.5 .
16.8 .·.. . 17.4 .. .. t8.7 ·.'.·22.2 .23.3 •·. .· 24.4
moo 1430 14.8' 15.6 ·. 20.8 26.0 .
1200 1i1s 21.0 . 22.0·•·· 23.7 24.S··. . 26.4 28.9 . 30.7. 32..4' : 33.5': 35.9.· ·•
1400. 2000' .· · 28:3 ,.
29.6 . 31.8 .· 32.6 ·. 35.6 ·.
38.2' 40.7 42.6'. 4.4.3 47.5
" ' .
. 1600 2285 36.7 38.4·' 40.6 42~1 ·.· . 44.5 ·. 48.7 .. 51:9 54.1 56.1 .59;3
2570 46.1 48.0 so.a.·· 52.3 55.4 60.4.· 64.5 67.0 69.4 ·.73,5
1800
2000 2860 . 56.5 58..8 ·.· e1;9 63.8
76.3 ..
67.3 '.
80.5
73.4
·. 87:5
: 77.7
9~.1 ..
•
81.1
96.8
. 83.8' ·. 88.8
105 .
2200 3140 .· 67.9 ... 70.2 74.4 '99.6
2400 3430 80.8 .. 83 . 0 .··.88.0 . 90.2 . 94,7. ·.. i 103' .. ,108 . ..114 117 123

2600 3710 94.2 97.5 ...' 103 105 110 119 125 ' 1
131 135' ..1.42
121 127 ·135 . 144 149 . 155 163
2800 4000 . 109 .· 112 . 118 .145 164 170' 176. 184
3000 4285 125. 129 ..
.146. •'
135 '138.
156
.. 162.
. _155 .
174 184 191 197 208
3200 4570 142 153 I
3400 .. 4860 160 '164 ' 172 174 182 '196 206 213 220 232

3600 I 5140 178 183

' 192 .. 196 204 217 226 237 • .:· 244 258
3800 . 5425 ·.199.·. 204 212 217' 226 .• .240 251 262 269 285
4000 5715 220 225 .. '234· 238' 249 265 277 .·.•· 289 295 311
4500 6425 276 284 .· 294 ·. 300 . 311 331 345 358 ass··. 3.85
360. ,. 365 380. ···404 418. 433.· 447 '• .··466
5000 7.145 . 341 348

5500 7855 410 419 .· 433 439 457 480 500 ... '. 518 : 532 555:
6000 8570 488.· 498. 512 519 540' .. 567 592 609 623 654.
6500 .. ·9280 573 581 601 609 630.· 662 .686 '707 723' 755
7000 10000 664 673 692 702 1
725 763. 791 810 829' 867 ·.
..
7500 10700 760 773 789 806 827 865 '897 925 946 984

For this.pipe size: V = O.OQ641 x gpm; h, = 6.383 x 10 'x gpm 2•

For velocity data see page 3•23. ·
Note: No allowance has been made for age. difference in diameter, or :any abnormal con~ition o.f interior
surface. Any factor of safety rriust be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that tor niost comrrie,'rcial de.sign purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-'-see page 3~5. ·· · · · ·. ·· · · ·

I
-·•
.....
Friction· Loss for Viscous· Li~uids (Continued)
Friction

•.
•. \i ·~·

{Based on Darcy's Forrraula)

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1~ too Feet of Pipe
.~-~
......') 8 Inch (7.981" inside dia) Sch • 0 New Steel Pipe

•
•••.
· .• •

,;
•. i,

'

us
Flow

Bbl
26.4
I 32.0 I 43.2
I
Kinematic

65.0
viscosit~-centistokes

I 1oe.4 I 62.3 I 21s.s I 325

I 435
I 650

" gal per Approx SSU viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

50 71.4 .21 .25 .34 .50 .84 1.26 1.68 2.52 3.38 .5.05
100 143 .41 .50 .67 1.01 1.68 2.52 3.36 5.04 6.76 10.1
150 214 1.03 .75 .1.01 1.51 2.52 3.78 5.04 7.56 10.1 15.1'
200 286 1.67 1.76 1.34 '' 2.02 3.37 5.04 6.72 10.1 13.5 20.2
250 '. 357 2.46 2.60 2.85 2.52 4.21 6.30 8.40 12.6 16.9 25.3

300 429 3.37 3.56 3.89 a.oa 5.05 7.56 ' 10.1 15.1 20.3' 30.3
350 500 ' 4.39 4.63 5.04 5.69 6.89 8.82 11.8 11.7 23.6 35.3:
400 571 5.54 5.83 6.35 7.18 6.73 10.1 13.5 20.2 ,' 27.0 40.4
450 643 6.79 7.16 7.75 8.76' ·1.58 11.3 15.1 22.7 30.4 45.4
500 714 8.17 8.58 9.32 10.4 8.42 12.6 ' 16.8 26.2 33.B 50.5
550 786 9.65 10.1 11.0 12.3 9.26 '13.9 18.S 27.8 ' 31.2 55.5
600 857 11.2 11.8 12.6 14.3 16.6 15.1 20.2 30.$ ' 40.5' 60.6
700 .1000 14.7 15.5 ,16.7 ' 18.6 21.7 17.6 . 23.5 35.3 .·47.3' ·10.6 '
BOO 1140 18.6 19.4 21.0 23.4 27.1 20.1 26.9 40.3 ·54.0 80.7
900 1285 22.9 " 24.0 .·2s.. 9 ' 28.7 '33.1 37.4 '30.2 ' ·45.4 60.8 '90.8
1000 1430 27.4 28.8 31.0 34.4. 39.7 44.9 33.6 50.4 67:fJ 101
.1200 1715 37.8 39.4' 42.8 47.3' ~.3' '60.9 66.4 60.5 81.0 121 · .
1400 2000 49.7 52.0 56.1 62.0 70.8 '79.3 86.7 70.6 ,.94.5 141
1600 2285 ,, 63.2 65.7 70.6 . 78.0 89.3 99.4 108 80.7 "
108 161 '
1800 2570 ,77.9 81.3 86.9 ,' 96.2' 110 ' 22 132 150 122 182

2000 2860 93.4 98.0 105 , 16 132 147 159 180 135 202
2200
2400
3140
3430
111
130
116
135
124
145
137
159
155
181 01
ra 186
217
211
244
149
266
222
242
2600 3710 149 155 168 183 208 . 231 250 279 306 282
2800 4000 .170 178 191 ,210 236 .. :·52 283 317 347 282
3000 4285 193 201 215 ,· 236 267 • 96 319 357 389 303
3200 4570 217 225 240 265 299 • 32 357 398 433 323
3400 4860 242 251 268 294 333 : 69 397 441 480 343'
3600 5140 268 284 '296 326 369 '07 438 488 529 598
3800 5425 296 307, 328. 359 404 • 47 482 536 562 656
,'

4000 5715 325 337 358 394 441 4ss 526 586 635 718
4500 6425 405 417 442 485 543 101 646 718 777 876
5000 7145 488 505 536 582 656 .· 26 776 860 932
5500. ·7855 579 605 634 689 773 ass 913
6000 8570 678 706 744 810 910 !~93

Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gr) (figures in table). '.

Figures in. shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow. ·
For velocity data see page 3-23.
' ' ' ' ,' i ' ' ' ' '
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in dia eter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface; Any factor of safety must be estimated from .the loc I conditions and. the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commer ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

3-63
I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps ·· · C~meron Hydraulic Data.

Friction Loss:for ,Viscous.-.Liquid·s (Continued):

(Based ori Darcy's Formula)
Loss .in F~et ol Liquid per 1000. Feet of Pipe
1o Inch (10.02" inside dia) Sch 40 New Ste,el Pipe
I ' . .

Kinematic viscosity-;-centistokes ..
Flow

us Bb.1
.6 I 1.1
l 2.l
I ··2:1 I 4.3
I 7.4 I 10.31 13.1 I 1s.1 I 20.6

gal per Approx SSU viscoSity,

per hr (42
min gal)·. . 31.5 33 35 40 50 . 60··· . 70. 80 ·.. .100
:
400 571 .83 ~92 1.03 . 1.09 (19 1.35 1.46· 1:55 1.63 1.75 .
500 714 . 1.27 1.38 1.53 1,60 1.78 . 2.00 2.16 2.30 2.40 2.59
600 857 1.78 1.91 2.14 . 2;24 2.47 ·. 2.77 2.98 3.15 ..3.31 . 3.54
.
··100 1000 .. 2.39 2.55 2.84 2.97. 3;25 3.62 3.93 . 4.14 4.32 . 4.67
800 1140 3.06 3.29 3~63 I .3:79 4.12 4.63 . 4.99 ... 5.25, 5.46 5.86
. .. .
900 1285 .· 3~84 4.12 4.49 4~72· 5.09 5.72 6.1.4 6.46 6:74. . 7.19
1000 1430 4.68 4.99 .· .. 5.4.2 .. 5,70 6;13 6.90 . 7.36 7.63 6.10 8.63
1100 .·. 1570 5.63 5.97 6.49 6.82 . 7~34 . a:20 8.76 "9.25 9.62 . 10.3
.1200 1715 6.61 7.05 7.63 7.85 ·. 8.65 9.58 10.3 •.. 10.8 . 11.3 11.9
. 1300 1855. 7.71 8.18 . ·8.85 9.16 . . ·. 9.95 .11.0 .11.6 12.4 . '13.0 . 13.7

1400· 2000 B.88 · 9.42 . 10.2 10.6 11.4. . 12.6 13.5 14.2 ·. 14.7 15.7
1500 2140 \10.1 10..8 11,7 >12~0 12.9 . · 14.3 15.3 16.1 • 16.6. 1J..B
1600 2285 11.5 12.2 . 13.2 .13.6 .. 14.6 16.0 ' .17.2 18.1 18.7 .·20.0
J800 2570 14.3 . 15.1 16.2 16.7 17.9 19.7 .. 2o.s . 22.1 .. 22.9·· . 24.3
2000. 2860 17.8 . 16.6 . 19.8 20,6 .· 21.8: 24.o ·. · 25.5, . 27.0 ·'
26.0 '29.5
: .
2200 3140 21.3 ,··22.2 23.7 '24.6 I 26.1 28:6·.
··: 33.4
30-.3 ·. 32.1 . 31.8 <
35.0
2400 3430· 25.2 26.3. . : 28.0 "28.9 30.7 .
35.5 .• 37.3 . 38.9 .· 41.0
.2600. 3710 29.6 30.6 ·. '32.5. 33.5 ... 35.6 38.7 .. 41.0 .. 42.9 4'4.8 . '47.3
4000 34.1 37.4 . .. ··44.5. 47.1 . 49.0 . 51.0. ·..54 ..1
2800 35.3 38.4 40.B.
3000 4285 39.1 40.2 42..7 43.5 46.6 50.7. 53.2 55;'7 57.7 61.3
'•
,. :
3500. . 5000 52.5 .· 54.4 . .57.4. 58.9 . 62.3 ·. 66.4 70.6 73;6 76.2 ' ao:8 .
.. '
4000 . 5715 68.0 70.5 . 73.9 75.9 79.9 .85.8 ·. ·,· 90.~ 94.2 97.1 102
4500. . 6430 86.1. 88.6 .· .· 92.3 94:8 99.2 107 112 117 ·. .120 127
5000 .. 7145 106 109 113 116 122 130 136 142 146 153
5500 7855 128. 131 136 ·. I 139 .145. 156 162 •. "169 173 . 182

6000 8570 .152 154 161 164 172 183 .. 191 197 204 213 .
6500. 9280 177 180 187 .;91 201•··' . 212 221 220· 236 246'
7000 10o0o 205 .206 217 220 231 243 255 263. 369 282.
7500
. 8000
10700
114QO.
236
266
239
272
248
.282
251
286
262
296
......
. 277
314 ... ,·
291
329.
298
337
303
345
321
360 .
. •'··

850() 12100 301 307 318 .·· 321 334 352 367 378 387 403
9000. 12900. 337 341 354. 359 372 392 407 422 429 .'447
10000 14300 .416. 422 434, 441 453 478 492 511 524 542
11000 15700 503 511 . 522 533 544 574 593 611 626 649
12000 17150 599 603 617 630 643 679 701 719 737.·" 763
,For this pipe size: V =0.00407.x gpm: h, = 2.569 x 10 7
x gpm 1 • · ·

.· For velocity data see page 3-24.

Note: No allowance has been made .for age, difference i.ri diameter,: or any abnormal condition of .interior
. surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to .
20% be added to the values in the tables-:-see page 3-5. · · ·

3-64
 Friction

Friction
·.
Loss for. Viscous·. Li~uids. (Continued)
. · (Based on Darcy'tfFot ula) · ·· ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 Feet of Pipe ·.
10 Inch (10.02" inside dia) Sch O New Steel Pipe
1

.. Kinematic viscosit~,-centistokes
Flow

US Bbl
26.4 I 32.o I 43.2 I 6s.o I 1oe.4 I 162.3 I 21s.s I 32s I 435 I 6so

gal per Approx SSU nscosity

per hr (42 ·1------r----r--.,---....,---~r---.,...---.,r----r---.....--
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

150 214 ;25 .30 .40 .61 1.02 7.52 2..03 3.04 4.08 6;09
200
300
400
286
429
571
.58
1.15
1.83
·'°
1.22
1.98
.54
1.33
2.17
.81
1.22
1.62
1.35
2.03
2.71
2.00
3.04
4.08
. 2.71
4.06
S.41
4.o6
6.09
8.12
S.43
8;15
10.9
8.12
72.2
16.2
500 714 2.75 2.91 3.18 3.60 .. 3.39 .5.07 'i 5;77 ·.·..10.1 13.6. ·20_.3
600 857 3.78 3.97 4.34 4.89 4.06 ·61i8 >·8;12 ;:.1.2:2·
700 1000 4.94 5.19 ' 5.66 '6.37 4.74 · 1.10 ; '9.47 '•·14;2
800 1140 6.21 6.55 7.10 7.97 . 9.31 ,S.,2 .;f;::10.8 ',ffl,2.:
900 1285 7.66 8.04 8.71 9.76 11.4 9.13 '·:12.2· 16.3
1000 1430 9.21 9.61' .10.5 11.7 13.6 '10.1 ·:·:13~5 :ao.3.
1100 1570 10.9 11.4 '12.3 . 13.8 16.0 .18.0 ··14.9 ·. :.22.3. ·44.6
1200 1715 12.6 13.4 '14.4 16.0 18.6 . 21.0 «16.2 ·:24.~· 48.7.
1300 1855 .14.5 15.4 16.4 18.4 21.2 ;24.0 :11.6 '26:4·. 52.8
1400 2000 16.6 . 17.5 18.7 20.9 24.1 j27.2 .18.9 • 28.4 56.8
1500 2140 18.7 . 19.6' 21.2 '23.6 27.2 30.6
I
33.3 -30.4. 80.9'
' 1600 2285 21.0 21.9 23.7 26.3 30.4 34-.1 '37.2 32.4. '64.9
1800 2570 26.0 27.3 29.2 32.2' 37.1 . 45.5 38.5' .13:1
. 2860 '141.7
2000 31.3 32.7 35.0 38.6 44.4 . 49.8 54.4 '.40•.6,. 81.'2
2200 3140' 37.0 38.6 ' 41.3 45.8 52.3 58.8 64.0 .· 71.9 89.3
2400' 3430 43.1 45.1 48.3 53.4 60.9 j6B.3 74.2 83.8 ·97,14 '
2600 3710 49.8 ' 52.1 55.4 61.4 70.0· !1a.3 . 85.0 96.2 .10;1 105
2800 4000 56.8 59.2 63.5 70.1 79.7 ae.9 96.1 109 .76.7 114
3000 4285 64.3 66.8 71.8 78.8 es.a· ~9.8 ' 108 122 133 122
3500 '5000 84.9 88.3 94.4 103 117 131 142 159 180 142
4000' 5715 108 112 119 131 149 1'65 178 199 217 162

4500 6430 133 139 147 162 182 218 244 266 300 .
5000 '7145 160 168 179 . 195 218 262 293 318 360
5500 7855 191 199 212 231 258 309 345 373 423
sooo· .8570 223 232 ' 247 268 302 .. ' 359 399 435 489
6500 9280 258 267 286 310. 348 411 460 499 560

7000 10000 296 305 ' 326 355 396 4Bs 468. .522 566 637
7500 10700 335 347 369 402 447 492. 529 589 638 766
. 8000 11400 377 389 414 452 505 550' 594 659· . 710 797 '
9000 12900 469 482 512 557 624 6179 729 809 869 976
10000. 14300 567 582 619 ' 666 743 8~7 872 964

Loss in lb per sq in = .433 (sp gr) (figures in table).

Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see. page 3-24.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diam•~ter. or ariy abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular Installation'. It. is rec()mrnended that for most commerc al design purposes a safety factor of 16.to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

·-·- ----'--------· '3-65

 . . ' . . . .

I~ l~gersoll·Dresser Pumps · Ca_meron Hydraulic ·Data

· Friction Loss for Vis~ous Liquids (O~ntinued)-·
· . · · · .· · (Based on Darcy's Formula) . .. . .· ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid :per 1000 Feetof Pipe
·. 12 Inch (11.938" inside di(l) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe
..
Kinematic viscosity:-'""centistokes .
Flow

us Bbl
0.6
I 1.13
I 2.1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13.l ·· 1 15.7
I 20.6
gal per Approx.SSU viscosity
per hr (42 I

min ·· gai) 31.5 33 35 .·. 40. 50 60 70 . 80 .·• 100 ..

300 429 .21 .24 .27 .28· . :31 ;36 .38 .41 .43 .47
:

:
. 400. 571 .36 .40 .45 .47 .51 .59 .64 .67 .70 ;77 .:
500 .··. 714 .54 .60 ..
.67 .70 ... · .75 : :8(' .95 .99 L03 ·1.12
... 600 857 .76 ... 83 .93 ., .98 1.04 1.19 l.30 1.39 . 1.41 1.53
.1.29
.. · L37· 1.56 1.70 .
700. . 1000 .98 .
1.11 1.23 . 1.82 .. 1.84 ·•. 2.00
:·
800 .1140 1.26 1.42 1.57 . 1.64 1.74 1.98. : 2.15 2.30 2.36.·. 2.51
900 1285 . 1.57 1.76 1.94 1.96. 2.15 2.44. 2~65 2.82 2~94· 3.08
1000 1430 1.92 2.07 2.36 2.38 2.61 2.94 3.19 3.40 3.57. .3.70··.
1200 1715 .2.73 2.91 3.18 3.32 3.62. ·-:: 4.07 4.41 ..'4.68. 4.91 .5.08
1400 . 2000 3.67 3.90 4.24 4.41 4.80 5.37 ·. ·5,79 6.14 6.43 6.65
I·. ..
:
1600 .·• 2285 .4.75 5.02 5.43 5.64. 6.12 6.83 7.35 7.78 8.14 .· 8.51
.1800 2570 5.96.. 6.29 6.77 ·.· 7.02 7.59 8.44 .·.. 9.07 9.59 .·.·10.0. ..•• _10.6
2000 2860 7.32 7.69 8.25 ·.· 8.54 9.21 : 10.2 ·-11.0 11.6 '12.1. 12.9 ·.
2500 3570 .· 1.1.3 ·. 11.8 12.6 13.0 13.9 ..... ·15.3·. 16.4 • 17.3 · 18.0. .· 19.2
3000 4285 16.1 16.8 17.. 7 18.3 .· 19.5 21:4. 22.8 23.9 ·. 24.9 2g.5
·•·

3500 5000 21.8 22.6 23.8. 24.4 26.0 28.3 30.1 31.6 32.9 34.9 ··'
4000 5715 28.3 . .·. 29;2 30.7 31.5 33_3·· . ·36.2 38.4 40.3 '. 41,8 44.3 ·.
..
4500 6430 35.7 36.8 38.5· ·.· 39.4. .. 41.6 . 45.0 .47.7 49.9 51.7 54:8·.
5000 7145 ..44.0 . . 45.2 47.1. 48.2 50.7 . 54.7 .57.8 60.4 ·.62.6 ... 66.2
5500·. 7855 53.1 54.4 56.6. 57.8 . 60.7 ,· 65.3 68.9· . 71.9 74.4 .· 78.7 .:.·
. · .
6000 8570 63.0 64.5. 66.9 ·. 68:3 ~- 71 .6 . 76.8 80.9 84.3
6500 9280 1· 73.8 75.4 78.1 79.6 83.3 •.. 89.2·· I 93,8 . 97.7 ,g~-2 92.l ·.. ·
• 106
7000 10000 85.4 87.2 90.1 91.8 95.9-.. 102 108 112 116 122
7500 10700 97.9 99.8 103 105 .. 109 .. 117 122 127 131 :. 138 ..
8000 11400 . 1.11 113 . 117 119. 124 . 132
..
138 ·. 143 148.' : 155
.·. ..
9000 12850 141 143 147 149 155 164 ; 172 178 183 ·,.· 192
10000. 14300 173 . 200· .· .
11000 15700 209
176
212 ..
180
217
183
220
·.·
-~~~·-.·· 240:
209
250 ·. ..
217
269
223
266:
233_·.. •·.· ...·
278 .··
12000 17150 249 252 258 .. 261 269. 283 ... 294 304 312 .. 326·' .
13000 . 18550 291 295 301 305 314 330 342 353 363 .373 • ..
.. 14000 20000 338 342 348. 353 363 380 394 406 416 434
15000 21400 387 392 .• 399 403 41.4 433 449 462 473 493
16000 22850 440 445 . 453 457 469 .. 490 ... 507 522. 534 556
18000 25700 557 561 571 577 590• .. 614 . • 634·. 651. 666 ...·. 692.'.
·20000 28600 687 . 692 703 709 725 752. 775 ·.. 795·· 812 842
v
For this pipe size: = 0.00287 .x gpm; ti,= 1.275 x 10-• x gpm 2 ,
For velocity data see page 3-25.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal coridition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from. the. local conditions and the req1.1irements o.f each
particular. installation. It is recommended that for -most commen::ial design purposes asafety factor of 15 to ·. ··
20% b.e added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · · · · · ·· ·· ··
 .Friction

Friction Loss for Viscous Liduids (Continued) ·

(Based on Darcj's For~ula) . · . ·· ·
. Loss in Feet o·f Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe .·
12 Inch (11.938" inside dia) Sch \40 New Steel Pipe
'>. • . ' '

· · Kinematic viscosi~ -centistokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4
I 32.0
I 43.2•
I 65.0
I 1oa.4 1 162.3 l 21s.5 I 325 435
I 650

gal per Approx SSU ifiscosity

per hr(42
min gal). 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 ' 1500 2000 3000

100 '143 .08 . 10 .13 .20 .34 .51 .-68 1.00 . 1.35 2.00

E
200 286 .16 .19 .27 .40 .67 1.00 1;37 2.05 2.74 4.01
300 429 .49 .53 .41 .62 1.01 1.51 2.00 3.08 4.11 6.16
400 571 .81 .B6 '.94' .82 1.34 .2.02 2.88 -3.98 5.46 8.21
500 714 1.22 1.25 . 1.37 1.02 1.71 ' ·2.50 '3.'7 5;01 . 6.84 10.3
600 857 ' 1.66 1.71 1.87' 2.12 1.97 3.02 4.05 6.03 7.99 .12.3
700 1000 2.15 2.30 2.43 2.75 .2.37 3.66 ' 4.fJB 1.05 9.36 '":1,3.9
BOO 1140 2.70 2.88 3.05 3.45 2.ea 4.04 5:36 ·8.09 10.7 15~9
900 1285 3.31 3.52 3.74 4.21 4.93 4.44 6.05 9,30 :12.1 ·18.0
1000 1430 3.97 4.22 4.48. 5.04 5.89 '5.13 6.84.·' 10.0 13.5 . 20.0
...
1200 1715 '5.43 5.77 6.33 '6.88 8.01 '' 5.91 7Ji9 12.1 ' '18.2 . :24_;1
1400 2000 7.10 7.53 '8.24 8.96 10.4 11 .8 9~47 '14.6 18.9 ·2e.2
1600 2285 8.96 9.48 10.4 11.3' 13.1 14.8 10.s · 16.2 ' 21.7 ·32.4'
1800 2570 11.0 11.6 12.7 13.8 . 16.0 18.0 19.7 '17.7 24.2 36.5
2000 2860 .·13.2 14.0 15.2' 16.6 ,. 19.1 ,' 21.5 23.6 20.5 27.4 -40.1
2500 3570 19.6 20.6' 22.4' '25.3 28.0' 31.5 34.3 25.7 34.2 51.3
3000 4285 27.2 28.4 30.8 '34.6 ' 38.4 ' 43.0 46.8 53.1 41.1 61.6
3500. '5000 36.2 37.3 ' 40.3 45.2 . 50.2 56.0' '60.9 68.8 47.9 7'.9
4000 5715 '43.4 47.3 51.0 57.0 '63.2' 70.5 76.5 86.3 94.5 82.1
4500 6430 57.6 sa:a 62.8 69.9 77.6 86.4 93.6 105 115 92.4

5000 7145 . 69.8 70.3 75.6 84.1 '' 93.3 04 112 126 ' 138 103
5500 7855 a2.s 83.6 89.5 99.4 ' 110 22 132 148 162 183
6000 8570 96.8 98.2 104 116 128 42 154 172 188 212
6500 9280 112 114 .. 120 133 .· 148 64 176 197 215 243.
7000' 10000 128 131 137 152 174 86 201 ?24' 244 275

7500 10700 145 148 155 172 196 ~10 226 253 274 310
8000 11400 163 167 174 192 220 .. ' • 35 253 282. ·306 345
9000 12850 202 208 215 237 270 : 89 311 346 375' 422
10000 14300 204 253 260 286 ' 325 :~7 373 415 450 505
11000 15700 290 301 309 338 384 ' 11 441 490 530 594

12000 17150 341 354 361 395 448 ' '79 514 569 616 ' 68!1
13000 18550 394 409 417. 456 516 $51 591 655 707 790
14000 20000. 452 469 477 521 588' ,28 673 745 ao4 898
15000 21.400 513 532 541. ' 589 664' 10 760 840 906
16000 22850 578 598 608 662 745 96 851 940

Figures in shaded area are lamina~ (viscous) flow.

For velocity data. see page 3-25.
Note: No allowance has been made for. age, difference in d1anl!eter, or any abnormal condition of .interior
· surface. Any factor of saf,~ty must be estimated from the loca conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is rer.ommended that for most commer ial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20"/., be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-67
 Il 1ngersoll·Dressel' Pumps . Cameron Hydraulic Data

F.riction .Loss for Viscous.-Liquids .(Continued) ~·

(Based on Darc·ts Formula) · ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 10.00 feet 'pf Pipe.··..·..
14 ·inch (13.124n inside dia)·Sch40 New St~elPipe
-····-·~·····~

Kinematic viscosity....:..centistokes

us
Flow

Bbl
per
0.6 I 1.13
I 2.1 I 2.1 I . 4.3 r
· Approj ·SSU viscosity
7.4
I 10.3 ·I 13.; I 15.7 I 20.6
gal
per hr (42
min gal) 31.5 33 35. . ·40. 50 • 60 . 70 80 100
..
. 400· 571 .22 ;25 .28 .30 .32 .37 .41' .43 AS .49
500 714 .34 .38 .42 .45 .48 .55 .61 .62·· .66 .72
600 857 .48 .52 .59 .62 .6.6 ...76 .. 83 . ... 87· ..90 .98
700 1000 .63. :to .78 .81 .87 .. .99.· 1.09 . . 1.16 1.18 1.28
800 1140 .81 .89 .99 1.04 1.10 1.26 1:37 1.47 1.49 1.61

900 1285 .98 1.11 1;23. .. 1.28 1.36 1.55 1.6s • 1.80. 1.85 1.97
1000 1430 1.20. 1.34 1.49 1.55 '1.65 1.87. 2.os·· . 2.16 2.25 2.36 ..
1-200 1715 1.69 ·.1.82 ·2.07 2..09 2.29 2.58 2.80 2.98 3.13 3.24
•. 2.43 2.66 ....·. 2.77 . . 3.03. 3.40 .. 4.09
t~!
1400 2000 2.27 3,68, :
4.23
. · 1600 2285 2,94 3;13 ·.· .. j,40 3~55 3.86 4.32 . 4.66 5.18 . 5.37 <
:
·•·3.69 3.91 4.24 4.41 . . 4)9· 5.34 s.1s·· .6.09.·
.. 6.37 ·.
1800 ·)2570 6.67.
2000 . 2860 4.52 4.78 .. 5.16 5.36 .. 5..80 6.46 6.94 7.35 7.68 .. 8.1T
... 9.67.·
.2500 . 3570 6.97 7.32 ·•· 7.84 ... 8:11 8.73 10.4 ; 10.9 11.4 .. 12.2
3000 . 4285 . 9.94 .· fo.4 11 .1 11.4 . · 12.2 13.5 14.4 15,2 ... : 15.8 16.8
3500 5000 13.4 . 14.0 14.8 15,3 · 16.3 ·17.8 19.o • 20.0_·. . 20.8. 22.2. ·.
·.
4000 5715 17.5 18.1 . 19.1 19.6 20.9 22.8. . 24.2. ·25.5 .. 26.5 28.1 .
4.500 6430 22.0 .22.7: 23.9 . ··24.5 26.0 ... ..28.3 30.0· 31.5· ..· 32.7 . 34.7
5000 7145 27.0. 27.9 .· 29.2 .. 30.0 31.7. 34.4 36.4 .. 38.1 39.6 ~ ·. 41.9.
5500 .7855 32.6 33.6 . 35.1 ·a5.9 37.9 41.0 43.4 45.4 47.0 . • 49.8'
6000 8570 38.7 40.0. 41.5 42.4 .44.6 .48.2:: 50.9 ·53.2 .. · 55.0 . 58.2.
...
6500 9280 ·. 45.3 46.5 48.4 . 49A 51.9 . . 55.9 58.9 61.5 . 63.7. 67.3
7000 10000 .· 52.5 53.7 .· 55.8 •. 57.0 .· 59.7·. . 64.1 67.6 .. 70.5 72.g • 76.9
61.5. . '63.7 65.0 .. 68;1 '72.9 ..
7500 10700 60.1 76.8 80.0 82.7 87.1
8000 11400 • 68.3 69.8 . . 72.2 ·.73.6 76.9 ·. 82.3 86.5.· · 90.0 93.0 98.0
9000 12850 ·86.2 . 87.9 .90.7··· 92.4 .• .· 96.3 103 ·. ~08 112 115 121
..
10000. 14300 106 108 111 ... ,,. 113 11lL 125 131 .. 136 . 140. 147
11000 15700. 128 130 .·.·.·• 134 :136. .141 150 156 162 167 175·
17150 '152 . 155 159 16.1 167 . 176 .. 184 191 2os····. .·
12000
.. 13000 18550 17.9 i8t 186 .188 195 .. 205 214 . 221
196
227
1

236
207 .. .. 215 .
14000. 20000 210 217· 224 236 246 254 261 ... 273
15000 21400 237 240 246 ·. 249 2s6 269 280 289 297 310
16000 22850 270 273 279 282 290 304 S16. 326, 334 349
18000 25700 :!41 . 345 351 355 ·365 381 395 . 407 417 .. 434
20000· 28600· 420 425 432 436 .447 466 482 496 508 528
25000 35700 655 661 671 ·.·. 676.·· 691 . 716.. 737 756 772 800
For this pipe size: v = 0.00237 x gpm;h, = B.73 .x 10-• x gpmt.
For velocity data see page 3-26. ·
Note~ No allowance has be.en made for age, difference in· diameter,. or ~ny abno~mal condition of interio~ .·
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local. conditions and the requirements of each ·.
particular installation. It is re.commended that for.most. commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to·•
20% be. added to. the values in the tables-see page 3~5. · ·

I 3-68
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Li< 1uids (Continued)
(Baaed on Darcy's Fori nula) ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 11 00 Feet of Pipe
· 14 Inch (13.1.24" inside dia) Sch 40 New·Steel Pipe

Kinematic visc:osit v-centistokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I A3.2 65.0 1oa.4 I~ 21s.5 I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSUj viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000
200 286 .11 .14 .19 .28 .47 ·.68 .93 1.36 1.86 2.77

I
300 429 .32 ..34 .27 .42 .69 1.02 1~40 . 2.09 2.71 4.19
400 571 .52 .55 .60 .55 .92 1..39 1.82 2.73 3.72 5.46
500 714 .78 .80 .88 .67 '1.16 1.73. 2.28 3.46 4.57 6.73
600 857 1.06 1.09 1.20 1.36 1.42 2.07 2.75 4.19 5.58 8.37
700 1000 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.76 1.57 2.51 3~21 . 4.82 8.43 9.84
800 1140 1.73 . 1.85 1.95 2.21 . 1.82 2.73 3.68 5.55 .7.44 10.9
900 1285 2.12 2.26 2.39 2.70 2.07 ·s.19 4.14 . 6.18 8.29 12.6 .·
1000 1430 2.54 2.70 . 2.86 3.22 3.78 3.41 4.65 8.91 9.30 ·. 13.8
1200 1715 3.47 3.69 3.92 4.40· 5.14 4.09 .s.87 8.28· 11.2 16.7
.'
1400 2000 4.53 .· 4.81 5.27 5.73 6.67 . 7.57 . 6.27 10.0 . 12.9 19.3
1600 2285 5.71 6.05 6.63 7.21 · 8.36 9.48 7.28 10.9 14.7 22..2
· 1soo. 2570 7.01 •7.42. 8.11 8.83 10.2 11.6. 8.29 12.7 16.8 24.7
2000 2860 8.43 . 8.91 9.72 10.6 12.2 13.8 15.1 13.6 18.6 27.7
2500 .3570 12:s 13.2 14.3. 15.6 17.9 20.2 22.0. ·1e.e 22.8 34.4
.
3000 4285 17.2 18.1 19:6 22.1 . 24.5 27.5 30.0 .. 34.1 27.1 41.9
3500 5000 22.8 23.7. 25.7 28.8 32.0. ·35.8 39.D 44.1 ·. 33.0 48.2
4000 5715 29.2 30.0 32.5 36.3 40.4 45.1 48.9 55.3 60.6 54.8
4500 6430 36.4 37.0 39.9 . 44.6 49.5 55.2 59.9 67.5 73.9 60.9
5000 7145 44.2 44.6 4a.1 53.6 59.5. 66.2 71.7 . 80.7 . 88.3 .. 67.3

5500 7855 52.5 52.8 56.9 63.3 70.2 78.1 84.5 95.0 104 77.4
6000 8570 61.3 61.9 66.3 73.3 81.B 90.B 98.1 110 120 136
6500 9280 . 70.8 71.8 . 76.4 84.8 94.1 104 113 126 138 . 156
7000. 10000 80.9. a2.3 . 87.2 . 96.6 107. 119 128 143 . 156 177
8000 11400 103 105 .. 111 122 140 150 161 180 196 221

9000 12850 127 131 136 150 172 184 198 221 240 270
10000 14300 154 159 165 . 181 207 221 238 265 287 323
11000 15700 183 190 195 215 264 261 281 312 339 380
12000 17150 215 223 228 251 285 305 327 363 393 441
13000 18550 248 258 264 289. 328 351 376 418 451 506

14000 20000 284 295 302 .· 330 374 400 428 475 513 574
15000 21400 323 335. 342 373 422 451 484 536 578 646
16000 22850 363 377 384 419 473 . 506 542 599 647 722
18000 25700 451 468 476 518 583 623 667 73.6 793 884
20000 28600 548 567 576 626 703 777 803 885 953

Figures In shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.··

For velocity data see page 3-26.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal cond1t1on of interior ·
..
surface. Any factor of safety must· be estimated from the loc' I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It Is recommended that for most comme cial design purposes a safety factor of .15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-:see page 3-5. . ·

3-69
....

I ~ Ingersoll·Dresser. Pumps
. - . . .

. ' ' ' ' .. ·.·

.Ca~eron Hydraulic Data
--·Friction Loss.for ViscousLiquicjs (Continued)
· ·. (Based on· Darcy's Formula) · · ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 ooo Feet of Pipe ...

16 . Inch .(15~000"
. . .
inside. dia) Sch
·...... . ·.'
40 New
.
Steel Pipe·
. ·.

Kinematic viscos1ty-centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
..
0.6 I 1.13
I 2.1 I 2.7
l 4.3
l 7.4
I io.3 I 13.1
I 15.1 j 20.6
gal per. ·Approx ·SSU viscosity
per hr(42
min •.
gal) 31.5 •. ,·.40 ..
33. .;35 50 . 60 70 80 100
6oo. 857 .25 .27 .31 .32 . .35 .40 . .44 .46
700 1000 .33 I< .48 .52
.36 .41 .43 .46 .53 .58 .61
800 1140 ..42 .63 .68
.46 .52 .54 .58 .66 .73 .78 .79
.. 900 1285. .52 .58 .64 .86.
.67. .72 ..82· .89 .. .95 .97 .
1000 1430' .64 . ·.10 1.05
.78 . .81 .87 ..99 1.07 1.15 1.17 ... 1.25
1200 . 1715. .87 .98 1.08 · 1.20 ..
1.13 1.36 I . 1.48 1.58 1.65.
1400 . .. 2000 1.16 1.30 .1A3 1.50 ·... 1.59 1.72
1.79 ··. 1.94 2.06·· 2.17.· 2.25
1600 2285 1.50 1.61 1.79 .· 1.84. ·····. 2.02 • 2.27 ·. 2.46 2.61 .2.74· . 2.83
1800 2570 1.88 2.01 2.20 . 2.29 .. 2:50 . 2.80 3.03 .3.21 .3;37 3.48'
2000 . 2860 2.30. 2.45 2.67 2,75 3.03 3.39 ·3.65 3:87. .4.o5 1:· 4.23.
2200 3140 2.77 2.94 3.19 3.32 ·. 3.60 4.02. ·. 4.33.
...
2400
: 4.59: . 4:80. 1·. .•·.5.05
3430 3.27. .3.46 3.75 .3.89. • 4.22· .4.70 5.06
2600 . 3710 ·. .. 5.35 5.59 . . 5.93
3.82 4.03 4.35 4.52 4.89 5.43 ·5.84 6.17 6.45 ··e.aa
2800 4000 4.41 •.. 4.65 5.00 5.18 5.60 . 6,21 6.67
3000 428!) 5.04 ...· 5.69 .. 7.04-· 7.35. 7.87
5.3.0 5.90 6.35. 7.04 . 7.55 . 7,97... 8.31 .8.88
3500 .5000 6.80 . 7.12 . 7:61 •. 7.86 . ·.·. 8.44 . 9.31 9.96 ·10.5 .·,· 10,9 .. 11.7
4000 5715 8.82 .· .9.20 9~79 10.1 10.0 11.~f .• 12.7 . 13.3
4500 .· 6430 .· 11.1 . 12.2 13.9 14:8.
11.5 •...12.6 .: 13.5 ; . "14.7 15.7 16.5
5000 7145 13.6 17.2 I • 18,3 ._._:
14.2 14.9 15.4 '16.4. ·17.9 19.0 .. 20.0. . 20.7'
6000 ·857'.0 19.5 20.1 22.0 ·.
21.2 21.7· . 23.0 .·25,0 26.5 27.8 2i;.0. 30.5
..
7000 10000 :. 26.4 . 27.2 .·. 28.4 29.1 30.7 33.2 .·"
35.2 ··36.8. '38.1 ·40.3.·
8000 .11400 34 ..4 .. 35.3 . 36.7 .. 37.6 .· . 39.5 . 42.6' .·. 44.9
9000• . 12850 46.9 ··48.5 ·51.3
43.3 44.4 46.:1 47.l .·. 49.4 .·.53.0 55.8 58.2
10000 14300 53:4 9();2 .· .63..5
54.5 56.5 57.6. . 60.3 . 64.5 .. 67.8 : 70.6
12000 17150 76.5 .. 72.9 76.8.'
78.0 80:5 81.9 85.3' 90.8 . 95.1 98,f.i 102 107
14000 20000 104 106 109. 110 114
.
121 127 131 135 142
16000 22850 135 137 141 . .143 .. .148 .156 ~63 168 173 181
18000 25100 17.1 173 177 1.80. 185 195 .203·· 210· 216 225
20000. 28600 211 213:. 218 . 221. 227 239 . 248
22000· 256 262 274
31400 255 258 263. 266 . 273 286·.; 297 ..... . 306 .. 313 •.
;
326.
24000 34300 303 306' 312 315 323 338 350 360 .369.·· ... 384
26000 37100 355 359 ·355 •. 369 378 . 394 .. 407 418 ··428 445
28000 40000 411 415 .422 .. 426 .. . :·435 ·. 454.· 468 481 492 ' 511
30000 428.50. 472 476 484 488. 499 '518 534
32000 45700 548 560 : 581
537 541 549. . 554 566 567 604 620 633 . .. I·ass···
·.. For this pipe size: v = 0.00182 x gpm; h, = 5.116 x 10 • x gpm'.
For velocity data see page 3-26. . . . .

Note: No allo~ance .has been made tor age, difference i~ diarriet~r. or any abnor~at conditlon of interi~r
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated . .from the local conditions and the requirements of each
partiCular installation. It is recommended that for most .commercial de$ign purposes a safety. factor
20% be added to the. values in the tables-see page 3-5. · · . ·
15 to of

3-70
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Li,uids (Continued)
· ·. (Based on Darcy's Foruula) .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1t100 Feet of Pipe.
16 Inch (15.000" inside dia) Sch 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosit -centistokes

Flow

US Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I ss.o I 108.4 I 162.3 I 21 s.s I 32s I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSU viscosity

per hr(42 ~--.----.....-----,.--------,.--------.-+-----ir------,...------,.----.----

I
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

400 571 .28 .29 .21 .32 ' .54 .81 1.08 1.61 •' 2.21 . 3.23
500 714 .40 .43 .47 .41 .68 1.01 1.34 2.05 2.73 4.10
600 857 .57 .58 .64 .50 .79 l.21 1.63 2.42 3.26 4.97
700 1000 .74 .76 .83 .94 .92 1.41 1.89 2.86. 3.78 5.59 ''
BOO 1140 .92 .99 , .04 1.18 ~ .05 1.68 2.15 3.23 4.30 6.46

900 1285 1.13 .1.20 1.21 1.44 1.1e 1.n 2.41 a.66 4.es 1.33
1000 1430 1.35 1.44' ,· 1.52 1.72 1.38 '~.02 2.70 4.04 5.46 8.20
1200 1715 1.85 1.96 2.08 2.35 2.75 2.36 3.15 4.84 6.51 9.68
1400 2000 2.41 2.56 2.81 3.05 ' 3.56 2.86 3.67 5:.65 7.56 11.4
.1600 '2285' 3.03 3.22 3.53 3.84 4.46 5.07 4.20
.. . . .6.71 8.61 12.9

1800 2570 3.72 3.94 4.32 4.10 s.45 a.1e 4.12 · 1.oe a.n 14.7
2000 2860 4.47 4.1a 5.11 · 5.63 6.s2 1.a8 s.s2 a.01 10.e 1e.1 ·
2200 3140 5.27 5.58 " 6.09 6.63 7.67 8.67 9.50 9.06 ' 11.5 17.9
2400 3430 6.14 6.49 7.08 7. 71 8.90 10.0 11.0 9.44 12.6 19.4
2600 3710 7.06 ' 7.46 8.13 8.86' 1,0.2 11.5 12.6 '10.4' 13.8 • 21.1
2800 4000 B.04 8.49 9.24 10.1 11.s 1a:o 14.3 ~1.4 14.7 · 22.6
3000 4285 9.08 9.58 10.4 11.4 13.1 14.7 16.0 12.4 15.7 24.3
3500 5000 11.9 12.6 13.6 15.3 17.0 19.1 20.8 23.6 18.9 29.2
4000 ' 5715 15.3 15.9 17.2 ' 19.3 21.4 24.0 ' 26.1 29.5 22.1. 32.2
4500 6430 19.0 '19.5 21.1 23.7 26.3 29.4 31.9 36.0 39.5 35.4

5000 7145 23.1 23.5 25.4 28.4 31.6 35.2 38.2 43.1 47.2 41.0
6000 8570 32.2 32.5 35.0 39.0 43.3 48.2 52.2 58.7 64.2 49.7
7000 10000 42.5 .· 43.0 46.0 51.1 ' 56.7 ' 63.0 68.1 76.4 83.3 94.5
8000 11400 54.0 .55.0 58.3 64.6 71.7 79.4 ' 85.7 96.0 105 118
9000 12850 66.7 68;4 71.8 '79.5 91.2 97.5 105 118 128 144

10000 14300 80.7 83.2 86.6 95.7 110 1117 126 141 153 172
12000 17150 112 117 120 132 151 ' 161 173 193 209 235
14000 20000 148 155 158 174 197 1211 227 252. 273 306
16000 22850 189 197 201 220 250 267 287 318 343 ,384
18000' 25700 235 244 249 272 306 329 352 . 390 421 470
-~-+~--+-~~4----1-~~-1-~--1--~-++-~-+----+--~-+-~--+-~~

20000 28600 285 296 301 ' 329 371 396 . 424 469 506 564
22000 31400 340 352 358 390 439 486 ' 502 554. 597 664
24000 34300 399 413 420 .456 512 566 585 645 694 772
26000 37100 462 478. 487 527 ' 591 652. 674 742 798 886
28000 40000 530 548 559 ' 602 674 743 768 846 909
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-26 ..
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference .in diar~eter, or any abnormal conditii:m of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loc I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme1cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-71
 I ~ .lngersoll·l)resser Pum11s Cameron. Hydraulic Da.ta
·Friction ··Loss for. Viscous. Liqu,id$·. (Con.tinued).
. (Based on Darcy's Formula) .

Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1QOO Feet of Pipe .

1s 1nch (16.876" inside . di a) Sch 40· New Steel· Pipe
.' . . ..

Kinem.atic viscosity-centistokes
Flow

us Bbl
0.6 l 1.13
I 2.1
I 2.7
I . 4.3
I 7.4 . ,. 10.3 I 13.1 1 15.7
I 20.6
gal per Aµprox ·:SSU vrscoSity
per hr(42
min gal) 31.5 .. 33 35 . 40 ... so·:. 60 70 ··.· 80 100
.
800 .1140 .24 . .26.· .29 .31 .33 :38 . .42 ., .44 .45 .49
1000 1430· .36 .39 .44 .46 .49 .56 .61 .65. .66 ;72
1200 17.15 . .50 .55.
•.
:61 . .64 .66 ..77 .84 . .90. .93 ..
,9a .
1400 . 2000 .64 ·..73 .81 .85 .. 90 1.02 1.11 1.18 1.23 1.28.
1600 2285. .83 .93 1.03 .1.08 1.14 L29 1.40 . 1.49 1.56 1.62
.
1800. 2570 .. 1.04 1.16 1.28 1.34 1.41 1.72
2000 . 2860 1.59c f. 1.83 1.92 .. 1.99
1.27 1.37 .1.55 1.56 L71 1.92 . 2.08
2200 2.20. . 2.31 2.39
3140 . 1.53 . 1.63 . 1.79. ·· 1.86 .. 2.03
"
2.28 . 2.46 2.61.
2400 3430 1.8Q . ;1.93 .. 2.JO 2.73 ·. 2.85
2.19 2.38 2.66 . 2.87 3.04
2600 3710 2.10 3.18 .• . ·. 3.34
2.24. .2.43 2.53 2.75 a.08·, 3.31 .. 3.51 ... 3 ..67 3.88
·.
2800 4000 2.43 2.58 2.79 2.91 ·. 3.15.
'.
.3.51 .. 3:18 .·4.00 4.18 4.45
3000 4285 2.77 2,94 3~ 18 3.30 3.58 3.98 4.28
3500 ·. 4.52. 4.73 .. 5.05
5000 3.74 3.94 '.
4.24 . . 4'.39 4.74 5.26 . 5.64 . 5.96
4000· . 4.84 . 6.21 6.64
5715 5.08 5.45 .. 5.64 6.06 6.70. 7..11.
4500 7.56 7.88 8.41
6430 6.09 6.37. 6.80 7.03 7.54 .8.30 . 8.87 9.34 . ··.·. 9.73 10.4
5000. . 7145 . 7.48 7.80 8.30 a.56 9.16 10.1
. 5500 10.7 11:3 . 11.8. 12.5 .
7855 9.01 9.37 9.94 10.2 10.9 12.0 . . 12.8. .. 13.4
6000 8570 13.9 14.8 .
10.7 1.1. 1 .. 11.7 12.1 12.9 14.1 1.5.0
6500 9280
.15.7 16.3 . 17.3 ·.·
12.5. 12.9 13.7 14.0 14.9 ... 16.3 . 17.3 20.0 •..
7000 10000 16.1 ·. 18.B ·
14.4 14.9 . .. 15.7 16.2 . 17.1 19.'B ·
18.7. ·.• 20.~ 21.5 22.8
. .
. 8000 .n400· 18.B 19.. 4 20.3 . ·.20.8 . 22.0 23.9 25.3 .26.4 27.4 . . 29.0
9000 12850 23.7. 24.3 25.4 26.0 . 27.5 29.7 31.4
10000 32.8 . 33.9. 35.9
14300 29.1 ' ... 29.9 3.1.2 31.9 . 33.5 36.1. ..·. 38.1.
12000 17150 •· 39.. 7 41 .. , . ·.. -43.4.
.41.7 42.7 . .44.3 45.2 47.3 50.7 ··53;3.
14000 55.5 57.3 . 60.4 .
20000 56.6. 57.7 .59.7 60.8 63.3 67.6 ,70.9 ·73,7. ·.· 76.1 ·so.o ··
'•
16000 22850· 73.7 .75.1.·. 77.3 78.6 '.81.8 ·. 86.9 ·... 90.9 94.4. 97-.2 .. 102
18000 25700 93.1 94.6 97.3 98.8. 102 · 10s. 113 .· .. 117 . 121 127.
20000 28600 115 116 119 . 121 125 132.'
. 22000 31400 138 143 .· 147 154
139 141 · 144 146 ·151 159 165
24000 ··.34300 167. 171 175 183
165 I 171 ·. 1r3 '178. 187. 194 201 206 2~5
26000 . 37100 193 195, 200 202 208 .
28000 40000 224
218 '. ..226 233 239 .249
.226 231 233 ·240. 251 260 ··275
30000 42850 268 286
257 . 259 264 267. 274. 286 ·296
34000 48600 329 305 312 325
332 338 341 350. 364< .. 376
38000 54300 441
386 395 410
414 421 424 434 451 465. . 477. 487 505 .
For.this pipe _size: v 0.001434.x gpm: h, = 3.193 x 10 • x gpm1•
. .· .. ·
· For velocity data see page 3:-27.

· Note: No allowan~e has, been made for age. difference in diameter, or any .ab~or~al condition of interior
surf~ce. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the. local co.nditions and the requirements of each -
particular installation. It is recommended that for most cbmf"lle.rcial design purposes :1 safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables~see page 3-5. . · ·

3-72 '
.-
.•• '\
Friction

••.
Friction Loss for Viscous Lihuids (Continued)
· (Baaed on Darcy's Fo~mula)

'; Loss In Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe

···1
••••••
18 Inch (16.876" inside dia) Sci • 40 New Steel Pipe

•.•. Flow
I I I
Kinematic viscosi;tY:.....centistokes

I 1os.4 li I 216.5 I I
.
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.0 162.3 1 325 435 650
")• us Bbl i
gal per Approx SSlflI viscosity
)
per hr(42
, .. , min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 10 1500 2000 3000
·: ;
BOO 1140. .53 .55 .60 .68 .67 • 1.01 1.35 2.02 2.74 4.05
1.67 ·. ··2-51 3.38

I
1000 1430 .78 .83 .87 .99 •..86 ·1.21 5.02
1200 1715 1.06 1.13 1.20 1.35 1.58 ·1.50'. "2.:09 "·"3.04 4.03 5.99
' 2.05
1400 2000 1.38 1.47 1.56 1.75 1.78 2.3B 1.'·· 3.52 4.75 7.13
... . . ::~b-4fo5
1600 2285 1.74 1.84. 2.03 2.20 2.57 :2.07. 2.66· . ..
~
5.iCO 8.10

'2.95' J;t~:\4::1.1
i
1800 2570 2.13 2.26 2.48 2.69 3.13. l 3.56 8.04 9;07
. 2000 2860 2.55 2.71 . 2.97 3.23 3.75 i
. 4.25 3.42·: }~:;~~ e;n. . 10.0
2200 3140 3.01 3.19 3.49 3.80 4.40 4.99 ;. . 3:n:. sj·'f"$~ _7,;41 . :n~2
1.i:~;·~~~
2400 3430 3.51 3.71 4.06 4.42 5.11 ' 5.77 6.33 8.38 .· '12.1
2600 3710 ' 4.03 4.26 4.65 5.07 5.86 ' 6.61 7.24 . 8.94 ,.·13.1
..

!r1r;:~
2800 4000 4.59 .. 4.85 5.29 5.76 .6.65 i.50 8.20 9.51 i<.·i;.&'.1
3000 4285 5.18 5.47 5.96 6.49 7.48 . 8.43 9.21 .1·Cl1 ··:·1s.2
3500 ·sooo 6.79 7.16 7.78 8.49 9.75 11.0 . 12.0 ·' 8.91 11.tf 17.8
4000 5715 8.60 9.05 9.82 11. 1 . 12.3 13.8 • 15.0 17.0 13.7 . 19.4,
4500 6430 10.7 11., . 12.1 .. 13.5 15.0 16.8 18.3 20.7 .1s.s .22.7
5000 7145 13.0 13.4 .• 14.5 ' 16.3 18.1 20.2 21.9 24.8. 27.2 26.0 .
5500 7855 15.5 15.9 17.1 19.2 21.3 23.8 25.8 29.1 31.9 . 27;6
6000 8570 18.2 18.5 ·20.0 22.3 24.8 27.6 . 29.9 33.7 36.9 30;9
6500 9280 21.1 21.3 . 23.0 25.6 28.5 . 31.7 34.9 38.7 42.3 32.4
7000 10000 24.1 24.3" 26.2 29.2 32.4 36.0 . 39.0 43.9 . 47.9. 35.6

8000 11400 30.6 31.0 . 33.1 36.9 40.9 45.4 ' 49.1 55.1 . 60.1 68.1
9000 12850 37.8" 38.6 40.8 45.3 50.3 55) 60.2 67.4 73.4 83.0
10000 14300 45.7 46.9 49.2 .54.5 60.5 66.9 72.2 80.7 87.8 99.2
12000 17150 63.4 65.7 68.1 . 75.2 86.0. 92.0 99.1 . 110 120 135
14000 ~0000 83.8 87.3 89.7 98.8 113 121 130 144 156' 176

16000 22850 107 111 114 125 142 .152 164 182 197 220
18000 25700 132 138 141 154 175 187 201 223 241 270
20000 28600 160 167 170 186 211 226 242 268 289 323
22000 31400 191 198 202 221 250 267. 286 316 341 381
24000 34300 224 232 237 258 291 312 333 368 397 442

26000 37100 259 269 274 298 336 372 384 424 456 508
28000 40000 297 ·.
308 315 341 383 .423 438 482 519 577
30000 42850 338 350 358 386 433 478. 494 544 585 650
34000 48600 426 440 451 484 541 596 617 678 729 808
38000 54300 523 540 554 592 660 726 752 825 886 980
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-27.
. .

Note: No allowance has been made tor age! difference in di~meter, or any abnormal eoridition of interior
·surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular inr;tallation. It is recommended that for most comm rcial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be addud to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · ·

3-73
 . . . . ' .. ·.· .

I ;) .lngersoll·Dresser Pul11ps ·. ·. Callleron Hydraulic Data

·,· ... ' ..

•:-·~-~--F-riction. Loss for V·iscous .LiquidsJCon~tinuedJ-. ·

. · . . ·. · . . · • (Based on Darcy's Formula) · .. · ·•. ·...
Loss in· Feet of Liquid per 1000 . Feet of Pipe<
·.20 lnch(18.812" insidedia) Sch40 New Steel Pipe··

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
·Flow · . ..I
us Bbl
0.6 l . 1.13 1
. 2.1
I 2.7 4.3 I 7.4
I '10.3 I 13.1 l f5:7 I 20.6

gal.• per Approx·SSU viscosity ..

per hr(42 ..
min· .gal) 31.5 33 35 40 50 60 70 60 100
;

2000 2860 .7.4 .83 .91 .96 1.01 . 1.14 1.24. 1.31 .l.38 1.43
. 3000. .4285· 1.60: 1.71 1.86 1..94 2.11. 2.36· 2.54 2.69 2.81 2.98
4000. 5715. 2.79 • 2.95 ; 3.18 3.30 3.57·· 3.9~ 4.25 .. 4.49 .. ' 4.68. 5.00 ·.·
5000 7145 . 4.30 4.52' . 4.84. 5.00 5.38 5.94 6.35 6.69 6.97 7.43
6000 . 8670 6.14 6.41 5;s2 ··· . . 7:04 . 7.53 .· 8.28 ·.8.83 . 9.28
.. 9.66 10.3
..
7000 10000 .. 8.29 . 8.62 . 9.13 9.41 . 10.0 11.0·.·· 11.7 . . .12.3 12.7. ·. 13.s·
.. ...
8000 11400 ~0.8 11.2 11 ..8 12.1 12.9 14.0 .. ..14.9 . 15.6 . .· 16.2 17.2
9000 12850 13;6. . 14.0.· . 14.7 ·.· 15.1 . . 16.0 17.4 . 18.5 19:3 ·. . 20;0 21.2
100d0 14300 .16.7 17.2 .. 18.0 18.5. ·.· 19.5 21.2. . 22.4. 23.4 24.3 25.7
.11000 .15700' .. 20.1 29.1 21.7 22:2 23.4 ' ·2s.s .26.7 27.9 .. .. 28.9 30.5
..
12000 .17150 23.9 24.5 .•. 25.6 . 26~2 ·.· . '.27.5 29.7 31:3 ·. 32.7 33.8 35,7 ..
. 13000 18600 28.0 28.7. •·29.9. 30.5 32.0 .•. .· .34.4 ·.· 35,3 37;8 .. 39.1 · . ·. 41.3
14000. 2000() 32.4 33.2
·.·
·.. 34.4 . 35:2. 36.9. . 39.5. 4L6 . 43.4. 44.8 ' .' 47.2.'.
15000 21400 37.1 37.9. .. 39.3 •. 40.1. ·42.0·. 45.0 . 47.3. .. 49.2' :.so.a .· 53.5 .
16000 ·22eso 42.1 43.1 44.6 ·.• ···45.4 . 47.5 .. 50.7 53.3 55A· . 57.2 ' .60.2
' -
18000 25100 53.2 . 54.2 . ·.. 56.0. 57.0 59.'4. 63;3 66.3 .. .68.9 . 71.0 74.6
65.5 66.7• -50.1 . 69.9 72.6.- ··. 77.2 ' 80;7 · ··83.7 .• 86.2 . 90.4
20000 28600
·22000 31400 79.1 80.5. 82.7 . 84.0 .
..
87.2 92.3 96.4 .. 99. 9 103 ••. 108 . .
24000' . 34300 94.0 .9s.5 98.0 99.5 103· 109 113 117 121 •. 126
26000 . 37100. 110 112 J15. 116 \ . -120 . 127 132 136. ···140 146
..
28000 40000 128 129 132 134. · 139 .146 .152 . '157 'J6l ·. '168
30000 42850 146 148 152 '154 158' .. . 166. 173 178 •, . 183 ·. 191
32000 45700' ,166.. 169 172 . 174 179 ·. 188 .. 195 . .· ·. 201- .. .. 206 215
34000 48600 188 .190 f94 - . 19(f. ·202 ·211· 219 225 231 .240
..
36000 51400 210 213 . 217 . 219· : 225 .. • 235 244 . . 251 .. 267
257 •··
38000 54300 234 237 241. 244 '250. 261 270. '278 ·.·284 295:·
40000 ·57150 259 262. '267. 269' .· 27f;i .. 288 .298 .. 306' 313 . 325
42000 . . 60000. 286 289. 294 .. 296 304 316 326 335 .343 .. .· 356=
44000 . 62900 313 '316 322. 325 332 346 357 366 374 . • 389.
46000 65700 .342 -. 346 351 . 354 . . 362 376 ·. 388 398 407 422.
·. .. ...409 .
..
. 432
48000 . 68600 373 376 382. 385 394 4,21 441 ·· 457
50000 71450 . 404 .408 414 417: 426 ·. 442 455 467 1
417 493
55000 78600 489 . 493 499 503 513 531 546 $59. ·. 571 .590
60000. 86100 ·•·s01 586 . 593 597 .609 628 645 ··s6o 673 ... 695
65000 ·92850 682 . 686 .695 699 112 734. ·152 . . 769 783 808 ..

· . For this pipe size: v = 0.. 001.154 x gpm: h, = 2.068 x .rn • x gpm 2 • · •.
For velocity data see page 3-27, · · ·· ·· ·
Note: No allow~nce
has be~nmade
for age. difference ih diameter. any abnormal interio; or c~Adition' ~f
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the .local conditions. anc!. the req1.1irements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes e. safety factor of 15 fo
20% be added to the values in the tables~see page 3-5. · · · · · ·. · · · · ·

I 3-74
 •.

Friction·

--~Friction Loss for Viscous Liql1ids (Continued)

(Based on Darcy's Formola)
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 10110 Feet of Pipe
20 Inch (18.812;, inside dia) Sch ' O New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity--centistokes
Flow

US Bbl
2s.4 32.0 I
43.2 ss.o l
·1oa.4 11 2.3 I
216.5 325 435 I650 I I I I
.gal per Approx SSU viscosity
per hr(42 i.---....----.----.----.----..-1---...,.--__,.----.----.--
min · gal) 125 150 200 300 . 500 t5o 1000 1500 2000 3000
1000 1430 .47 .48 .52 .59 .53 .85 1.08 1.62 2.16 3.25
1.53 1.78
!~2:~~
2000 2860 1.62 1.93 2.25 2.11 3.38 4.39 6.50
3000 4285 3.09 3.27 3.57 3.88 4,48 . 5.54 4.76 8.34. 9.75
4000 5715 5.11 5.40 5.86 6.39 7.34 .25 9.00 10.2 9.02 13.5
5000 7145 7;66 7.98 .. 8.65 9.72 10.B 12.1 13.1 14.9 11.1. 16.3.
,
6000. 8670 10.7 11.0 11.9 13.3 14.8 116.5 17.9 20.3 22.2 19.0
7000 10000 14.3 14.4 15.6 17.4 19.3. ~1.6 23.4 26.3 28.8 23.0.
aooo·· 11400 18.2 18.3 19.7 ·. 22.0 ·.· 24.4' a1.1 29.4 33.0 36.1 41.0
9000 12850 22.4 22.7 24.3 . 27.0 . 30.0 ~.3 36.0. 40.4 44.0 49.9
10000 14300 . 27.1 27.6 29.3 32.5 36.1 · ,o.o . 43.2. '48.4 52.7 59.6

11000 15700 32.1 33.0 34.7 38.4 42.6 50.9 56.9 62.0 70.0 .
12000 17150 37.5 38.7 40.5 . 44.8 51.4 59.2 66.1 71.9 81.1.
13000 18600 43.4 .44.9 '45,5·. 51.6 .. 59.1 68.0 75.9. 82.4 . I 92.9
14000 20000 49.6 .· 51.5 53.2 58.8. 67.2 . 77.4 86.3 93.6. 105 .
15000 '21400 56.2 58.5 60.2 . 66.4 ., 75.8 B7.3 97.2 105. i 118

16000 22850 63.1 . 65.8 67.6 . 74.4. 64.9 ! 0.8 97.6 109 118 .. 132
18000 25700 78.1 81.4 83.5 91.7 104 1 2 120 133 144 162
20000 28600 94.6 98.5 101 111 126 1: 4 . 144 160 173 194.
22000 31400· 113 117 120 131 149 1~9 170 ~89 204 228
24000 34300 132 137 140 . 153 173 11 5 . 199 220 237 265

26000 37100 153 159 162 177 200 2'4 . 229 253 273 304
28000 40000 175 182 186 202 ··228 2' 2 ·. 261 288 310 345
30000 42850 199 206 211 229 257 2f 5 294 325 350. 389
32000 45700 224 232 238 . 257 288 3 9 330 364 391 435
34000 48600 250 .259 266 286 321 3! 5 367 404 . 435 483

36000 51400 278 288 295 317 356 3!3 406 447 480 533
38000 54300 307 318 327 350 392 4:2 447 492 528 586
40000 57150 338 349 359 384 429 473 489 538 578 640
42000 60000 369 382 393 419 469 56 534 586 629 697.
44000 62900 403 416 428 456 509 51 0 580 636 683 756

46000 65700 437 452 465 494 551 Ei1·16 627 688 738 817
48000 68600 473 489 503 . 534 595 6'14. 677 742 796 879
50000 71450 511 527 543 575 640 7113. 728 798 855 944
55000 78600 610 629 647 684 760 8$3 893 944
60000 86700 718 736 760 802 889 9 3

Figures In shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow ..

For velocity data see page 3-27.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in. diarm ter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any fac~or of safety must .be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular install :ition. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. ·

\I

i
.!
ii

l
!~
"

·-·3:75-.--;
. 'A:
 . ' . . ' . ·: ... ' '

. . ·. ·. ' ' . ' . . .. . . . '

·1~ lnge~soH·Dresser Pumps <CC!-meroh Hydraulic Data

Friction Loss for 'Vis·cou·s: L·iquicls: (Gontinued) ··
(Based on Darcy's Formula) ·
··.Loss.in ·Feet of Liquid per'-1000 Feet of Pipe
24 Inch (22.624"inside.dia)
. '
Sch
.. .
40.,New
. .
Steel
.
Pipe
. - . .

·Kinematic viscosity:.....;.centistokes
.·Flow
0.6
I 1.13 . I 2~ 1
"
1. 2.7 I 4.3.
1-
7.4
I 10.3
I 13.1
I 15.7
I 20.6.
us Bbl
gal per Approit SSU viscosity
per . hr (42· ,.
min gal)·. 31.5. 33 35 40 . 50 60 70 80 100
.,, ·.

·2000 2860 ;31 :34 " .37 ..39. .41 .··A7· .51 ,55 .57 . " .59.'
3000 4285 .63 .71 .78 .82 .86 . ;97· . r.05·· . J.11 1.17 1.21 .
4000. 571.5 1.10 1.18 1.28 1~34 . 1.45. ·. 1.62. 1.75 · 1:85. 1.94 2.07 .·.
sooo·. 1145 1.70 1.79 1.94 2.0.2 "
2.18 "
.2.43 · 2.61 • 2.76 2.88 . 3.07
6000· 8670 . 2.41 . 2.54 2.73 2.83. 3.05 3.38 .:. 3.62 3.82· 3.98 4.25···

7000 1000(.j 3.24 3.41 3.65 .3.77 4.06 4.47 . 4.78 5.03 5.24· 5.58 ..
8000 11400 4.21: 4.40 4.69 .4.85 .. · 5.19 S.71 ·· 6.09 6.40 . 6;66 1.os·
9000 .. 12850 " 5.29 5,52 .. 5.86 6.04 .. 6.46 ·. 7.08 7.54 : ' 7~92 . . 8.23 .• '• 8.74;.
10000 .. 14300 6.50 . .· · 6.76 7.16 . 7.37 .• 7.85 .. ·.·.. 8:59 9.·13 9:58 .. 9.95 10.6 .
12000 . 17150 ' 9.29 9.62 .10.1 10.4 11.0 . .· 12.0 '• · .. 12.7 13.3 13.8 14.6
...

14000 • 20000 . 12.6 '· 13.0 .13.6 13.9 .14.7 16.0 26.9 17.7 · • 1a:3 19.3
16000 ·. :, 22850 . 16.3 •' '·, 16.8. .. 17.6 18.0. 18.9 . 20;4 .. •. 21.6 22.5 .. 23.3 " . 24.6 .··.·
18000 . •, 25700 . 20.6 ', ·. 21~2 . ·22.0 22.5 23.7 . 25.5 ,· •' 26.8. 28.0 28.9 ,3o.5·
20000 28600 25.4. 26.0 ., 27.0. 27.6 ·28.9 . 31.0' 32.6 33.9 35.0 . 36.9•
22000 ·:. 31400 3o.6. :s1 ;3 . 32.5 33.1 34.6 37 .0 38.9 . . . . 40.4 41.7. 43.9 .
---+---'-'-!--...,.,. ---"'-1----+'----t----i-----i-----i--.........--i-----i-----r--~...
24000 . 34300. . 36.4.. - 37.1 38.4 . 39~1 40.8 43.6 45.7 .• 47.5 . 49.0 51.4'
20000 . 31100 42.6 · 43.5 44.9 45.7 47.6 .. 50.6 ·. 53,o 55.o ·• 56.7 59.5
28000 .40000 49.3 . 50.3 51:8 \ 52. 7 54~.8 ·. . 58.2 60 9 63.1 . .·. 65.0 68;2
soooo 42850 56.6 .57.6 .· •. 59.2 60.2 52;5 66.3 69:2 71.8 73.9 nA
32000 45700. · 64.3 •. .65.4 .. · 67.2 · 68.2 · 10.1 .74.9 15:.1 ·..80.9 83.2 · a1.1 ·.·

34000 ·48600. 12.5>. 73.6 .75.6 .76.7. 19.5 84.o; .01:5 90.6 93.1 91.4
36000 51400 .. 81.2 82.4 84;5 . 85. 7 . 88. 7 93.6 . 97 .4 .· . 101 104 108
38000 . .·54300 .· 9b.4 · 91.7 93~9 · 95.2 · 98.4. 104 ·.100·. 111 ·. 114 120
40000 .57150 . 100 Hl10 104 105 ·109. 114' .•119 ·.· . . 123. · 126 131
42000 60000 HO. 112 · .114 1.16 · 119 125 J30 ·· 134- 138 144 ·
.. ..

. 44000 ·. 62900 ·.121 122· 125 127 1:31 '131. 142 147. 150 157'
46000 65700 132 . 134 . 137 13.8 142 . 149 155- 159 163 170 .. ··.·
48000. ·. 68600 :,144 . 145 ·. : 148 150 154 162 168 173 177 184
50000 . 71450 156 ·.. .158. .161 163 . 167. ·. 115 .101 ·. 1a6 191 199 : '
. 55000 . .78600 ,188 190 ·... 194 196 . 201 -. 210 . 217> 223 228. 237. ·.

60000 85710 .224 226 . 230 . 232 238. 248 . 256: . 263 269 279
·a5000 , 92800 '263 . 265' 269 272. 278 289 298 . 306 313 324 .
. 10000 100000 304 307.. 312 314 321 . 333 343 352 359 372.
80000 114290. 397 400. 406 409 417 . 431 443 . 454 403 478 :·
90000 128570 502 506 512· 515 525. 541 555· 568 579 5~7

.. for this pipe size: v = 7.98 x 10~· x gpm: h, = 9.886 x 10-" x gpmi ..·
.. · For velocity data see pag.e 3-28, ·. . · · ·
Note: No allowan~e has been m~de for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition of int~rior ·
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated froin the local conditions and -the requirements of each · ·
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerc::ii'll design purposes r:i safety factor ..of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-.5. · ·. · · · :. ·

,.
I 3-76
.
...
·.J~ .
::..:.".:- ,-
 Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)
(Baaed on Darcy's For ula) .
· Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 Fe.et of Pipe
24 Inch (22.624,, inside dia) Sch\ 40 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosi y-centistokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4
I 32.0 I 43.2 I 65.0 I 108.4 I 162.3 I 21s.s I 325 I 435 I 650

gal per Approx SSl viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

·2000 2860 .64 .68 .72 .81 .95 ;79. 1.03 1.58 2.10 3.13

E
.3000 4285 1.29 1.36 1.49 1.62 1.88 2.13 1.59 2.33 3.15 4.65
4000 '5715 2.12 2.25 2:45 2.67 .3.07 3.46 3.79 .. 3.18 4.14 6.25
5000 7145 3.14 3.31 3.60 4.06 4.51 5.06 5.52· 6.28 5.25 7.64
6000 8670 4.38 4.56 4.95 5.56 6.18 6.91 7.52 8.52 8.37 9.31 .

7000 10000 ·5.82 5.98 6.48 7.26 8.07 .. 9.01 . 9.79 11.1 . 12.1 11.0
8000 11400- 7.45 7.57 8.18 . 9.15 . 10.1 11.3' 12.3 13.9 15.2 12.7.
9000 12850 9.24 9.33 10.1 11.2 12.5 13.9 15.1 16.9 18.5. 14.3
10000 14300 11.2 . 11.3 12.1 13.5 15.0 16.7 18.0 20.3. 22.1 25.1
12000 17150 15.5 15.8 16.7 18.6 20.6 22.9. 24.7 27.7 30.2 34.1
14000 . 20000 20.4 21.0 22.0 24.4 .27.0 . 29.9 32.3 36.1· 39.2. ·44.3
16000 22850 25.9 26.9 •. 27.9' 30.8 35.3 37.8 40.7 45.4' 49.3 . 55.5
18000 . 25700 32.0 33.4 34.4 37.9 43.4 46.4 49.9. 55.6 60.3 67.8
20000 28600 38.7. 40.4 41.5. 45.7 52.2 55.8 60.0. 66.7 ·72.3 81.1
. 22000 31400 46.0 48.0 49.2 54.2 61.6 66.0 70.9 78.7 85.2 95.5

24000 34300 . 53.9 56.1 57.5 .·63.2 71.8 76.9 82.5 91.6 99.0 111
26000 37100 62.3. 64.9 66.4. 72.9 82:7 88.5 94.9 105 114 127
28000 .40000 . 71.3 74.2 75.9 83.2 94.2 01 108 . 120 129 144
··aoooo 42850 ·. 80.9 '84.1 85.9 94.1. 106 14 122 135 146 163
32000 45700 91.0 ·94,5 96.8 106 119 28 137 151 163. 182

34000 . 48600. 102 106 108 118 133 47 152 168 181 202.
36000 51400 113 117 120 ' 130. 147. 163 168 186· 200 223
38000
40000
54300
57150
125 129
142
133
146
144
.158
. 162
177
179
196
185
203
204
223
220
240
244.
267
137.
42000, 60000 150 155 160 172 193' .
:l14 221 243 262 291
'
44000' 62900 163 169 175 187 210 >32 240 264 284 315
46000 . 65700 177 183 189 203 227 >51 ,259·· 286 307 340
48000· 68600 191 198 205 219 245 >70 280 308 331 363
50000 71450 206 214 221 236 264 '!91 301 331 355.' 393
55000 78600 246 255 264 280 313 .. !'44 356 391 420 464

60000 85710 289 299 310 328 365 01 416 456 489 540.
65000 92860 336 347 359 379 .. 422 63 480 525 563 621
70000 100000 385 397 412 433 482 ;28 .566 599 641 707
80000 114290 4.94 509 527 553 . 613 170. 717 759 812 894
90000 128570 616 634 656 685 758 ~27 885 936 999
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-28. ··
Note: No allowance has been made tor age,· difference in diarr etet, or any abnormal condition of Interior
sur1ace. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loca conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commerc i~I design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

····- 3-77
·I ";). lngersoll·D...,sser Pulllps •.. Cameroil Hydraulic Data
···---~--Fristion-Loss for Viscous Liquids(Continued). - .....
· · (Based on·oarcy's Formula) · . · · ·. ·

Loss in Feet of Liquid· per 1000 ·Feet of· Pipe ._

30 Inch (28.750" inside di_a) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes ·
. Flow

us Bbl
0.6 I 1.13.
I
2.1 I 2.7 I 4.3 ·1 1.4 · 1 .10:3. I 13.1 I 15.7 l ..
20.6

gal per Apptox ·SSU vtscostty "'

per hr (42 .,.

min gal)· 31.5 33. 35
1.· .··40···· .· 50- 60. 70 . '. .. 80 100
..
3200 4570 .23 .25 .27 ..29 .30 .34 .37 .40 .42 A3
3400 4860 ·•25 . ·.. 28 ,31 .32 .34 .38 .42 :.44 .46 .48
3600 5140 ·-.28 .3f ,34. .36 .38 '•.43 .46 .49 .51 .53
. 3800 5425 .31 .34 .38 .39 .42 -.47 ,51 .. 54 .56 .59
4000 ··5715 .33 .37 .41 .43 .56 .51 .55 .59 .62 .64
... .77
5000 ·. 71.45. .51 .57 .,62 .65 .68 ~83. ·• .·:a1 ..91 ...97
. 6000 .·.·8570 .72 .77 ... 86 .68 ..95 1.06 .1.14 .•. 1.21 1.26 1.35 .
.7000 10000 .97 1.03 . 1.12 1.16. 1.26. 1.40 J.51 .· ·. 1;59. .. 1.66 l.77
8000 1140.0 1.25 1.33 1.43 . . 1.49 1.61 1.79 .. 1.91.' 2.02 2.11 ..• 2;25
9000 12850 -1.57 1.66 .. 1.79 1.85· 2.00 ·· .. 2.21 .·.. ~.37. ·'2.49 2.60 2'.77

10000. 14300 1.92 2.03. 2.18 ·. 2.25 . 2.43 2.68 2.86. . a:o1 . _3.14 . 3.34
·.
12000 · 17150 2.74. 2.87. : 3.07 3.17 . .3.40 .· 3.73 . 3.98 4:19. 4.35. 4.63
14000 20000 .· 3:70 3.85· '.4.11.. 4.23 4.52 . 4.95.· 5.27, ·. . 5.53 . 5.74 .. , 6.10 .
16000 22850 4.80 5.00 5.29 .. 5.44 5.80. . 6_.33 . . 6.72. '7.04 7.31 7;75
18000· • 25700 6.05 6.27. 6.62 ·. 6.8Q ·.·1.22 7.86 8.33 8.72 '..· .9.05 ·.. 9.57 ..
..
. 20000 ·. 28600 . • . 7.44 ].69 8.09 8:31 . . a.so· '9.55 . 10.1 .•.10.6.· . . 11.0 . 11.6 ..
22000 31400 . 8_.97' 9.25 9.71• 9.95 10.s. 11.4. . 12.0 12.6 13.0 13:8 ,:
. 24000 34300' 10.6 11.0 . 11.5 11.8 . ·. 12.4 13.4 .. 14.1· 14.8 ·15.3 16.1
26000 37100 ·12.s ·. ~2.8 . 13.4 13.7 .. 14.4 15.5 ..16.4 11.1 17..7 . 18.6 . .
28000. 40000 14.4 14.8' 15.4 '15.8. . . 16.6 ·.· 11.0. .•
18.8. 19.6. 20.2 21.3: .
.·
. 30000 42850 16.5 16.9 . 1i6 18.0 . 18.9 20.3 .. 21.3 ,' .22.2 . ,22.9 •24.1
. 35000 50000· 22.4 22.9. 23.1. 24.2 25.3. 27.0 .··. 28.4·' 29.5 -30,4 . 32.0
40000 .·. 57150 29:1 29.. 7 30.7. 31.3 •. 32.6 .. . 34.7. 36.4 ·. . 37.8 38.9 . 40.8··
. 45000 •.. 62290 36.8: 37.5 38.6 .. · _39.3 .· 40.8 ~.3 45.3. . 47.0 ·._.48.3.··· ·. 50.7
50000 . 71450. 45.3:. 46.1 ·. 41A. . 48.2'..
.·.
50.0' 52.9 55.2 57.1 58.8. '.
61.5 ·•·.
55000 78570 s4.8 · 55.6 57.l 57.9 60.0 63.3 66.Q . 68.2.· . 70.1 73.3
60000 85710 65.1 .. 66.0. ·..67.7 68.6 ·. ··70.9· 74.7 77.7 ·.· 80.3. 82.4 86.0-
·55000· 92860. · ·76.3. . 77.3 .· .79.1 '80.2 s2,7 87.0 90.3'. 93.2 95.7 ·99.8'
70000 100000 88.4. 89.5 91.5 ..· 92.6. 95.4 .· 100 . 104 107. 110 114 ·.
·75000 107140 101 .103 105 106' 109 '•
114 · 11s 122 fas 130
..
80000 114290 I 115 117
. . . ·. 119 120. 124 ... 129 '134. 138 • 14.1 . 147
85000 121430 130 ·.. 131 134 135 139 145 150 154 158 . 164
90000" 128570 146 .147 150 151 155 162 .' 167. 172 17q 183 .
95000 135710 162 164 167 ..168. .·... ··172 180. 185 190 195 202
100000 142860 180. 181 184 · 1_86. 190 198 204 210 . 214 222 · ..

For this pipe size: v =.4,942 x 10 • x gpm; h, ~ 3. 791 x 10 " x gpm 2 ;

For velocity data see page 3-28. · ·
Note: No allowance has been made for age; difference· in diameter, or any abnormal condition ~f interio~ .·
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated f.rorn the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installatio.n; It is recommended that for most comme.rcial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to ·
20% be added to the values in the tables::_see page 3-5. · · ·

3-78
 Friction

Friction . Loss for Viscous Litu. ids (Continued)·

· . (Based on Darcy's For ula) · .
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 , 00 Feet of Pipe .
30 Inch (28.75011 inside dia) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Flow

US Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2 I ss.o I 1oe.4 I 162.a 1 21e.s I 325 I 435 I sso
gal per Approx SS~ viscosity
per hr (42 1------.,.--
min gal) 125 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 ·3000
3200 4570 .46 .49 .54 .58 .68 .17 .65 .94 1.28 1.79

E
3400 .4860 .51 .54 .60 ..65 .75 .86 .69 .98 1.36 2.02
3600 5140 .57 .60 .66 .72 .83 .94 .73 1.10 1.44 2.15
3800 5425 .62 .66 .72 .79 .91 1.03 .n 1.13 1.53 2.29
4000 5715 .68 .72 .79 .88 .99 1.12 .81 1;16 1.62 2.39

5000 . 7145 1.00 1.06 1.16 1.26 1.46 1.64 1.79 1.49 1.95 2.98
6000 8570 . 1.38 .1.46 1.59 1.73 1.99 2.24 2.44 1.83 2.43 . 3.65
7000 10000 1.81 1.91 2.08 2.34 2.60 . 2.91 3.17 3.60 2.76 4.14
8000 1.1400 2.32 2.42 2.62 2.94 3.27 3.66 3.98 4.50 3.24 4.64
9000 12850 2.89 2.97 3.22 3.61 4.01 4.46 4.86 5.49 6.02 .· 5.48.

10000 14300 3.51 3.58 3.87. 4.33 4.81 5.37 5.82 . 6.57 7.19 5.96
12000 17150 4.89 . 4.94 5.33. 5.95 6.61 7.35 7.96 8.95 9.78 7.30
14000 20000 6.44 6.54 .6.99. 7.79 8.65 9.60 10.4 11.7 12.7 "14.4.
16000 22850 8.17 8.37. 8.85 . 9.84 10.9 12.1 13.1 14.6 15.9 18.0
18000 25700 10.1 10.4 10.9 12.1 13.4 14.9 . 16.0 17.9 19.5 . 22.0
20000 28600 12.2 12.7 13.2 14.6 . 16.7 17.9 19.2 21.5 23,3 26.3
22000 31400 14.5 15.1 15.6 17.2 19.7 21.1 22.7 .25.3 27.5 30.9
24000 34300 16.9 . 17.7. 18.2 20.1 23.0 24.6 26.4 29.4 31.9 35.8
26000 37100 19.6 20.4 21.0 23.1 26.4. 28.3 30.4 33.8 36.6 41.1
28000 40000 22.4 23.3 24.0 26.4 30.1 32.2 34.6 38.4. 41.6 46.6

30000 42850 25.3 26.4" 27.1 29.8 34.0 36.4 39.0 . 43.3. 46.9 52.5
35000 50000 33.5 . 34.9 35.7 . 39.2 44.5 47.7 51.1 56.6 61.2 . 68.3
. 40000 57150 42.7 44.4 45.6 49.8 56.4 60.4 64.6 71.5 77.1 86.0
45000 62290 52.9 55.0 56.7 61.5 69.4 77.0 . 79.5 87.8 94.6 105
50000 . 71450 64.2 66.6 68.9 74.2 83.7 92.6 . 95.8 106 114 126
55000 78570 76.4 79.3 82.2 88.1 99.1 110 113 125 134 149
60000 85710 89.6 92.9 96.5 103 . 116 128 132 145 156 173 .
65000 , 92860 104 108 112 119 133 .147 152. 167 180 199
70000 100000 119 123 128 136 152 168 174 191 205 227
75000 107140 135 140 . 146 154 172 190 196 216 231 256
80000 114290 152 158 164 173 .. 193 213 220 242 259 286
85000 121430. 170 176 1"84 193 216 237 245 269 288 318
90000 128570 189 196 204 214 239 262 281 297 319 351
95000 135710 209 216 226 236 263 289 309 327 350 386
100000 142860 230 238 248 259 269 316 339 359 384 423
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page S.:28.
Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference In dia11neter, or any abnormal condition of interior .
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loclil conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comme cial -design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values In the tables-see page· 3-5.

··---············ ------
3-79
 . .. .. . . . . . ., ... · . . ·. .

·1~ lngersoll·Dresser Pumps . .. Cameron

. .
Hy~raulic Data
. :

Friction Loss for ViseouscLiquids-(Continued)·-:·- .· .

· ·· (Based on Darcy's Formula) · ·
·Loss· in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Fe,et of Pipe . .
. 36. Inch (~4.500"insi~e dia) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity:-centistokes ·

I 10.3.,
Flow

us .Bbl
0.6 I 1.13 I 2.1 I 2. 7 l 4.3 I 7.4 13.1 !
i 15.7 I 20.6

gal per ·Approx SSU ·viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 31.5 33.· . 35 40 50 60 ··. 70' BO 100 ..

600.0 8670 .29 .33 .36 .37 .39 .. 44 ;48 .51 .53 . .. 56
7000 10000 .39 .43 .47 .50 ~52 .58 .63 .66 ·.·.6e .. .. 74 ·.
8000 . ·. 11400 .. .50 .54 .60 .62 ·.66 ._74 .80 .84 .88 .94
9000 12850 . .63
..
.67 .73 .76 .82 .92 .98 .. 1.04 1.08 us
10000 14300 .77. .82 .89 .92 _1.00 1.11 1.19 1,25 . 1.31 1.40 .

12000 17150 1.09 1.15 . 1.25 1.29 . 1.39 1.54 . 1.65 . 1.74 1.81 •1,93.
14000 •. 20000 '1,47 1.55 1.66 1.72 1.85 .· 2.04 .2.18 . 2.29 .2.39 2.54
16000 22650 . 1.90. 2.00 2.14 .2.21 2.37 ·2.s1 2.78 2.92 3.03 .. . ··3.22·
18000 ' 25100 .2.39 . 2.50 2.67 ·.· 2.75 .~.95
•.
3.23. ·. 3.44 .·3.61 3.75 ··3.98•
20000 28600 2.94 3.07 3.26 . 3.36 .. .3:58 3.92 4.17. ·4,37 .·· 4.54 . 4.81
"··
22000 31400 . 3.54· .3:s8 3.90 4.02 4.28 4.67 4.96 5~20 5..39 . 5.71
24000 34300 4.20 .4.36 . 4.60 4:74 5.03 5.48 5.81 . 6.09 6.31 6.68
26000. 37100 .. · . • 4.91 .5.09 5.36 5.51 . 5.85 6.35 6.73 1.04 . 7..30 . 7.71 ·
28000 ·40000 5.67. 5.87 6.18 6.34. 6,72 7.29 7;71 .8.06 • 8.35. . 8.82
30000 . 42850 6.50 . 6.71.· 7.05 7.23 .7;65 ·.·. 8.28. 8.75 . ·. 9.14 . 9.46 . 9.99.

35000 . 50000 8.80 . 9.06 9.47 9.70 10.2. 11.0 ·. .11.6 . .. 12.1 .12.5 . 13.2:
40000 57150 '11.4 . 11 .8. 12.2 .. 12.5 13.2 . ·. 14.1 14.9' . 15.5 · 16.0 . 16.8
45000 . 62290 . 14.4 · 14.8 . 15.4 15.7 16.4 :· 17.6 18.5 . 19.2. 19.9. . 20.9 .
50000 71450 17.8. 18.2 . 18.8. . 19.2 20.1 .•. 21.4 • 22.5 23.4 24.1 25,3.
55000 78570 21.5 21:9 22.7. ~3.1 2.4.1 25.6. 26.9 27.~ 28.7. . 30.1
..
60000 85710 25.5 26.0 26.8 27.3 : . 28.4 30.2 31.6 32.8 . 33;7 .. 35.3
65000 . 92860. 29;9 .30.4 31.3 .· 31.8 33.1 ··. 35.1. 36.7 38.0 39.1 40.9.
70000 100000 . 34.6 35.2 36.2 36.B.·•· 38.r . 40;4 42.1 ·.·. 43.6 44.9 46.9.
80000 114290 45.0 45.8· 46.9. 47.6 49:3 .· .. .52.0 54.i 55.9 51:s .·· .so.o·
90000 128570 56.9·, 57.7. • 59.1 · 59.9 61.8 65.0 67.6 69.7 .. 71;5 . .···74.6
.. ,., : .. ,
100000· · 142860 70.1 71.1 . 72.6 73.5 75.7_' ·.79.5 82.4 85.0 . 87.1 90.7.
110000 157140 . 84.8 ··as.a 87.5 . 88.6 :
9.1.1 95.3. 98.7 102 104 108
120000 .171430 · 101 102.· 104 105 108 : 113 116 · 120 123·. · 127
130000 185710 118 119 122 123 126 131 136 139 142 . .. '149
140000. '200000 137 138 . 141. 142 145 151 156. 160 164 .·. .·170.. :.·,
:
214290 193 .
·~~g
150000.· 157 161 163 166 173. 178 183 186
160000. 228570 179 183. 184 ·.189 . 196 21)1 .. 206 211 218 ..
170000. 242860 201 203 206 208 212 220 226 232 236 244
·180000 257140· .226 228. 231 233 . 237 245 252 258. 263 272
200000 285710 278 ·.280 284 ·286 291 301 309 316 322 332 .···

x
For this pipe size: v = 3.432 10-• x gpni; h, = 1.828 x 10- 9 .x gpmi ... ·
For velocity data see page 3-29. · ·
Note: No allo~ance has been. mad~ fcir differe~ce in. diain~ter •• or any abnormal conditiM interior .. ·..
age; of
surface. Any factor of safety must be. estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of .each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor.of 15 to
20% be add.ed to the values in the tables...,..see page 3-5. . .. .. ' .. . . . . . . . ..

I 3-80
 ··:.
,,J, . ' Friction
··:)
I: '.ti Friction Loss for Viscous. Li1 ~uids (Continued)
. . -
··-:.~ on Darcy's Fon nula)
(Based
.;,
.:•••··3
r

·-,
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 11 100 Feet of Pipe
36 Inch (34.500" inside dia) Sch 30 New Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes

.,•·'"'i
Flow
I I
·.:··~
26.4 I 32..0 43.2 I 65.0 108.4 162.3 216.s 1 325 435 650
us
.,,.:.: '·~ ,•
gal
per
Bbl
per
hr (42
Approx SS U viscosity

·~,)I
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500
~ 1500 2000 3000

. . .' \
6000 8670 .58 .61 .67 .73 .84 .95 1.04 .86 1.13 1.73

I
7000 10000 .76 .80 .88 .95 1.10 1.23 1.35 1.00 1.33 2.02
.,~)ii
,--1; !.,\,'
8000
9000
11400
12850
.96
1.19
1.01
1.25
1.10
1.35
1.24
1.52
1.38
1.69
1.55
1.89
1.69
2.06
1.92
2.34
1.53
1.74
2.37
2.54

\
10000 14300 1.44 1.50 1.63 1.83 2.03 2.27 2.47 2.79 3.06 2.91
f''-1
-·' I 12000 17150 2.Ci2 2.07 2.24 2.51 2.78 3.10 3.37 3.80 4.16 3;45
14000 20000 2.69 2.72 2.93 3.28 3.64 4.05 4.39 4.94 5.40 4.00
.') i
a.n

.I,,
,,- i
16000 22850 3.41 3.45 3.71 4.13 4.59 5.10 5.52 6.20 7.68
18000 .25700 4.21 4.29 4.57 5.08 5.64 6.26 6.76 7.58 8.26 9.36
J 20000 28600 5.08 5.21 5.50 6.11 6.78 7.52 8.12 9.08 9.89 , , .2
•) 22000 31400 . 6.02 6.21 6.51 . 7.22 8.02 8.88 9.57. 10.7.
12.4.
11.6
13.5.
13.1
)1 24000 34300 7.04 7.30 7.60 . 8.42 . 9.66 10.3 11.1 15.2
. ~\ :I 26000 37100 8.12 8.46 8.76 9.69' 11.1 11.9 12.8 14.3 . 15.5 17.4

.,'i
.!)
' .,i. 28000 40000 9.28 9.70 9.99 11.1 . 12.6 . 13.5 . 14.6 16.2 17.6 19.8
• · !,, 30000 42850 10.5 11.0 11.3 . 12.5 14.3. 15.3 16.4 18.~ 19.8 22.2
··},I
35000 50000 13.9 14.5 14.9 16.4 18.7 20.0 21.5 23.9. 25.8 28.9
"1 .,< : 40000 57150 · 11.1 18.4 18.9 20.8. 23.6 25.3. 27.1 30.1 32.5 36.4
45000 62290 21.9 22.8 23.4 25.6 29.1 31.1 33.4 36.9 39.9 44.5
.:'.·)I 50000 71450 26.5 27.6 . '28.4 30.9 35.0 37.5 40.2 44.4 47.9 53.4
,~, 55000 78570 31.5 32.8 33.9 36.7 41.4 ': 46.0 47.S 52.5 56.5. . 62.9

•"1
:
60000 85710 36.9 38.4 39.8. 42.9 48.3 53.5 55.3. 61.1 65.8 73.1
.L .)
55000
70000
80000
92860
100000
114290
42.7
48.9
62.5
44.4
50.8
64.8
46.1
52;9
67.7
49.5
56.5
71.8
. 55.7
63.6
80.6
61.6
70.2
88.9
63.8
72.7
92.1
70.3
80.1
101
75.6
86.1
109
84.0
95.5
120

··;~ n.6
90000 128570 80.4 . 84.2 88.8 99.5 110 113 125 . 134 148

•1 ·· 100000 142860 94.3 97.6 102 107 120 132 137 150 161 178

•• r
,.
:.~
'•
110000
120000
130000
157140
171430
185710
112
132
153
116
136
158
122
143
166
128
150
173
142
1.67
192
156
183
211
168
196
226
178
207
239
190
222
255
210 .
244
281

··~
• )r
:J . 140000
150000
200000
214290
176

200
181

206
191
217
198 .

224
220
249
240

272
257
291
272
308
291

329
320

362

•"\ ·,f
" . •.
160000
170000
228570
242860
225
252
232
260
244
273
252
282
280
312
305
340
326
364
345
385
369
411
405
451

·1··
•J
)
·'
180000
200000
257140
285710
281
342
289
352
303
369
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
313
380
346
.419
377
456
403
486
426
514
454
548
4.99
600 .

~· For velocity data see page 3-29. ·

9i ! Note: No allowance has b$en made for age, difference in di~ meter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface. Any. factor of safety must be estimated from the 101 :al conditions and the requirements of each

.l
i

•·.I
•
: • j
·:~
I
! particular installation. It is. recommended that for most comm1 rcial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5 .

.:j I
'~
e! .•. v
~~'.·
.J
tl
'1 ..
~,\
.. _ -.
3-81
', ..... ~ "::<.

•. I
I
 .. ·I) Ingersoll-Dresser.Pumps• Cameron
.
Hydraulic Data - ·. : . .

Friction l-0ss··for-Viscous Liquids- ·(C9n tin ued) •

- _ (Based on Darcy's Formula) - _ ._
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1000 Feet of Pipe -
42 Inch (42.0;' inside dia) New Steel Pipe·

Kinematic viscosity-centistokes
Fi ow

us .Bbl--
0.6
I 1.13
I 2. 1
I 2.7
I 4.3
I 7.4
I 10.3
I 13. 1
I 15.7
I 20.6

gal per _ f'pprox-SSU ~y

per hr (42
min gal)_ .31.5 -_- 33 _ -• 35 40 so 60 70 80 100.

10000 14300 .29 .32 .35 .37 .38 ··.43 .46 .49 .Sr .55
11000 15700 .34 -•- .37' .42 '.44 .46 .51 .55 .58 .60 .65
12000 17150 .41 .43 '.48 - :so .54 .60 .64 .68 .71 .75
13000 18600 .47 .50 · .. 55 .57 .62 .69 .74 .. 78 ' .81. .87.
-. -. _ -.93
14000 20000 ,54 .58 ~63 .66 .71 ~79. .85·
-- -- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -. .89 .~9

15000 21400 .62 .66 .72 ,75 ' .81 1-

'.89 .96 1;01 1.05 1.12
16000 22850 .70 .75 .81 ._.84 .91 1.00 l.07 1.13 1.18 1.26
17000_ .24290 .79 ' .84 .91 .94 '1 .01 1.12 ' 1.20 1.26 1.31 1.40 .
18000 25700 .88 :94 1.01 l.05 1:13 1.24 ''1:33 '1.40 .1.46 1.55 ',
--
19000 27140 .98 1.04 1.12 1.16 1.24 l.37 ._ 1.47 1.54 1.60 1.71

20000. ---· 28600 1.08 1.14 1.23 1.27 1;37.- 1.51 1.61 '1.69 1.76 1.87
25000 35700 1.67 l.7_5
',
1.87 1.93 - _ -- 2.07 2.27 2.41 ' '2.53. 2~63 •' 2.79'
30000 42850 2.39 2.49_ 2.64 2.72 _-' 2.90 3.17' 3.36 3.52 3.66 3.87
35000 5ocioo 3.22 . 3:35_. 3.54 3.64' .-3.87 ' 4.21 4.46 .4.66 4.83 s.11·-
--
40000 57150 '4.19 - __ 4.34 4.56 .4:69 4.96 '.5.38 s.70 5.95 6J6 _6.51
''

45000 62290 5.28 -_ 5.45 ', 5.72 ·5.86 I- - 6.19 6.70 7.q7 7.38 7.64 8.05'
.,' 7.16 ' . 8.95
''

50000 71450 6.49 6.69 7.00 7.55 8._14 8;59 -9.25- 9.75
60000 85710 --- '9.29 9.54 9.93 -.. 10.2 . 10.7, 11.4 . 12.0 12.5 .12.9 13~6 '
70000 ··-100000 ; 12.6 12.9 13.4 13.6 _ ,' '. 14.3' 15.3 ,- 16.0. 16.6 17.2 18.0
80000 114290 ' 16.4 16.7 17.3 17.6 18.4 19.6 20.5 ,, 21.3.- 21.9 23.0

90000 _128570 -- 20.7. . 21.1' . 21.8 . - 22.1 23.0'. 24:5 25.6' 26.5 27.3 28~6
100000 14286_0 25.5 26.0' .• 26.7 -_ 27.1 . 28.2 - 29.8 -- -- 31.1 ,'
32.2·- 33.1 _- 34:7
110000 157_14b 30.8 '•_31.3 _,.
'32;2 32.7 33.8'' 35.7 37.2 38.5-- 39.6 41.3
120000 171430 36.6 37.2 -_ 38.t'' 38.7 40.0 42.1 ' 43.9 45:3. 46.5 48.5
130000 185710 42.9 • 43.5 '44.6 ' '45.2 _-_46.6'' -•.. 49.l 51.0 '52.6 54.0 56.3'
--
140000 200000 -- 49.7 -- 50.4 51.5 -··52.2 53.8. 56.5 - 58.6-_ 60.5. 62.0 64,6
''

150000 214290 57.0 57.7 59.0 ' 59:7 _-. 61.5' '64.4 ' -_- 66.8' ._- 68.8' 70.5 73.4
160000 228570 64.8
-. 73.1
6s.6 66.9 67.7 69.6 72.9 75.5 77.7
84.7 -_- . 87.1-.··
. 79.6 _82.7
170000 242860 73.9' 75.4 76.2 - .78.3 -- 81.8 89.2' 92.6
180000 257140 ·-- 81.9 '8_2.8 '84.3 -- a5.•2 87.5 91.3 94.4. 97.0 99.3 103
, .

200000 '285710 101 -· 102 -- 104 105 107' 112 115 118 -_ 125
12J'
250000 . 357140 157 159 '161 162 166 171 177 181 184 191
300000 '428570 226 228 231 232 237' 244 250 256 26.1' 269
350000 500000 ,' 308 310 313 315 320 329 337 344 350 360
400000_ 571430 '401 '404 408 410 416 427 436 444 451 464
',

' ,'

For this pipe size: v = 2.316 x 1o-• x gpm; h, = 8.322 x 1o~ ·~ x gpm~. _
For velocity dafa see page 3-29. -_ -- - -
Note: No allowance has b~en made for age. difference in diameter, or any a,bnormal condition of interior _
surface. Any factor of safety. must_ be estimated from the_ local conditions and. the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial desig'n purposes a safety factor of15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5. · · ·- ·

---'-3:g2-----
.i•••.
.
~-'-·
..-.,:
. : !

Friction Loss for. Vi.scous

. · (Based on Darcy's For ula)
Litu. id~ (Co_ntin_L!ed) .
.Friction

.
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1 00 ·Feet of Pipe ·
42 Inch (42.0" inside dia) Steel Pipe New
Kinematic visco! ity-centistokes · ·
Flow

us Bbl
26.4 I 32.0 I 43.2
I 65.0 I 108.4 11 1s2.3 I 21s.5 I 325 435 650

gal per Approx SS U viscosity

per hr(42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

10000 14300 .56 .59 .64 .72 .BO .90 .98 1.11 .90 1.27

I
11000 15700 .66 .70 .76 .85 .94 1.06 1.15 1.30 .93 1.42
12000
13000
17150
18600
.78
.90
.81
.93
.88
1.01
.99
1.13 . 1.10
1.26
1.23
1.41
1.33
1.53
1.51
1.73
.1.66
1.90
1.57
1.72
14000 20000 1.03 1.06 1.15 1~29 1.43 1.60 1.74 . 1.96 2.15 1.87
- . 2.02
15000 21400 1.17 1.20 1.30 1.45 1.61 1.80 1.95 . 2.20 2.41
16000 22850 1.32 1.34 1.45 1.63 1.81 2.01 2.18 . 2.46 2.69 2.05
17000 24290 1.48 1.50 1.62 1.81 2.01 2.23 2.42 : 2.72 2.98 3.39
18000 . 25700 1:64 1.66 1.79 2.00 2:22 2.47 2.67 3.00 ·3.28 3.73
19000 27140 1.81 1.82 1.97 2.19 2.44 2.71 . 2.93 3.29 3.59 . 4.08.

20000 28600 1.98 :. . 2.00 2.15 2.40 2.66 2.96 3.20 3.59 3.92 4.45
. 25000 35700 2.94 3.02 3.19 3.54 3.94 4.36 4.71 5.27 5.73 6.47
30000 42850 . 4.08 . 4.24 4.41 4.88 5:60 • . 5.99 6.46 7.21 7.83 8.82
35000 50000 5.38 . 5.63 5.80 6.41 7.33 7.85 8.44 9.40 ·10.2 . 11.5
40000 57150' 6.84 7.15 7.35 8.12 9.26 9.91 10.i. 11.9 12.8 . 14.4
. 45000 62290 8.46 ·8.83 9.08 10.0 11.4 . ,12.2 13.1 14.5 15.7 17.6
50000 71450 10.2 10.7 11.0 12.1 13.7 14.7 15.7 .· 17.5 18.9 21.1
60000 85710 14;2· 14.8 15.3. 16.7 18.9 20.2 21.7 24.0 25.9 . 28.8
. 70000 100000 18.8 19.6 20.3 22.0 ·24.8 27.5 28.4 ·. 31.4 33.B 37.6
80000 114290 24.0 25.0 26.0 .· 27.9 31.4 34.6 36.0 39.7 . 42.7 47.4

90000 128570 29.8 31.0 32.3 . 34.5 38.8 42.8 44.3 48.8. 52.4 58.2
100000 142860 36.1. 37.5 39.3 41.6 . 46.8 . 51.6 53.4 58.7· 63.1 69.9 .
110000· 157140 ' 43.1 . 44.7 46.9. 49.4 55.4 61.1 . 63.3 69.5 74.5 . 82.5.
120000 171430 ·50.5 52.4 55.0 57.8 64.7 71.2 . 73.8 81.0. 86.8. 96.0
130000 185710 58.5 60.6 63.8 66.8 . 74.7 82.1 a~:u 93.3 100 110
'140000 200000 67.1 . 69.5 . 73.2 76.4 . 85.3 93.7 101 106 114 126
150000 214290. 76.2 78.9 83.2 86.6 96.5 106 114 . 120 129 142
160000 228570 . 85.9 88.8 93.7 . 97.3 108 119 127 135 . 144 159 .
170000 242860 96.1 99.3 105 109 121 132 142 150 160 177
180000 257140 107 110 116 121 134 147 157 166 178 195

190000 271430 118 122 . 128 133 148 161 173 183 195 215
200000 285710 130 134 141 146 162 177 189 200 214 235
250000 357140 197 203 213. 220. 242 264 . 282 298. 318 .. 348
300000 428570 277 285 . .298 307 337 367 390 413 440 481
350000 500000 370 380 397 407 447 484 515 5.65 579 632
Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.
For velocity data see page 3-29.
Note: No allowance has been· made for age, difference· in dia meter, or any abnormal condition of interior
surface.. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the lo c~I conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that tor most comme cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20"/o be added to the values in the tables-see page ~5. ..

'

3-83
 .

I ) •lngersoll·Dresser Pumps
:. . . ' . . '·. '.·.'

· ·.Cameron Hydraulic Data · .fi·. •

... · . ' ''.. .
ta
.--Friction-Loss for Vis~ous Liquids (Continued)·
Loss in Feet of Liquid pef 1ooo Feet
(Based on Darcy's Formula)
Pipe
.
·of
.. ·c·et
Flow
48 Inch '(48.0" inside dia) New St~el Pipe ·

I
•''

Kinematic v·iscosity-centistokes

I I
·,

I
.

I
',

I
s
i
0.6 1.i3 2.1 2.7 ,(3 10.3 · 13.i 15.7 20.6
us Bbl
I I 7.4

gal per. .·Approx· ssu viscosity '

per hr(42
min gal) 31.5 '33 ' 35 '40·. 50 60 70 BO.·. 100

·. l·'tt,
'

"

14000 20000 ;28 .31 .34 .35 '.37 .41 .44 . .47 .49 .52
'16000 '22850 .36 .. 39 .42 .44 .47 .53 ''.57 .. 60 ''
.62 '.66 ,,
18000 25700 .45 '' .48 .52 .. 54 '
.. 59
"
.65 .70 .74 "
.77 .82
.1#
20000
25000
28600
35700.
.55
', .85
.59
.90
' .64•
•' .97
;66
1,00
:11
· 1.08 ns
.79
"
.84
.1;27.
'.89
.1.33
.93
1.38
.. 99
1.47
!·!-·
30000
35000
'40000
42850
'50000
57150
1.21
1.64
2.12
1.27
1.71
2.21
1.36.
' '1.82
2.35'
1.41
', 1.86
2.42
·1 .51
2.01
·2.. 57
1.65
2.19
2.81
1.76
2.33
: 2.98'.
/i:as
3.12
1.92
2.44 "' .· 2.54
3,23
• 2.04 '
2.69
·.. · 3.42
··.···t·
45000 64290 '2~67 2.78 2.93 3'.02 3.21 3.49 3.69 3.86 ' '4.00 .>4.23
50000 71430. • 3.28 ,3.40 .. ·. 3.59 '3.6.8 3:90 4.23' 4.48 4.68 .4.84 • 5;J 1. ',~

'...··'
"•

"
55000 78570 3.96 4.09 4.30 4.41 '4.67 5.05 ·. 5,34 5.57 $.76 6.08,
60000 85710 .4.70 4.85 5.08 '5.21 5.50 5.94 '6.26 6.5.3 ' '6.75 ' 7.12 "•

65000 '92860 s.so 5.66 .5.92 ··5.01. ·6.39 .·..6.89 7.26 '7.57 ·.·7.82 8.23'
70000. 100000' .6.36 6.54 6.83 '6,99· : .7.35 7.91 '8.33 .8.67 '··•. 6.96 >.9.42
75000 10714() 1:2a 1.48 7.80 7.97; ·8.37 8.99 ' 9.46 ''9.85 10.2
"
10.7 ,• ··.c·' .,,.·
'

....
'

' .
''
80000 114290 8.27 8.49 8.83 "' 9.02 9.46 10.2 I• 10.1· 11.f ·.· 11.4. 12.0
85000 .121430' 9.32 9.55 9.93' 10.1 10.6 11 .4 H.9 12.4 12.8 13.4
90000 126570
95000 i35710
100000 142860
10.4
11.6'
.12.9
'10.7
11.9
13.t
•' 11.1 '
'12.3
13.6
11.3
12.6
·. 13.9
J 1.!3
13.1
14.5
12.7.
t4:cf
15.4
: 13.3
14)
16.1
.
13.8
15.2
16.8
'14.2
15,7
'17.3>
·14.9
16.5
18.1
. t;
'
'
"

15.5 ·.

.....
110000. 157140 15;8 16.4 16.6 17.3 18.4 19.3. 20.0 20.s· · :21;5
120000 171430 16.4 18.8 '' 19.4 '19.7 20 . 5 '21.7 ,• 22.t 23.s " 24.2 25.3
130000 185710 21.s···· 22;0 22.6,., ·, 23.0 23.9 25.3 i' 26.3 '.27.3 28.0'· ., 29.3 ~
140000 200000 25.0 25.4 ··. 26.1 26.5 27.5 •' 29.1 .'30.3 ,,·, 31.3 ' 32.2 '··.33.6''
'

160000 228570'. ·. 32.6.·.·· 33.1 33.9' 34.4 35.5' 37.3. 38.9' 40:2' .·
1
. 41.2 ', 43.0 .... ·~.-·
·. 41.7'·"' 42.7 '·:
. :
11
-..'.
,,
180000 257140 41.2 ' '
43.3' 44.6 46.6· 48.6, 50:1 51.4 .53.5.
200000 285710 50.7 51.4 52:5 53.1 '• '• 54.7. . · 5.6.. 7' 59.3 '61.1 62.6 ·.·. i;i5.1
250000 357140 79.t '• 79.9·
"
81.3, 82.2 ' 84.2 ·• 87.7' 90.6 '93.1 ' 95.1 ' .98.7'
300000 428570 114 115 116 117 120 125 126 '• 131' ,,
134 .·.. · 139
350QOO. ·500000 154. 156 '158 159 " 162, 168 172 17,6 18Qc, 186 •. .....

.:.··1··
' ..<;
400000 571430 202 203 205 207 211 ' 217 223 227·. .··' 232..• .239
450000. 642860 255 ''' 256 " 259 : 261 265. 273 279 285 290,' 298 ...
500000 714290 314' 316 319 321 326. 335 '' 342 349 354 364
550000 785'710 380 382. 386 "'
388 393. .403' 411 · 419 '426. 4.37 "
60000() 8571.40 452 454. 456 461 467 '478 487 496 503 516
.. ".
For this pipe size: v::: 1.773 x 10-• x gpm: h, = 4.877 x 10"''u.x gpm~:
For ve!Ocity data see page 3-30.
Note.: No ~Uowance tias been inade for ag~. difterence in diameter, or ar,1y abnorm~I c~nditiori of interior.··
surface. Any factor of safety must be. estimated from the local. con.ditions and the requirements of each
.~

l
particular instaUation. It is recommended that for most commerci.al design purposes a safety .factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables_;_see page 3-5~ ··· · · ·· · · ·

I
I•
f'
3-84
 ·.Friction
Friction Loss for Viscous Li uids (Continued)·
-·. (Based on Darcy's Fo mula) · · ·
Loss in Feet of
Liquid per 11000 Feet of Pipe
48 Inch (48~0" inside dia) I~ ew Steel Pipe

Kinematic viscc sity-centistokes

Flow

us Bbl
26.4 32.0 43.2 65.0 108.4 I 162.3 216.5 325 435 I 650

gal per Approx s:~ U viscosity

per hr (42
min gal) 125 150 200 300 500 750 1000 1500 2000 3000

14000 20000 .54 .56 .61. .69 .76 .85 .93 1.05 . 1.15 . 1.09
.n
I
16000 22850 .69 .71 .86 .96 1.07 1.16 1.31 1.44 1.25
18000 25700 .86 .88 .95 1.06 1.18 1.31 .. 1.42 1.60 1.75 1.41
20000 . 28600 1.04 .1.05 1.14 1.27 ' 1.41 1.57 1.70 1.92 2.09 1.56
25000 35700 1.55 1.58 1.69 1.88 2.09 2.32 2.50 2.81 3.06 3.46

30000 42850 2.15 2.21 2.33. 2.59 .· 2.87 3.18 ··3.43 3.84 4.17 4.71
35000 50000 2.83 2.94 3.06 3.39 3.89 4.16 4.48 5.00 5;43 5.12
40000 57150 3.60 3.76 3.88 4.29 4.91 5.25 5.65 6.30 6.83 7.67
45000 64290 ·4.45 4.65 4.79 5.28 6.03 6.46 6.94 7.72 8.36 9.38
50000 71430 ··5.38 5.62 5.77 . 6.37 7.261 7.77 . 8.34 9.27 10.0 11.2

55000 78570 . 6.38 6.67 6.85 7.54 8.58 9.19 9.86 10.9 11.8 . 13.2
60000 85710 7.47 7.80 8.00 8.80 10.0 10:7 11.5 12.7 13.7 . 15.4
65000 92860 8.64 9.01 · ·.9.25 10.2 11.5 12.3 13.2 14.6 15.8 17.6
70000 100000 9.88 10.3 10.6 •. , 1.6 13.1 14.1 15.1 16.7 18.0 20.0
75000 107140 11.2 11.7 12.1 13.1 14.8 15.9 17.0 18.8. ·20.2 22.6

80000 114290 12.6 13.1 13.6 14.7 16.6 18.4 19.0 21.0 22.7. 25.2
85000 121430 14.1 14.6 . 15.2 . 16.4 18.5 20.5 21.2 23.4 25.2 28.0
90000 128570 15.6 .. 16.2. 16.7 18.1 20.5 22.7 23.4 25.9 27.8 30~9
. 95000 135710 17.2. 17.9 18.7 20.0 22.5 24.9 25.8 28.4 30.6 33.9
100000 142860 18.9 19.7 20.5 21.9 24.7 27.3 28.2. 31.1 33.4 37.1

110000 157140 ·22.5 . 23.4 24.5 26.0 29.2 32.3 33.4 36.B 39.5 43.8
120000 171430 26.4 27.4. 28.7·. ·ao.4 34.1. 37;7 39.0. 42.9 46.0 50.9
130000 185710 30.5 31.7 33.3 35.1 39.4 43.4 44.9 .· 49.4 52.9 58.5
.· 140000 200000 35.0· 36.3 38.2 40.1 44.9 49.5 51.3 56.3 60.3 66.6
150000 214290 39.7 41.2 43.4 45.5 so:8 55.9 58.0 63.5 68.1 . 75.2

160000 228570 44.7 46.3 . 48.9' 51.1 57.1 62.7 67.3 71.3 76.3 84.1
180000 257140 . 55.6 57.5 60.8. 63.2 . 70.5 77.3 82.9 87.8 98.9. 103
200000 285710 67.6 .. 69.8 73.7. 76.5' 85.2. 93.3 99.9 106 113 .124
250000 357140 102 105 111 115 127 . 139 149 157 168· 184.
300000 428570 144 148 155 160 177 . . 193 206. 218 232 254

350000 500000 191 197 206 212 234 254 271 287 305 334
400000 571430 246 253 264 272 298 324 344· 365 388 .423
·450000 642860 307 . 315 329 ·. 337 370 401 ·. 426 466 478 522
500000 714290 374 384 400 410. 448 485 515 563 57B 629
550000 785710 448 . 459 478 489 534 576 611 668 685 746

Figures in shaded area are laminar (viscous) flow.

For velocity data see page 3-30. ·
Note: No allowance has· been made. tor age, differencie in di ameter. or any abnormai condition of interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the loteal conditions and. the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most comm ercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values in the tables_;;see page 3-5.

.
. . .

3-85·
 .·.I ) ·1ng~rs~ll·Dresser Pumps C~meron · Hydr3.ulic Data
Friction Loss .for Viscous Liquids~4000 SSU to 20000 SSU ·
· .· . - . ~- ··· · (Based on Darcy's Forrnula).-. · · · -0 .. ~------ -· ·-·-----·-

Loss in Feet of Liquid per tQO() Feetof Pipe

· 1Y4" to 6" pipe sizes~Schedule 40
Laminar tiow_:.:Figures suitable for any interior roughness.
" ..·
Kinematic.. v1scosity-:-cent1stokes

Norn Velocity
863
I 1079 1 12951 ·· 1726 I 21SB I 2SB9 1 · 3021
I 3452
I 4315

Flow :pipe· of -Approx ssu viscosit~

us size flow
gprn in • ft/sec 4000. 5000 ', 6000 '8000 10000 '12000 14000 16000 20000
'

5 1Y4 1.07 749 937 1125 1499 1874 2248 2623. '2998 3747
1 112 0.79 '405 506 607 '• 809 1011 1214 1416' 1618 ·. ·2022
"
2 0.48 149 186 223. 298 372 447 .· 521··. 596 '744

10 1Y4 2.15 1499 1874 ' 2249 2998 3748 4496 5247 ·. 5995 '7494
1V2 · 1.58 809 ' 1011 ; 1214 1618 2023 '2427 ·. 2832 '3236 4045
2 ' ..0.95 298 372 447 .. 595 745 .'893 1042' ' 1191 .:1489

15 1V2 2.36 ' 1213 '1517 1821. 2427 3035 '3641' '4248 .4854. 6068
2 ''
1;43 '447 558 '670, ,893 ' 1117 ,' 1340 ' 1564 1787' 2233.
21h 1.01' ?19 274 3.29 439 54,9 .· .. 658' 16~' 877 '1.097
... "

20. 1Vz 3.15 1618 2023 '2428 3236 4046 ·.4854, .• 5664.' ·~72 '8090 .·.
2 1.91 596. ,' 745 894 119{' 1489 1787 2085' 2382 ·.·. 2978'
21h '1.34 ' '·292 366 440 585. 731 878. 1024 ' 1170 1463 •'

25 2 " 2.39. 744. 931 .111.7 1489' ' 1862 '2233 2606· .2978 ·. 3722.
21h 1.68. 367 458 549 '731 · 914 ·. ·, 1098 1280' \463 ' 1828
3- 1,oa 153 192 230 ··. 301 383·. '' '460 .537 .613 767

30 2 2.87 893 1117 1341 '1787. 2234. 2680.·· 3.127 3573 4467 ..
2Y2 2.01· 440 '549' ', 659 ''879 1095 1315 ' 1536< 1755 .· ' 2194
3 '1.30 .... 184 .· .230 276 . 368 461' 5~2 ' 643 ··.737' .· 920·

40 2 3.82 1191 1489 ·i787 2382 2979 •' 3573 · .. 4110 '4764 •. 5956.
2Y2 2. 68 585 '732 .878 1170 1463 1755 '2048 2340 ·•. 2926
3 1.7.4' 245 '307 368 491' 613 736, ,.,859 .• 981 1227
50 2 4.78 1489 1862 I 2234· 2978 3723 4467 5212 5956 .· 7445
2'h' .3.35 731 •··. 914 .1098 ·•. 1463 1829 .2194 2560. '2926.' .· 3657
3 2.17' '307 384 '.460 6'14' 767 920 I . 1073 1227 1534
'
''
6(! 2 5.73' ri86 2234 2681 ·. 3573' •' 4468 5360 '6255 ,7147 8934
.2v2 4.02 us 1097 1317 .1755 2195 ''
2633 " 3072 351.1 4388
3 2.60 .·.··. 368 460 ·552 ,736 921 11()4 •t289 . · 1473 ·1840
70 "
·2V2 '.4.69 1024 1.280 1537 2048· 2560 3072 •,' ,3584 •.. .· 4096 •. 5120 '
.
3 3.04' 429 537 ·.·. 644' .:559 1074. .·. 1288 .1503.'.· I 1718 . 2147 ·.·
4 .• 1:76· 144 . 181 217
.
·. 290 362 435 507 579 .724
',·

80 2V2 s.36 1170 1463 1756 .·2340 2926 3511 4097. 4681 5651
3 3 ..47 491 '' 614 737 982 1227 1,473 1718 •1963 2454
·4 '' '2.02 166 207 2.48 331.' .· 414 ' 497 579 662 828

90 2112 6.03 1317 1646 1976 2633 3292 ~950 4609 • 5266 6583
3 3.90 552 690 ·. 829. ' 1104 1381 1657 ' 193°3 ', 2209. 2761
4 2.27 '186 ' 233 279. .37_2' 466 559 652 '745 931
'
"'
'

1.00 2V:z '6.70 '1462 1829' • 2195 '2926 3658 '4388 5121 5851 7314
3 4.34 ' 614 ' 767 .921 1227 ' 1534' .•. 1:~~' ' 2t48: 2454 3068
''
4 2.52 207 259 310 414 '517. 124 ', 828 '1035.
125 3 5.42 766 959. 1151 1534 1918 ,' 2301 ,.2685 ·•3068 3835
4 3.15 ' 259 323 388 517 647 776 905 i035 1293
6 1.39 50 63 75 ,'· 100' 126 151 ' 176 201 251
150 3 6.51 920 1151 1381 1841 2301 2761 3222 3681 '4602
4 3.78 310 388 .466 621 776 931 .. 1066 1241 1552
6 1.67 60 75 90 121 151 181 211 241 301
' ' '

Note: No allowance has been made for age, difference in diameter, or any abnormal condition ot interior
surface. Any factor of safety must be estimated from the local conditions and the requirements of each
particular installation. It is recommended that for most commercial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
20% be added to the values iri the tables-see page 3-5. · · · ·

I 3-86
 Friction
. . .: . .

Friction Loss for Viscous Liquids-400 SSU to 20000 SSU (cont.)

· · (Based on Darcy's For ula) · .· ·
Loss in Feet of Liquid per 1qoo Feet of Pipe
. 3" to 1r pipe
. sizes-
. SI~ he d ue
I 40
Laminar flow-Figures suitable for a 11y Interior roughness .
Kinematic vis ~osity-centistokes

Nom Velocity
863 I 1079 I 129s 1 112s I 21~8
I
I 2569 I 3021 I 3452
I 4315
Flow pipe of Approx issu viscosity
us size flow
gpm in ft/sec 4000 5000 6000 8000 1oQoO 12000 14000 16000 20000
175 3 7.59 1074 1342 1611 2147 26b4 .3221 . 3758 4295 5369
453 724 9b5 1268.

IJ
4 4.41 362 543 1086 1-448 1810
6 1.94 70 88 105 14,1 1t76 2l1 246 281 352
200 4
6
B
5.04
2.22
1.28
414
80
27
517
-100
34
621
121
40
826
161
54
1~ 1241
,',241
·~ ·80 '
1449
281
94
1655
321
107
2069
402
i34
250 4 6.30 517 647 776 1005 1293. 1552 1811 . .2069 2586
6 2.78 100 126 151 201 a, '·~·301 . 352 402 502
8 1.60 33 42 50 67 ~4 1QO 117 134 167
300 4 7.56 621 776 931 1241 1$2 .·1es2. 2173 2483 3104
6 3.33 121 151 .1a1. 241 ~01 .362 422 482 603
8 1.92 40 50 60 80 ' 1.01 121 141 161 201
400 6 4.44 161 201 241 321 4b2· -482 563 643 803
a 2.57 54 67 80 107 1i34 • :161 1-88 214 268
10 1.63 22 27 32 .43 154·. t.es 76 .. 86 108
500 6 5.55 201 251 301 402 f02 603 703 803 1004
a 3.21 67 84 101 134 '68 .:201 235 268 335
10 2.03' 27 34 40 S4 67 81 94 108 135
600 6 6.66 241 301 362 482 eo3 ··. 723' . 844 964 1205
8 3.85. 80 101 121 161 2o1 241 . 281 .322 402
10 2.44 32 40 49 65 !a1 97 113· 129 162
700 6 7.77 281 352 422 562 o3· »M-4 984; 1125 1406
.s 4,49 94 117' 141 188 .~ 35 281. 328 .. 375 469
10 2.85 38 47 57 74 94 ··.113 132 151 189
800 8 5.13 107 · 134 161 2·14 .68 322 375 429.· 536
10 3.25 43 54 65 86 08 129' 151. 173 216
12 2.29 21 ' 27 32 ~ 54 64 75 86 107
900 8 5.77 121 151 181 241.. ' : 02 362 422 482 603
10 3.66 49 61 73 97. 21 146 170 ., 194 243
12 2.58 24 30 36 48 60 . 72 ' •
84 96 120
1000 8 6.41 . 134 168 201 268 . 35 '402 ,. 469. 536 670
10 '4.06 54 67 81 108 35 162 .. 189 216 270
12 2.87 27 33 40 S4 67 ·eo 94 107 134
1500 10 6.10 81 101 121 162 02 243. 283 . 324 404
12 4.30 40 50 60 80 00 120 '141 ' 161 201
14 3.56 27 34 .41 55 69 82 96 110 137
2000 12 5.73 54 67 80 107 34 161 187 214 268
14 4.74 37 46 55. 73 92 110 128 147 183
16 3.63 21 27 32 43 54 64 75 86 107
2500 12 7.16 67 84 100 134 67 201 234 266 335
14 5.93 46 57 69 92 . 15 137 160 183 229
16 4.54 27 37 40 54 67 80 94 107 134
3000 14 7. 12 55 '69 82 110 b1 165 " 192 220 275
16 5.45 32 40 48 64 81 97 113 129 161
18 4.30 20 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 101

Darcy formula for laminar (viscous) flow-h1 = L(gpm)k

' . 1587.6 d'
i n which-hr= friction loss-ft of liquid; L =length of pipe- ft: gpm = flow-gal per min; k = kinematic
viscosity-centistokes: d =- internal pipe dia-in. Warning: This f )rmula for laminar flow only, i.e. for Reynolds
n umber less than 2000.
N ote: No allowance has been made 'for age. difference in dian ieter, or any abnormal condition of interior
s urface. Any factor ot safety must be estimated from the loci I conditions and the requirements of each
p articular installation. It is recommended that for most commer cial design purposes a safety factor of 15 to
2 0% be added to the values in the tables-see page 3-5.

3-87
 ' " . . . :' ·.· . ::. . ·.

I) lngersoH·Dresser Pumps · ·c~meron

.
Hydraulic· Data . . ' - . '

Curves relating frictfon Ioss to stock flow in pipes. are shown on .

pages 3-91 to 3-101. These curves are based on the· university of
Maine's correlation of the Brecht ap.d Heller data*. That data cor-
relation produced a relationsh'ip betweeri·a pseudo-ReynoldsNumber
"Re" and a friction factor"f" as shown on the chart on page 3-90.
'. . .

· The following equations are.

. .
applicable
.
here:··. ·~ .

"R~;,;
20
(1) pseud<i-Reynrilds
· .· . . · ·..
N111llber
. .
= D"'
· . ·
x Vx
'ci.1s1 ·
P
.·

. . . .· ·.. ' •. < <> . .3 97 ',' , ,'

(2) '' **friction factor ''f'' ·... ·· · ·. · . · •
. ·. · .· · · . · . .· . . Ret.636
·.· •. '··.··· '' ; .•. . .· .·• ; . ' .. · Q' ~ 0.321 ··.'
'(3) average stock :velocity "V" ··. ·.· ·. · .· ·.· ... ··. · .·
.... ·.·. ·; ··... · ·...·• . .·.·.· .....· ·A ·.. ·
'·, .. :· . . . . .

V2 L K .
(4) friction loss "h ,; =
. . . . .· r.
x x
D
x.. .
····· .·· ..·., ' ' ' '

..· · .where: . ·. • A · .Pipe flo\V cross-sectionaj~ea-

.. ·. square inches •· .· •.
'.c = % stock consistency-· oven dry . ·. . '
· D =Inside diameter of pipe-. feet-.
f ' Friction ff!Ctor** ···. see 'page 3~90
'; hr = friction loss~ feet', of water '' ' . ' .· •' . '
· ..· K :-. Friction 'factor multiplier (see page 3~89) .· ·
· L · ·· Length of pip~-.··· feet < · .. ·· ··. • ..

3
p = Stock density-.· lbs./ft (assll.nied be 62~4) . to
Q = Volumetric flow rate-. lJ. $. galloI"ls/miriute
Re Pseudo-Reynold's number , . . .· .
V. · . Average
.
stock veiocity in pip~--feet/second.
. .· : . , .' •," ''. ,, ' '•' ','

·*Acknowledgements, with the permissi~n ofTAPPI

Brecht and Heller-TAPP! VoL 33, No. 9 · ·. •... · .·.· ·
Durst, Chase and Jenness-TAPP! Vol. 35, ·No. 12 ·.
Durst and Jenness-.TAPPI Vol. 37, No. 10 · · ·
P. S. Riegel-TAPP! Vol. 49, No. 3
** Note: This friction factor "f'' is not related in any way to the Darcy-.Weisbach-
Colebrook friction factor previously discussed-.. (page 3.:.3), . · . .·
Note: For pump performance corrections when handling stock see discussion on
page 4-49. · · · ·

I 3-88
 rict~on~Paper Stock . 'j
i

Given the pipe size, stock flow, and stdck consistency, the stock
· vel~city and Re number can be calculate · using equations (3) and
(1). The friction factor "f" corresponding to the calculated Re number
can be taken from the chart· o:h page 3-90 o calculated using equation
(2). By using the appropriate given and d rived values in equation
(4), the stock line friction loss can be calc ated. Friction loss values
shown on the accompanying curves were derived in the foregoing
manner for various diameters of schedule 4 steel pipe.
For pipe diameters other than those hown, it is necessary to
. calculate friction loss values as describ.ed a ove.
Although the Re number was originall derived on an .OD stock
· II
consistency basis, the friction loss curves s own here were calculated
· on the AD consistency basis, resulting . in somewhat larger loss
values and; therefore, more conservative r slllts .
.Stock temperatnres bet~een l8°C and 56 C (65°F ·and 95°FJ will
.. not appreciably affect frfotion loss; higher temperatures. should give
· · somewhat lower friction losses.
·· . For stock consistencies below 2.0%, ~se water friction values.
Stock velocity should not exceed 10 fee1Js~c. for stock consistencies
of 3.~% or lowe. r; for consistencies higher lhan 3.0%, maximum stock·
velocity should be 8 feetisec. · .. . . . ·
. .
The 'friction loss curves are based on nbleached, ·unrefined soft-·
· wood ·sulfite pulp; ·for other types of pul , the following multiplier
values (K) may be applied:•··.· · .
Friction. Factor
Type of Pulp *C Multiplier (K) ·
Unbl. Sulfite-SW 640 1.00
. Bl. sulfite-· SW· 560 0.90
Unbl. kraft-SW 730 0.90
·soda-HW 0.90**
·Reclaimed fiber 0.90**
Pre-steamed groundwood-SW 200 1.00
Stone grotindwood-SW 70 1.42
* Canadian Standard Freeness
** Courtesy of Goulds Pumps, Inc.
Note: This friction factor multiplier (K) is not rel ted in any way to the resistance
coefficient K in the tables on pages 3-110 to 3-121.

3-89
 I ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps ·. ·· Cameron Hydraulic Data· .. :· ..
'.. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . .
__ .:,..._ -~· -·- ....... '-~

. Friction Factors for. Stock

. .
Flow· in Pipes.. ·
" : ., ..

·Friction Factor-·.·· "fn ·.·

"t" FACTOR
0 0 0 0 0 QOltO,...IO It)·~ ·M ... N
coin...,. M· N ..-0000·0 0 0 0
C! 0 0 ··C! C! crq C! C! C! C! q q C!

.*
~
1.

0 0 0
C! It? .. "llf'..
0
"?.
0
N ...
0 0 00 0
Ol co ..... co in
.q C! C! o. q
0 0
'If
q
.0
. M.
q
0
·N
q
.....
o·
C! .
'f" FACTOR

3-90
 .Fr: ction:-:Paper Stock

· ~riction of. Paper Stock (Co tinued)

Loss in feet of water per 100 f of pipe

Basis unbleached sulphite pul -air dry
31nch

L. ~-·.,~·~
1
.... I
4n p(µ19
• ":~ ("f~R" n- -
:
!

i
90
!

/
A tl!I
.'• :

! / .
~·/ ~ 11!:,l,; •V;rt!_
' 80 l /
....
......
I
~
/.
':l • ,&61
!

--:,·----+
-· ..... ...,
I

0
. "!
.. ' /
/
/
./ !
I·
270 . I
/
/ / ::-f __
·"'-··
1- f ./ "'' ·-"' .;J.i i.I r.h i
IL /': / /
/ i ./ / i I

~60
.. :
:/ / / '

Cl> / !/, / ~
~· _, ~ filJt- ! '
I

0 ' / /' ' / ._/" !

..J 1 / • .. / ~ :
I
I :
I / :
v ./
-
: 1

·so I / /
I JI / /~
/
·/
_,/"'
• .·~
•
I

'
i
--:--
IF. I :/ i/ ._;,,,, ;
: '
l·J / ·/ -"""'
II'"".
l I I :
.
.- ,.,...
:
• ·I 1 ,/. 1/ '' ,)I"' . I !

,,,
I
'r----.-1 ; 1: !/ I / i '
40
I

I I I/ ./ : i
'
:
·/l/ /
ii'/ ~r
r1 y
I v.
/.
!
:

~~

. ·- ,,,,,,-;-, ·.
;
'
I

i
j
l
I
d
30 /:/.
"
I
l
.. ~ ! :
I

:
~
!
I
'
i
!
; I IF ' I ~-· : i
'
i I

:J :/'i
i/ I v.
' ; .Yr
! ·- _;_

.....
I

- ..;,_
~ Mi·
i !
'
!
if
-
I. I
' I / ~ I Ia ~
i I I !
'
l/ i ___.,. I i
I ! :
20 ,__,,,--
' I

~·:
/. ·!]r .) •I Qlliii'.r.
./. .~ I . : ! I
;

' '
Jiii'
~
-r---
i ' ' !
;
1

! '
;/ ; I
I
' !
!
1
..;...-
. '
-
I ' : i
' i I I
:
i I I : I
I : I
'
I ' I I : ;

f.o
l~2 250
100 · lttO
FLOW .. US

3-91
•I ~· JngersoH·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Dat~ . ii ·
.. :i ...•!!
Friction of ·Pap~r Staek (Continued)'~·•. i'

. ' ' . . ' ' ..... ·. · .. " . ·. . . .· :.- . '.· . . . · . . '. .

. Loss in feet of water per 100 ftof pipe

Basis unbleached sulphite pulp~'air dry
4 Inch ·

J
i
!

i 90 f--c-'-r---l-.;__--:-11-~~.-:-..--'--~t----+---..,.--t--:-~.,,.,..~:\.J~.,_...;.;_.;...__ ·11'
...
i--;.....-----.. .1-.
. -- "1. . ,· ,..Ii' . . . .
'

.... . . ··
LL.
. 0 ·.
....,__~------
.1
.I

'
I
... !

8Qf--c__;.--'!"!----+-----.....;·..;.:..·. ;:----,--+----:~""+-_;..._--h,,,.._,,,!!!!::;___•_..:•+..::...:w4~-
-+·

-.,
--Jr~~--'"'-~~.-~~'-----+,,,,,-.~,,c_--l.----~-+-....:,__,.,..._

./ 'Z.
./
. /.
..
. ..,,,
.
/'

,.,r·
~ ....
-t:t"/' S •C: \IFI

. ,..,,,,,.. ""'·'
l.
·. _o 7·oi-------r1...;__~+--.;___;..._··~:~.r~.-·-i-:~·~""'-'-+.,;,.-_,.,,,.·~'..tt"':::.+-·-.,.-----+_;.;.....:,_.;__
·.. l / '.. / ~
. ............ . . /: · .. · : / . ~" '_A .......
.... -./ : .. · . ' , / .. _/ . ...,,,,,.. ·.. T• • V '1V
..... •/ ./ ./'' .,,..,,..

.
.
···..

/ / / / . / I . . ·~ .___... .·

. .·11 II" . 1 / .__,,,. ~·· · .. · ..

·. I I / · y . . · .,,,,. ~

:. ;

. 1

50 ..·
. j.

I ' ' •

3-92
 : ·. .· .· · . · . .· · riction-Paper Stock

Friction of Paper Stock (Cintinued). · .

·. . ·. I .
Loss in feet of water per 1oo ft of pipe
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp-air dry
1

61nch

I J
72r----c---t~----:-~~----r-~~l-*1rt:---,..-;r--h-=--:--~-+-~~
-·--·--+---
!
I .

. I- - i--- . '
"""'"'7 _ _ _

LL . 1·- ---- . .
0 -i--·--
256 i .
I-
' I
1--+----+----
LL. . - ;-,-.-
.•(/) 48 r--.---'-.-'--H-'--,~-_;_"'.l'f_;_-~f-H___..;.-~~e-..;--+-_;.._--1
..
(/) . i

o:
...J
i
4Qt-7-;-7~f--~~~~~~~~~--+-----;.___;_+-~--l
!

at2~:::::::=c.~E::::tt:r:::t:~J--·-=-···-=--~--
..... __._,_. ; ; I
-+--~ . ~ _ ;1-aC,;_.j·~~~~----""4-M---..::.__.J_~-----I
' ' ' I i ; l I i
·~-- -1-1
I

I -i-i -- - -· -·- ! I ! Tn---'---1---'-I_.;.._...j__...i I I

I '

200 400 600 8 0 1000

FLOW- US GPM
 1-.
LL .
·o ....
·.O 35 "' .. ~ .
. .. ,

.. :< . . .. . .. . . . .

·: -~-~:--:·-~-
. .

~-~ ·r~- ~ ~· ~-:- 10 .LS-tc )lEL-

1

' : .· ~ : l : : : : j : : : : .: : ~ : ~ .::~·_:_ -::-:-.::- t ----- _;

. . . .··. 1000 . 1500
FLOW - US. GPM .

3-94
 Friction-Paper Stock

Friction of Paper Stock Continued)

Loss in feet of water per 100 ft of pipe.

Basis unbleached sulphit pulp-air dry .
101nch

I
. j

V"EL

t24~-----l~-r-~~;__--+-~-.,.~~~~
0
0
-·
'
t-20
----- ··-- .
.
LL
I
(/)
(/)
_.
0

--2.57.

2%

00 800 1200 0 2000 2400 2800

FLOW- US GPM

3-95
 I "J lngersoll·Dre~ser Pumps CameronHydraulicData
. : . ' . .

' . ." .· . . ' .

•Loss· in feet of water per .1.00 ft of pipe · .· .

.·Basis unbleached sulphite pulp--a.ir·dry ·• · ·
121nch

. .
--'---4-,;.,._-~: - ....
- ~ .. .• .

._20·1-------+--~.,;..__.;_~~-~~-----:JtA~~....:+--:...::.:..__;_~
. lL .···
·O.
·-,
0
...

. I-'
.. ·.LL.

..·.·"'
. c·
.

..
.. "
·~

0 500 1000 . · I 00 2000 . 2500 3000 · 3500

1 ·.·
ii
£
.t
.. FLOW ~ US G.PM
.i
I
.. r
:
t
......
I
I
3-96 .
..~
. ·' .
r
 riction~Paper Stock

Friction of Paper Stock fontinued)

Loss in feet of water per 100 ft of pipe
Basis unbleached sulphite · ulp-air dry
141nch
25~~~~~~~~--r~w-~-+--~~~~---~~--
--~i -· - - - - . ,J
~J4~ saH.~4QR1.t:?.E~~-- ---1-1----_-::_...._,--_-__...._,_ ·
·-·- - t 3.- i2-4- t:-D: '
--+--J----~-r--e~-+-----1-----I
_,___,__ _ 7-~.I-"E-~-;-----+--· ·--I

~ .- • • ·- t - ·-----1--1----------...;_~.- .. - - --

-- - - - - - -·-- -
j

·1I
I
!

I
0
0
·~ ~ ----- "
.LL
.·I 1-··- I
1-- ---: ·~-
(/) 15~:~-+-+->,__~~---,.~-i--,IC--~++-+--t-~~~-+-~~
(/) I- . --·
0 '
...:J

101
++--+--.4+~:..__~~-"~~~~~L-+-~~~~~~
- :

. f- -

•. •
-----4-~--:--:---+
• • . . .- . • t
---
- ·-··--
--··---..
----~------

0 1000 .. 2000. &>00 . 40 0 ·. 5000

FLOW• US GP
 ' ' .

~
I) lngers~ll-Dresser Pial1tps · C:mlleron ·Hydraulic Data ·
. t.i.·•
'
. ' _,_.
' ' '

. . . . ' . . ···.·.··~
Fricti-on··of ·Paper Stock.(Contillued) ·.·
···.. ·.··-:·
Loss in feet of water per-100 ft of pipe · · flt'
· Basis unbleached. sulphite pulp.;;;;... air dry ·I!
25----------~-.,----,
161nch
---.-- ·.·Ii •
1. . . . . . . ' . . . . ' . . . . . . '. - . . . .. . 1
·19
,...... - -.- . . .
'i
. .... - ;_j

c
_..
'·~·'
.·' '\

' ; .A!''·.
·.·~·
.-: '?· ·..
-~
~ . :;.;.:· . .· '.· -~
.
.

0 1 ·. "' . ~ ... . " .-. .

I
~ ~.
. . ~ i ·. . . )
0 .•. ,;__-'-~..-----~~-r--1---~~t--,-'----'"'-~+--~~~~--J

~·
.i
' r-. -

...• 15 ,__:-·
L,_•
r•• '
I'
• '

• ···-. -··-·~·
'
,,
t
..:·f.(\
. . \
.'

~--~~-~~--"'""'."-+~--f-_,,.....;._--.J.-·-•_:.. _:..._.'.---i· I '

.. ~ :
Cf) l .
en . , ·,
0 -·
...J . ... . . ' - .
'·
.l.
·~·

i' . ' 'Gl

I .. . . .... . -·. . .. "
"!'f.'.
...
. ,c· '.·· .. , ,:.

' 10-_,__,,__,,_,_~~~---h.~'-----t-,..,~:;;.._.;_-+-=-.:s:.-.,--+--'--~
1 .· ' ~
~jl

;.·
I '

: '
! ' ~ :
'. .;,; I
::t :.
·e-
·. .. .f I ·.

· .•. i I . . ,,,;., .
' '
I •.
..... ' .,. .....
-

. ......
·
~;
ll '
i et·
I
ji ···c·.
s-.~~~~~~~~~~~~.~-~-~~~4.~.~~~~·.~~~· • ·=·Jr., .. ~
~1.·~ .. ·. .-·t.·~-. -.
. -~ ,. •. ,. ~ . : ... . . ...
-' i. · .
'
· ...
.
.,___
. . . .. -
. .
.
-~
.

..;.
~ ':,·~. : ··,.!!..... '.··,1·
·. ·.
-# l

..

. l \
•. 1I - --'. -··--
0 1000 2000 3000 ,4000 ' . 5000 ·.· 6000 '
FLOW US 'GPM . · ·.·. · ··
.· . t
6
t
.
•••,.
~

,,. ..:..
·~
. · 1 riction~Paper Stock
• J

. !

Friction of Paper- Stock (C ntinued)

Loss in feet of. water per 1O ft of pipe

E;Jasis unbleached sulphite pulp-air dry
181nch

.... _.. _ . : .. --·-- ). -·---·i. ____ --+- ... Ji. ___. . ,.' - .... ·1
---- ----~' -- . - _J.I -- -- - _..L__
i
.. ·-· _.. _. - -
I
... - ····-. -~
:--·-·- --··l--·· - -. -1 ··-. --t· -+ • - - - - • -1
;-··· -·- I --·t-.- --f--·-- - - . -- j

; ----·--+---- -- --~-----t-1
11.
I
I
--+-- --1
- ·--
. ;' - . .. -- .... - - . _,_
~
I .. I
~---,..--

' r~·----j-·-·--·-+­ - - --j

i
.,:..)I 20 I r---r------·
t---i-- _ _,,_____ _ _ -

:::; .. ·t: ~~sfK4 ··rp·E:---=-rks2s~

.J~., o0 . ' -·--- . - - - - -
• .
.

., ,:1

)
•.:'}' I- f--------·
e\ .· LL ~--·-
.,~ . I r---- -
.

··~ ·~· 15 --:- - - + .=---==:---'-:--1:7"''-----+--+~~......,._......,._t-------1

.)
•.:i
•.•1 ·
•Y :~·
g
-·-·-·---

·,·~·
.)
·J~
""

.~I
.1)

.).;•)·

.i. ~
' .

• .l
. '
)

•1•~. ' .

•:
•i
·~
ti'
~·

FLOW -US GPM

5000 6000 7000

~ _____;.. ___ 3-99

. 1
! • \
 Ii) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps·· Cameron Hvdraulic Data 4_. ..

Friction of Paper Stock lContinlJed) c ' •. -- - - - - -- .·. •-:=

Loss in feet of water per 100 ft of pipe It
Basis unbleached sulphite pulp~air dry .•·
.·····~·.
.i
.
1---1--.,.,....J-,.--1.-__._i..__J-,--.- ' - - - L - .~._
20 Inch

_..____.__-r---n- ~6%
Wt :--
·I
I ..
-:
.._..
. 15
. 20-scH. 40 'PIPE- 18.·814 l.D.
-...--.--..,....,---+--""7"------+-..
1---1-.........__..,_--r-~-1---!----+--'--+,....,.-+-7'~··-----r(/)

4-~~~~--~-1---'.-··4.\--l_·__:-r~--,~+.b>~--~~~
>I·
&3 .--.-.--i-----i
c
.• -
----..,;__,._--'----<~--'-+--'---.;--_,..----'-:-----:....,• 5. 5 %
a.;,..._._ _

'
'I '.
-.,.-.-.i

<2
·.···-:
•.
···.·.····.····.•· ....
. ·< . . ·.•. ···.·.·c~·
. :
. .•. '·. ·. ---~ --~ \~-1
.. ·.· · .. · ..·.

. ·-- -·10
··~ ..
..
__ ;
....__,_....;,,,,,,

......
. ~.

.· c·
0 I
·o ' .

........
..... ,.

~ . 1--+i·--1--J.:..-.:--~~~+.-----:-~~--'--:::r..C-
···~
. I.
.. (/)
Cf)
o·
..J <1·
. ~:·

.
.··. ·.. 2.5% .·• .·.
.

. . l .·
.
:· ....::_:·' W·
....•....
',
..............

6-
!2% .
. · .·. ·.I
·\·

lt-
0
I .
i
.J .
I
. 1000 2000 3000 4000 .· 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000
FLOW- US GPM·
. ! .

.: .
i . i

'
;:.:,

·~...
::~
,- . ....

..
·

.
~

~..... ····t··.
3-100 ~
......

"t
 riction-Paper Stock · i :

Friction loss in fittings-·- (paper stock)

To determine frictional resistance of pap r stock flowing in elbows
· and tees use the chart on page 3-102; thes curves are drawn for 90° .
short radius elbows. To determine the fric ional resistance for either
90° long radius elbo,,·s or 45° elbows, mtly the results obtained
from the chart by a 0.8 factor. To determi e the frictional resistance
of a standard tee, multiply the results ob • ed from the chart by a
1
1. 7 factor. The follo"ing example demon tes how to use the chart.
Find the .frictional resistance in an 8 in. schedule 40, short radius .·-
900 steel elbow for 900 gallons per mi;nute .of 39C ·air dry consistency 3
unbleached sulphite p_aper stock. Entering he chart with 900 gallons -
per minute, move horizontally to the inter ection of the 8 in. curve.
Proceeding vertically to the intersection of the 3% air dry consistency
curve results in a frictional resistance valuf of 1 foot. · · · --. · · · ·
· ~or fit~i~gs with internal diame~ers diffeijent fro~ schedule 40 steel .
fittings, it is necessary to determine the fi[w velocity. The chart can · ·. .
·then be entered .on_ the. 'velocity scale and projected upward to the . · ._
- -intersection withihe~n-sisten\!y curv~s-:-T -e-fricrionalresistance-can~ -~~-··
1
now be read as· before. For the· various : ypes of paper stock, the · .· -
· K yalues from the· table cm page 3-89 shoul be used as multipliers of
the frictional resistance.· · · · ·
See Page 3~ 103 for general information o .Pulp & Paper Industry .. ·.·

. . . . .i

3-101
 1 ·~·Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps . Cameron Hydraulic Data .
. .. .

· Friction of Paper. Stock (Continued)--·--·-~-_ ~- .-··• ;"'--~ __ . , . . . . ...

· ·Through 90° Elbows ·

·.. %AIR .·DRY
'.. .
~ON~lSTENC~
' . . ·. ,, .
6 %. 5 %. 4 \% ..
..
3.0 ./ ,; ·,.
""'~ .. ...... ,/

2.0 .~ ... ~

4% . I

I. 0
-- -- ----
....
~- I-"
.

-
1:.f~-%
3%
J .. ·1

2
0.8 - ' - .... ..-- ...
0.6
o.s
0.4
._ ...... ......... -- .·
~ -.. -.. - =. .
ttI ...... ·•
I-

0,3
... -
0.2
VELOCITY IN1. FEET PER SECOND
> H-f
1

..
I· . ·. I · . ···.• '
I I I I
I 2 ·3 4 5 6 7 8. 9. ·... I··
.I
0
8000 I
,_
·I
.... ....
._ ~.
.... -
- 20 11
I8 II.·.
.. ·

6000
. 5000
- -- --
. :- ..- ......
'- 1f - '-

--
.... -~
..:
_.;,..
·.
I 6 .''
... w .
4000
·3000 """
.... ..... .,.. ":
.
....
.... - ....
c.-i.--
.....
...._. .
~

.._
---- - - - I4 ...
I 211 .
~.
ti)
...J
.... ......... .........-- .... i..--
....
.~ lo""-
'--
~
I Qll· <·
.... z
2000
. . i.- .... L,,. ~ .....
....
..
...
~i..
~
....
" ....
L... .... .... ....
.... ..... ....
·,
. ,. ~
,...~
-
·~· .

.... .... ..... i.. --~· .. .... ..... ....

\.,.. [..; i.- .. ~i.- 0
z ....
I
•,
IV
'.I
"'.

. ""
I/
'-"'
,,,,,. ,,,..,,.""" ....... .,,. ... .... .... i--':,.... ... ~--
·~
.:,.... ,. i,.1..-" .,,,,. .... ~ - .... .,;. ..... ...... ..-. ....
_ ....
..-- .
-- - B II ..

a:: . .
·o··
1000
.,
•

... .. -
.
I

-
. . .__ -
-- 511 ... ~
0

800
600
' '/ LI [..;
' ii ~
1..-'. ""'
. I; ..... ~
...-
,_ ........ "-'""° """."
w
...J
:::> .·.
'./ l,1 ~ [..; . 0.
500 , !.- .... c-i-" -~ w.
J .
v .,.. ., - ....
~

:i:::
·' ,. , ...., ,.
400 ..... 4 11 . u.
, -- _.... ........ ti)
300 """- _.....
200
I
}'
ll'

i...'
JI"
:_,.,,.""

........ .... -.
....... .... - 1·.·
.... .... ..--
.I· ._ 3u

......... i•·
~"" ......
~· '--

v ... ~ ..... .... .... ~-

II .... """ ....
i.-·~

100 ..' 1...

""'i...- . ...-
ao , "" '"" ....
...- .

',, ........
60 ,.
50 I/ [..; LONG RADIUS OR 45° ELBOWS MUL TlPLY BY 8
, ... _,;;..
ST AN DARO TEES MULTIPLY BY I. 7
40 .,. I I
...... r--

30
'

Courtesy Goulds Pumps,.lnc•..

I 3-102
·~.
 ·.··.Paper Stqck Data.
. . ' " . i :
'

General Information-Pulp and Paper Industry*

Defin'itions of Com>nonlu [Jsed Terms:
~ . ' • v

Fiber(s): Cellulosic cell · structures erived from the origi-

nal plantlife source or fr m previously manufac-
tured paper products; normtlly considered as water
. insoluble. . . i
. . .

Pulp: .A composite. mixture. of cellplosic fibers constituting t

~
the basic material.used for PfPer making.

Stock: A designation of pulp (ftbers~ in process flow. In this

Section, the terms·· "stock" ~r "paper. stock". denote
I
I

pulp (fibers) and water mixt!• res or suspensions. This

usage exclude:s the.P.resence . ~ non-cellulosic materials
such as fillers or dissolved s hds. . · . · · . .·

Consistency: Equi. valent to the. t.erms ."s.Lspended solids" or "in- .

soluble solids." In . this Sfction, "consistency" is ·
defined. as the fiber or pul~ content expressed as a .
we1.· ght pe.rcentag.e. o.·f···. a pap. f·.r. .stock, pulp siurry, or
pulp cake (fiber-water mixtu· es). · . .· ·
' ' . . .
. . .

Oven Dry: Abbreviated as OD and signifying a moisture-free

. · condition. of pulp (fibers). · ·j·· ·. · · · . · ·· · .

·Air Dry: . Abbreviated as AD and denoting an assumed ·

moisture content of 10%~ o . a wet weight basis, for
a pulp {fibers).

·. ~~ :::: ~:~d: ~~ ::::: .· .. ·.

Tons Per Day: Pulp mill productio.· n.· ra··· te, expressed.· as . ~eneraHy
tons of OD or AD pulp per d y or 24 hours. The pro-
duction rate can be calculated as follows: . .
Short Tons of Pulp per Day
.. = (Stock Flow in US GPM) (C) (0.06)-

Where: C = sto.ck.. consi.ttency expressed as a

. . percentage . . . .
•. · . . 0.06 = derived co1stant · · ...
* Courtesy of DIPCO Divisicin. Ingersoll-Rand Comrany. Nashua. N.H. 03060. ·
. . . . ~103

' ' I •
 •'

IJ lngersoH·Dresser Pumps Cameron· Hvdraulic Data·.

. ~ . .

"·. - . --- . -' -·-- ---- --~-Notes~ (-1)-··:-Use-.OD-

. . .
.
consistency
. ' value to obtain. OD
pulp production rate.
Use AD consistenc\·. value to .obtain AD
·pulp production rat~.··.· · · . .
. (2) The equation constant, C, was derived by·
use. of \\·ater c}ensity value of 8.34 lb/U .S~
. gallon, the density·value at 55°F;therefore,
the: equation .is accurate. only at stock
· consistencies of 0.19C or less, · and at a
stock ten{peratl1re ,of 55°F. . · ·
Solutions of the production rate equation for a normal
. range of. stock flow;. and consistencies are. shown on ..
the chartoh page 3-109. : . . . . · ·
. Example: . What is the flow in us_ GPM of 5.0% OD ....
•. consistency stock equivalent to- a produc:- .
· ·. tion i·ate of 100 short tons of.OD pulp per .. ··.·

·day?·
Solutio~: ·.·. Loc~te 100 TPD val~e ~~ Y~axis andfollow .· .·
. horizontal lin~ until it i~tersects the 5.0CK .
-consistency· line .. · Fallo'\\· vertical: line from
. the point of intersection' to t~e X-axis and •..•
.
read 333 · US. GPM.. ·. as
····equivalent;
. .
. ... · the
~
stock flow

Cha~t ·.can be used for either 0 D or' AD · ..

. . .. .·
.

. ·.· · . "
·.·
. .. :
. :
.· .. · '. ..
.· .. .
'·

:.
·•
.~
.
.. . ·.:
'
}

Note:. . 6:
values but not for mixed values ....

ireight and Volume Relati~nships for Cellulose~ ;

Fiber-Water Suspensfons ·
·.l···· . ,•,'

··~
· The accomp~nyingTab_les(f, 2, 3.and 4)indic~te~\·eight and volume
· ····relationships for cellulose fiber-v.~ater_susperisions. : · .. · · ·
.

·1·· ·.:
.

The appropriate values given in Tables 2, 3 and 4 were calculated

·.··-..
to reflect stock density change with change· in pulp (fiber) content
of the stock. An equation, shown below, was derived to enable calcu-
lation of stock density at any give rt stock consistency.·
' . . .
·
l
Stock Density (lb/gal) = (8;34). + (3.33 x 9C cons.).
. : ·.··r····. '

Where: 8.34 · lb water in US Gal. @ 55 °F

3.33 = rate of change factor ..
9C Cons. = Ck· OD ~tock ·consistency, expressed as a decimal. ·

3-104
••···--. Paper Stock Data

Commonly required weight~volume r lationships are listed in

Tables 1, 2, 3 and 4 alorig \vith values calc lated using the equations
shown in Table 1. Constants used are:
(l) 1. = 2000 lb/short ton
388
1440 minutes/day
(2) 7.48 =*U.S. Gallons/Culfc Foot
(3) 8.34 = **lb/U.S. Gallon o water @ 55°F
(corresponding to 62.39 lb per
cu ft.)
In using the equations in.Table l·the.vah es for Column E should be
determined first, then proceed alphabetical y starting with Column B.
IJ
Table l.
~xplanation. of Equatior s Used
A=% O.D. consistency A Lb of C .D. fiber in 100 lbs of stock.
%0. , . cons. ·

B = 1.388 B
Gal of 1 tock per min per ton of 0.0.
E fiber per 24 hours

C =Ex 7.48 c Lb of C .0. fiber in 1 cu ft of.stock

1 1
D= =- D Cu ft of stock having 1 lb of 0.0. fiber
Ex 7.48. c

. A •' '

E=-XL E Lb of c .o: fiber in 1 gal of stock

100 '

1 1
F= =- F Gal of ,tock having 1 lb of 0.0. fiber
A E
100 x L .

G = . 1.388 = 1.388 G
Cu ft o stock per min per fon of
· Ex 7.48 .C 0.0. iber per 24 hours

1.388 x L Lb of s1ock per min per ton of

H= .E H · 0.0. 'fiber per 24 hours

100
·l=--1 I Lb of~ Jater per lb of. 0.D. fiber
A
.
J = 1100
A
- 1 l, x _1_ = -'-
8.34 8.34
J Gal of ;water per lb of 0.0. fiber

K=
.
11 00
A
_ 1 l x 2000
8.34
'
= I x 2000
.8.34 '
K Gal of ~ate~ per ton of 0.0. fiber
L 8.34 + , 3.33 x ~
100
l L Lb totJI wt per gal of stock

3-105
 Cl:)
I
.......
~
Table 2-Weight and. Volume Re_lationships for Cellulose flber.,water Suspen~ions
Based on oven dry (00) fiber
. .· . . . .

Range 0.000% .10. L60%

~ . .

--~·

:;··
·°lo Cons
------1.
. Gal ol stock
per min per . . . Cu It <>I
Cu It of slock
per min per
· Lbs of stock
per min per
..._UI .
. ft>•.
1

-.
· .Lb of 00. 1· .
Lb ol OD ton of OD ·stock. having Lbs of OD Gal ol sfock tcin or OD ton of OD... Lbs o_rwater ·Gal of waler Gal of waler Lb total wt
.· ln
liber in 100 fiber per 24. liber in 1 cu • 1 lb of OD fiber in 1 .· having 1 lb · fiber per .24 fiberper24 per lb of OD · per .lb of OD per ton ol · per gal 01.·· .. 0
•fb of slock . hours ft of stock. fiber gal of stock · · oi OD fiber .· .. hours hours · fiber fiber. OD fiber stock
.
. II

.000 ':E u
330.5 0.0314 31.9 .0042 .. .· 238. 44.2. 2757 1999. 240 479377 8 34 . CD
0.05
-·
CD
0.10
0.20
•, 0.30
·0.40
173'5 .
• 83.t .
. 55.5
41 6
··. 0.0598
. 0.127.
0 187
0.247
• 16.9
7.87
5.35
4.P5
.008 ..
. ,017
.025 ..
·· .. 033'.
125 .•.
58.a·
· .4o.o.
3().3
. 10.9
232

< 7.42
5.62
.•·
1447
682 .
464 ' /
351 ·.
. 999
'499
332
249
120·
. 598
.·. 39.8
29.9.
. 239568
I t9664
79617
59713 .
· B 34
8.35
8.35
8.35"
--
co.··,
. :::r
<
I
....
"'
flt .
CT>
,,c: .
0
. 50. 33.2 . . 0.313 3.20 .042 '23.9 ·.· · .4A4 . 2.78 199 . 23.9 47722 8 36 C.
3·· I
',-a
.55 . 30.2 . 0.344 .2.91 .· .. 046 .. 21.8 '4.04.. 253 181· 43406 6.36 (1) . :
... 19.9 •. .IA
.60 2.7.7 . ·. 0.375 . 2.67. .050 19.9 3.70 .. 231 166 39808 ', 836 .
2.46. .·.054
::D
.· (1)
.65 . 256 0.406 . "18.4 . 3.42 . 2.14 .. 153 18 J 36691 8 36
.70
.75

.80.
. 23.7
22.1

20.7 .
. 0.436
..0.469 .•

. 0.500
. 2.29
. 2.13.

2.00.
..05a··
.. 0627

.067• .
' l7.1 ·...
16.ci .

15.0
311 ..
. 3.00.

2.7.7
.198
,185

.. 174
. 142
132

124 ..·
17.1
15.9

14.9.
34053
31655

29736
8.36
8.36

837 •
-·
D>
o•
::s
(/) .
·~

s
(')

CD
..85.
.90
19.5
18.4
·. 0.532"
0.563
1.88
1.78 .
.07.11.
·...0753 .
14:1
13.3
2.61 .
2.47 ..
. 163
.154
117 .
110
14.0
• 13.2
28058
26379
.. 8.37'
8 37 .
,,-· :T '"i
0
.95 17.5 0.595 1.66 .0795. 12.6 2.34 '• 146 . 104. : 12.5 . 24940. 8.37
tD ~
1.00 16.6 0.626 1.60 .0837 12.0 .. '2'22 139 99 11.9 23741 8.,37. ~·
. ·"'-<
·.··.~
1.10 15.1 0.689 . 1.45 .0922 10.9 2.01 · 126. 90 10.8 21583 . 8.38
1.20 13.8 . 0.751, ·. 1.33 .. .1006. 9~95 1.85 .116 82.3· . :s.01 19736 . ·. 8.38
. 12.8 0.614 1.23 .109 .9.18 .1.70 ~-. 107 .· 75.9 . 9.10 18202 6.38
1.30
.117 8.53 ·. 1.58 . .99.2 70.4 .8.45 .1688"3 8.38 .·
. 1--'
i:::
. 1.40 tt.8 0877 .L14 ..........
1.50 . 11 0 . ·0.941 .. . 1.06 ;126 .. 7.95 1.4~ 92.5. 65.7. 7.87 15756 8 39 (j

.- Basis 1..Ls: Gallons;

"
,
~
u
•• Basis temperature of approximately 55~F. · ·,....;.
.. ~

~
. "
!
. . ·.. .• ·.· ': .:.. . . . - . . .. . - .·

,: :~:... ·";,·~~·{ti'"':.~'t"~·~...- ~":,)'~ ':;-~-Ji~r~Y'~/ i.:Af:'~~1;;:;;~... • ·:·~~·i..~~~~·1 · .:· th>.,:'.. . -~·· :~, ........ ~. • • !

I , _:_ ......;-. - · . . ·. . . ..· -

.. ·--···-,·~ ·-.·-.--.
·-. ·~· ... ~ ..- . - . - - · • . . , __ .. . - '. . . . - - ::-:~ . . . . . . . ·. . . ' . . . ·.·

,~~IA-"~,_. f't•.,~ .. ~f""'~i·f'~'f"'9't4'.~~},_'"·'l4'f~l,..:r,el\~ifltt'l,l,e . . . l .

•::.•,:~~'.~ ~ :9_,~~ ·~~-, !t "-Jt ·' ·'--'-! ,_!~! ,J ·~'-;~·-' _,___, ! ' . ,~ '·-'·'·-' .,, .! {!.-.·! .:! ~--~ -~ ! ~-:! !..• ~
'

'

Table 3-Weight and Volume .Relationships for Cellulose Fiber-water Suspensions

. .

Based on oven dry (OD)_ fiber · Range 1.60% to 5.00%

% Cons Gal al stock Cu II of stock Lb of stock

per mm per Cu fl ol per mm per· per min per·
ton of OD Lbs ol OD stock having Lbs of OD Gal ol stock ton of OD ton of OD Lb ol water Gal ol water Gal ol waler Lb total wt·
Lb of OD
fiber per 24 per lb of OD per lb.of OD per ton ol per gal of
~
fiber in 100 fiber per 24 fiber 1n 1 cu 1 lb ol OD fiber in 1 having 1 lb fiber per 24
fiber OD fiber stock
galol stock of OD fiber hours hours fiber m
lb of stock hours It of stock fiber
-·
I GO
1.70
Ill :i
9 73
I 00:18
I 0666
0 !l!l6
0938
.134.
.143
.. 151.
7 45
·. 7 01
6.62
I 38
130
1.23
86 7
81 7
.· 77.1
615
' .57.8
.54;6
, 31
6 93
6.54
t"74H
13861
13094
8 39
8 39
8.40 <-
lQ
::r
I

1.80
1.90
9 19
8.70
1 130
1.193
0.885
0.838
0.796
.160
.168
6.27
. 5.95
1.16
1.10
73.1.
69.4
51.6
49.0
6.19
5.88
12374
11751
8.40
8.40
·.O
-c
2.00 8.26 1 256
3
. (1)
1 383 0 723 .. 185 5.41 . 1 00 63.2 . 44.5 5.33 10672 8 41
2.20 7 51 :::0
4.88 9760 8.42
0.662 .. 4:95 0.919 57.9 40.7 m
2.40
2 60
·-
6.88
634
1.510
1.637 0.611
.202
.219 4.57 ·. 0.848 53.4 37.5 4.49 8993 8.42
. 8 43
-
m
5 88 1.765 0.567 .236 4.24 0.787 49 6 34.7 4.16 8321 ~
2 80
~

-·--
3.25
-- CAO

5.06
Ul92
2.05
CL528.
0.487
.253.
.274
3.95
3.65
0.733
0.676
46 3
42.7
32.3
29.8
3.88
3 57
7746
7146
8 44
8.44 -en
0

3.50 4.69 2.21 0.452 .296 3.38 0.628 39.7 27.6 3.31 6619 8.45 -·en::r
"C ~
-~
. 3.15 . 0.585 37.0 . 25.7 3.08 6163 8.46
3.75 4.38 2.37 0.422 .317 .·""O I
2 53 0.395: .339 2 95 0 548 34.7 24.0 2.88 5755 847 ~
4 00 4.10
0 371 .360 2.78 0.515 32.7 22.5 2.70 5396 8.48 ~
4 25 3.85 2.69
0.350 .382 2.62 0.486 30.9 21.2 2.54 5084 848 '(fJ
4.50 3.64 2 85 ,.....
.403 2;48 0.460 29.2 20.1 . 2.40 4820 8.49
0
4.75 3 44 3.02 0.332 ('j
5.00 3.27 3.18 0.315 .425 2.35 . 0.437 27.8 19.0 2.28 4556 8.50 ~

ei;,
II
: u
~
....... ·. r-+-
0 $).)
-;1 I

- II
c.:i
.....
0
I

00
% Cons Gal of stock
·.:

Based on oven dry (00) fiber

.

·Table 4-Weight and Volume Relationships for Cellulose Fiber-water Suspensions

·... . . .· .

Cu It ol sfock
.

Lb of siock
.· . . _·.

· Range 5%-30% consistency -·-

'-/
:I
I

"'.
per min per Cu fl of per min per 'per min per
;
Lb of OD ton of OD Lb of OD stock having Lbs ol OD Gal of stock : ton of OD ton ofOD .·. Lb ol water Gal of water Gal oi water Lb total. wt
fiber in 100 fiber per 24 fiber in 1 cu 1 lb of.OD fiber iri 1 having.1 lb fiber per 24 fiber per 24 · per lb of OD per.lb of OD per ton of per gal of G
lb ol stock hours ftol stock fiber gal of stock of OD fiber hours hours · fiber '·. - fiber OD fiber stock

-.-"'.
- '"

-
5.00 3.27 .·3.18 . 0.315. 0.425· - 2.35 . 0.437 27.8 - -· 19.0._ 2.28 4558 8.50 0
:. 5.25 3.11 3.34 ._.- 0:299 0.447 2.24 . 0.416 26.5 18.1 2.16 ,. 4341 8.51
5.50 2.97 3.50 ·. 0.286 - 0.468 - 2.14 0~396 . 25.3 - 17.2 -- 2.08 4125 8.52
5.75 2.83 3.67 . 0.273 0~490 2.04 . 0.379 24.2 16.4 1.97 3933 8:53 -~-

6.00 2.71 3.83 0.261 0.512 . - 1.95- 0.363 23 . f . 15.7 1.88 3765 8.53 ·==
CD ...cl
-- ,,.
--
6.25. 2.60 - 3.99 ·.. 0.251 . 0.534 ·.· l.87 0.348 22:2 .· 15.0 - 1.80 3597 8.54
·. 0.241'
IC Vt
6.50 2.50 - • 4.16 -0;556 1.80 . - 0.334.• ·. 21.4 . 14.4 1.72 3453 8.55
6.75 2.40 4.32 0.232. 0.577 1.73 .- - 0.321
. -.
20.6 13;8 · 1:66 3309 8.56
::t ct
7.00 2.32 •4.48. 0.223' . 0.599 ·,_ 1.67 . 0.310 19.8 13.3 1.59 3189 . 8.57 ' .(:'.- _.
. 0 .
7.25
7.50
·. 2.23
- 2.16
4.65.
. 4.81 .
0.215
_. 0.208
·.0.621
·- 0.644
1.61
- 1.55
0.299
.0.288 .··
19,2.
18.5
· 12.9-· -
12.3
1.53 -
1.48
3070
2950 -
8.57
8.58 c c
7.75 ·- 2.09 4.98 ·. -_ 0.201 -- 0.666 _ ·1.50 0.279 11.9 -. 11.9 1.43 2854 8.59 3 i··
8.00 2.02 5.14 -. ·. 0.194 . 0.688
0.732 .·
1.45 .
1.37 ·.·.
1·
0.270 17.4 11.5
10.8 .
1.38- 2758 8.60 Cl> -a
8.50

900
1.90

1.79 ..
5.48

5.8.1
.. 6.14
0.183

.· 0.172. 0.777 L29

0.253

0.239
16.3

15.4 10.1
- 1.29.

1.21
2590 -

2422
8.62

8.63
:0
<D
"'
.9.50
10.00
10.50
1.69
1.60
·.· _ 1.52
6.46
6.82 - .
- -0.163
0.154
-. 0.147 -
-- 0.821 ..
. 0.866
0;912
•·. 1.22 -
1.15
- _1.10 -
0.226
: 0.214
0.204.
14.6
13.9
13.2
9.53
9.oo. -
8.52·.•
1.14
1.08
', ·.- 1.02
2285
2158
2043
8.65
. 8.67
8.68
ii)
=t· -n--
·-~
()
11:00 1.45 7.16 0.140 0.957 ·.

f.oo
1.05 0.194. 12.6 8.09 . - 0.970 1940. 8.76
:I
en< s
. 7.50 0.998' 0.185" 12.1 . 0.923 1847
,..,
('t)
·-·c:r
11.50 1.39 0.133 7.70 ·.· 8.72
12.00 1.33 7.84 0.128. 1.05 0.954 . 0;177 11,6 . 7.33 0:879 1758 8.74
i 13 1.22 8.53' 0.117 1.14 0.877. 0.163 10.7 6.69 0.802 1604 8.77
(/)
0
14 1.13 -· 9.22 0.109 1,23 - 0.812 ·. . 0.151 9,92 6.14. - 0.737 1472 8.86 ··-~
. 15
16
'• 1.05
0.978
- ~Q?.

10.6
0.101
-- 0.0942
1.33
• 1.42
. 0.754
-· .• _ 0.704
0.140
- 0:131
9.25
8.68
8.17.
5.67
5.25
·. 4.88
0.680
0.630
"
1360
1259 '
8:84
. 8.88 ::c
·. ·-<·
17 0.917 11.3 0.0883 .. 1.51 . 0.661 0:123 o:sa5 1170 .8.91 . _o,..- -
·- 18 0.862 no -_·· 0.0831 1.61 0:621 0.115 7.72 4.56- ·. . 0.546' . 1094 .· 8.95 ,..,
19 0.814 - 12.8 . 0.0784 1.71 ·-0.586 0.109. 7.31 4.26 _·. 0.511 1022 8.98
~
- 13 5 00741 1 80 6 103 6 94 4.00 0 480 959 2 . 9 02 ··~
20 0.770 0.555
22 0.694 15.0 - 0.06&8 2.00 0.500 0.0928 6.31 3.55. 0.425 851.3 . 9.09 ..........
1---'

24 0.631 16.5_ 0.0608 2.20 - 0.455 -·o.0843 5.78 3.17 0.300 760.2 9.17 0
26 0.578 18.0 - 0.0557 . 2.40 . 0.416 0.0772 5.34 2.85 - 0.341 683.5 9.25
28 0.532 19.5 0.0512 2.61 0~383 0:0111
-·
4.96 2.57 0.308 616.3 9.32 t:1
p.j
30 0.492 21.1 Ci.o474 2.82 ' 0.355 Ci.0658 4.63 - 2.33 0.280 558.8 9.40 r-t-
PJ

-~~-•~or
-~1"'
.'Jt:uslij~,W;i-~f·Vii;•?''ifJ~~~i(~~~iff
__;.~~- ·'~Pli'\~1 .. , :1. . • -" : '_·.~·
\U~{fjt}~~ -.#l ·pi:c_·•_ '.·""lit~'--
i; .
., " ..-~,?''
.1/l. . ·:!'lt·tr.i1"1
.
· · ! "-'
·•• 1:H.r :·· ;1 .. ••

.. ·- ·-- -.----· -.·------ . .

··- ·-. ·------· _
.
.
__..:...
..
·- -'--
. .
-----~ -·.--·-· _·_._ ..... .

._..,••• .,d ..•••• ,.... • _..,.,..,,.~,~·~•At i.'it~.tt.

•••.. ,
Paper Stock Data
• ·<

••=
•..
Pulp and Paper D ta . . .

Relationship of Pulp Production Rate to Stock Flow

- .

,
At Various Stock Consist~ncies ·. · · ·
•:) {Tons of Pulp per 24 Hours Vers · s U.S. G.P.M.)
••···,•c·! i
>
0
zw
PERCENT STOCK CONSIST

~
•01'
....
en
.,.....

-ezn C\I

~
•-;
•:··; It)
(\j
0
~
II
(')
(.)

•".:) ~ ~

•. ~
(.) "It
0
ti "'co .

•i0 ~
.) :)

• I~.!I
....z ,.....
w co
(.)
a: O'0>
w ....
0.
~·

•') .
80.,..... ·z.
•.;:
•i-; §
-:E
a:
./).
§ LI.I
A.
.
..,
~ Ul
.;;\
....cc

.•7
•)
.))
(··
;f
.~ <.:..
~ ::i
. Ul

§ ~
I
•) 0
....LL.
.).)·~ i
s6S ~

•.
(.)
0
)
.... .
en
~; a
R
g
·~~· ~
0
"It

88888
Qa>CO ,..... w
It)
8 8
"1:2"
8
('j
8
C\I
gggR
-
g 2rI ~ . g
TONS OF PULP PER 24 HOURS
~
-
0

Note: Use OD'*· Consistency with Tons of OD Pulp.

Use AD CH Consistency with Tons of AD Pulp.

3-109
 . .

lngersOH·Dresser Pumps.· .· CameronHydrauliC Data

·. Friction of.W a:ter ·
·Head Losses Through Valves and· Fittings•. · .
Head losses (hr) through valves, fittings, sudden contractions and. enlarge-
ments, entrance and exit losss can be expressed in terms of the velocity
·head (V 2/2g) by using the applicable resistance coefficient (K) in the equations:
- K .v2 = K(O.Ol55)Vz = K (0.00259)gpm2 ..
hr 2g . ..· ... ·. . . . d4 .
· Select applicable (K} Jro.m .tables 011 pages· 3-111to.3-117; select (V) for
average velocity in pipe of diameter required· to accommodate fitting; see ·
examples on page 3-119. . ·..·. . · ·.. · • ·. . · ... · · ·•. . · ..· .· · · · · . ·•· , . · ..
. A second methodof expressing head losses (h,)through valves and fittings .
· etc. is in terms of the equivalent ·length of straight pipe that will produce
. the.same loss.as.calculated·by theDarcy-Weisba,ch equation for straight.pipe.
(See table on page 3-120). · · · · · · · · ·· ·
. The applicable equations are: .. :J..
·~
. . . . (. . L ·).·. y2 K f .!:_ . L . KD <
.
ht - fD
' -2···
:
·
.•.
. g . .... ;.
. D.· · ' .
.. .
·f · '
. · . · · ..

,'
:

;:.,
·1 ·

~· I It ·
where .. · . · . · . . ·
. D = pipe diameter feet
· .
···.. d =pipe diameter-·· inches · .· . .· · .·. . ·...
in ·.. • ·. . · ·...·
. · ·. •. · · · .· .
· · ·.· · · .·· ·. ·.. · · .· ·.· . ·. ·.. ···· ·. ·.· ·.· ·• .· · ·
.. . · . .
-~. I .
C·.·,
·.· f = friction factor (from chart; Page 3-11) for zone of complete turbulence. & ··
· g ;_gravitational constant-. 32.174 ft/se(! 2 .•. · · · . ·· ·. . .. · .·. • •· ..•.·. . . · ... ·. · .~ •
hr~ head lossin feet of liquid . . . ·. ·..· ·: . . ·• •·· · .· . ·. · . · ·......· . .··
K ·. resistance coefficient (from tables ondpages :1-111to3-120) is based on
.. , ·
1. l . ·. · . · . ;
1·:·.
testdata,or extrapolated from test·· .ata;and.depends on design.size :~ i
·. and type of fitting. .· · ·. · · · . . .·· .· ··. ·.· ·..· ·•· · · . · .· .· · · ·. · · .. . . . · · .· ·• ~ ;
L =friction loss in pipe fittingsin terms of equivalent l~ngth in .feet of .;.-: (f
. • · straight pipe (See. table page 3:..120).: · ........... ·:· •· · • .· · . . . > · . . . •. . •. . ··.· ·~ . ··c.
, .....
. V = average velocity in pipe of diameter required to accolllmodate fitting- .J · ·
·· Fr0Jll~~e~b9ve onedm sol.ve foJ. (L) and UD ratfousing the value of. K ·
from the tables and selecting·ffor the zone of complete turbulence.. · ···
l'·i · ·1·• ·
· . A third method of expressing head losses, Particularly for control val'Ves, · · .~ ... ' '.~•
is ,in terms .of a flow coefficient C,.. This is defined as the flow of liquid at ·~ . .
60°F in gallons per minute at a pressure drop of one pound per square inch "ft.._·; a .
·. across the valve. The relationship of C\. arid K is shown by the following .If!' v
formulas. · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · ·· · · · · · ...;; ..·1... ·.
.. . .
· · · ··
·. C,. = .
•· . 29.9 x d 2
.
· .· · • ·· .· .
and K · •
. s94 x
.. ·
a-i ·.
. . . · . .
i
·:t" .· ...........
.. . . .. <. ·.·.... . .. . . v'i{ . . . . ·. (C\')2 .. ·.. · .· ...• • ~ . ....,
.The tables on pages 3-111 to3-119 list K values for schedule .!Q pipe in sizes up · ,! , . ., 1
..

to and including 24 11 . and are based on flows for complete turbulence. · . '\if 1 •
w~
.6-.
1
Since the K valuesbetween pipe sizes are dose, it is reasonable to inter- ·
polate between sizes.·.ifthey do not co. rrespond to schedul. e 40 diameters ..· · . ·fl 1

For K values for pipes larger than 24" it is .suggested that the 24" value be . :f I . 1··
. usT~·e above text and tables on pages 3-111 to 3-120are basedon material in.
Crane Co. Technical Paper No. 410*. Reference to this paper is suggested for
more complete review of this subject. ·· · · · · ·
. J \ · ·. · '
.,~~
.
... l
* It should
be note.d · th~t
there is considerable variati~n •in published values of r~- ..· · . ·~i . ... •.
J;. . lI ..ii_
sistance coefficient K for different valves and fittings. ·.
3-110. ·. . . . -- . . . ·. . -
.. . .
. .. ----llL__f
.. ... . .· .
~···········,··•·•=! ................ . . . . .-."41..,........
~-~l ~·~:i"':.:~ ,,,,_~.......~ ~..:\......_~. ,. "',;~\: ··~"' -~ ·-·~ ,;. ; , ' ~<' \:<t~ ~
~---·'"- ~ .....·.....:--~·' --~~ :;~~~:-.;~ ~.;_J-·~"-·-"·':---1..""-!~ · ·:·\."~·~. ,.;.../":" ·~~.~." v.i/i ·"'<~~ ·....,~; .... ~) ~! :.,: •./"' ~lt--·:·l·,,,··
~· ~.:~).: "''.s-1"" ·~~•..}
~ ;j .. · ' ·--~·
_) _.· -~;~~ ~~··._.
..) ) ., ' ..
Note: Fittings are standard with full open~ngs.

Nominal pipe size.

Vi ¥.c ·I 1 1V4. Ph 2 2'h-3 4 6 8-10 I 12,-16 I 18-24

.. Fitting . LID K value l:J

Cl

1 'j.
~- . , . _
Gate Valves

·~!.
8 0.22 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.15. 0.15 I 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10

-
en
en·
t:ll
:J
n
Cl: ::t' ,,
-
..;....:_
I _ .::J,..i..
.. n n-· "'I
-·
0
Globe Valves 340 9.2 8.5 . 7.6 7.5 7.1 6.5 I 6 I 5.A 5.1 . 4.8 4.4 4.1
CD
:t -· g .
-0 n
:J
-·
ff
ar b"a
.t.~ ·~ - =~
:I

~
....~-- .-·. -- . ' 55 1.48
1.46 I 1.38
l.;JtJ 1.27
l.ir!/ 1.21
l.ir!I 1.16
l.l'tl 1.05
1.V;;J I ·u·""
0.99 0.94
"·"'.. 0.83
v.u..
0.77
"'"
0.72
"··-
0.66
-·--
.C
ti
.••
"
:;-"'
:J
ii
-
....
0
~ 1-:t"j
'"1
(=;.

~
. ~/ . . Cl g c.
J<.:a,,_
- ......
..0~ ;;
,.. ::s·
e o
I='
r; - =--c:--1--~i--.-~
w :::J Cl>
ca a. ~
Angle Valves 150 4.05 I 3.75 3As a:30 3.1s 2.e5 2.10 2.55 2.25 2.10 1.9s 1.ao
....:::r .........
II tn ~
r-1'
~~· ...,I<
" ('t)
loo;I
J~:·t'
CO ,_.

3 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.!)7 0.06 0.06 I o.os 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04
·-· ~
""".
'""O
Ball Valves ('t)

~
1)1:, """"
r-1' .
~
,_. ~
pd. " r-t-
'"""
~
.
:::~~~----~~~----~----....L~--.....J------..L---~..L-~~..L...~~...;.&_~~-'-----.......,.~:---'----'--~__,_--~~~~~-~ ~
Calculated from data i11 Crane Co Technical Paper No. 410. rJJ

.11
 Note: Fittings are standard with full openings.

-
C\j Nominal pipe size ·
I
I-'
I-'
Nl 1/2 :v.. l 1 1% 11/2 2 2V2-3 4 6 8-10 12-16 18-24
:I
U)
..
. Fitting uo K value
Cl
0.81 0.77. 0.68. 0.63 0.35 0.30
ii
-•
0.86
Butterfly.Valve
:D 0
_J µ1,..
. CD
!.
-1nr
d

- .,,.... .,,
"'m
:I .
"Cl"'
I· n
-· ....
.."'.,,
0.49 0.45 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.27. 0.25 0.23 0.22
Plug Valve straightway 18 CD
I 0 -·
CD
'
:.r.
_..i;· .·
.. ,
n
0
GI
:::::
-·
-0 -0-·
::I 0
::I
- r
;
I

.-i..r !?.
~
o a, c:
~ .·~ ~
en
.,.,
I
- -· ... "'
0.81 . 0.75 0.69 0.66 ·. 0.63. 0.57 0.54 .· 0.5.1 0.45 0.42 0.39 0.36
Plug Valv(! 3-way thru·flo 30
c en Cif · .·

~··· "'..... 0
ftl ::I
. :I ~ 0 c-1
.
- :::s·
"'O ~

s
.
.
'i 0
... C'D .::::!:.
' :s
-
. .
. -
. . ·. 3 .,, t: ("Cl

cttJ.
i

Plug Valve branch·flo 90 2.43 2.25 2.07 1.981

i
1.89 1.71 ·1.62 1.53 1.35 .. .. 1.26 1.17 1.08
-mc
.....:I"
-· -·
::t '"'
Q.
~
>-i
0
::I
ca =:!
··o=.
I
II
- ~
en
.
I ~
"'I<..
·--.
co
I
Standard elbow
.
90" 30 O.IP 0.75 . 0.69 0.66/ .0.63 .. 0.57 0.54 0.51 0.45 .Q.42 0.39 I
0.36 °""
)!ooof.
·~

~
i· o.3sl 0.34 .0.30 0.29 0;27 0:24 0.22 . ·.. 0.21 0.19 ........
1--'
"
45• 16 . 0.43 0.40 0.37· I

a
. ('"'.)•

(, I .·
long 0.22 0.21 0.19
radius 16 0.43 0.40 . 0.37 o.3sl 0.34 . 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.24
t:1
90" ~·
I
I
~
Calculated from data in Crane Co., Technical Paper No'. 410 .

..
;...,,,
~
, .
,,~·, ·i;
' IV* P, •, , • , ,. •
._!!~_,:t~-.:c!~!_!~:t,·!!f-!,f.1--!!?~!J.,~!,,~!,,~!l~-!!••~·!•~~·~
.. !I
Note: Fittings are standard with full openings. I
I Nominal pipe size

Type of
1/2 3/4 1 · I 1Y4 1'i2 2 I 2Y2-3 I 4 6 8-10 I 12-16 I 18-24
Fitting bend uo K.value
Close Return Bend 50 1.35 I t.25 I 1.1s I uo f t.05 I 0.95 0.90 0.85 I 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
%1
{;\ (!)
!.
!!?.
m
Standard Tee lhru flo I 20 0.54 0.50 I 0.46 0.44 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.34. 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.24 ::J
(") ....
.,,

o· .., .,,
-
lhru branch I 60 1.62 1.50 I 1.38 1.32 1.26 1.14 1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78
..I L 0 72 CD
n ::::!: c=r

90" Bends. Pipe bends, flanged

elbows, butt welded elbows I
rid • 1
rid 2
20
12
0.54
0.32
0.50
0.30
0.46
0.28
0.44
0.26
0.42
· 0.25
0.38
0.23
0.36
0.22
0.34
0.20
0.30 0.28
0.18 , .---0.17)
0.26
0.16
0.24
0.14
. -2:
0
!!. :::s

3.
0

b
g: 9..
()"
:::s

rid - 3 12 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 · 0.20 0.16 0.17 0.16 · 0.14 " CD ~
- - en m·
,,,,... rfd = 4 14 0.38 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.27
.
0.25 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.17 c
(0 -· ...ar ~
rid= 6 17 0.46 0.43 0.39 0.37 0.36 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.26 0.24 0.22 0.20 (!) :::S
f )o-1 •

I ,-<:~ .!
d rid =
rid "'10
rid = 12
8 24
30
34
0.65 .
0.81
0.92
0.60
0.75
0.65
0.55
0.69
0.78
0.53
0.66
0.75
0.50
0.63
0.71
0.46
0.57
0.65
0.43
0.54
0.61
0.41
0.51
0.58
0.36
0.45 .
0.51
0.34
0.42
0.48 .
0.31
0.39
0.44
0.29
0.36
0.41
-
:;·
. !:!
3
'.!!
~
CD
.,,
('")

0
~
"" .
"'r-t-

• I ,__:;.,,. r/d - f4.

r/d = 16
· 31.:i
42
f: 03
1.13
U.::7'1

1.05
U.O/

0.97
~
• •'I

0.92
U.OU

0.88
1H2
•

0.80
u.......
- --
. 0.76
i},:ti5

0.71
- --
..,,.,

0.63
"'v---
0.59
r... ""~
u. · -

0.55
"_,4 6

0.50
!:.,
I»
::J"
=
-· '
:r
I

46 1.24 1.06 1.01

. 0.97
. 0.87
. 0.83
.0.78 0.69 0.64 a.so 0.55
~ cen ~
r-t-
rid= 18
rid =·20 50 1.35
1.15
1.25 1.15 1.10 · 1.05 0.95 0.90 0.85 0.75 0.70 0.65 0.60
II
;JI\ .,
("O

Mitre Bends a = 0° 2 o.o5 o.os. . o:o5 o.04 o.04 o.04. o.o4. o.03 o.03 o.o3 o.o3 0.02 li 1-$ . I
i-o
a .. 15° 4 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.08 O~OB 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 ~. ......
!--- d---oo1
---,
\ d a "'30" 0.22 0.20 I 0.18 · 0.18 0.17 I 0.15 0.14 . 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10
~
ct>
~"'- )- a = 45° I 15 0.41 0.38 I 0.35 0.33 .32 I 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.23 0.21 0.20 0.18 ~
Jo-I.
r-t-
n = 60° I 25 0.68 0.63 .1 0.58 0.55 0.53 I 0.48 ·0.45 0.43 0.38 0.35 0.33 0.30 r-t- .
Cl.'> Jo-I.
I
I-' n = 75• I 40 1.09 1.00 I 0.92 0.88 0.84 I o 76 .0.72 0.68 0.60 0.56 Q.52 0.48
~
......
Cl.'> a= 90° I 60 1.62 1.50 I 1.38 1.32 .1.26 I 1.14 .1.08 1.02 0.90 0.84 0.78 0.72 ~
m
Calculated from data 1in Crane Co. Technical Paper No, 410.

•
 --
. . . . .

Note: Fittings are standard with full port openings. ·

<:..:>
.....
I

.....
.s.:..·
Minimum velocity for
full disc lil.t
Nominal. pipe size ·'1.J
··.Fitting . 1 ty,. 1 112 2 I 2Y2-3 I . 4 6 8;..10 12-16 1a...:24
atop.Check . general ·water · Y2 I ,v, :;

.
. valves

··.··

·~(ta
~
LID
400
It/sect·
s.5w
IVsec·

6.96 I 10.8 110 9.2 8.8 8.4

. K value·
·1.5 I 7.2 I 6.8 6.0 5..6 5.2 ·. 4.8 .
:El
C'D
..
UI
CD
;
ii
CIJ

.
.
~·i_.
~
. •u,.
.
. . -·
0
I»
. ::> ·'
0
,,
::::!~
n ..,
"Tl
w.
Cl)
,.. -·
·. 'tt.r~.·. ·..
200 ·I 75 . 9.49 I . 5A l s 4.6. I .4.4 [. 4.2. I a.a I · 3.6 ·. I .. 3.4 . I 3.o I .2.a. ·· 2.6 2.4 0
o.
-·
Cl)
:::::
-·
0
-· .n
0 ~
:::J
r-
0
:I ..,,"'
"'
CD

l·:·tw -
CD 0 0
c:
-
::> en
en -c:::
,i; CD.· <
.. I
350 I. 60 .JV . 1.s9 1 s.5 , a.a r 0.1 1 1.1 1 1.~4 1. s.1 1 s.3 i 6.o 1 s.3 1.. ·4 s 4.6 42
cen·
., D> ·
IA .

-· . CD.
:J ..,
-a·
·.en ..
Cl) ..-.,
- "'CJ (")
. ::> -· 0
- "C. ::s ()
O CD ·~·

I 300. - I 60Vv
. . .. I. 1:59 I _6.1 I 7.5
·1 6.9· 1 6.6 I 6.3..
I 5.7. I 5.4
. .IH5.1 I 4.5
I... 4.2 I .3.9 . . ..3
. I. 3.6 . ,, i§'
~.·. = sto
···.···~······
::T ;· 8 1-1
0
11 ·~ .:;:_j .

"'
·~f "5
·.~
'-< .·
. p...
. J ss I140 w .J 11.1 L1'.s< I JA .J I J I 't.1 11.o 1.3 1;2 1.2 t . :s4 I .ea I · .n I .12 I .66 - .· 1-1
~

:#L·~·......x..
•••.u~.
...,,,,,,....~. . . ,.
·.
~
_...
..........
(j
. .I

·· ..
u
~
Cal~ulated fr~m data in Crane Co. Tectinic13I Pape~ No. 410. .. . . _ . .
.~ These K values for !low giving full disc lift. I( values are. higher for low flows giving
t In these formulas. v. Is specific.votume-ft'/lb•. · ·· ·· ·
partial disc lift
· · · ·
··S'
· ·1~·1Mi'~~..;{~...~~1t11~~.-1A:.t.~-.~~!· :',..;..',: '"'' ...·. ,, ~·:.il'i:.,~;1,....;.;,.;~,.,,..;""""'i~.,:.
'!!Yi'~~\{-.-~ . . ·
...,.,,y 4;"'· :
'~T~~·~".' 1t>•..,1l<t«'le:i~·· -"""·· ·
. . . •
:1M . .-' :t•.-~.. ·...
--:
.. ';::t.1: ~
11 µ f
·-~· :"i: ·.-.. ~ '• ··: ~: ..

...........-.~•--•9'-t.....~•..._..,,A•#-'lt,A1,t.~•.-.~•·,l'··
~}f~~~:f~~_,,~.,~~~~,,,,!!J,,1.1.~!'cl''''·''l!l.f~l~!f,,,!l~~!!~lt!, •.
i Note: Fittings are standard with full port openings •. ·

Minimum velocity for · 1·. .Nominal pipe size·

. ·. full disc lift .
'h ·
II ¥4
I ·.1 .. I 1V.c I 1112 · I. 2 I2V2..;3 I · ·4 I 6 II 8 12-16 I 18-24
general water. 1--~__J.~~-'-~~-'-'"----l1...--~-'-~~...._~~-'-~~-'-----:-~-'-~

Fitting LID IUsect···., It/sec K value•

Swing chec·k 100 35 vV :· 4.43· 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 I 2.1 I 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2

-<1) valve
:::D
CD.

·'".1 - • ~~
.. . 50 48 v'V 6.08 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 I 1.1 I· 1.0 0.9 0.9 .75 .70 .65 .6 "'~-·
o.>
N.-'1 :J
n ,, -n

~
.
Lilt check
valve

.
600 40../V 5.06 I 16.2 15 13.8 13.2 I 12.6 I 11.4 10.8. 10.2 9.0 8.4 7.8 7.2 CD
n
0
t'D
::t
Ci"
--
:!. ::!.
n
c;· 5·
:J ::J
r- 0
n

·~ ~-~"'
t-
t-
~ .A-
~
.
.
.
.
.
.

55 140 Vv 17.7 'I 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 ·1 ·1.2 I u · 1.0. . .94 .83 .77. .72 .66 - -···
-....
Cii"
::I
;1111:

c. :I (D ,.....
0en -
en m:E·
·-'1-tj'
1-1
(,0
GI
""I
""O -.,. '""".
.C':l
Vv 5· .g· 0
Tilting disc check valve 5° 80
30 v'V
10.13.
3.80
. .76
2.3
·.. 72
2.2
.68.
2.0
.60
1.8
.56
1.7
.39 .24
.72
- · .. (D. 0
::J
=-··
:.0 ..

~
,.. ,
15" 1.2 0 .. :::1.
""" . \ ~=
l -u I I I I f I I
3...
c
m
a~
"T1 -·

:I
-·
<D
.·:.1. _';
~~
~
::r Ul . Q. !""+-
-II en - Ci)
Foot valve 420 1sw 1.90 111.3 10.5 9.7 9.3 I . 8.8 I 8.0
.. 7.6 7.1 6.3 5.9 5.5 5.0 1-1

~.
.... -.-~....
.:..;..•
with strainer
poppet disc "'
NI< ~·
I
q
"\.
·(Q ..
"""' .
""C
• I

',_<;.:t..-
'
... .J
.
I

I
Ci)

1-tj
......
1 ::l'.t

Foot valve 75 35 Vv 4.43. I 2.0 1.9 1.7 1.7 I 1.7 I 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.0 .90 M-
......
:C .·,... 1
r-I'-
~
with strainer
.....
I hinged disc ~
~
......
en "'•· #
CJ)

Calculated lrom dala m Crane Co. Technical Paper No. 410.

• These K values for flow giving full disc lilt. K values are higher for low flows giving partial disc lilt..

•
t In lhese formulas. V. is specific volume-ll''lb.
··I J Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps' . •. Cameron Hydraulic Data ·
. Friction. of Wate.r (Cqntinued).~-. -" --.--:----
.Friction Loss in Pipe Fittings
.···. Resistance coefliciei11 ( use hifor~ul~hr = K :~ • J ·· ·

All pipe sizes

Fitting ··. ,Description K value

. Pipe exit ...;....L. . ...;_J ... __;,_J . p'i-ojecirng · 1.0

· sharp edged
--r- ... --, ·. ~ .. rounded ·

Pipe entrance . · ..L- inward '. ·· .. 0.78

·•.··. projecting. . ' . . .'

Pipe entrance flush·· . ·.

From Crane Co~ Tec.hnic?IPapt3r 410.

. ;

3-116
 I

'
..
·•r-~~~:f: ~'!~' ~~~~ "-~~., '-~!_!}.!!-~~'-~·~·~~' '-~!!·' !_::!~~ ~~'! i~.~ !~ •
Friction Loss Due to Chanae in Pioe Size-Feet of Liauld
1 smaller pipe

Velocity
of d,
Sudden
Enlargements
dild: ' !t d} ~
d1
Sudden
Contractions ·
d,ldi
!dt +!di l
Velocity
of d,
fps 0.9 Q.6 0.7 0.6. 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1~ 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 .0.2 0.1 fps

2 .00 .Ot .02 .03 .03 .04 .05 .06 .06 .01 .01 .02 .02 .02 .03 :03 .03 .03 2 ..,
"Tl
3
4
.01
.01
.02
.03
.04
.06
.06
.10
.08
.14
.10
.17
.12
.21
.13
.23
.14
.24
.01
.02
.03
.04
.03
.06
;04
.08
.05
.09
.06
.to
.06
.11
.07
. 12
.07
.12
3
4 -
c;·
c:;-
::J
5 .01 .05 .10 .16 .22 .27 .32 .36 .38 .04 .07 .10 .. 12 .15 .16 .18 .19 .19 5
....0
6 .02 .07 .15 .23 .31 .39 .46 .51 .55 .05 .10 .14 .18 .21 .23 :26 .27 .28 6
~ I.
7 .03 .10 .20 .31 .43 .53 .63 .70 .75 .07 .14 .19 .24 .29 .32 .35 .37 .38 7
..,nr ~: .
8 .04 ..13 .26 .41 .56 .70 .83 . ··.92 .97 .09 .18 .25 .32 .38 .42 .46 .48 .50 B -.. ......
9 .05 .16 .33 .52 .70 .88 1.04 1.16 1.23 .12 .23 .31 .4Q ' .48 .53 .56 .60 .63 9 g ~
......
::I 0
10 .06 .20 .40 .64 .87 1.09 1.29 1.43 1.52 .15 .28 .38 .50 .59 : .65 .71 .75 .77 10 ::!"
::i· ~
12 .OB .29 .58 .92 1.25 1.57 · t.66 2.06 2.19- .21 .40 . .56 .72 .85 .94 1.03 . 1.07 1.12 12 I
5
-.,
15 .13 .45 .91 1.43 1.96 2.45 2.90 3.22 3.43 .33 .63 .87. 1.12. 1.33 1.47 1.61 1.68 1.75 15
8 ~·
1.62 2.55 3.48 4.35,. 5.16 5.72 6.09 .59 1.12 1.55 1.99. 2.36 . 2.61 2.86 2.98 3.10 20
20 .22 .80
' 4.08 4.47 4.66 4.86 25
...,
Ct)
25 .35 1.26 2.53 3.98 5.44 6.80 8.06 8.94 9.52 .92 1.75 2.43 3.11 3.69 r
1-tj
30 .50 1.82 3.64 5.73 7.83 9.79 11.6 12.9 13.7 1.32 2.52 3.50 4.48 5.31 . 5.87 6.43 6.71 6.99 30 ......
17.4 , 20.6 ~ 22.9 . 24.4· 2.36 4.48 6.22 7.96 9.45 10.4 11.4 11.9 12.4 40 ~·
40 .90 3.23 6.46 10.2 13.9 Ct)
K value .036 0.13 0.26 0.41 0.56 0.70 0.83 0.92 0.98 .095 0.16 0.25 0.32. 0.38 0.42 0.46 0.48 0.50 K value
1-r'j
loo"'.
.
. ( d% ~ ·~
dden .enlargements K = 1 .- ~ ) " . K .,, 0.5 ( 1 - -
d'1 )

-
For sudden conlrac1ions
....°"
I

d,
. d:
,
dJ J loo"'.
~
-l IS.-=0.60 ~
d2 CJ)
From chart: for sudqen enlargements: h1 = 0.64 feel
from sudden contractions: h, = 0.50 leet

..
 . .

I' lngersoll·Dresser Pumps C~meron Hydraulic Data

' ' . . .

__ .. __ " _______FrJctioo. of Water (Continued) · ·

. · Formulas for Calculatin.g ~'K" Factors
tor Sudden and Gradual Contractions and Enlargements
(K Yalues are for-velodty in the small pipe).
" ' .. · .,· ,·. .. ."· .:, .·· ·.. . : ,'• .

Gradual ContractionCBased·on velocity in small pipe)

/.I:..,,. . . ,··.
I \ .
. __:___ . I -. a, . I d2
. . .\
·' . ,,. I.. _ _ _ :.J_ .

.·' ...

1) 8 <45° _·

Gradual Enlargement {Based on yelocity in· ~mall pipe) . -·

! . ~.

. .
.:: .. :> . "·. .. :-·. -.· / .· .
. . ;.

' 2-. 6. -. :_• . ~· ~·le d~i~.)~-

3) 8 < 45° ... K = . .-_·. ... .·sin 2_ _. - i~ _ ·-·
d-·-· -
:2 . . . 1:
T/ ;,r. ;-
..4) · . IJ >45° <1800.

.. - . . ' . .
. ..
K ...
· • ·. ·. ·. . >
.
c
·. '
1 -,:::·
. .
. v2
r'/_,'
~
" .......__....,,.... '. ' -. .
< ...
i':,: c,'
·~:::.~··
.
·-
, )_

Substitute above values of K informula ht ~ K -··-- .If desired,

.. . . . . •.· 2g·. . . _.· .
areas can be used instead of
.
diameters in which
' ' '. . .
case. substitute
.
. '

i ~for d12 ..
2·
and···
~ d 2 .

I . 3-118
•
~.~:·.
•·""'.'~ Friction of Water.
Friction- · . ate~~-Pipe Fittings

',.~.:I Friction Loss-in· Pipe Fit~ings

...._ ,,
•~I
Resistance coefficient K ( use in formL hr = K ~J
•..
.. ' ·:
..
~·~-. The K factors in the table below are given for use in making estimates of friction
loss for fittings not covered in the preceding pages .
)
. )' Type of fitting K value
tit""': Disk or wobble meter 3.4 to 10

,.;•')
·~·,. .: ' Rotary meter (star or cog-wheel piston)
Reciprocating piston meter .
10
15

•.•J
Turbine wheel (double-flow) meter 5 to 7.5
Bends having corrugated inner radius. 1.3 to 1.6 times value
···')· ,
for smooth bend
,;)

Example: Determine L (Friction loss in >ipe fittings. in terms of

I' .
~ equivalent length in feet of straight pipe). A~ sume a 6" angle valve-
•5 Schedule 40 pipe siz.e. Select K from table. on page 3-111; select D
•)l' •· · and f for schedule 40 pipe from table below where D is pipe diameter
-•::;il
·.·!
- - ·._c;-in-~.-eet. --·-- .- -··- - - ~- - - ..
- - - -- - - - __.. _ - ----- ~- -
•. ~~) i, ' .

•..
•D ,.
. Pipe Pipe Pipe
size· size size Pipe
·~) ;.
inches
sch. 40_
D
Feet f
inches
sch.40
0
Feet f
inches· 0
sch.40 . feEt , size
inches
·o
Feet·. f .
0.83~.
:,. Y2 0.0518 0.()27 21/2 0.2058 0.018 10
12 0.99 ~
· D.014 24 1.8857 0.012

•»
3 0.2557 O.o18 .0.013 30' 2.3333 0.011
¥4 0.0687 0.025 4 0.3355 0.017 . 14 1.09 ~7 0.013 3e·. · 2.8333 0.011
1 1.25~ 42•

.}.)
0.0874 0.023 5 0.4206 0.0.16 16 0.013 3;3333 0.010
-I .
1V<4 • 0.115 0.022 6 0.5054 0.015 ·. 18 1.40 p3 0.012 48~ 3.8333 0.010
•1 1Y2
2.
0.1342
0.1723
Ci.021
0.019
·a 0.6651 _0.014 20 1.56 78 0.012.

Based on 1• thick wall.

.\) i
tf1 Solution: For angle valve in 6" pipe .. f
. I

·1·• .K from page 3-111 ~- . , D .= 0.5054·, f

2.25· = .0.015
I . ..
.•
.
~·
-~.
,·1
.· KD 2.25x0.5054
L = - · - = -· .
5
-··S·f ·. ·.. l · h ·f
· . = 75. t. -· equiv[ ent 1engt o stra1g .
. h.t.

·~
ttJ
f . ·· ·. O.Ol Pipe. (this is shown h1, the table on page 3-120)

~. For an example not covered in the table on page 3-120, take a 4"
•• ~
.... ·

..
..·
~
plug valve with flow through branch (From age 3-112; K = L.53) .
L = KD - 1.53 x 0.3355 .
~··
·~
f 0.017 .

.,.,~
~
= 30.2 ft. -equivale t length of straight pipe.

. .. ·:\ .
..
\
3-119
 -
c.i.:>

~
I

O .·
Friction loss of water in pipe fittings· in terms of equivalent·

..
··length-(L)-feet of straight pipe

Swing.
··'51
:I
qa,
--·
·Actual · ··· Std
.....
Gate . LQng. Std check · Angle Globe.
CD
Nominal
inside
diameter Friction
valve··
·-
radius
-·
tee.· tee
-
valve ·•valve . valve
-
90' Weld1rg
·elbow "'
...Cl·-·.
90" or 45" .Pose Buller- Mitre bend
..
,.

pipe inches. ·1ac1or · · h.111 . 900 std thru · brancti return ·full · lull · lull fly. ' 0
size. d I open .. elbow elbow · flow ': · tiow . .·.bend . ··open open ·.. open· valve r/d ' 1 rid " 2 45'.' 90' ;
..
;

1/2 .. 622 027. A.t'.. l.55 .83 1.04 . 3.11 ·.2.59 5.18 ., 7.78. 17.6 i
g
. :i'4 824 .025 .55 2.06 . 1.10 1.37 4 12 343 6.86 10.3 23.3 '
l

...,,
1 ' 1 049 .023 .70 2:62 1.40 1.75 . . 5.25 4.37. 8.74 13:1. . 29 7. ' «911
1.380'. ,.'
l1/4 .022 .92 3.45• . 1.84 . . 2.30 6.90. 5.75 11.5 17.3 39.1 . {A .. ·
1•11 1.610 .. .021 . 1.07 4.03 2.15 ·2.68 8.05 6.71 13.4 . 20.1 45,6 .· '(D

2 2.067 019 . 1.38. 5 17 2.76 3.45 10. 3 .·· ·a.s1 . 17.2 . 25.8 . 58.6 7.75 . 3 45 . 2.07 . 2.58 to 3
2'11 · . 2.469 .· .01a.· 1.65 6.17.. .· .3.29 ·. .4.12 12.3 10.3 20.6. 30.9 .· . ··10.0 9.26 4 12 2.47 3.08 12 3 c· .
3
4
5
3.068
4026
5.047.
.. 018
.017 .. ·
016
2.04.
2.68
3.36
7.67
10.1
.• 12.6 .
4.09

6.73
5.11
5.37 .. 6.71
8.41
. 15.3 .
.· 20:1
25.2 ..
12.8
16.8
25.5
33.6
?t.0 .· . 42.i'.
.
• .38.4
so:3··
. 63.L.
" .
.. 86.9
. 114 .
. . 143
11.5
15.1'
18.9
5 1t
6.71
. 841
3.07
4.03
5.05.
3.84
503
6.31'
15 3
20 1
. 25 2 ,.,gen ... ·
...
6 .. 6.065. .015 4.04 '15.2 8:09 101 .. 30.3 253 ' 50.5.; ·.· . 158 . 172 . . 22 7 . 10 1 607
"
7.58 303
8 7.981 .014. 5.32 20:0 ·. '10.6 . 13.3 ., .. 39.9, .. .. · . 33.3 . 33.3 ·.··•.·. ... 99.a< · 226 . ·.. 29.9··· 13 3 .7.98 9 98 399
10· . 10.02 ,014. 6:68 '• - 25:! . ·13.4 . •. 16.7 .•. : 50.1 . •. ·4.1.8 41.8 J25 284 . 29.2 .. 16:7. 10 0 12.5 · 501 ("'.')
12 11.938 . .013 7.96 29.8 15.9. '19.9 . 59.7.. . 49.7 4.9.i .. :'149 • 338 34.B . 19.9 11.9 1.4.9 . 59 7 .~··
14 13.124 .··.·· .013
..
8.75 ..• 32.8 17.5.

37.5. '· 20.0

21.8 .·.·. 65.6 54.7. :.. 54.7

. 62:5.
164 ..
"
. 372 . 38:3. 21 8 13.1 . 16.4. 65.6
·s ('i)
16 . 15 00 ' . .013. 10.0 .··25.0 .... . : '75.0 ..·· 62.5 '188 425 3L3 • 25.0 15 0 tB 8 75.C! ""1
18 '• 16.876 . :012 169 42.2 . 22.5 28.h . 64.4. 70.3 70:3. ,. 210 ·.. 478 . 35.2 28.1 .16 9. 21 t 84 4
.012. 94_1···· 78.4 •..·· '• 533 .· . . 39.2
0
20 . 18.814 .. 12.5 ; 47.0. 25.1 .31A .· 78 4 ·235··. 31 4 188 . 23.5 94 I t:j.
24 . ' 22628. .012 .·. .· t.5.1 · .. 56.6 30.2 37.J .· .113' 94.3. 94.3 ·.. 2,83. 641 .. 47.t 37 7 22.6 28 3 113
30 28 ·.·.op 18.7 •. 70 .•...·.· . 37.3. . 46.7 .. 140 117 . . • ..
....
. .

'.
. .. . 46.7 28: . 35 140 .·
.·~·
::c
36 34 .01 t ... 22.7.• 85 . 45.3 . 56.7 "170 142 ""· . 56 7 34 43• 170 ~··
42. . 40 . .01Q ·. 26.7 100 53.3 66.7 .· 200· 167 66.7. 40 50 200 . ""1
48 46 .010 . 30.i :· 115 61.3 . . 76.7 ,' - 230 192 •76.7 46 58 230. . SlJ.
. ~·· .
" .
.,
1k to6
"
-~

.
,_....,
...., •·
=100 . . . ('j .
·.· .. 8to24..
UD 8 .. 3Q.
:··
. 16 . 20 fiO 50. =50 .·. . 150 340 .
. 20 12 15 .·· 60 t::J

' ,·
$:1:)
. . Calculated from data in Crane Co.-o....tetnriical Paper410. K .": f~.; .• ' ,,,·· .KLD ; . L - ~D V.:here D is.insid.e.pipe di~meler in feet: ·· J S'
~'fl!l\fi~~------.. < · · .....,.....;. ...........____,.•"•"•·• .. .. :... ~.·•··•• ,

'.........._ _.,, ••• _....,~ ....... .,..Nt#;.,_•A-t.lt-"l,Al'le

 .Friction. Water- Pipe Fittings
. Friction of.Water (Conti11u
' . ·-··· ".· . ·. ' ·!

Resistance of Valves and Fittins;1 to Flow

of Fluids in E!~a~~t Lengtti\ f Pipe

.
;
f'' .
.- .
·
Examr!I : The dotted line shows
that th . resistance of a 6-inch
Standa Elbow is equivalent to

:Li
; :>
'
~.... ,,_ ..... ~

O'.
·
approxi
Stan
ly 16 feet of 6-inch
Pipe.
Note: r sudden enlargements or
sudden contractions, use the
Globe Va kc, 01•cn --. t Gare \·~i\·~ smaller .diameter,. d, on the. ·pipe
....... ..___
e?!1f'""
II
1
. -. . ¥. ClosrJ sizes le .. ·
n . - - Y.!. Closed.
.' :-:---- WClosed
; r - - - Fully Open

{ -so
. \
Angle \'a Ive, Open
~
. . .
i: -tP'l±
Standard Tee
'i
.I
I,:. . . [li3·· .30--"'-1-)0
. 1·.. .. ' . .:
·~)
;

· .< ~quare Elbow

. ill/ ...
e'; 20

Swing. Check Valve.

f- ully Open
· . PS
'!'t11'I -·. ·.- . - t-
· Borda Entrance
.. ·
iZ
., 1'4
50 . -
'I t 12
....Ill
c:
/i ~
..c: JO -10 ;

r---.....,i- - - - -
Jo. . .fo v
.-
c .. 9 .c.v
Close Rccurn Bend 20
Sudden Enlci'ri;cincnc - - _
"i!
en c:
.; 8
c..
7
-.:
c

~d/o-IA ~-- -'i" -6- - ~

fOJ
Standard Tee ·
Through Side Outlet
I ~~
. d/o- lh
---d
..
10

5
.c.

c
&
cIll

.-.!!:.
~
-s ts....
~
e
fl

·;;;

-=
~ff]. J·l oLina.y Enmncc 3
w
I'll

.::i
O" -3

Standard Elbow or run of

Tee reduced lh . \ll j-D!_d~
,··~.
\!Sudden Contraction
2

-1
2 -i

·~@.
1'!;2
\ \-. d/o-~ .
\ '-d/o-lh JI.A
Med;um Sw<ep Elbow oJ d/o-"14
run of T cc reduced ~
0.3 -I

·· . ~.tDt
· Long Sweep Elbow or _ _.
45• Elbow
0.2

~2
~

0.1
. nm of S1andard T cc
6ZB52 \\S
From Crane Co. Technical Paper No. 409. Data based on the above chart ar satisfactory for most applications: for
to
more detailed data and information refer to pages 3-110 page 3-120 Which a e based on Crane Co. Technical Paper
No. 410. 3-121
 ·Friction Losses~Valves a.nd ·· · ·
Fittings;_,;,;Viscous Liquids··
. . .·.

. . ' .., . . . . ·. .

Very little re1iabletest data: on losses through Valyes and Fittings .·· .
for viscous liquids is available; In _the absence of meaningful data
-some engineers assume the flow is turbulent and use the equivalent
length method; i.e. where friction losses through valves_andlittings
are expressed in terms of equivalent lengtp. of straight pipe ·(see
.·pages 3-120 and 3-121) .. Calculations madeon the basis ofturbul~nt . •.•·.
· _flow will give safe results since friction losses for turbulent fl.o\v are
higher than for laminar (viscous).·fiow. · .. · ·

· · MiscellalleoU.s Forill.ulas
·_.Discharge offluid through valves: and fittings· ... . : . ·
.. . .galperntlrt···· 19.6Sd'
.· . ' . ..· .· ·,_ .· :
Ji . • ,.,

.. This equ.ation may be useci for determining the _fio\v in a system if.
K ·is the sum of all the resistances i:ri the system including entranee f

·.and exit losses. . · . .

" ,·
.... "
- . .
.·Where: d .· ~ pipe diameter-. inches . . ···.· .· .· · · ·. .· - ·
=
hL friction loss in feet. of liquid ···: ·· · - ·. · -.
all
K .. · sum. of resistance in the system .· · .>····
.' 'including eniran~e and 'exit losses. '

. : · 0.4085 gpm.
· Velocity (fps) = . .·
· · · · d2 (in.) . ·

3-122'
•,,._+.. F. ..
;I
:~
• 1,....,' .
l1
·',,,.,
-·; :

.i0
[:·
'l

·>~
•.. J
..

tt-j
·(- I \
;

•(j SECTION 4 -
.•N
·i.-~
;·····1..~ ......
PROPERTIES OF ....
..

.1i
tl:)l
':T LIQUIDS :: r ;
r .

-
;

•(9 . !
i
ta0 l i . '
tl() ~
•
"
•·;)·'·
"' ... ·
.:::}
4.')r
7 .

..

••....
•5
·~

''"'
:!

~
A :·,.

(
:
ft+, ·,,,;,·

•r~
.... '/.

~·?
·~

•,~
.J.J,•:).•
-~j '\,

..
..

,I ' I

:
j
.')

4'z1·
·;~ I
•"'
~
.;

~
i
I
··}~r Ingersoll-I >resser Punips •
I
~

~ •:
' . -
~
~

·:~
~)
j
.....!.
'i.)·~·
.. )
·~
;

.,
41;
-~
\, .~ }
4-1 -- ~
. l·J lngersoll·Dresser Pumps·. ,.·.;·
Cameron Hydraulic Data .. i '

i~.:
-
.. -;""·· . -·.-· -- -.
'~ ~·
CONTENTS OF SECTION 4. · :·
.··1·-:
Properties of Liquids .· . ·
..
.}~
.~

Density information · . . . ~ . . . • . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . 4-3

Properties of water ....... ~ . . ~ . . .. '. . ~ . •. . ... .' ...... 4;.4
Page

lS
>t·.
Density~specific gravity. . data ' . ·· · . f c
.··I•
.- . . ' ' . . . . . .

": API- s·cales .. ~ ·• ..·.... -... ~ ...·.· .. -.. '.. ~.....· . ~· ~ . ·~ . ~·:~· ... ·~...... •·...... ~. 4~6
Properties of sodium and calcium chloride .. 0.......... · · ·• · · 4.. 10 . •_· . s···.
.Propertles of caustic soda ~- .. ~ ............................ 4".'.11 .. . . .,
·. Baume scales. ~ ~ .· ..•... ~ .....· ...... " ..... ~- ~- .. •....•• ·.. >... -~ 4-12 . · . ·.. ....
Densities·· of sugar. solutions· •. ·.~ .•... -~ .. ···~ ... -~·.··.· .. _.. ·~ ....... _. 4.. 13
1
•
SSpec~fific grav~ty off phetd.roleumb' v~. ternperat11~e ~ .: . ~ .. • ...•... ~-.1 4..
. pec1 c gravity o y rocar ons .< . ·; ·. ~ .. •~ ... .- .. ; .......... -:t- · ·. 15 • ~:
·.·c··_· .:,

SSpecific gl-av~t~ of mr·· · iscellane,0u sl~quids· '. ..... ~ ........... >4•1 6.. tt:··
pecific grav1t1es o aqueous so ut1ons .. 1 -~·. 4~-17
! •••••••••••••••• . . ·1·
.·Specific gravities· of ref:Hg~ra. _11t liq_ .uid$ ·~ . ·• .... ~ ~ ..•...... ~ •· . :~ ~ 4-_18 · ·. . ··:_.
1.·. ·..·.·_·.,
Vapor pressure h1formation ·. · . .. . . . .
Vapor pressure of. gasolines .......... ·~- ~ .. ~ ~- .... ~ .......... 4~19 4'
Vapor pressure of hydr.ocarbons • ~ . • . . . . ~ ; . ~- .< ....... ~ .. ~ 4-~0. "JI·~
Vapor pressµre ()fvarl()us. liquids ......... ~ .•............. 4-21 · '
Vapor pressure of refrigerant liquids .....•~ ... ~ ... ~ • ~ ...... 4~22 . •.
Viscosity informati~n .... ~ . : ...... ~ . ~ .. ~ ., ................ 4.. 23 . . I·
VV·i~cos~ttycofnverskions ,...· ..... ~ ....· ~ ................ 4-2~to 4.·'."28 •· . ·. ,
1scos1 y o . cran case 011s ~ . . . . . ~ . : . ; . . . . . . ~ ..~ . . . . • . . . . . . 4..28.
.Viscosity_of turbine oils ..•....... ·... ·•· .... ·.. ; ..... ~- ...... 4-29 · ·.
., I,.,.

Viscosity of fuel oils ..•................... ~ ........ ~ .. >.. 4-30 ·. · .·. .· . i

vs.
temperature ~ ........•.. •... 4-81
Viscosity of petro.leurr1 oils
Vif?cosity of miscellaneous· liquids •.... ·....... • ............ 4~32. ·
Viscosity of refrigerant liquids .. ~· ...•..... ~ '. ......... •. ·~- .. 4~33 ·
:'··
4
! t
.·-..

Viscosity of sucrose solutions .......... .'. ~ ............ : .. 4~34

Viscosity blending chart ~ .................. ~ ... · .... · · · · · ·4-35
Petroleum temperature volume relations ~ ................. 4"."36
t
l
t_
I&.
.
. Viscosities and speCific gravities of misc. liquids ... ~ 4-37 to .4-45 ·
Pump performance with viscous liquids ...... ~- ...... ; ..... 4~45
Pump performance corrections charts ..... ~ ....... 4-4 7 and 4-48.
Pump performance on paper stock . ~ .......... ~ .•......... 4-49
t·.
.. "

. 6.
~2
Slurry information ............... ~ ............... 4-50 to 4-56
. t
 , Ploperties _of Liquids

. Densitr Informatitn
. . I. ..
The DENSITY of a liquid is the amount o .mass of that liquid Ob,
kg, g) contained in a unit of volume (ft 3 , g ., m 3·, cma, etc.). Thus,
·the units of density are lb/ft 3 • lb/gal., kg/m 3 , /cm 3 , etc.
Because gravity exerts a force called "w ight" on a given mass,
the terms "weight density" or gravity of a u4uid are often used.* .
. The SPECIFIC GRAVITY of a liquid is itf
density relative.to that
. of water; i.e., its density divided by that of! water. The water tem-
perature .
for. this .purpose . is. usually . 60°F
.
{16.6°C)
. I . .
:where its density
. .
· .is 0.9991 g/cm8 (Page 4~4). · ·· · ·• .· . · ·1 · · · .·
.·.· . For so~e: purposes a water temperature of 39.2°F (4°C) is used ·
as a base of reference which is. its point of m ximum density, namely·
1.000 g/cm3 ; for other purposes a .water temperature of 68°F (20°C)
may be selected as a base of reference.' _The ~ase temperature of 60°F .
CL.5.6~C. )!s ?ften specified.. togeth.· er wt.·'t_h.th~t.ott.he U~uid whose sp.e_ciftc3 .·.
gravity is involved. Thus, 140°F water with density of 0. 9832 g/cm .
. has a specific gravity at 140°/60°F. of 0~9841 ( ·.. ·0.9832/0.9991). ·
· .. It can be seer that t~e s~ecilied gravity<>~~ liquid is abollt numeri-
. cally equal. to it~ density in g/cm3 • Measunfg metho.ds have led .to •i
.other density units, such as degrees .API· o degrees Baume, which I
· .. are related· to specific gravity· through the formulas ·and tables ·on . I
·the following pages.
·SPECIFIC WEIGHT as used 'in various equations in. this data·
· book is the· weight in ·lb per cu ft .. The speFific weight of water at
60°F (15~6°C) is 62.3714 lb/ft 3 ; and at 68°F (20°C) it is 62.3208 lb/ft 3 • For ·
other temperature.·s pr.oper ~pecifi_.~ w~ight. 'v1ues should b.e...used (see
page 4-4); also for further d1scuss1on refer b ck to .page 2-3. ·. ·.
' . - . ' ' . . '. . . . . : . - .· ·. . - .. ' . . .
· 1 ·..
*The density definition involves strictly mass. Weight and mass are numerically i
equal at earth sea level in the usual English system 9f :units (where lb. is properly '
· distinguished .as lbmass or lb,•.• m·)·. System. s that derive e~'!th.er the mass or force unit in I
terms of the other via Newton's second law of motion expressed as F = ma-(such !
•··i
as the International (SI) System) do not have this n merical equality, but also do r
not need the gravitational constant g0 = 32.174 (lbma~/lbrom·) ft/sec 2 in calculations
involving fluid motion. If the lbmas~-lbr..m· system is usedi, F = ma must be replaced by .·
lbmas~> per.unit volume
'If
•I!
F =..!...ma. Because of this, the factor mlg0 (= 0.0311.k min t·
is so!~times called mass density, . ~ven
·though the unit\ of density. expressed as lbmas~ .....
-~ i
I

per unit volume is also a "mass density". See pp. 8-3 to 18-7. . · ·
2
. .Note: go is. gravitational constant at sea level-32.17 fUsec •

----4-3
 ·I ) .lngersoll·Dresser PuQlps CanieronHydrnulic Data .

Properties of Water at Various Tempe~atures

' .
Pressure ,•

of DE!nsity · Tempera·
saturated
vapor.
·· Spec1hc volume · · specific wt .Con~ers1on
factor
Kinematic
viscosity
tu re
Temp
F lbtin2 abs ~·'lb gal lb lblft' ·g1cm' ·1tilb·in' cent?STI»l:es · -''F ~c

32 0.08859 ,• 0.016022 o.i199. · ;62.414 0;9998 .. 2:307 1.79 32 0

33 0.09223 0.016021 0.11.98 62.418 .. o.9999 2:307 ' 1.75 33 0.6
34 0.09600 0.016021 0.11.98 .62:418 .0.9999 2~307 1.72 34 1. 1
35 0.09991 0.016020 .• 0.1198 '• ' 62.420 0.9999' 2.307 1.68 35 1.7
' '

36 0.10395' 0.016020 0.1198 62.420. 0.9999 2.307· 1.66 36 '2.2

37 0. 10815 0.016020> .OT198 '62~420' 0.9999 ··. 2.307'. ·t.63 37 2.B
38 0.11249 0.016019 0.1198 '62.425 ' 1.0000 ·.·2.307' ·.1.60 38 3.3
39 0.11698. 0.016019 ' '0.1198 62.425 '1.0000 .2.307 1.56 '··.·· 39 .3.9
40 0.12163 0.016019 ·, 0 ..1198 62.425 1.0000 2.307 1.54 ' ' 40 '• 4.4

41 0.12645 0.016019 ' 0.1196 62.426 1.0000 2.307'

''

1.52 ·. 41 .s·
42 '0.13143 0.016019 0'1198 62.426 .1.0000 '. ·.·. 2.307 't:49 42 5.6
·,' 43' 0.13659 0.016019 o.119s · 62.426 1.0000 2.307 .. ·• 1:47 43 6.1
. 44 ' 0.14192 . 0.016019 ' OJ198. 62.426. '.1.0000 .. 2.307 .. ,; . ' J..44 ,' .. '44 .·. 6,.7
45 .. 0.14744. '0.016020 0.1198 62.42 . 0.9999' 2.307 ' 1.42 " ·. 45 7.2
' ,'

46' 0.15314 ' 0.016020' ·0.1.198 ... 62.42 ' o.9999 " 2.307·. 1.39. 46' 7:8 '
47 0.15904 .0.016021 ' ·0.1196• 62.42. 0.9999 2.307'. .. 1.37 . 4t .8.3· .
48 0.16514 '0.016021 ·. 0.1.198 .62.42' 0.9999 .. 2.307 ·. '1.35 .· 48· 8.9 "
49 0.1714'4 • 0.016022 0:1196°' 62.41. ·0;9995 • '.2.301··. (33.·,··· 49 9.4
50 0.17796 ' 0.016023 0. 1199 62.41
' ,·
0.9998 2.307 1.31 50 10
...

51 0.18469' 0.016023
"
0.1199 '62.41 0.9998; .···2.307. 1.28 51 .10.6
52 0.19165 0.016024 0.1199 '62.41 '·. 0.9997 ··2.307 1.26 •' 52 '11.1
53. 0.19883 ' .· 0.016025 0.1199 62.40 o.9996· . 2.308 ,· 1.24 53. 11.7
54 0.20625 0.016026 0.1199 62.40 0 ..9996 .· 2.306' .1.22.' " 54 12.2
55 0.21392
"
0.016027 01199 .. 62.39 0.9995 2.308• t.20 ' 55 ;. 12.8
" ..
56 0~22183,' o.016020 0:1'199 .· .62.39 0~9994 ··.·• 2.308 1.19 "• 56 13.3
57 0.230.00 '0:016029. 0:1199 . 62:39 .0:9994 '·. 2:308 1.17 ' 57 13;9
•
•g::~~·
58 0.23843 . 0.016031 •. 0.1199 • 62.38 ' 2.308 '1..16 58 14.4
'59' 0.24713 .0.016032 '0.1199. '62.38 2.309 1.14. 59 ' 1$
60 0.25611' 0.016033 .0.1199 . .62.37 0.9991 ··2.309 • 1.. 12 '. ' ~o. 1.5.6

62 0.27494 0.016036 0.1200 '62:36' 0.9969 2.309 1.09 "

62 16:7
64 0.29497 '' 0.016039 ' 0:1200. 62.35. 0:9988 ', ' 2.310 1.06 64 ', 17.8 .·
66 0.31626. 0.016043 ·. I 0,1200, 62.33 '0.998.5 ; 2.310 1.03 66 18.9'
68 0.33889 0.016046 ·•. 0. 1, 200 ,. 62.32 .0.9963 . 2.311 ··. 1.00 ..•·5a 20
70 0.36292 0.016050 0:1201 62.31 o.9961 2.31( . 0.98 "
70 ' 21.1
'

75 OA2964 0.016060 '0.1201 ' ', 62.27 0.9974 2.313' . 0.90 75 239
80 "
0.50683 •' •· O.OH3072 • 0.1202. .1 62:22 0.9967 2.314, .0.85 ,' ' so 26.7'
85 0.59583 0.016085 0.1203 ., 62.17' 0.9959 2.316 ' 0.81 ' 85 29.4
90 0.69813 0.016099 '0.1204 •·• .62.12 '0.9950 2.318 0.76 .•. 90 32.2
95 0.81534 0.016114 0.1205··. 62.06 0.9941. 2.320 0.72 95. '35
100 0.94924 0.016130 0.1207 62.00 0.9931 2.323 0.69 ' 1. 100 ,.37.8
110 1.2750 0.016165 0.1209 61.98 0 9910 2.328 .,· 0.61 110 '43.3
120' 1.6927 O.D16204 0.1212 .. 61;71 :0.9886 ,· 2.333 .0.57 48.9
130 '2.2230 '0.016247 .0.1215 ,· 61.56 0.9860 ., 2.340'• ··... 0.51. '54.4
140 2.8892 ' 0.016293 0.1219 61.38 ' 0.9832
' .. ,. " 2 ..346 0;47 60
150 3.7184 0.016343 0. 1223, .61.19 ', 0.9802 .· ··2.353 . "
0.44 .·. 150 65.6
160 4.7414 0.016395 0.1229 60;99 0.9771 2.361 0.41, 160 71.1
.170 5.9926 ' 0.016451 .0.1231 60.79 0.9737 2.369 0.38· 170 76.7
180 7.5110 ,, 0.016510 0.1235 60.57 0.9703 2.377 • 0.36 180 82.2
190 9.340 0.016572 . 0. 1240 60.34 0.9666 2.386 0.33 190 87.8

• Approximately numerically eQual to specific gravity basis temperature reference of 39.2°F (4°C). ·..
Calculated from data in ASME Steam Tables. .. . .· ··. . · . . . ·.. .

Note: For complete Steam Tables see pages 5·7 through 5·24.

I
.........--.. · - - - - - -
4-4
 Properties of Water at Various Tempe:ratures (Continued)
I

Con,.~;
Pressure·
of Density
saturated Specific volume specific wt. on Kinematic Temperature
Temp· vaoor fact r viscosity
F lblirf2.abs 11 3/lb ga!llb lb/ft3 •gtcm~ ft/lb/,n 2 centistokes "F ·c
~
200 11.526 0.016637 0. 1245 60.11 Q.9628 0.31 200 93.3
210 14.123 0.016705 0.1250 59~86 D.9589 0~9 210 98.9.
212 14.696 0.016719. 0.1251 59:81 0.9580 212 100.0
2"20 . 17.186 0.016715 0.1255 59.61 0.9549 2.4 6 220 104.4
230 20.n9 0.016849 0.1260 59.35 0.9507 . 2.4 >6 230 110
240 24.968 0.016926. 0.1266 59.0B .0.9464 2.4 7 240 115_,6 .
250 29.825. 0.017006. 0.1272 58.80 0.9420 2.4• 9 0.24 250 121.1
260 35.427 0.01-7089. 0.1276 58.52 0.9374 2.41 1 260· 126.7
270 41.856 0.017175 0.1285 58.22 0.9327 2.4?'3 270 132.2
280 49.200 0.017264 0.1291 57.92 0.9279 2.4$6 .·280 137.8
290 57.550 0.01736· 0.129.9 57.60 0.9228 2.sQo 290 143.3

Iii
..
300 . 67.005 ().01745 0:1305 57.31 0.9180 2.5 3 0.20 300 148.9
310 "77.667 0.01755 0.1313. 56.98 0.9128 .2.5 >7 310 154.4
320 "89.643 0.01766 0.1321 56.63 ·0.9071 2.S 3 320 .160 .
330 . 103.()45 . 0.01776 •. 0.1329 56.31 0.9020 : 2.5~7 . 330 "165.6
340.. 117.992" 0.01787 0.1337 55.96 0.8964. ...
2.5 3 340 171.1
I
350 134.604 0.01799 . .0.1346" 55.59 · o.8904 2.591 . 0.17. 350 176.7
360 153.010 . 0.01811 .. 0.1355:. 55.22 : 0:8845 2.608 ·. 360 182.2
370 113,339: I 0.01823. 0.1364· 54.84 0.8787. 2.~5 370 187.8
380 . 195.729 .0.01836 0.1374 54.47 0.8725 . 2; 4 380 · . 193.3
390 220.321 0.01850 0.1384 54.05 o_.es59· 2.664
I
390 198.9

400 247.259 0.01864· ..0.1394 . 53.65 0.8594. • 2.6~4 0.15 400 204.4
410 276.694: 0.01878 . . 0.1404 53.25 0.8530 2.704 410 392.2
. 420. "308.780 0.01894 ·. . 0.1417 52.80 0.8458 2.727. 420 215.6
430 343.674 0.01909. .0.1428 52.38 0.8391 2.7k9 430 221.1
440 381.54 0.01926 . 0.1441, 51.92 0.8317 2.1r3 440 226.7
..
450. 422.55. 0.01943 o.1453 51.47 .0.8244 2.7~8 0.14 ·450 232.2
460 466.87 . .· 0.01961 .. 0.1467 50;99 0.8169 2.sg4 460 237.8.
470.' .· 514.67. .0.01980 . • 0,1481 50.51 0.8090 2.8~1 . 470 243.3
·480 .566.15 0.02000. 0:1496 50.00 0.8010 2.8 0 480 248.9
490 :521.4s 0.02021 0.1512 49.413. 0.7926 2.9.10 490 254.4

500 000.86 0.02043 0.1528. 48.95 0.7841 2.9 42 o._13 500 260
510. 744.47 0.02067 •. 0.1546 48.38 0.7750 2.9 76 510 . . 265.6
520 812.53 ·. 0.02091 0.1564 47.82 0.7661 . 3.C 11 520 271.1
·530 ' 885.23 0.02118 0:1584 47.21 I 0:7563 3.C,50 530 276.7
540 962.7.9 0.02146. . 0.1605 46.60 0.7465 3.090 540 282.2
'.
550 .1045.43 .· 0.02176 0.1628 45.96 0.7362 3.1.33 0.12 550 287.8
560 . 1133.38 0.02207 .0.1651 45.31 0.7258 3.~78 ·. 560 293.3
570' 1226.88 0.02242 0.1677 44.60 0.7145 3. 28 570 298.9
580 1326.17 0.02279 0.1705 43.88 0.7029 3.~1 580 304.4
590 '1431.5. 0.02319 ·. 0,1735 .43.12 0.6908 3. 9 590 310.

600 . 1543.2. 0.02364 0.1768. 42,30 o~sn6 . · 3.404 0.12 6b0 315.6
610 ·16&1.s 0.02412 0.1804 41.4~ 0.6641 . ·.3-473 610 321.1
620 . 1786.f· I
0.02466 0.1845 40.55 o.64ss 3.$51 620 326.6
630 1919.5 0.02526 0.1890 . 39.59 0.6342 . 3.,37, 630 332.2
640 2059.9 0.02595 ·. 0.1941 38.54 0.6173 . 3. 37 640 337.8

650 2203.4 0:02674 0.2000 37.40 0.5991 . 3.1 51 650 343.3

670 2532.2 0.02884 0.2157 34.67 0.5554 4. 53 670. 354.4
690 2895.7 0.03256 0.2436 30.71 0.4920 4.1 89 690 365.6
700 3094.3 .Q.03662 . ·0.2739 27.31 0.4374 s.273. 700 371.1
705.47 3208.2 0.05078 . 0.3799 19.69 o.31s5 7.~12 . 705.47 374.15
.Approximately numerically equal to spec1f1c
. . gravity basis temperature reference of .39.Z'F (4"C) .
... I
Calculated from data in ASME Steam Tables. ·

. 4-5
1·~·. lngersoll·Dre~ser Pumps ·Camer~n Hvdrall.lic
. . - Data
.. . .. ···J
.··t:·
. . .

Pounds per gallon.and. specif.ic gravities corresponding

to . degrees API
.
at60°F
. . . '9.
· · . ·.. ·. . ·. •·
Formula-.· sp gr=
-141.S · ·.
. + 0 .API
·. ·.·.·f:'i
131 5 ·.· .. ~
Deg
API 0 2 3
Tenths of Degrees·

4 5 .. 6
19
9
.·~

,4
10 8.328 8:322 8.317 · · 8.311 8~305 .B.299 8:293 8.287 . . fi.282 B.:276 ·
1.0000 .99.93 .· ~9986 .9979 .9972 .9965 .9958 ... 951 ,9944 .9937
11 8.270.· 8.264 s.258 e.252 · . e;24s •· .8~241 8.235 s.229 9;223 s.21a
;9930 .9923 .9916 .· .9909 .9902 ,9995 .9888 .9881 . ;9874 .· .9868
12 8.212 .· 8.206 8.201 .8.195. 8.189 ·· 8.183 B.178. B.172 8,166 .. .B.161
fl
' ··•c:
.9861 .9854 .. .9847 ,9840 ..9833 .9826 .9820 . .9813 . .9806 .9799
13 8.155 .. 8.150 a.144 8.138 . 0~132 0.121 . 0.122 a.116 . 0.110 . 8.105
.9792 .9786 .9779 .9772 .9765 . .97.59 ..9752 ..9745 . .9738 ..9732
14 . 8.099 8.0!~3 8.000 . 0.082 8.076 0.011 8:o66 . 8.061 . a.o5s 8.049
15
.9725.
8.044
.9718.
8.038
.9112 . .9705
8.033 · 8.021
..9698
8.021 0ms
.9692 ..9685
a.on ·
·· .9679
·e.006.
:9s12
a.ooo
..9665
· 7.995 ~·..
.9659

;·.~·
.9652 .9646 .9639 .9632 .9626 . .9619 . .9613 '.9606 ..9600
16 7.989, 7.984 7.978 7.973. <7.967 7._962 7.9~6 7.951 . 7.946 . . 7.940
.9593. .9587 . . . .9580 ..9574 . .9567 . .· .9561 .9554 ..9548 ·...9541 .· .9535 .· .
17 7.935. 7.930 7.925 7.919 .7.914. 7;909. 7.903 7.898 . 7.893 ·. 7.887
.9529 .9522 .9516 .9509 .9503. ..9497. .9490 .. .9484 ..9418 ... 9471
iC
18
19
7.882·
;9465
7.830
7.877
.9459
7.825
7.871
.9452
7.820.
7.866
.9446
7.814
7.861 . 7.856.
.9440
7.851
.9433 ·.· .9427
7.809 . . 7.804 ... · '.7.79!L
7.846 .
.9421.
7.793
i.841 . 7.. 835 ...
.9415. . ... 9408
7.788 · 7.783 ·.. ·
! ·~
IC
.·I
.9402 .9396 .9390 .9383 .9377 .9371 .· .. 9365 .. .9358 .9352 .9346
20 7:778. . 7.773. 7.768. 7.762 .7.757 ·. '7.752 ... 7.747 . 7.742 ..7.737. • 7.732.
:9340 .9334 .9328 ... 9321 ..9315 .. 9309 ;9303 ..9297 ... 9291 . .9285

1··.·-
21 7.727 7.722 7.117 7.711.. 7.706 . 7.701. 7..696 7.691. .· 7.686 7.681
.9279 ·.. 9273 .9267 ·. ;9260 .. 9254 .. 9248 . ;9242 .· . :9236 .9230 . . .9224
22 7.676. 7.671 7.666 7.661 7,656 . "7~651 . 7.646 7.641.. 7.636 ·.' 7.632 .

+S
.9218 .9212 .9206. .9200 . .9194 ·· ·.· .s188 · · .9182 . ~9t:76 ..9110 .9165
23 7.627 1.622 1.611. 1.612. 1.607.· ·1.602 7.597. · .7.592 7.587. :'7.5s3.
.9159 . .9153 .9147 ~9141 .9135 .9129 .9123 .9117. . .9111 ·• .9106
24 7.578. 7.573 7.560. 7.563 7;558 . · 7 ..554 7.549 .7.544 .·. 7.539 7.534
.9100 . ~0047
25 7.5.29
•.. 9094
.· 7.524
.9088
7.519 . 7.514
.9082 .9076
7.509. . 7.505
.. 9071 .. 9065
7.500
..9059 . .9053.
7.495 . 7.491 7.486 . .1 .··ft
. .I C
.. 9042. .9036 .9030 .9024 . ;9018'. ;9013 .9007 . .9001 '.8996 .8990
26 t481. 7.476 7.427 . 7.467 7.462 7.458 .· . 7.453 . 7.448 7.443 7;438
.8984 .8978 .8973 .8967 .. .8961 : .8956 . . .8950 .. 8944 · . ,8939 .8933
27 7.434 7.429 " . 7.424 7.420 7.415. 7.410 7.406 7.401 ' 7.397 ·. 7.392

I~·
.8927

,1-
.8922 .8916 . .8911 ' .8905. :.8899' .8894 .8888 ..8883.. ,8877
28 7.387 .. 7.383 7.370 7.373 . 7.368 7.364 7.360 7.355 • . 7.350 7.346 ..
.8871 .8866 .8860 .8855 .8849. .8844 . . .8838 ..8833 ...8827 .8822
29 7.341 7.337 7.332 .. 7:328 7.. 323 7.318 . 7.314 7.309 ·· ..7.3()5 . 7.300
.30
.8816:
7.296
·.8811
7.291
.8805
7.287
..8800.
7.282
.8794. .··:,81a9
7.278 7.273
.8783 .
7.268
.ans·
7.264
.8112
7~259
· .8161
7.255 ..
,1· ..
..
·..8762. .8756 .8751 .8745 .8740. . :8735. .8729 .8724. . .8718 .8713
31 7.251 ·. 7.246 ·. 7.242 7.238 . 7.233 J.228 . 7.224 7.219 .7.215 .7.211

I
.8708 .8702 .8679 .8692 . .8686 .8681 .· ..8676 ..8670 .8665 .8660
32. 7.206 1.202 1.198 7.193 7.188 7;1B4 1.180 ·1.116 ·.7.11~ 1.161
.. 8654. .8649 .8644 .8639 .8633 .8628 ·. .8623 · .8618 ...8612 .8607
33 7,163 7.158 1:153 7.149 7.145. 7.141 .7.137 7.132 .... 7:.128 . 7.123 .
.8602 .8597 ·..8591 .8536 .8581 . ..8576. .8571 .. 8565 .8560 .8555
34 7.119 7.115 7.111 7.106 7.102 .7.098·· 7.093 7.089. .7.085 7.081
35
. ·.8550
7.076
.8545 .8540 ..8534 .8529 ..8524 .8519 . . .8514 .8509 •. 8504 ~
I:
1.012 1.os1 7.063 1.oss 1:055 · 1.051. 1.04·· .· 7;042 1.038
·.8498 ... 8493 .8488 .8483 .8478 .8473 . .8468 . · .. 84f.l3 .· .8458 .8453

-
36 7.034 ·.
7.030 . 7.026 7.022 7.01.8 7.013 7.009 7.005 7.001 6.997
.. 8448· .8443 ..8438. .8433 .8428 ..8423 . .8418 .8412 .8408 .8403
37 6.993 ·. 6.989 6.985 . 6.980 ·. 6.976 · 6.972 6.968. 6.964< 6.960 6.955

,, l
..8398
.aa93 .8388 .8383 .8378 · · ..8373 .8368 ·· .8363 .8358 :8353
38 6.951 6.947 6.943 . 6,939 6.935 .·6.930 6.926 6.922 6.918 6.914
.8348 .8343 .8338 .8333 ..8328 .. 8324i .8319 .8314 .8309 .8304
39 6.910 . 6.906 6.902 6.898 6.894 . 6.890 ' 6.886 6.882 6.878 6.874
.8299 ..8294. .8289 .8285 .8280 .8275 .. 8270 .8265 .8260 .8256
40 6.870 6.866 6;862 6.858 6.854 6.850 6.846 6.842 . 6.838 . 6.834 : .
.8251 .8246 .8241 .8236 .8232 .8227 .8222 .. 8217 .8212 .8208 . ~ •.
41 6.830 6.826 6.822 6.818 6.814 6.810 6.806 6.802 . 6.798 6.794
.8203 .8198 . .8193 .8189 .8184 .. 8178 .8174 .8170 .8165 .8160 ,.~..
':'[:' 1··'i
'
·~ .

~~ . "

'
I
 · ·· ruperue~ 01. L1qu1u~
' l . ' .
. '
.
Pounds per gallon and specific gravities corresponding
to degrees API at 60°f (qontinued) . .
·:

Tenths of Degrees
Deg
AP! 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9
42 6.790 6.786 6.782 6.779 6.775 6.771 6.767 6.763 6.759 6.756
.8155 .8151 .8146 .8142 .8137 .8132 .8128 .8123 .8118 .8114
43 6.752 6.748 6.744 6.740 6.736 6.732 6.728 6.724 6.720 6.716
.8109 .8104 .8100 .8095 .8090 .8086 .8081 .8076 .8072 ..8067
44 6.713 6.709 6.705 6.701 6.697 6.694 6.690 6.686 6.682 6.679
.8063 .ease .8054 .8049 .8044 .8040 .8035 .8031 .8026 .8022
45 6.675 6.671 6.667 6.663 6.660 6.656 6.652 6.648 6.645 6.641
.8017 .8012 .8008 .8003 .7999 .7994 .7990 .7985 .7981 .7976
46 6.637 6.633 6.630 6.626 6.622 . 6.618 6.615 6.611 6.607 6.604
.7972 .7967 . .7963 .7958 . .7954 .7949 .7945 .7941 .7936 .7932
47 6.600 6.596 6.592 6.589 6.585 6.582 . 6.578 6.574 . 6.571 6.567
.7927 .7923 .7918 .7914 .7909 .. 7905 .7901 ..7896 .7892 .7887
48 6.563 6.560 6.556 6.552 6.548 6.545 6.541· 6.537 6.534 6.530
.7883 .7879 ..7874 .7870 .7865 .7861 ·.7857 .7852 .7848 .7844
49 6.526 6.523 6.520 6.516 6.512 .. 6.509 6.505 . 6.501 6.498 6.494
.7839 .7835 .7831 . .7826 .. 7822 .7818 .7813 .7809 7805 .7800
50 6.490 6.487 6.484 6.480 6.476 6.473 6.469 6.466 .6.462 . 6.459
.nss .7792 .778~ .7783 .1ns .7775 .7770 .7766 .7762 . .7758
51 6.455 6.451 ·6.448 6;445 . 6.441 6.437 . 6.434. 6.430 6.427 6.423
.7753 .7749 .7745 .7741 .•7736 .7732 .7728 .7724 .7720 . .7715
52 6.420 6.416 6.413 6.410 6.406 6.402 6.399 6.396 6.392 .. 6.389
.7711 .7707 .7703 .7699 .7694 .7690 .7686 ..7682 .7678 .7674
53. 6.385 6.381 6.378 6.375 6.371 6.368 . 6.365 6.360 6.357 .· 6.354
.7669 .7665 .7661 .7657 . .7653 .7649 .7645 ..7640 .7636 .7632
54 6.350. 6.347 6.344 6.340 6.337 6.334 6.330 6.326. 6.323 6.320
.7628 .7624 .7620 .7616 .7612 .7608 .7603 .7599 .7595 .7591
55 6.316 6.313 . 6.310 6.306 6.303· 6.300 6.296 6.293 6.290 6.287
.7587 .7583 .7579 .7575 .7571 .7567· .7563 .7559 .7555 .7551
56 6.263 6.280 6.276 5;273 ·. 6.270 6.266 6.263. 6.259 6.256 .6.253
.7547 .7543 ..7539 .7535 .7531 .7527 .7523 .. 7519 .7515 .751,
57 6.249 6.246 6.243 6.240 6.236 6.233 6.229 6.226 6.223 6.219
.7507 .7503 .7499 .7495 .7491 .7467 .7483 .7479 .7475 .7471
58 6.216 6.2f3 6.209 6.206 6.203 6.199 6.196 6.193. 6.190 6.187
.7467 .7463 .7459 .7455 .7451 .7447 .7443 .7440 .. 7436 .7432
59 6.184. 6.180 6.177 6.174 . 6.170 6.167. 6.164 6.161 6.158 6.154
.7428 .7424 .7420 .7416 .7412 .7408 .7405 .7401 .7397 .7393
60 6.151 6.148 . 6.144 6.141 6.138 6.1~5 6.132 6.129 6.125 6.122
.7389 .7385 .7381 .7377 .7374 .7370 .7366 .. 7362 .7358 .7354
61 6.119 . 6.116 .. 6.113 6.109 ·. 6.106 6.103 6.100 6.097 6.094 6.090 ·.
. 7351 .7347 .7343 .7339 .7335 .7332 .7328 . .7324 .7.320 .7316
62 6.087 6.084 6.081 6.078 6.075 6.072 . 6.068 6.065 6.062. 6.059
;7313 .7309 .7305 .7301 .7298 .7294 .7290 .7286 .7283 . .7279
63 6.056 6.053 . 6.050 6.047 6.044 6.040 6.037 6.034 6.031 ·.6.028
.7275' .7271 .7268 .7264 .7260 .7256 .7253 .7249 .7245 .7242
64 6.025 6.022. 6.019 6.016 . 6.013 6.010. 6.007 6.004 6.000 5.997
.7238 .7234 .7230 .7227 .7223 .7219 .7216 .7212 .7208 .7205
65 5.994. 5.991 5.988 5.985. 5.982 5.979 5.976 5.973 5.970 5.967
.7201 .7197 .7194 .7190 .7186 .7183 .7.179 .7175 .7172 .7168
66 5.964. 5.961. 5.958 5.955 5.952 5.949 5.946 5.943 5.940 5.937
.7165 .7161 .7157 .7154 ,7150 .7146 .7143 .7139 .7136 .7132
67 5.934 5.931 5.928 5.925 5.922 5.919 5.916 5.913 5.910 5.907
.7128 ·. :7125 .7121 .7118 ..7114 .7111 .7107 .7013 .7100 .7096
66 5.904 5.901 5.898. 5.895 5.892 5.889 5.886 5.883 5.880 5.877
.7093 .7089 .7066 .7082 .7079 .7075 .7071 .7068 .7064 .7061
69 5.874 5.871 5.868 5.866 5.863 5.860 5.857 5.854 5.851 5.848
.7057 .7054 .7050 .7047 .7043 .7040 .. 7036 .7033 .7029 .7026
70 5;845 5.842 5.839. 5.836 5.833 5.831 5.828 5.825 '5.823 5.820
.7022 .7019 .7015 .7012 .7008 .7005 .7001 .6998 .6995 .6991
71 5.817 5.814 5.811 5.808 5.805 .5.802 5.799 5.796 5.793 5.791
.6988 .6984 .6981 .. 6977 .6974 .6970 .6967 .6964 .6960 .6957
72 5.788 5.785 5.782 5.779 5.776 5.773 5.771 . 5.768 5.765 5.762
.6952 .6950 .6946 .6943 .6940 .6936 .. 6933 .6929 .6926 .6923
73 5.759 5.757 5.754 5.751 5.748 5.745 5.743 5.740 5.737 5.734
.6919. .6916 .6913 .6909 .6906 .6902! .6899 .6896 .6892 .6889
74 5.731 5.728 5.726 5.723 5.720 5.718. 5.715 5.712 5.709 5.706
.6886 .6882 .6879 .6876 .6872 .6869: .6866 .6862 .6859 .6856
.I

4-7
 ' ' .. ; .. .. . . . . ' .

.I "J lngersolM>resser ~ulllps > Cameron Hydraulic Data

. . . . . . . " - .

. Pounds per gallon and specific gravitie·s ~orresponding .··.·.

· · ...to degre.es
·.
API at
:
_60°F (Continued)·
.', ._.
·· ·
;
· ' '

Tenths of Degrees .·
Deg ..
API 0 1 2 3 : 4 5 6 7·
.
8 .·.9
.
75 5.703 5.70'1 5.698 5.695 5.693 5.690 5.687. 5.685·. 5.682
.6852. .6849 5.679
..6846 .6842 .6839 .6836 .. 6832 .:SS29 .6826 .6823 .·
76 5:676 5.673 5.671 5.668• 5.665 5..662 5.660 5.657 5.654 5.652.
.stl19 .6816 .6813 ·..6809 .'6806 .6803. Ji800· . :6796 . . .im!3 . .6790
77 5.fi49 5.646 5.643 5.641 ··· 5.638. 5.635 . 5.632. 5.630 5.627 .·. ·5.624
.6787 ..6783 ..6780 . ..sn1 .6774 :6770 ..6767. .6764 .6761 .6757
78 5.622 5.619 5.617 .· . 5.614 5.611. ·5.608· ..... 5.606 5.603 ·. 5.600 5.598
.6754 .6751 .6748 .6745 :6741 .6738. .· .6735 .· .. 6732 . .. 6728 :6725 .
79 5.595. 5.592 5.590 . 5.587. 5.584 . 5.582 5.579 . 5.577 5.574 .
.. 6722' 5.571 .
.6719. .6716 . .6713 .6709 ..6706 . . .6703 ... 6700 .6697
80 5.568 5.566 _5.563 .6693 .
5.561 5.558 5.556 5.553 5.550 .. 5.548 5.545.
.6690 .6687 .6684 .6681 .6678 . ·.• .6675 .6671 .6668
. 81 5.542 5:540.. . 5.537 ;6665 .6662
5.534. 5.532 5.529 5.526 .5.524 . ·5.522·. · 5.519
.6659 .. 6656 .6653 .6649 .6646. .. 6643 .6640 .6637
··. ·02. .5.516' 5:5;4 . :· 5.511 ..6634 ·. •.6631
5.5oa·· ·5.506 5.503 . 5.501 . 5.498 .. . 5.496.. 5.493 ..
.6628i .6625 ... 6621 .6618 .... 6615 ·. .6612 ...6609_ .6606 .6603 ·..·
83 5.491 5.489 5.486 .6600-
).483. 5.480 : 5.47.7 5.475 5.472 ._-.5.470 S.467
.6597. .. 659{ ... 6591 .· .. 6588 .6584 .6581. •..657!3 __. .. '.6575 . .6572
84 5.465. 5.462. ·5:455 ·. ;8559
5.460 5.455 .. 5.453. . 5.450 ·_.·· -.i:i.448 . 5.445 5:443·
85
.6566
5.440.
.6536
.6563
5.437·· ·_
s::;~o. 5.432 .6557 . ..655.4
•. 5:430.
.6551.
. 5.427·
.654.8
5.425 . .5.422 ..•.
.6545- ..6542
. 5.420·•
. ..6539•
.· 5.417 ..
.6533 .6530. .6527 .6524 .. 6521 ..6518 .. 6515 .. ..6512
86 5.415 5.412 . 5.4_10 .6509
.5:407 . 5.40$. 5.402 ... 5.400 '5.397. 5.395 5.392
- - - ~650.!L . .6503 .. 6500 .. 6497 .6494 · , .. 6491 ·,6488. ...6485 . .6482• . .6479
87. 5.390 -!:C3ar -5:38s-··· CS.'38'2, - - 5:380'
7

-- S:31i. ·..,. -S;375-,,- -5:312- ~~ -5;310-·. -5..-367-

;6476 .6473 .. 6470 -.6467 .6464 .6461 . .6458 .6455
Si! 5.365. 5.363. .6452 .6449
5.36L 5:358 . . 5.356 5.353- _·.·5.351 ·5,345•· 5.346
.6446 .6444 I•
.. 6441 5:34.3
89 5.341 .
.. 6438 ..6435 .6432 .6429. ..•. 6426. .6423 .6420
5.338 .5.336 .. '5.334 $.331 ,. 5.329 .. 5.326 ·-·5.324. · ·_.· 5.321 5.319.
.6417 .6414 .. 6411 .64o9· ... 6406 .6403. . :6400·
90 5.316 5.3i4 .6397. .6394 :6391
5.312 ,. 5:310 5.307 5.305. . 5.302 '.: 5.300 5.297. 5.295
.6388 .6385 ·.6382'~ .. ·.· .6380 ·. :6377 .6374 :637t
91 5.293-· .. ·.6368 ..6365 .. .636.2
5.291 5.288 5.286 . 5.283 5.21H 5.278 5.276 5.274 ·.
.6360 .6357 ' .6351 . .5.271.
.6354 .6348 ·...6345' '.6342 .6340. . .6337··
92 5.269 5.266. 5.264 ·. . 6334
.5.262. .. ·• 5.260.·· 5.257 . 5.254 .'· ·S.252 .. $.250 ·.. 5,248 •. ·
.6331 .6328 .6325 .6323 •..6320 ~63i7··· . .6314 ..6311
93 . 5.245 .. ;6309 .6306
. 5,243. 5.241 _5.238 5.236 .. · 5.234 ... 5.232 5.22~ ·. 5.227
.6303 ...6300. .. 6297'. .6'294 . 5.225
.6292 .9289• ..6286 ···_.6283 . .6281 .•.6278
94 5.222 .5.220. 5.217 · . 5.215 _5.213 5.211 ·.. 5.208. 5.200·· .5.204 5.201
.6275 .6272 .6269 .6261 .6264 ~6261. .6258 ·. :6256
95 5.199 5.196 ..:6253 .6250 .
'5.194. ... 5'.192 .· 5.190 5.187. ·. .5.185 .··s._1a3·· . 5.180 ·.
. 6247 .6244 . . . .6242 .6236 . 5.179 .
.. .. 6239 .6233 .6231'·. .6228 .6225 .6223
96 5.176 5.174 . . 5.172 . 5.170. • 5.167 5.164
., 5.162< . 5:160 • 5.158 5.156 ..
.6220 .6217 .6214 ·.. .6212 .6209. .6206 . .6203 . .6201
97 5.154 5.151 . 5.149 .6198 ;6195
5.146 5.144 5.142 5.140 . . 5.138 .5.136 .. 5.133
.6193 .6190 .6187 .6i84 .s1e2· . :6179 :6176 .• ':6174
98 5.131. 5.129 .6171 .6168
5.126 .•· 5.124 . 5.122. 5.120 5.118 . .· 5.116 .. 5.na·.
.616$ . .6163. 5.111 .
.6160 .6158 . .6155 .6152 .6150 .•..6147' . · .6144
99 5.109· 5.107: ...6141
.6139 ..6136 5:!~j4 ... 5.102 5.100. ·• ·.5.098 . . . 5.096.···_.··' 5.093 . 5~091 5.089 .
.6131 .6128 ... 6126 ~6123 •.. 6120 .6118' .6115
100 5.086 .. · -5.09 . 5.09 5.08 .. 5.08. . 5.0.8 ' . 5.08· . 5.07 .
.6112. .6110 5.07 ·5.07 '""'·
.6107 .. 6104 .6102 .6099 .6097 .6094 .6091
101 5.07 5.07 S.os 5.06 6089·
5.06 . 5.06 5.05 ·. 5.05 . 5.05 5.05
.6086.··.
102 5.05
.6083'
. 5.04
,6081 .60_78 .6076·-· .6073 . .6070 .. :sosa ·.6065 . ·.6063
. 5.04 5.04 ·5.04 . 5.04· 5.03. 5.03.···. . 5.03
.6060 .605_8 .6055 5.03 .,
.6052. .6050 . .6047 .6044 .6042 .. 6039 .6037
103 5.02 5.02 5.02 ·. 5.02 . 5.02 5.01 5.0.1 5.01 5.01. 5.01
.6034 .6032 .6029 .6026 . .6024. ,5021 ·.. 6014
.6019 .6016 .6011
104 5.00 5.00 s.oo· 5.00 4.99·' 4.99 4.99 4.99 4;99 4.98.
.6008 .6006 .6003 .. 6001 .. 5998 .5996
105 4.98 .5993 ,5991 .5988. .. 5986
4.98 4.98 . 4,98 4.97 4.97 4.97
.5983 4.97 4.97 . 4.96
.5981 .5978 .· ·.5976 .5973 ..5970 .5968
106 4.96 4.96 .5965 ..5963 ..5960
4.96 4.95 . 4.95 .·. 4.95 4·,95 '4,95 4.94 ·4.94
.5958 .5955 .5953. :5950 .5948 .5945. ~5943 .5940 .5938 .5935
107 4.94 4.94 4.94 4.93 .·. 4.93. 4.93 4.93 4.93 . 4.92 4.92
.5933 .5930 .5928 :ss2s .5923 ... 5921 .5918 .5916 .5913 .5911

4-8
 P loperties of Liquids 1.
I
I
!

Pounds per gallon and specific graviiies corresponding

. . to degrees API at 60°F (Cottinued) .

Tenths of Degrees
Deg
API 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a 9
108 4.92 4.92 4.92 4.9' 4.91 4.91 .91 4.91 4.90 4.90
.5908 .5906 .5903 .5901 .5898 .5896 .5893
109 4.90 4.90 .5891 .5888 .5886
4.90 4.89 4.89 4.89 .89 4.89
.5884 .5881 4.88 4.88
110 4.86 4.88
.5879
4.87
.5876
4.87
.5874
4.87
.5871
4.87
I .sase .5867 .5864 .5862
r-87 4.86 4.86 4.86
.5859 .5857 .5854 .5852

r
.5850 .5847 .5845 .5842 .5840 .5837
111 4.86 4.86 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.85 4.84 4.84 4.84
.5835 .5833 .5830 .5828 .5825 .5823 .5821
112 4.84 .5818 .5816 .5813
4.84 4.83 4.83 4.83 4.83 .83
.5811 4.82 4.82 4.82
.5909 .5806 .5804 .5802 .5799 .5797 .5794
113 4.82 .5792 .5790
4.82 4.82 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4.81 4~80
.5787 .5785 4.80
.5783 .5760 .5778 .5776 [.5773 .5771 .5768'
114 4.80 4.80 .5766
4.80 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.79 4.78
115
116
.5764
4.78
.5740
4.76
.5761
4.78
.5738
4.76
.5759
4.78
.5736
. 4.76
0
.5757 .
4.77
.5733
.5754
4.77
.5731
4.75.
.5752.
4.77
.5729
r;so.77
.5726
.. 5747
4.77
.5724
.5745
4.76.
.5722
4.78
.5743
4.76
.5719
4.76. 4.75 . .75. 4.75 4.75 4.74
.5717 .5715 .5713· .5710 .5708 .5706 .5703 .5701
117 4.74 .5699 .5696
4.74 . 4.74 4.74 4.73 4.73 4.73 . 4.73 4.73
.5694 4.73
.56~2 .5690 .5687 .5685. .5683 .5678' .5676 . ~5674
118 4.72
.5671
4.72
.5669 .
4.72
.5667
4.72
.5665
4.72
.. 5662
4.71
.5660
t·5680
.71 ..
.5658
4.71
.5655
4.71 .
.5653
4.71
.5651
119 4.70 . 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.70 4.69 4.69. 4.69 . 4.69
.5649 .5646 .5644 .5642 .5640 .5637 • t69• 5~_5_
120 ·4:69 - . ·4.68 . . 4.68 - . '·4:5s · ·4.68" . '·
.5633 ~5§3! - _.5628
.il.68~ ~ .67 . . ·4:s1 · · .4.67 4.67
.5626 .5624 .5622 .5620 .5617 .5615 . j .5613 ..5611
121 .5608 .5606
4.67 4.67 4.66 4.66 4.66 4.66' . 4.66 4.65
.5604 4.65 4.65
.5602

r!··
.5600 .5597 .5595 .5593 .5588 .5586 .5584 .
122 4.65 4.65 4.64 . 4.64 4.64 4.64 4.64 4.63 4.63
.5582 .5580 ,5577 .5575 .5573 .. 5571 .5569 .5566 .5564 .5562
123 4.63 4.63 4.63 4.62 4.62 4.62 .62 .. 4.62. 4.62 4.61
.5560 .5558 .5556 .5553 :s551 .5549 .5547 .5545 t.
124 4.61 .5542 .5540
4.61 4.61 4. 61 4.61
.5538 .5536 .5534
4.60 .60 . 4.60 4.60 4.60 I
.5532 .5530 .5527 . .5525
125 4.59 4.59 4.59 . 4.59 . 4.59 . 4.59 4.56
.5523
4.58
.5521
4.58
.5519 .
4.58
l
.5517 .5514 .5512 .5510 .5508 .5506 J .5504. .5502 .5499 .5497
126 4.58 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57 4.57• 4.57 . 4.56 t.

·r
4.56 4.56
.5495 .5493 .5491 .. 5489 .5487 .5484 '.5482 .5480 .5478 .5476
127 4.56
.5474
.4.56
.5472
4.56
.5470
4.55
.5468
4.55
.5465
4.55
.5463 .5461
4.55
.5459
4.54
.5457
4.54
. .5455
I
1·
128 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.54 4.53 4.53 .53 4.53
129
.5453
4.52
.5451
4.52
.5449
4.52
.5446
4.52
.5444
4.52
.5442 .. ".5440
4.51 .51 .
.5438
4.51
4.53
.5436
4.51
4.53
.5434
4.51
I
~:~··
.5432 .5430 .5428 .5426 .5424 .5421 .5417 .5415 ..5413
130 4.51
.5411
4:50
.5409
4.50
.5407
4.50
.5405
4.50
.5403
4.50
.5401 .5399
4.49
.5397
4.49
.5395
4.49 I I
131 4.49 4.49 4.49 4.48 4.48 4.48 48 4.48
.5393 !
4.48 4.47
.5390 .5388 .5386 .5384 .5382 .5380 .5378 .5376 .5374
132 4.47 .5372
4.47 4.47 4.47 4.47 4.46 .46 4.46 4.46 4..46
.5370 .5368 .5366 .5364 . .5362 .5360 .5358 .5356 .5354
133 4.46 .5352
4.45 4.45 '4.45 4.45 4.45 r.-45 . 4.44 4.44 4.44
.~350 .5348 .5346 .5344 .5342 .5340 .5338 .5336 .5334
134 .5332
4.44 4.44 4.44 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43 4.43
r.43 4.42
.5330

("
.5328 .5326 .5324 .5322 .5320 .5316 .5314 .5312
135 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42 4.41 4.41 4.41 4.41
136
.. 5310
4.41
.5308
4.40
.5306
4.40
.5304
4.40
.5302
4.40
.5300
4.40
.5298
.40
.5296
4.39
.5294
4.39
.5292
4.39
..
.5290 .5288 .5286 .5284 .5282 .5280
'
.5278 .5276 .5274 .5272
137 4.39 . 4.39 4.39 4.38 4.38 4.38 !4.38 4.38 4.38 4.37
.5270 .5268 .5266 .5264 .5262 .5260 1.5258 .5256 .5254
138 4.37 .5252
4.37 4.37 4.37 4.37 4.36 14.36 4.36 4.36 4.36
.5250 .5249 .5247 '·.5245 .5243 .5241
139 4.36
.5231
4.35
.5229
4.35
.5227
4.35
.5225
4.35
.5223
4.35
.5221
.5239
14.35
.5219
.5237
4.35
.5218
.5235
. 4.34
.5216
.5233
4.34
.5214
..
Values from 10.0 to 100.0 API from tables published by American Petrole um Institute.
Values above 100.0 API calculated by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.

. -··-- - " 4-9

 j
I

.....
0
11
Physical Properties of Calcium Chloride (CaCl2)

Calcium chloride
· · and Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
. . ...

Sodium.chloride
.
-·-·
·'51··
:I
Degrees Specific· Degrees · o/o CaCl 2 Freezing ·. Sp.eciflc 1· Oegr.ees Degrees· · "lo NaCl Lb NaCl F reezing ca
gravity . Baume. Salometer· by per.gallon point 0I» . . -u~
Bau me gravity · Salometer
60°F
by
weight. Note·
point
"F .. ao·1so·r=. . · 6Q?F 60°F. weight solution
"F .
- ;:·
=
60°F · 60"/60/F
.. n .0
0 · Commercial CaC11 is available in . 32. 1.000 0 . . 0 0 . 0 . 32.0 . 2· . .
0 . 1.000 . 0
1. 1.007 4 . 1 several degrees of hydration 31.1 ·. ·. 1.007. ·. 1.04 . 3.8 1 0.084 30.5
29.3 . ·
3 II .
30.4 . 1.015 .2.01 . 7.6 2 0.169
.'. 2.1 .1.015 . 8 2
.0.256 27.8 0 ., .
·.29;5 1.022· . 3.08 11.4 3
. 3.4
4.5
1;024
1.032
12
16 ·.·
3
·4 28.6. • 1.029 4.08 15:2 4 0.344. 26.6 ~· ;I
5.7
6.8
.1.041
1.049 ..
22
26.
5
6
. It also pi~ks up moisture fror:n the .
atmosphere.
27.7 ..
26.G
. 1.036.
. 1.044
5.07
6.07
18.9
22.7
5
6
0.433
0.523
25 2
23.9
... .
22.5 . CD .
-·
a. "'.
"'
.a·
,., .
. 32 .7 .· 25.5 . . 1.051 7.06 26.5 .7 0.617
8. 1.058 21.2 - .. .
9.1 1.067 36 8 24.3. 1.059 . 8.0.1 . 30:3 8 0.706 .· 0 ... .
10.2 .. 1.076. 40 •. ·9 22:tr 1.066 8.97. 33.9 9 0.802 . 19.9. ....
"'. c:v
. 21.3. . 1.073 9.90 37.5 10 0.697. 18.7. 0 9
11.4 1.085 44 10 Solutions stiould therefore, be 17. 4 . !:!,.. iiil
12.5 1.094 48. 11 made by.reference to hydrometer 19~7 ·1.osf '10.8.6· 41,;3 11 0.994
16.0 I» .,,
12 . ' reading.·· . 18.1 . 1.089 11.BO. .42.2 .. 12 1.092 .
13.5 1.103 52
16.3 . . 1.096 12.73 49.2• 13 1.190 14.7 .:s tn.
14.6 1.112 . 58
62
13
14. 14.3 .. .· 1.104 13.64 53.0 .· 14 L289. . 13. . a.
·15.6 1.121
. 15 12.2 .. 1.11.1 14.54 .
...
56.8 15 1.389 . 12.2·. g> .
· 16.8 ·.. · 1.131 68 16 1.495. 11.0 .. ;a. ('"')
15·· ·. 1.119 15.46 60.6
:3 ·.. ""'s···
17.8 1.t40 . 72' 10. 9.8 . -· . $'lJ
7:5 1.127 16.37 ·· 64.4 17 . 1.602
19; 1.151 . 76. . 1.7 . . 68.2 ..·· 8.5·
20. 1.160 80.· .. 18 ·. .4.6: . 1.135 17.27. .. . 18 1.7.10
1.3 · ..l o · .·
.·. 1.7. .. ,··1.143 18.16 .· 71.9 19 1.819 : ""'S.··
\.II.
. 21 ... 1.169 .84 19
.,-f.4 .1.151 19.03 ... 75.5 20 1.928 6:1 ':!: 0
22. · 1.179 88 20 . 79;1 21 2.037 .. 5.0. 0 . ~
·· 1.188. 92 ·2.1 · -:-4.9 .. . t.159 . 19.92 •
23.
.:..a.6 U68 . 20.80 83.0 . 22 2.147 3.9 ::::. . .
. 24. · U98 96 .22 . 2.266 2; B ' C. •· Jo-r-<I
1.208. 23. ..... 11.6 1.116. 21.68 . . 86.9. 23 17 1-l-t
25. 100 2.376
! (I) .
24 ..:.11.1 1.184 22.54• . 90.9 24 . - '-<'
I
26 .. .· 1.218 104

108 25 .-21.8
...
· 1.192 23.39 94.7 2.488 +0.5
1.1
iZ
:l»
0...
""'S
27.. 1.229 98.5 25
26 2.610
1.239 . 112 26 .;_27. 1.201 24.27 16 '0 $'lJ
28. . 100. . 2.66.1
29. . 1.250 116. 27 -32.6 1.204 24.60 26.395 . !..::::: i:::
.........
1.261 . 120 . 28 ..c39_2
. 30. j . ..... •

. 1.272 124 29 -46.2 ! ('.".)

. 31.
-54.4
32. . 1.283. 128 30 t j ..
. Temperature correction 1n Salometer to every 7WF added to rea~ing lortemperatures above 60"F: subtr~Cted below. , I $'lJ
. •Specific gravity of soa wator. · · · · · · · · · · · ·. · · .-+
.. SJJ·

~~... ... "·; .. . ' ....

, ;. ·~ .. -·-·"""" ,:-.... "~.-·~-· '.,;~~
·.. ·· .. · .... ,.
~ . ...~" " ~....
~l~- i·~---~·-l'···~,,_~,i'/11)/.k,.·
: ..
· ; .... ~ .
·J./. .. ;c· . Li'~\fiit·:.~t...:. ..

._.,._,,#.._._.....,. ..,":~_,__,.,,,~•9't•c,,...,At:A,tlA,f.At,I. . -"' . ~ "' . . . . . . . . . . ./I

 r •• .,• .,·, ,,.• ·, ~;.

· P operties of Liquids

Specific Gravity of Caustic

. .
soba
1
Solutions
15°C (59°F) by Lunge
One gallon
contains
Specific· Degrees Degrees Per cent Pe.r cent pounds pounds
gravity Bau me Twaddell NaOH Na20 NaOH Na2 0
!

1.007 1.0 1.4 0.61 0.47 0.051 0.039

1.014 2.0 2.8 1.20 0.93 0.101 0.079
1.022 3.1 4.4 2.00 1:55 0.170 0.132
1.029 .. 4.1 5.8 2.70 2.10 0.232 0;180
1.036 5.1 7.2 3.35 2.60 o.2a9 0.225
1.045 . 6.2 9.0 4.00 3.10 0.345 0.268
1.052 7.2 10.4 4.64 3.60 0.407 0.316
1.060 8.2 12.0 5.29. 4.10 0.467 0.362
·1.067 9.1 13.4 5.87 . 4.55 0.522 0.405·
1.075 10.1 15.0 6.55 5.08 0.587 0.455
1.083
1.091.
1.100
1.108
1.116
11.1
12.1
13.2
14.1
15.1
16.6
18.2
20.0
21.6 .
23.2
7.31
8.00
8.68
9.42 ..
10.06
5.67
6.20
6.73
7.30
7.80.
0.660
0.728
0.796.
0.870 ..
0.512
0.564
0.617
0.674
II··.
0.936 0.726
1.125 16.1 25.0 10.97 8.50 1.029 0.797
1.134 17.1 . 26.8 . 11.84 9.18 1.119 0.868
1.142 · 1a.o 28.4 12.64. 9.80 1.203 . 0.933
1.152 19.1 30.4 .13.55 ·10.so 1.301 1.008
'1.162 20.2 32.4. 14.37 11.14 1.392 1.079
1.171 21.2 34.2 15.13 11.73 1.477 1.145
1..180· 22.1 . 36.0 ·15.91 12.33 1.565 1.213
1.190 23.1 38.0 16.77 13.00 1.664 1.290.
1.200 24.2 40.0 17.67 13.70 1.768 1.371
1.210 25.2 42.0 18.58 14.40 . 1.874 1.453
1.220 26.1 44.0 19.58 15.18 1.992 . 1.554
1.231 27.2 46.2 20.59 15.96 2.113 1.638
1.241 28.2 48.2 . 21.42 16.76 . 2.216 1.734
1.252 29.2 50.4 22.64 17.55 2.363 1.832
1.263 30.2 52.6 23.67 18.35: 2.492 1.932
1.274 '31.2 54.B · 24.81 19.23 2.635 2.042
1.285 32.2 57.0 2·5.eo 20.00 2.764 2.143
1;297
1.308
33.2
34.1
59.4
61.6
26.83
27.90
20.80
. 21.55
2.901
.. 3.032
2.249'
2.350
II
1.320 !· 35.2 64.0 28.83 22.35 3.173 2.460 !

1.332 36.1 66.4 29.93 23.20 • 3.324 2.576

. 1.345 37.2 69.0 31.22 24.20 3.501. 2.714
1.357 38.1 71.4 32.47 25.17 3.673 2.848
1.370. 39.2' 74.0 33.69. 26.12 3.848 2.983
1.383 40.2 76.6 34.96 27.10 4.031 .3.125
1.397 41.2 79.4 36.25 26.10 4.222 3.273
1.410 42.2 82.0 37.47 29.05 4.405 3.415
1.424 43.2 84.8 38.80 . 30.08 4.606 3.571
1.438 44.2 a1:s 39.99 31.00 4.794 3.716 ...
1.453 45.2 90.6 41.41 32.10· 5.016 3.888
1.468 46.2 93.6 42.83 33.20 5.242 4.063
1.483 47.2 96.6 44.38 34.40 5.487 4.253
1.498 48.2 99.6 46;15 . 35.70 5.764 4.459
1.514 49.2 102.8 47.60 36.90 6.008 4.658
1.530 50.2 106.0 49.02 38.00 6.253 4.847
l
,.

..
• ,,!
4-11

••••
I ,I lllgetsoll·Dffsser Pumps ··Cameron Hydraulic Data
__United ·s.tates _Staodard Baume Scales

RelaUons betWeen Ba ume and Sf>eClflc. gravity degree~

· Liquids
.
heavier than
. ..
water ·
. Formula-Sp
·... < .. ·. ..gr::
. . ·. · .
. . •'. •'

145 . ·•.·•··
. · · ..
. . · .· •. . 145- 0 8 aume:

Bau me Sp Gr. Baume Sp Gr.· Bau me Sp Gr Bau me ·Sp Gr.

degrees 60""."·so"F · degrees· 60°-:60"F degrees 60°,-SO"F degrees. 60'-60T
0 ..... . 1.00000. 20 ' .... 1:16000.· 40 ..•.. ..·.1.38095 .. 60 ..... 1.70588
1 .... . 1.00694 21 1.16935 41 .... . ·1.39423· 61" ..•.. 1.72619
2 ····· 1.01399 22 .... . 1.17866 42·· .... . 1.40777 62 1.74699.
3 ..... 1.02113 . 23 ... .. 1.18652 43 .... . 1.42157. 63 .... : 1.76829.
4 ..•.. 1.02837 .·· . 24 .... > 1.19635. 44 .... . .
1.43564
.
. 64 •.. ·. •. 1.79012
5 ..... 1.03571 25 ... .. 1.20833' 45 . .. . . .. 1.45000 65 .... . un250
6 ····· 1.043"17' 26 ... .. 1.21849 46'. . . . . . 1..46465 Ei6 ... .. . 1.83544.
7 . 1.05072 27 1.22861 47 . . . . . . 1.47959 67• ....• 1.85897
8 .. : ..
9 ; ; ; ~ ..
1.05839 ..
1.0.6618 ·.. ·.
28
29
.... .
.... .
.1.23932.· .
1.25000
48 . . . . . 1.49485 .· . es ..... . . 1.88312 .
49 . . . . . 1.510:42 > . 69 .... . 1.90789>
10 .• ... . 1.07407 .. 30 . : ... . . 1.26087 ·. . 50 .. . . . 1.52632 7o .. ; .. 1;93333.
11 .... . 1.08209 .. 31 1.27193. 51 . . .... 1.54255 .. · 71 .... . .· 1.95946 ..
12 ..•.. 1.09023 32 ... ; . . 1.28319 . . 52 .1.55914 . . 72 .... . ·t.98630·
13 ..•.. 1.09848 33 .... . . 1.29464. 53 . . .. . .. 1:57609 . 73 .... . 2.01389
14 ... .. 1.10687 34 .... . .·· 1.30631 54 .. .. . 1.59341. .•. 74 .... . . . .•2.04225
15 .... . 1.11538 35 1.31818 .· 55 1.61111 . 75 .... . . 2.07143 .
16 ... .. 1.12403 36 .... : . · 1.33028 .· 56 .. .1.62921' . 76 ... .. . .2.10145
17 ... .. 1 .13281 . 37 ...... . ,1.34259 .· 57 . . . . . .. 1.64773. 77 ·.. 2~ 13235 .
18 1.14173 .. ·. 38· .:·,;. 1.35514 58 . . . . . 1.66667 .. '}8 ...•. . .. 2. 16418
19 ..... 1.15079 39 ..... ·1.36792 59 .... : : 1.68605 . .79 ..... 2.19697
' . ' . ' . ,' '. ·:, .

·.Liquids. lighter than\Yat~r .

·.. . . . 140 ·...
Formula-sp gr= · .. · · .. · .· · ·.. ·
. .
... ·
....· ·.
·. .
·
'
. ·· -
130
'
+ 0
. Baume
"' .
' ' . ' ,
~··.. J.. .

10 . . . .. 1.00000 3o . . ... . 0:81500 50 . ~ ...•.. · .··. 0:11118 · .70 , .... . .· 0~70000 .

11 ..... .99291 31 .. 86957 . 51 · •...... . ·...77348.
12 . . .. . .. 98592 . 32 ....... .86420. 52 .... . . ..76923
71
72
.... .
... ..
·.. 69652 .·
.69307•·
13 . . ... j~7902· .33• ..•. ; . . .85890 . 53 .... . . .76503 . .. 73 ..... . .68966 .
14 a•'•• .97222·.· . 34 · ... ;. .85366 . . 54 ......... ~76087... 74 : ... .. . .68627
15 . ..... .96552 . 35 ... .. . .84848 . 55 .... . ·.. :75676 . 75 .... . :68293.
16 ." ...~ .95890 36 .... .. · .84337 56 .... . .. 75269 . ·. 76 .... : . .67961 ·
17 • • * • .9$238 37 ..... .83832 . 57· ....'. .74866; .• . . 77 .... .
.. ... ... 67633
~

18 .94595 38 .... , .·.83333 .58 ..••.. .74468 . ·78 ... .. .. 67308 .·~
19 . . . .. .93960 39 ..... .82840 59 .... .
.. .74074. . 79 .: .. . .66986 ·.·
20
21
. . . ..
.....
.93333
.92715
•
40
41
. .. . .
. ...
.82353 ·
.81871 ·.
·.··
60 .... .
61 .... .
. . ~t3684 80 . ~; .~ .66667 . ·····1
. :,73298 .·
.· . 4-
~
81 ...... •.. . . .66351 .
22 . . . ... .92105 .•. 42 ..... . .81395 . 52· ... : .. . .72917 ,.. ·. 82 ..... . . .66038
23 ...... .91503 .·· 43 .... : .80925 63 : .. . : ..72539 .. 83 .... . .. , .65128
24 ..... .. 90909 44 . .. •.•

1
.80460 64 ... ,. .72165 . 84 · .... . .65421..
25 . . . ..

.,.
.90323 45 :aoooo . . 65 ..... . .71795 ·. . 65 . : .. . • .6511'7.
26 . . . .. .89744 46 .79545 . 66 .... . . .71428
27 .... . . 86 ..... . .64815 .
.. 89172 47 ..... .79096 67 .. .-: .. ....71066 87 ..... .
28 ..... .64516
.-
.a8aoa 48 .... "' .78652 68 ... .. .70707 .
29 ..... .88050 49 ..... .78212 69 ... .. .70352 ' ...
88 .... .
89 .... .
.64220
. .63927 .
.

:.
.

From Circular No. 59. Bureau of Standards.

.· .. :f.
.·-~
···~.·
::j!:
l-.
~~·
t
•
.i.

4-12
__ :. d :rf' . .. '9
 ·roperties of Liquids. :
!.•·:"·
I
I
I

. · ·. Specific Gravities ofSugaJ Solutions .

Per cent sugar (degrees Balling's or Brix) wi 'h corresponding specific

gravity and degrees Baume. Tem erature 60°F

DJ~
Per cent Per cent· Per cent
sugar sugar sugar
Balling's Balling's Balling's
or Brix Specific Degrees or Brix Specific or Brix Specific· Degrees
SO'°F- gravity Baume 60"F- gravity 60°F- grawrty Batrine
15.56°C 60"/SO°F 60°F . 15.56°C 60-/SO'"F 15.6°C 60"/60"F 60"F
0 1.0000 0.00 34 1.1491 18. 1 68 1.3384 36.67
1 1.0039 0.56 35 1.1541 19.~ 69 1.3447 37.17
2 1.0078 1.13 36 1. 1591 .19. I 70 1.3509 37.66
3 1.0118 1.68 37 1.1641 20.414 71 1.3573 . 38.17
4 1.0157 2.24 . 38 1.1692 20.98 72 J.3636 38.66 .
5
6
1.0197
1.0238
2.80
3.37
39
40
1.1743
1.1794
21.~2 73 1.3700 39.16
7 1.0278 3.93 41 1.1846 22.~
22. 0
74
75
1.3764
1.3829
39.65
40.15
8
9
10
1.0319
1.0360
1.0402 .
4.49
5.04
5.60.
42
43
44
1.1898
1.1950.
1.2003
g:t
24. 0
76
77
78
1.3894.
1.~959

1.4025
40.64
41.12
41.61 11~
11 1.0443 6.15' :45 1.2057 24~ ,4 79 1~4091 . 42.10
12 1.0485 6.71 46 .1.2110 25.26 . 80 1.4157 . 42.58
13 1.0528 7.28 47 1.2164 . 25.$0 81 1.4224 . 43.06
14 1.0570 7.81 48 •. 1.2218. ·26. 2 8:? 1.4291 . 43.54
15 1.0613 8.38. 49 1~2273 83 1.4359 . . 44.02
16 i.0657 8.94. 50 1.2328 84 1.4427 .·· . 44.49
17 1.0700 9.49 51 1.2384 . 85 1.4495 44.96
18 1.0744 . 10.04 52 .1.2439 86 1.4564 45.44
19 1.0788 10.59 53 . 1.2496 . 81 1.463-3 45.91
20 1.0833 11.15 54 1.2552 . . 29. Ba 1.4702. 46.37
21 1.0878 11.70 55 1.2609 89 1.4772. 46.84
22 1.0923 12.25 56 1.2667 . 30.r
30. 3 90 1.4842 47.31

"f .
23 1.0968. . . 12.80 57 . 1.2724 . 31. 5 91 ·. 1.4913. 47.77
24 1. 1014 13.35 . 58 . 1.2782 92 1.4984 48.23
25 1.1060 13.90 59 1.2841 32. 8 93 1.5055 48.69
26 1.1107 . 14.45. 60 1.2900 32. 0 94 . 1.5126 49.14
27 1.1154 i5;00 . 61 . 1.2959

~:r
95' 1.5198 49.59
28 1.1201 15:54 .· 62 1.3019 . 96 1.5270 . 50.04.
29 1.1248 . 16.19. 63 1.3079 34. 3 97 1.5343 59.49 .
30 1.1296 : 16.63 . 64 1.3139 .. 34. 4 98 1.5416 50.94.
31 1.1345 H.19 65 1.3200. ·. 35.~5 99 1;5489 51.39
32. 1.1393 17.73 66 .1.3261. 35.66 100 1.5563 51.93. '
33 1.1442 18.28 67 1.3323 36.~6
. ..
The above table is from the determinations of Dr. F. Plato. and h s been adopted as standard by the United
States Bureau of Standards. · · ·. · ·

4-13
I ) .lngersoll-DreSsel- ·Pumps ·.
.. ·... ·

·. . Specific Gravity and Temp~rat~re Relat'ions.- · · ·-·- ---~-- ·-·:·' "

. ,.•,....
Caiileron Hydraulic Data
. .
.

---e•
·-··
-Z
of Petroleum (Approximate} · ~- ·. . · . :

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} 1-;r./.--r~~~-.,.--
8. :~.·,
. .· .·e•~
.•
lo- 1 I I I I I 1 J I• I I / :/ ~ ·. ~(; v - ·

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j ' ' / ) '

1. • I I I I II / I / J / J J J, ~ , I ./ / / J ) r _/ ,....-... · J '

-i ~ .!~ 1\ ...J ...•. , I I _I_ f_f__L 1L L.Z_LJ_j, _J _;' ..t~

.j ., ·-·· ; .. g
I I I I 11 , . . ~, :1 I 1 J ) J , J ' r J , , ' ~ , ' . ' r /
f l ' f l ' ' , - 1] 1 177VII~t~/7/V~~ ., r·. ;
~-~~~~-~~~~~~·~~-~~~~~~·~~-~.~~-~
- 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0
. SPECIFIC GRAVITY AT °F
.
. . . .. .

Specific Gravity-J{eferred to water at. 60°F.

Example: oil with sp. gr. of 0.82 at 60°F _will have sp. gr. of 0.64 at 500°F.
Courtesy of Hydraulic Instit\lte.

4-14
 . -Itoperties of Liquids. ...
I
i
; .
~.
.
Specifi.c Gravity of Hydrdcarbons

I I

---~-----.---·-·· -.- ; .
; I
+-----+. --~----+--- .....-i
I '
--'--+---,..,...i_.;..,-+--,-.,.-; --,- ·
--+----- : !

I. : I

•·:. . I

I I I !
'

I
I

•;•.
.'c·) ! . :
-'----4----+~,.....+-__,,_.---1,----...,,--

)
.~)

.'.:)
•1.) -~ >-

.\.) .... .601--i-'~

0::
~ 55~~------------._._---.-__________________~--t

•.
.)

•)
,
-)
--
U •
LL.
u
&LI
--+~~__,~.--___,..,~:---'-~.-+--..-+-'~--i-41:~r-+---I

Q...50~...----1t---~~----"t--"~....,__~-+-,...or~

.).)
•.»
. }~'
en

•.
..)
)

.1,...
) I

~--+-+--+-·~+--·-++-+-....-t·~-,......+--~r+-~~--.--1~+-ir+--.-;........i
.1.,)
I

..)
.)
·~

·~·
.)

· 3 ~oo 0 100 200 600-

,,';
~
OF,

~ Drnwn h~ ln:r1·r~nll-Dn•>;;Pr Purnp; l.a•1•d on da1a from Gas Prores~ors & :'uppli ·rs Assn.

.{
~;
' 4-15
~
 I .) Ingersoll-Dresser Pump$ Cameron Hydraulic Data

Specific Gravity---Miscellaneous
' . .
Liquids . - . ~ . .

0
~_.:...:__ _ _.;,~-~--~~-~,._~---.....-~~--'-...-~~-~----It)

- - - · - ---i-----'-- - - -.. - .. -··-·, .. f(),

---!--· -----i--- -j-"-".-2!!!iof--.,-t-:- ....... - •

0 . ·--·
-·- , -
----·- ., --- . ... . -·- ~ ... _.,. - ..,. -·· --
···- - - i - - - - ----------
.:_~ .. - __,_______
,

0
It) 1--...:..---+-----+----+----ir"---,-'-+-----tr-~n---+----...---!. ()
- _ _ __... - - - · - -·-·-·--·--'--l----·+--- .. ft) , ,
'
.__~_..;..,_....____
' . ; ; _...... _
\ . I

I ~
..+-~"""""-: 0
. U')
" I .,__~...;,.....::. t\l'
·--r-:·
...__. .. ....:_ f - ~ - - _,__;,

~-!. !.-..:. ..... ·--- ........

I

0 : ; : ·,,,
·.2 --:;·- '., ·-· "'''"""'."~: .

0
U')
'
u ·.: .f·
• ...~
·~

.··.~
..
',•

·.o

.o -r-ij-'
I '. I · ~.··
an ···-!.. , ··- I
I
__I _.... ....-! I1 I
0 1-L .J._,_-1-...__-;.....;_'-+-'---,.._·1-1-
f-- .. :
I
I. I
8- I
I I
,i
i
'·
.
Cl)

- •
: <D
- ·- -. .-·"

SPECIFIC GRAVITY

I 4-16,
-t
 ' '

.· . · · ··. . · ·..· · · .· . J\-operties of Liquids

I I H2 so.i-
l.8
I ! Ag~03 .,,.v
v
.
'I
j /
1.7
I
,I c/
/ "'
i J '/

1.6
I

!
I I
I ,
i/
I J / ~

I / I /INaOH~
. . /
v '
! .
>- l. 5
. I// ;o~/ .. Iii
.
'
1-
.· .~··
a:: 1.4
' . )
H-- ,I
v
/
.. !'l"-:-Na N03 v

.
' C> .ZnS04 JV/ ./
V/·.
)
.Ir
V.1 '" ~ ~ ""~UGAR
• h~ 0 , I
.. .,,,'~
~ 1.3
'
i
..
.''.~ 0
L&J
;; v/ y v ..... l

i'
a. v
t~ ~ HCL. I / ·1
en I .2 A ' ,.
f
~v
I
V/ ~
~
I

w ~ .... / vv1
"
I
:

.·,=tm
LI I
v.· -KCL . i
~ ~~ . I . I

.~ ~
P'" '
I
1.0
- !

0.9
""""
' .....
~
~
.·
r-- NH ·
3
.
I

,....__
-- r---.
- ~ ........
.ETHYL
t-r-- ALCOHOL
r--.. I I
i
I

.I :
j
I

II-- ---
0.8
0 10 20 "
30 40
o/o by WEIGHT
. '
50 "
60 ·. 70 ·so 90 100 I II
.
l
j
~

.'
I

- !

iI•
!.
'.
I
!'
;

. IJrawn h!· Ingnsoll-l>n.·s~.. r Pump~ ha~l'd mi data rrom various <'h,.mi<'al haml~ >ok5.

____
4-17
_,

.
 I) lrrigersoll~Dresser Pumps . •Callleron Hydraulic Data . ~ . .

Sp-ecific··Gravity~of Refri~erant Liquids

. ··.·.·oc .
-40 ""30 ~20 10. 20 30

>- L 31--+--f--+--1--1---1~~~---'--+...,-:.....j~~~.,--1~~;.._-1---+--1

->-
.......
.

<t .
·~ 1.2~~~~~t---l~"'--1"'--l--l~~~--1--1_;___+~
. (!)

0
g;. I.I l-.,.,,.,.-+---+---+---1--1---r--!---t~---+--1--+--!---t--+....;;:,,,.,,.--=.;:;:;__;_;.----
o
. L1J
. ~ . ,1 .

·.en I .01---.--+-=P*~++-+--+--+--+--+--+--h-+-,...+_-4-+-+-..+:--!

\ METHYL
• CHLORIDE

. II
.!
0.61---t--~I.-f-----t-'--t-:--t-.~i--i___..--f~~f-.d--f--1r--l~--4-4~
1
1---+--._-1----1---1--+---.-'____,..__,_--1---1---1---1---t--...........J...---J AMMON IA
0.5..._,..._,..._..__.__.__..__.________~..__.__.__'--~--J__J~----- I I
-40 -20 .· . 0 . 20 . ·40 so... ··so· 100 . 120 140 . 160.
.. ·. •F ..

., . . . ·, ... ,' . '

Urawn h~· lngt•n;oll·Ur«'~~rr Pu~p~ basPtl on da1a from various refrigerant handbo~ks.

I 4-18
 P~operties of Liquids

V~por Pressure of Gas _lines .

10

·-
-
... . ........
. ... .... .
... $ •••••••••
·~
;

1.".
'' .. ..
JO t---+---+-'-:: --,--,
·: 1; I . :
.1 •• 1 •
----+---+I
. . -+--
t :. ::

••
: ! i : ; :.I .
. ! It I; ... , . '
• ~ t t t f • • I • •

. 1; i :: . :I ·
: : ~ I
: : ?:
. .' .
.....
:! :.r : '1 ·' ..
;; i:
; ; ':
! .. :.I
... '. .

..;

.,·I
·;::
REID 1.5

Vapor pr ·sure vs. t.mperature

....
........
'
for moto; and natural gasoline. ·
·I .....
.......~~,o~-"'-'M~~~~--'~~---1..~~~'---'-~~~~~~~'---,m'---'--+''--_.__1~~.........,__~1•~..__~1~..............,~
TIMl'l•AM&. DtGRHS JAHl.-111'

· y Chicago Bridge &: Iron Company

To determine the gage working pressure of a vessei to store any naturalf:oline: · ...
1. Determine the maximum liquid surface temperature reached or like! to be reached by the liquid during the
period of storage. . .
2. Th.e tvertical tempera.ture_ line intersects the Reid vapor pressure line I r the liquid being considered. at a definite
. pom. .
3. From the curve determine the initial vaJior presaure in pounds abeol at the left hand side horir.ontally from
the intersection mentioned in •2." I .
4. From the initial vapor pressure in pounds absolute subtract 14. 7. e result is the gage working pressure of
_the vessel required to· store that liquid, without evaporation loss. ·

-------'4=--'-19.
 · • ·~· lngersoll~Dresser Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic Data

. Vapor-Pressure of Hydrocarbons

' ·. TEMPERATURE . CELSIUS °C

. 0 . 20 50 100 150 ' 200

IQ
W.
a:: 8
' :::>
(/) 6 :
(/)
w ' l
4
' a:
0.
/ i ! r
I '
I ; I ·,

.. I I r
•

·.· . 0 ', 50 . . JOO . · 150 · · 200 250. 300 · ·. 400 500 .

·.· .. TEMPERATURE °F

··•· I .
I .

.I
! '
...~ ..
''@'. 'l
. • ~.o.t· t
,£·.. '
""'

'. '

·. 4-20

I
 Pi operties of Liquids

Vapor Pressure of Variouh Liquids

0
8_,....,....,._.........,...,...,._.,..--i--.....--~~1....--..-------~...........----~~---o
N V
- ! ..
-

o·
~-----+-+---_,__.__,....

--
I _____
1'.. : ;-..r--..
,~---,------_,_---1........._._._~_._..---..._...__o

,...._ "
o
f()

0
~·
N

••
.\

I.

'
i

Ii '

.
II !
I
I
I
I
I!\ I I\
o1......+-l-4-<~'4-l--t-+--\--1----'"!--;!......i.--;........i----Jl,.~~1\.--\--1----1-41-+-+-+-~~_,_-l-4--I I
!

0
oL,..;...i,o..._.o....1..1.c... o...........i--o-co....._._u:>....L.-v....__............N...........i-...1.o+col.-l--'<.01..-J...1'"""v..i....i.....i..-N._.___.__ tn
··1....1-......... ·
0 CX) U) ~· CJ - . _:!Q Q . Q Q 0 I
VAPOR PRESSURE Ps1J.

. .
I

IJra\\ II h~ l11~··r~c1ll-l>ri•,,:l'f l'ump~ ha~··rl 11r. o!JIJ from \'ariou~ ~ourrt·~.

""------1-------·-
4-21
 I) Ingersoll-Dresser PUll'lp$ ·.·. Ca~eroll HJdraulic Ifata
Vapor Pressure::of Refrigerant.Liquids .·. ··

0
lO

~:
tt~
H+"o
'
' .,.±8
I·
i
'I

I
·i
!
I
I
· I
·

:
•
I

I"
'
.
I
:
l

I
..
'.
1
'l
It
f

i
I
·:.
,.
f.
i
!
I
..'
I
I

'
l
.o.·
0
f'(")

0
LO

.0 H-----~
·O
'
!
. v !'
:

' ' "

I

!
";...
' N.

~ r-.
' o·
I
~
~
·1t_· . ;
!
' .... i
·'
0
(\J .
··~~·
).. I'..._
-~ \. I'
~ ,
\

''I\
\Y

' \
\.
Pl.
I ~

''
..
......

·~~
_
0
LO .
(.) ·~
0 . "\.
"' ' ' .. ~..(~:-..:.
(/) lO
·O
, \I\
I\\
" \
~' .
...,.,
I\

' '··~\\.
.~···
. ··1~ !'..:
. .~-
::::> '\ r\\ I' \.K \ ....... O:u;., .
~
w
\'. \\ ~
f\ '\ ' . ~a ' I [' . Oo ·
u ' \I' Q.). ,, ' ~~ ·.·· ·~ .
··. . ~ .. ,4~~- .... " 0 . . . (Y'\
o) . . .LtJ'
.
LLJN
. a:
. :::>
0
"
'
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.· !W
~ ·. .· " z
·.~· '}, t''
~A. , .
' ·~ . o~~\)'
.. . ··"~ ~~~"Si ~~, '. '1'
~ ~~;.,.~\.
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·..
l"' .· "
I•·

\.
..
· ..
1.
.···
..
..
a:
.• . :::>•
·.•. !;;(
O·a:
..
I\.
!ci
a:
. ' . I'\
'' ~\iri
.. ~ \Y\
I \ j• ' ~·· .·'\.· ' .. '
LI.I
.. LO. 0..
w ,. ·\~~rf\1·~~1 \~ ·• . :e.
a.. 0 ··11~·
µ__,... f\ ··~ LI.I
:E· ·. . i ( •9i. 1·
.· f"\ I-
w· I
I
~1
! . \{\\>j\f\ K \' r.-; '
.K I ..
...
I- . ,. . '. :
o, ill l'i\i' I\ I\ \ ' I'
I'\ .
I·\ " [\I\ '
I\ f\ K
~~
~· i\
I\ \ I'
. ····· i\
\ ':,
'
0 0
·~ \
!\ \ \ ·.· · I\\ ...·
. 1·
N
I
v
. ~ ' I') I\ I\ .• I\ ,.

I .
~\\ \ \
\
!\ .' l f\
:

i\ . \ \
'
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,. I\ . \
\
.
r\ .· . f\
\ I K
0 i \ !
·~I~ "'
0. ' r"" [\
I' '
f\ f\ \
r !\.
·r1. I\

\\
I·

.. I .
\)'
·, ..
.
~
\ .1.·.
~
·I\
\ ~· 0
oo
oo
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 CX) c.o. v N' olO
0
Qa> CD
0
V ~
0 00 CD V ·· N
.. ·;
...; '
VAPOR · .PRESSURE . PSIA
.. :
·;:-

""

Ura\\ n by l~grr~oll-Drl'S$1•r Pump~ ha~1·<l on <lata fro1i1 n1rious refrig1•rant h~ndbook.;,

. .

4-22
 ' >.; •

41:·\ P opert.ie. s.·of. Liquids

~ ..:. . ·~__;__ __;_______;,_____-+--------
···~;
•...:"\
e::
'.
..
.Viscosity-:-General
.
'
.
'
Information
...
-· ' ; ' .

. The viscosity of a fluid (liquid or gas) is. th t property which offers

resistance to flow due to the existence of int rnal friction within the
·ft.uid. This resistance to flow, expressed as coefficient of dynamic
(~r absolute) viscosity is the force required ti move a unit area a unit
distance. · .
There are two basic viscosity parameters; i e. (1) dynamic (or abso-
lute) viscosity; and (2).kinematic viscosity. . ese two parameters are
· related since the kinematic viscosity may be btained by dividing the
dynamic viscosity. by the. ma.Ss ·density·. (See· note on page 4-3 for
definition of mass density.). ·· ·

. (1) .·The unit of dynamic ·(or absolute) 'jscosity in the English

system is :qieasured in po\lild seconds p~r s~uar~ foot which is nu-.
..... · .: ·
·11~
merically identical With the slug per foot seco~d ..The unit of dynamic
vis.cos~tY in m_etric m7as~els ,the ~dyne-~ecol}l? per. ~quare ·centimeter
called the . poise, which is numencally identl1cal with the gram per
centim:ter-se~on?. It is usually more co?v~nirnt to express ?umerical
values in cent1poises such that .100 cent1poises equal one poise. ·

The dimensionsof dynamic (or absolute) vis osity are: force le:;~•.
• (2) Since the Darcy-Weisbachand Colebrook relationships (see page ..
~-3) are based on using a Reyrioldsnumber.wHich varies invers~ly with
the kinematic viscosity.and which is obtained by dividingthe dynamic
· · · · (absolute).·· viscosity. by the mass density, it is usual practice to use
units .of kinematic viscosity which have.the imensions of:. . i
. !

length 2
time

The :unit of kinematic. viscosity· in Englis . measure is the square

foot per. second. ·The unit of kinematic viscr,sity in metric measure ·
is the square centimeter per second called lthe stoke. If is usually
in
more convenient to express numerical values centistokes such that _
100 centistokes equal one stoke. ·
 .

·I)· 1ngefs~IM>resser Puntps···_• Cameron.Hydraulic Data.

'. . ' . ' .

··1

. l fi
, &! .
- When~English systemunits are used in converting fro!Jl dynamie _·· ·. · . I 4
· to kineinati~ viscosity the density-w (or mass density), rather than > Ii
b~ ~here. --·.·~
1
3
the specific gravity must .used w iS the weight in Jb)ft and . . .•.:.-··
g is the acceleration of gravity (32.174 ft/sec 2 ). ·.. · · ·
: . . . . . . ..
.

When· the .metric system terms centipoises . and •centistokes are · . · fl

used the de_nsity is n:umerically equa} to t~e specific gravity~ . . . . . C
The reiationship'betweel1 the dyrtamic.andkinematic viscosity uriits . · liJ
·with their . proper dimen~ions must be carefully considered so that ·· I/It;
· the correct parameters Will-be· used. as required 1n friction loss and, . ···· · ~
. • ·.. ·. .. ·.....·.•·
. other calculations. · ·. · ·

..···_.·Various types of instruments are available to determirie vi~cosity,

the one most widely used being the Saybolt:Viscomeier which measures ·
· .
· ...·.. <. _:,
l'
._

· the time in seconds required for a liquid td flow from

a fillecLcontainer · · •.
.of specified dirriensfons through orie of two orifices in the: bottom of
the container~ . ' .· .... '··...
.. . '
' c·
. The.· term SSU ·(Seconds sai~oit
Universal) refers to the time · .•.•~. •:.
required for the smaller of the two orifi.c~s, andthe term SSF (Seconds . ····.1·•·
Savbolt Furol) the time required for the large}' orifice~ The smaller ··· · · "
oriftce (SSU).being used for the. lighter oils and the largerorifi.ce
(SSF) for the heavy ·oils .. The efflux time. hf seconds ·is converted ft
empiricall! to kinerpatic viscosity hi ·other 'Uhits. . · · · · .. C'
The various visc~~ity r~Iationships. and 'conversions are given on·
the following.pages. < .. . ·-· · • l
.··.·-..

t-
.1
.t-

l
. , ·,

'£. .····
'

4-24 ·---~· ......... .

 •.
.,." '
-
'
.. '

"
Pre•perties.of Liquids
"

I
I

•• "'s.·
'
·I
!

.;.,,•
'

" - "-· ·-· -- - -~- .. ·-- ·-

"
Approximate Viscosity Conv1 l!rsions
···"'• ',1

•
Seconds Secor ds
··.seconds Seconds Red- Red- Kine-
woo~ 2

•.
Saybolt Kinematic viscosity Saybolt wood 1 matic
·-··i Universal
ssu centrstokes ft2tsec
Furci
SSF
Stand-
ard
Ad~
mira~y
Degrees
Engler
Degrees
Barbey
centi-
sto«es

····, '
-,
.. _/
}. 31
31.5
1.0
1:13
0.00001076
0.00001216
29
29.4
1.00
1.01
6200
5486
1.0
1.13

.."".!;,
'.:,,
32 1.81 0.00001948 29.8 1.08. 3425 1.81
·;-) 32.6 2.00 0.00002153 30.2 1.10 3100 2.00
33 2.11 ' 0.00002271 30.6 1.11 2938 2.11
..::} ' 34 2.40 0.00002583 31.3 ' 1.14 2583 2.40
.,,
2.71 . 2.71

•.••
... ~ ~ 35 0.00002917 . 32.1 1.17 2287
'36 3.00 0.00003229 32.9 1.20 . 2066 3.00 . '
. ::·i. '38 3.64 0.00003918 33.7 "
1.26 .1703 3.64

-~)'
II
,.·. ,. . 39.2 '4.00 0.00004306 35.5 1.30 1550 4.00
40 4.25 0.00004575 36.2 5. 0 1.32 1459 4.25
:~,

.f
i
.. J 42 4.88 ' '0.00005253 38.2 5.: 15 1.36 1270 4.88
'') 42.4 5.00 0.00005382 38.6· 5.:;e 1.37 1240 5.00 . '
";'/ '
44 5.50 0.00005920 '40.6 . ·, 5.: 9 1;40 1127 5.50
:) 45.6 6.00· .0.00006458 41.8 5.' 1 ' 1.43 .1033 6.00
46 .· 6.13' 0.00006598 42.3 5. S4 1.44' 1011 6.13

.,.;·
'·

•·'·~·
. '
'.\· .. ·

';
46.6
50
7.00
7.36
0.00007535
0.00007922
43.1
44.3
..

5. so
5. S3
1.48
1.58
885
842
7.00
7.36

.}.l.!. '
e>).· 52.1 8.00 0.00008611 46.0' 6. 1)3 1.64' '775 8.00
55 8.88 0.00009558 .48.3 6. ao 1.73 698 8.88
.}, 55.4 9.00 0.00009688 .'48.6 6.~4 1.74 689 9.00

.)·1·
'

': .-~~
; .
58.8
60
65
70
75
10.00
10.32
11.72
13.08
14.38
0.0001076
0.0001111
0.0001262
0.0001408
0.0001548
51.3
52.3
56.7
.' 60.9
65.1
·r
6. 7
7. 9
7. 0
8.p2
1.83
1.87
2.01
. 2.16
2.37.
620
601
529
474
431
10.00
10.32
11.72
13.08
14.38

t
'

I':·,, BO 15.66 . 0.0001686 69.2 2.45 396 15.66

85' 16.90 0.0001819 73.4· 8. 7 . 2.59 ' . 367 16.90
.. ), '·'· 9o 18.12 0.0001950 77.6 ' 9. 0 2.73 342 18.12
•.
95 19.32.. 0.0002080 81.6 9 1 • 2.8e· 321 19.32
•) 100 20.52 ·0.0002209 85.6 10:112 3.02 302 20.52
•·y ' 120 25.15 0.0002707 102 11 !ea 3.57 246 25.15
.~) ·.
140 29.65 0.0003191 119 ' 13J53 4.11 209 29.65
160 34.10' '0.0003670 136 15 39 4.64 182· 34.10
•);':
.).!'.1.
180 38.52 0.0004146 f 53 17 14 5.12 161 38.52
200 42.95 0.0004623' 170 18 90 5.92 144 . . 42.95
}
300' ' 64.6 0.0006953 32.7 253' "
28 0 8.79 96 ' 64.6'
. 400 86.2 0.0009278 42.4. 338 37 1 11.70 71.9 86.2
500 108.0' 0.001163 52.3 423 46 2 14.60 57.4 108.0
.J 600 129.4 0.001393 62.0 507 .·55f3 · 17.50 47.9 129.4
700 151.0 0.001625 72.0 592 641"6 20.44·· 41.0 151.0
•{ I

.•
35.9 '172.6
•····
800 172.6 0.001858 82.0 677 . 7~.8 23.36
. ~ 900 194.2 0.002090 .· 92.1 762 8~.o 26.28 31.9 ' 194.2

-~
1000 215.8 0.002323 102., 846 s4.3 29.20 28.7 215.8
' J

::. -
.~·

••.,J" l
'· ,;
'

e;.·
...
•,~ .
• l
' l
.9.:J ····- ... 4-25
'{••
. . ..... ~
 . .

IJ lngersoll·D~sset P~mps ·.cameronHydraulic Data

. .
: . . .. ·. .· .· .. '

Approximate
.
.
Viscosity Conversions
.
(Continued)-· . -· . ' : '

.,
Seconds Seconds
Seconds Seconds Red-.. . Red· · Kine-
Say bolt Kinematic viscosity Saybolt wood 1.·. . wood 2 ma tic
· Furol Stand· ·.·Ad· Degrees Degrees cent1·
Universal
ard miralty·_ Engler Barbey stokes
ssu centistokes · ft 2/sec SSF ..

1200 259.0 0.002788 122 . 1016 111. 35.1. 23.9 259.0

1400 302:.3 .0:003254 143 1185 129 40.9 20.S 302.3
1600 345.3 0.003717 163 1354 148 46.7 18.0. 345.3
..1800 388~5 0:004182 . 183 · 1524 166 52.6 . .15.6 388.S ..
.431.7. 0.004647 204 . · 1693, 185 58.4 . 14.4 '• 431.7
2000
.
2500 539.4 0.005806 .· 254 2115 231 73.0 ... 11.5 539.4
3000 647.3 0.006967 ·. 305· · ·. 2538· 277 87.6 9.6 647.3.
3500. 755.2 0.008129 356 . 2961 ... 323 102 ··a.21. 755.2
863.1. 0.009290·_. ·. 408 ._3385 .369 117 ~.· ... 7.18 .. . .863.1
4000
4500 . ' 970.9 0.01045 .· 458 3807' '.415 ' 131 .. 6.39 970.9

.5000 . 1078.8 •. 0.011.61 509 . 4230 4SL 146 ·. .5.75 1078,8

6000 1294.6 0.01393 610 5077 553. 175 4.78 .• 1294.6
7000 1510.3 0.01626 ,. 712 ·. 5922 646 204 4;11 1510.3
8000. 1726.1 0.01858 . 814. . 67$9 '738 . 234. 3.59 . 1726.1
9'16 7615 .830 263 3.19 .· 1941.9
9ooo 1941;9 0.0.2092 . .
..
.0.02322 1018 ·· ..·8461 922 . 292 : . 2.87 . .2157.6
.10000 .· 2157.6
15000 3236.5 0.03483 ,• 1526 .. 12692 438. 1.92 3236.5
20000 . 4315.3 . 0.04645 .·.2035 . 16923 584 1.44 ·43i5.3

•. , Visco~ity. relationships ..

".·K. •.. · ·t··. · · ·•··· . ··•.t. "(. · ·.·-.t·.•·".t... k- ').· •.•·•· ·absolute.viscosity (centipoises)
inema IC VISCOSI y cen IS 0 es = . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ..
· ·. · . · ·" ·. · · .•· · density (g/cma)" . ·· .
.
','.
· ·n21s~c = centistokes x 1.01s~§ >< i o-s . ,
: .·· . . . . ' ,' . . ':

. centistokes = ft2/sec x 92903.4'. .

. Apprt>ximate viscosity conversions·.· ' '

ft2/sec (50.;..1 oo
SSU) = _ssu X. 2.433 ~. 10'-6 ~· ~()02101ssu
.ft /sec (100....:35() SSU) = ssu x 2.368 x 10-6 - .• 90145/SSU
2

' ft2/~ec (over 350. SSlJ) = ssu (taken at 100°F) x .2~3210 1o-G . · x
· • centistokes (50-100 SSLl) = SSU x. 0.226 _,.· 205.3/SSU , .· .
·. centistokes {1ooi.350 SSU) == SSU x 0.220..;. 147.7/SSU .
centistokes (over· 350 SSU). = SSU (taken at 100°F or 37.8°C) x 0.21S76
·.. centist_C>kes (over 350 SSU) = SSU (takeh at 210°For98.9°C) x 0.21426
· centistokes (over. 500 SSF) = SSF.(taken at122°F or 50°C) 2.'120 . x
centistokes (over 300 RechNoo(i #1) = Redwood #1 (Standard) x 0.255 ·
centistokes (over SO.Redwood #2) = Redwood #2 (Admiralty) x 2.3392
centistokes (over 18 Engler)= Engler x 7.389
centistokes (over 20 Stormer) = Stormer x 2.802
centistokes (over 1.0 Demler #10) = Demler #10 x 31 ~soa
centistokes (over 1.3 Demler #1) =Demler #1.x 3.151 ·
centistokes (over 14 Parlin #20) = Parlin Cup #20 x 61.652
centistokes (over 230 Ford #4) = Ford Cup #4 x 3.753
centistokes = 6200 Barbey

•Usually same as specific gravity~

---4-26
 · jropertiesof Liquids.

Viscosity..;_Unit Conve rsions

Kinematic Viscosity

Multiply . by to obtain

ft 2/sec . 92903.04 · centistokes

ft 2 /sec 0.0.92903 sq meters/sec
sq meters/sec 10.7639 tt2tsec
sq meters/sec .1000000.0 centistokes
centtstokes 0.000001 sq meters/sec
centistokes . . 0. 0000107639 ft2/sec
•.

See previous page for conversions in SSU, Aedwooc , etc.

.

. .
lbf-sec/ft2
· I bf-sec/ft2
cen.tipoises ·
Absolute or Dynamic V1scios1ty

47880.26
47.8803
centipoises
Pascal-sec
II.
0.000102 . kg-sec/sq meter
centipoises 0.0000208854. . lbf-sec/sq ft* .
centipoises. .. · 0.001· Pascal-sec
Pascal-sec ·· · 0.0208854 ·. lbf'."sec/sq ft
Pascal~sec 1000 ' ' centipoises

·Sometimes absolute viscos'ity is given in terms · f pounds mass. In. this case-.
· .. centipoises x.0.000672 = lbm 1ft sec.· ··

. Absolute to Kinematic Vis osity · ·

centipoises 1idensity (g/cm 3 ) ceritistokes

· centipoises 0.00067197/density (lb/ft ) ft 2/sec
lbf-sec/ft2 32;174/density (lb/ft3 ) . tt 1/sec .·
kg.:sec/m 2 9:80665/density (kg/m 3) . sq meters/sec·
Pascal-sec 1000/density (g/cm3 ) · .centistokes

· . Kinematic to Absolute Vis osity

centistokes · density (g/cm 3 ) · centipoises ..

· sq meter:s/sec 0.10197 x density (kg/m ) · . kg-sec/sq meter
ft 2/sec · 0.03108 x density (lb/ft3) lbf-sec/ft2
ft2/sec ·1488.16 x density (lb/ft3} centi poises
centistokes 0.001 x density (g/cm 3) 1 Pasca1::.sec
sq meters/sec 1000 x density (g/cm 3 ) Pascal-sec

4-27
 . ' ; ·. .· .·. ' . ." . . ' " . .

·1 J Ingersoll· Dresser Pumps ·. · Came~on Hydraulic. Data . ·

Viscosity of Crankcase Oils .

VISCOSITY SSU ..
g6 ooo 0 ..
0 g coo 0 ' 8 0 0 0 0 00., 00... 0
0 c5 ooo 0 00000 0 0 b
N - imt'rri N' --a:uo in<lil' •ft'l N
'
CD 10
' .
,..!
0 0
"I ,.,
3:-· ~
0 0 0
Q - ,N
/ ,/ , 11// :/ . I I
en -
0 If// v·.· I.; ·,, J j

J /, f/ '/ ' '

' v
- /. 1///1 /Y I
'

,... -
. ·.·O •··· ':
v I I/ 117 I I 1
I j fi ) ·. j v / .,

0 I·.· VJ '/
I 11· v .;
0
-:r. ...... ·
. ··. ·~
'.·<i;
(£)
. '.· vv f' :j ' / j -- '"'.
~-
'·
. J

- I v,I v )~ /
: ', z ..
- .~
@
•,'

,·· :r.
!/ ,/ ) JV/ '/ I
'·

'',.. ~
<l
./
I
I// /~· v :
':

, I.· , /
·• i J
~
I/ 1 " '" I/
I .
/
,1 · , ./ / .
._
' ' /
/
, / .. I/' I
·
I : I
' .:
7 "' h '
.;

:
I
I
:
I
/., , ,I /I "
I
J
I I
I !
I
I

, /,. I/. I
I
' I

- 7 I / J ''

/. / . /
I i
: / / )
'. j,
i I
''
T -.
! / II JI J I 1:· i

~R'
I /i: /J ' I I ! I. '. :I
.· I/ I ;J. ·.
I .~ i I
' ·. J V Ii I ) I I I I
,·.· i ..
I I/ I/ i i I
'i
'.
I '

0 ·- I

/ ' I/ I/
' I
I. ·r
! ,, ; r ..:

./
: I
···: I

I ' '/ ·, ) 11 ' i ~ I

0
- !
:
' I
I I/ /
..,,
'J ~'··'
, IJ' J. I//
/
.I
I !
c
I
I
i
i
; ·I
.!
' I / II ,r1 'f I : I I i i I
! I/ I ) h :/ /. I :!
'
; '
.: ;

c 0
21. ,., ..... ~ ,__
I 000
..,_...;..-!()-~
1

--~- ~ ·.. ..
,..... : I
.
. . N
UJ-'- I ,__ I-~_;.__
;..;.....,;...LLJ~UJ
i
.:
l o.'
:
.. ..
,.
I <t<t <t 0 UJ LO
_;_,_IJ): C(I 'II>- -N .;..._ < t - w
I •'
: ... ~ ! I
.. ;·.
I
UJ
I/)
< ' i I ;.
I I
~
0 en ...

'? ~ I ' .·1 ,i i • ·i-

! . ~ ; I
.• .. I· ,. : I 0
gg g g ggg g ggggg 8~ ~~ ~ 2·~
.
QOlCOl'-W lt"l'-f M
I
0 0. 0 0 0 0 O 0 . 1.!W' N - l"l - . .·.
~ ~- g Q iri'6c-i ..:
KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES.

4-2.8
 •··'•/•>_;•~-~-..,_ .•,_. ·•·• ••.•• :••••• ,•• -· ...... -.•• ,. -........,, .••_. •• ·--........
.-~,-~~ -~' "'·"-«··-·-· --··"- -~--- _,..,.. ·-~~·"''.°'":'-'-' ·--'--· ..:·:~''"'' ·-.,;;- -=-.~-~: '•;d1r-...c_•..--.._, ·-..;,· ._,:.-°"';/ ~ ef'-,;F'.-..;; ·.;_J:.:.) :__ ·.· ._,) J '<-,.,; ._) _) ; ·-· __; ) . : --~ ) , . .,.
1

·TEMPERATURE CELSIUS °C
..,.....
"':::l::: -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
200 000 I I I I I I ' I I I I

.,. 100 000 ! -- .... ~ 500,000

.-,~
....,.
50000
. .
-'-~--·
.
.. - . - - -· .. ---'-·- -· ·----- .. -
20 000 :__. --~ ·- _:__ ~L..-1--
=-_,.
.~'!',, IC 000
s_ ooo .
T-.
.
:

+
I
rl -
.
.. . -. . ,. - . -· -
-·~,__~
............_
'
-

~
. ~.._ -:- - ~I-
.• -

.
.
100,000
50,000

. 3000 . . . ~ "-t---1'--:---.r--.~"" . --~'-

•
..;
. . - I-··-- --- 20,000
:: 2000 . -~ '. ; '~r-.. !"--r..... '!'.. 'r....., . -- .. . ___ ,_ ·- ·-· -~· - 10,000
.,,
., ;lit 1000 - - ·. . .1 .. ; ..... -~ ~ ~--~
. r-... . ·: - - 5,000 <
~ z .
i
.
. .
•
. .
...... .... ..... '
1-........ t ....
........
..... ........ "" ........ ' . . '
. 4000
•
3000 . 00
-·
500 --'- ··- t • • r· - -: ~.... ·· r-· ' ~
~ 400
. rri
I . ! • : .. . . - t ·. ' . , . ' .' .....
.·, .·. - ... - - - '
_ -· _____ -· __ -2,000 0
::::
;:- ~ 300 • · · • I 1 t · I l· ...... , ' ' , ...... , · !'....._ - - - - ·-· - · ·-- - -· - - . 00
"[" -
() I . !"--1·-
200 --,-··· I
-~L..,.~·+··
•. . I ..... .......
- ·- ._.
~I",>-" " r-... "'""'" :"., · ., · -~ ·f 000 ~
-·

< 150 I ~ .. - . ' t'-.. ""'- ... . . BOO ~ '-<

~
t -,__,__ -H - - . .:"'. 600 U>
- -
lJ)
...• I
· I ·
. .
-~·
1I . .........
"'""-
"""-
I'
' . '
..... '
soo . (o) o~
~ ~
.,..,~ n 1001--+-+-_
p
:::l
'."
.n
0
lJ)
::::f
_-<
,....
75 _I

40
- - i- - -
50 -r~-r ~ ·-t·__ 1 . ,·
··. ·~.
~-··
; .
: ·-

• -- -· ·- --·-4 ·· · ·'""
: . .
.

:
r"-.... ' . . . . ._ r........ .........,

~.
_.
-
-r--

··--- -- -
400
-~~ ..... ,,r--."i'.....
. 't-..
..... ,
...................................
...
.
' ......
' ...........
.
-
300
200
~
(/)
U>
c:
. =~
'"1
C"
z . 30 ->-• ··- ... - ~
~ "~~..::~r--...'1' ...
L..- - -· • • • • . •• -·

' 20 - - - . -" - - . - - - -·- - . - "100 ; '"O'·

~ 15 . -~ '-- . . ..... - .... - '"r--...'I'..... 9~0 Ss(/.,.,_ BO 0 . ·ol-1 ~
~"·
·-r- • -·-- ·- """'

(/) .· .....
~ ..........
'....._
'-.. ~'"' S1>
Ssll
'UI.
Oo •
~ ·
~
-·
1-tJ
C'tl
. .....__ .... _.. __ ---t----t- ..... -+-+- ~-..-+-+- • • .......... ~"' so1> ,,.. 60 ~
/~s
IOt:t
9 .... 'n....')-l- ......
a1~-- ~o v1> ~ ~- ;:rJ Ctl

:61
1 ~.J I I I' l I ~(/l>'~= ·SO ~
~-
I I -I·-
"'100
.
5
4•
t±t . t- t t t t t t
• I I .J I I , , _,
i-+-t·--
, , , , ,
. . _ __:::f f
t·t Ir- Tr r 1 1 1 1 1
t°t-t·T TI I I
1· 1. 1·
T.
. 1
I
1
. . _ ......e
...
-
40
t--<
......
- -- -- --- - -- - - .....0
-30 -20 -10 0 · IO · 20 30 40 50 60 70 BO 90 100. 1.20 140 160 180 200 220 240 I i:::
Jn-I.
~ TEMPERATURE, DEGREES FAHRENHEIT
~ 0...
00
co

··------
II ·--::-··-r-;:-:::--·~-
 I ) ·1ng8rsoll·Dresser P.,naps ··. ··• Camero11 Hydrauli~ Data
. ·. ..· .. · . . ~.-.

Viscosity•.of Fuel Oils.~

0 VISCOSITY SSU · .
·o 0 00 0 0
o·
c5
0
q
0
0
0
.0
•.. o
° 000 0
coo 0
0000··
0
00 0 00 0 0
00000 0 · 0 .g
0 0 ·o 0
0
ll"l g ~ -~ 2 tei<ir<i N ·--co ID 11"1"1' ..... N a> ..... . "'

·u
. ~

... ' ,,.

:/ r . · · IJ / . ./
,__~_,...,,.__~~~+.;-:...__-'-....,....~_;...-'-""-'--J£~~~~~:....;_~~~..______;....;..,;.......:_io
. J . . I.I /
__
Q / / . · F:/. / . /. I . / · / · · . / I'll .·.-.-~
1 -I / / · 1 f/, i/ . / ; / / /
: / / • /; · . / ·I .: / . / /.
'·
.,, /
~r1/~~/--'-/~.~
... -/~-~,'-'--~......;..
1 / • / . •. / ' I l /
___ ......_-i--_-.v~-~---'----<_;.+./._;_--1--~-/..,,r...~.:-.o.-~------.....;~--'--"--_:..Jo
'• / • f · ·.
..
•
.···--.1··
. ..
I / /.,/ i /;. ,/ I . :· / . :. ;. . . /," / . . .. • . ·..
. 1//; /. :/ . .. y :..,,.. -.;_
' i /"
' .
'.- . - - - .-'-~ • . - / _ . , , · , _ , __ _ _ _ , ,_ _ _- - ' , . ._
..; _ _. . . ; . _ _ : . . . . _ . ._ _. . . . . . ; _ . . . ; . ; _ . _ _ . ~-

/./ y i / _____. / ' i/ ./

2
~ '/! / ' ., ' ! --1 / . • ' /, ' .
.
_ __;__ __.___..1 •

••••
l
,. ,, y i / I ' i· i I 111 I ··1 ./ !. : .· i l . I ; ' .l l 0
·ooo ooo og og go og ooo o8 . g ggg g~ g I!! ~--~ g t\J. .n '7

88~ ~ 2 ll"ll'!l\I
.9 . '°"' l'l t\I - .· -
N- . KINEMATIC VISCOSITY, CENTISTOKES

I
. . .

Drawn by lnit•rsoll-l>rl'Si'l'r P~mp~ bawd on data frnrn Tt·xaco. Inc:.

. .
-t
I 4-30
"t
 Pr perties of Liquids '·
I
'

Viscosity-Temperature RelatioI).s ol Petroleum Oils

~
rn
r.r.
0 I
"' >-
0 tgs.
::2
..
~ ~

...
e -.
>
;z; . ·
;;;:>

..:I
e
~ =
:;...
~
2
~
g t:
!t.i
~

2
-
1:1.l
>

: i
I
'

...
,...

...,.;
This chart may be used to determine the viscosity of an oil at any tempe ture pro\ided its viscosity at two
temperatures is known. · · · ...rrr·
!!
The lines on this chart show viscosities of representative oils. .;•
Note: This chart is similar to ASTM tentati\'e standard D341-32T which h a somewhat "ider viscosity and
temperature range.
Courtesy of Texaco: Inc.

4-31
 . . .

.I ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps . Cameron· Hydraulic Data

· · •Viscosity of Misc~lla.neous·-Liq uids ·
TEMPERATURE CELSIUS ~C
10 · 20 · 30 40 50 so 70 sci ioo 110· 120 130 140 150 160 170 100

IOC·.

"""-1......,..--1--t--11--1 so . 5r
111 .

In
""'lC
.0......
Ill
;:::.
...,z ..
IJ .

....>-•
.in
0
u
I/)

>
u
~ ..
:E
.
·.·,'
I.I.I
!!!
)II:

.
.,
·~
..:

.·~
• .

l
0.3 ................_._......................................~_._........_._............__...__._________._....._........................._"'-'--'-~.........._.
·.1:
..
30 10 eo 90 100 120 100 1eo 200 . 220 2«> 2eo 2eo 300 3ZO 340 360 ·. ·

t--
. TEMPERATURE;· DEGREES FAHRENHEIT· ·

Specific gravities shown are for 60°F (15.6°C) ·

Ura\\ n h~· lngt•rsoll-Dr~·~~1:r ~u111ps ha"1'.d on ilata from \ariou~ >"ourct'~.

4-82 --,
•
 , P. I operties
. . of Liquids
. . . ,...
r

j
'

Viscosity. of Refrigeran · Liquids.

TEMPERATURE CELSIU °C
-30 -20 -10 . . 0 10 . 20 30 40 50 60 70
1.5 ,......,........,......,__,....-01·......,...--......--.,.....,.....,_..,.......,. . . .,_,__,......,...,.._,_.,_."T""T......---.,....---r---,--..,......,
i !
I ;
! ;
1.0
Q.9
0.8 i--+-+--+-+""'l....t---t--t--
0. 7 ..

en
w
~
0
.....
(/)
.....
·z
·w
u
'>--
t:
.•. ~ 0.2t
. en
:;;· IJ;±fg;;tf8~!3!E~~±~~;~~I:t±l~~
·u
~
~ 0 .15 t--T-T---t--t--i--t--+-"'"'-~·+-t--+--t--1-+--+-t--+-+-+-ll-+-+-t--r---t---r---t----t----1---1
.w
z
·~

...
I' 'I

CARBON DIOXIDE .

~8 . .
-30 -20 -10 o 10 . 20 30 40 so eo 10 ~o 90 100 120 . 140 . 160
TEMPERATURE, DEGREES F HRENHEIT

....

4-33
· .1 rll ·angersoH·Dresser P.umps. . Cameron· Hydraulic Data

Vi-sc.osity of·Suerose--.Solut-ions--'~·- ·
0
· TEMPERATURE. CELSIUS C.
. -30 -20 . -10 . 0 10 . 20 30 . 40 50 60 70 so

I
:£

l.
_. -· .... ·+--r-+--1-1-+-41-+-·+-ir--++-1f-1- ' I '\.
I ! , I '\.

06~:::~::::.~+::.~~::.-::_-:1·~+:-_:_--,--"1·';:.:.~~1--!+-1--ir--t+---l.:!+:-t-r~:::.:::.::::::.:-~~~";:..,...t;.__4+-_-_,-1-_--1+---::
-- ..=;-._-1,---r--t-o--t--t---t--'.t--;--1--1---t-+-il~-t-i·-t-+-.---.-'-,--1---"ll
'\..!
I 0% i~·..
05 ........._._~-----'------------..............~1.......................~.__1_1~·-...........,._1..._.......,.......,
-zo o zo eo go . .

.I
-30 -10 10 30 40 50 60. 10 100 · 1.20 l40 1so 1so
'
·TEMPERATURE, O~GREES FAHRENHEIT
.·1
. Urawn hy lngi•rsoll-Un•;;st>r Pumps based on dala from various ;;u~ar handbooks.. . • ·
-1
:=~

4-34
 ·Properties of Liquids

Viscosity Blending hart

Many liquids designated by such names a asphalt, molasses, oil,
varnish, etc., are actually blends or cut-b~cks and have lower vis-
cosities than th e unbl ended li qui·dso f th e s2:me name. 0 n Fig below,
let oil, A, h ave the higher viscosity· and oil , B, the lower viscosity.
Mark the viscosity of A and B on the rig ht and left hand scales,
respectively , and draw a straight line conn. ~. g the two as shown.
.
The viscosity of any blend ofA and B will be 1shown by the mtersection
of the vertical line representing the percen ,age· composition and the '
line thus dr awn. Viscosities
temperature
.
.
. '
of oils A & B . ·mt st be plotted .at the same .
·.
II
3000 3000

2000 2000
1500 1500

1000 1000 ~
z"'~ 750 750 zz ' I

z I
~ 2 I!
~ ·. 500 ~
·u
500
'°° ·, u
'l= r
300 a
~
' >
- ::t:

- - 150 x
200
' C)

"'E
/
,_. I;"
.. ....
.... / 'rl"
0
_,
100
'
100
90 '
a_,
90
~
~ ' 80 80 ...~>
>
z 70 'j\.<c.
'\ - 8"""
')..
70 z:::>
::::»
'.';.;.1- ·:+~' ....
~-
""· j
60 ~>-
- ' 55 .,,<
.,,
-- - --
'

50
~
. ., , cl

3 u
.,,"''
/ >-
.... ''
,,
., iii
/ ' i '
I 8
.,,
./ >
!/
I
I
I ,o
OIL A 0 10 20 30 .40 .so 60 80 90 l 00
OIL 9 100 90 80 10· 60 20 10 0 ..
lf
.1
PERCENTAGE OF COMPONENT ILS
Courtesy of Hydraulic Institute.

. .. ___4,.35,_ _.
 ·I ) Ingersoll-Dresser ·Pumps . Cameron
.
Hvdraulic
"'
Data
·•' . ' . . . . '. . . .

:_ _Petroieum Telt\perature-volume ~elations-.

BOQ+---:-..,..-~+-~---t-~~--+_.;.."'-r--:-7f'-:-~--i~.,.c-~~==---L..f
. 35°
t--'.'-------+---·--t-----.,--'-'--'~-r---r--t--'---7"-'-:---~~~----+-.::-· .· .·. ·.
-:-----,.---t~--,--f-"'"----,~...,..+--7*_,_~7'4-c------~~--+-i~--=· 40°

··i !. i..

·.,
·----
.
.·i.

i: 4'·
. w..
0::
. ::>

~
0::
--·-·

---·--.~
__ , -
..
·.•
. 500..-----+---------.~~~~.j--...;.->.JL.--"

~--+-----o..J..-1..L. ~~~.·-4--"---I-~·~___.,,,
~·-t--~---17"~___._,:_
,.
.......~L+..,,.i_..;....:____;__J
. ·. : I .
.,,
~:

:~

:~· ~
..
. •.
..• C'
. . a .L. '\

~-~--~_QQ_ ----~.--..:-C_
::?! -- .
- -----.
.
.: . -. -- -
w : :·
~-·
.1
~f. f ·. ..
.:..·, ..

~'! .•.
1·
.i .
. ~ ~

·' .;• !i
-~- 1 ·. ·.. .·· ~.
~ ' ;.

' ,.. ·~i·~~------1 f i . .•,,_

1001r,fr..-f/t~~-'--"-'..._;_,...~---,....;.·---'-=~---t--·:-:-'.-=..=--'··-:.·-·~·~·"'." -.·~···~····. :. .,·' ·-:-•·l-!.+. +4-'--~.;.i.;~···
·-+.

-~~----.i-+-"--·-···___._·_..: -·--'-----'-'--!·
·~
;~: l.
i ·. ·. .· :
··~
.· 50 o·~--.. ,. s_·-,+o-: 5-...-2+0-··--~+·5~.-3+0-·.-•·•~.· ..~---=4+o=.
-r, . -+-· . =.5.:t:"5J::-=6.:to....;..-::::._...6-5~2:::1·
:::4+5::-.-.5-+·'°=.·
.·

~ l I
PERCENT INCREASE IN VOLUME ABOVE 60 F. . ; · ·. .6.-

. ~ff ~
·l-··.I
•1
;e-

Courtesy of Hydraulic Institute.

l-~ . t'
-~
~it

4-36 #

-· t "
 P operties of Liquids
. l .. . .
$pecific Gravity and Viscoslti of Liquids
-·

Boiling Specific gravity V1scos1ty

point
at Temp based 1 emp ·
atm on water
Liquid press "F •c = 1 at 60eF OF . ·c centistokes ssu
Acetatdehyde CH,CHO 69F 61 16.1 0.788 61 I 16.1 0.305 36
20.SC 68 20 0.762 68. 20 0.295
Acetic acid-5'}.
= vinegar CH3 COOH 59 15 1.006
10% ... .. : ......... 59 15 1.014 59 15 1.35 31.7
50°-c................ 59 15 1.061 59 I 15 2.27 33 .
80°10 .... ·........... 59 15 1.075 . 59 15 2.85 35
'
Conc.-gtacial ....... 244F 59 15 1.055 59 15 1.34 31.7
118C
Acetic acid anhydride
(CHiC00),0 ......... 139C -. 59 15 1.087 59 15 0.88
.
Acetone CH3COCH 3 .. 133F 68 20 0.792 ·68 20. 0.41
50.5C 77 25
..
Alcohol
allyl ......•.... ; ... 207F 68 20 0.855 68 20 · 1.60 31.8
97:2C 104 40. · 0.90 cp
butyl-n .... ......... . 20 . 20
..
~ 243F 68 0.81 68 3.64 36

ethyl (grain) C7 H~OH

117C
172F
78.3C
158
. 68
104
70
20
40
0.78'
0.789
0.772
158
68
100
70
. 20.
37.8
1.17'
.1.52
1.2
31.5
31.7
31.5
I
methyl (wood) ·•.;'
CH3QH ......... ~ . 151F 68 20. 0.79 59 . 15 0.74
64.7C 32 0 1.04
propyl .......... ·... 207F 68 20 0.804 68 20 2.8 35
- - -s1:-sc- ---32- ,...:_..o-t-'-1);817-·.-·. -l22 -so-- -:---:1-:-4- - - ---·31:7- - --

Alu.minum sulphate-:-
36% SOI .........•.• 60 . 15.6 1.055 68 20 1.41 31.7
Ammonia ............ .:.:aa.sc 0 -17.8 0.662 ol -17.8. 0.30
Aniline .............. 363F . 68 20 1.022 68 20 . 4.37 . 40
184.4C 32 0 1.035 50 10' 6.4 46.4 .
Asphalt. blended .'
AC·O. MC~O. SC-0 .. 60 15.6 1.0+·.· 77 .' 25. 159-324 737.:.1.SM :

100 '37.8 60-108 280-500

RC·1. MC-1. SC·1 .. 60 15.6 ·1.0+ 100 37.8 518-1080 2.4M-5M
122 50 159.;.324 737-1500
RC·2. MC·2, SC·2 . ; 60 15.6 1.0+ 122 50. 518-1080 2.4M-5M.
140: 60 215-430 1M-2M
RC·3. MC-3. SC-3 .. .. 60 15,6 1.0+ 122! 50 1295-2805 '6M-13M
140! 60 540-1080 2.5M-5M
RC-4. MC-4. SC-4 60 15.6 1.0+ 140! 60 1725-4315 8M-20M
I
180i 82.8 270-540 ' . 1.25M-2.SM
AC·S. MC·S. SC-5 .. 60 15.6 1.0-+ 14a! 60 6040-18340 28M-85M.
18Q 82.8 647-1295 3M-6M
RS·1. MS·1. SS-1 ... 60 15.6 1.0+ 11i 25 33-216 155-1M
1od 37.8 19-75 90-350

7~
Asphalt emulsions
'
. Fed #1 ............ 60 15.6 ·1.0~ 25 215-1510 1M-7M

Fed #2, V, VI .. . . . . 60 15.6 1.0+

10(1
71'
37.8
25
75-367
33-216
350-1700
155-1000
...,,.
10d 37.8 ~9-75 90-350
. . _I
. Based on material from the Hydraulic Institute with additions by lngersoll•Dresser Pumps .

·4_37
I J lngersoll·Dresser. Pumps Cameron.Hvdraulic Data
. . J .

Specific Gravity and Viscosity·of-·liquids·(Continued)~.:..____ -

Boihng Specif 1c ·gravity Viscosity··

point
at .·Temp based. Temp
atm on: water.
Liquid press . 'F ·c.·. . = .1 at 60"F OF cc centistokes ssu
..
Automotive crankcase oils
SAE-SW ... .... ' ... .
~ ~ , 60 15.6 .. 88-.94 0 -17.S 1295 max 6M-max

SAE 10W. . ......... .. ~

60 15:6 .88-;94 0 -17,8 1295-2590 6M-12M

SAE20W .............. 60 15.6 .88-.94 0 -17.8 2590-10350 12M-48M

SAE20 ........ ·.. ·.. : ... 60 15.6 .88-.94 .: 210 98.9 .·5.7-9:6 45-58

SAE 30 ........•....... 60 :88:-.94 ·. 21Q 98.9 9.6~12.9 58-70

: ". ; .

SAE 40 ............. ·•·. 60 15.6 .

.88:-.94 210 .9 12.9_.16.8 7~85

SAE 50 ............ .- ... 60 15.6 .8.8-.94 210 .9 .16.8-22.7 . 85-110

Automotive gear oils· ;

.SAE 75W ............... 60 1.5.6 .. 88-.94 210 98.9 4.2min .· 40min.

.' SAE80W ............... 60 15.6 .88:-.94 210 ea.9 7.0min 49min

SAE 85W ..... ; ........ 60 15.6 ._88•.94 210 98.9 11.0 min 63 min
. SAE 90·............... ·. , ..• 60 . 15.6 ·..88:-.94 2JO .. 96.9 . ·.
14-,25:.·: 74-:- 120
.,

. SAE 140 60. 15.6 .88-.94 210 ·98.9 25-43· .12~200

SAE 150 ...... : ........ : 60 15.6 ;88-.94 210 98.9 43 min 200min
.·
Beer • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • +•
...
60 . 15.6" 1.61 68 20 .. · .1.8 32(est) •
·.

Benzene (Benfol) CMHK ... 176F ··. 32. 0 o.89s 32 0 1.00 .. 31

80.4C 60 15.6 ·0.885 68 20 0.744

Bone oil ....•........... 60. 15.6 0.918 130 .· .···54.4 . 4'7.5 220.'·
... .··
212 ·.. 100 · 11.6 ~5
...
Boric acid. sat. H,BO~.: •. 46.4. 8 1.014 ··• ..
59 -~5
. .
1.025
.
'.

Brine see sodium choride

and, calcium chloride .•. •, ·.· ... ~ .··
•'
Bromine ............... ........
· 142F 68 20 2,9 68 20 0.34
.. 58.BC .32, 0

Butane-n ................ · 3UF. ..60 15;6 0.584 -50 -1.1

.. 0.52
-O.$C 30 0.35

Butyric acid .n ······· ........ . 316F . 68 .20 .. 0.959 68 <20

·. 0
. .. 1.61 31.8
162.SC 32 ·.
2.3cp
.'
Calcium chloride
S"lc. •••...•• ·•.... '...... 65 18.3 1.040 65 · 18.3 1.156
: ..
.. . . '
.....
..25°/o ........ ·'..-....... ·.. 60 15.6 .1.23 60 15;6 4.0 39 . .:.
Carbolic acid (phenol} ... 360F 65 18.3 1.08. 65 18.3 11.83 65
l82.2C 1 90 1.26cp
 Properties of Liquids
.'
!

· Specific Gravity and Viscosity of Li quids (Continued)

Boli1ng Soec1flc gravity . Viscosity
point
at Temp based emp
atm on wate1
Liquid press :F "C = 1 at SO'F •F ·c centrstokes ssu
Carbon tetrachloride
CCI, .............. 170F 68 20 i.594 68 20 0.612
76.7C 100 37.8 0.53
Carbon drsulphlde
CS1 ..•••....•..... 115F 32 0 1.293 32 0 0.33
46.2C 68 20 1.263 68 20 0.298
Castor od ........... 68 20 0.96 1001 37.8 259-325 1200-1500
104 40 0.95 i30i 54.4 98-130 ·. 450-600
'
Chma wood otl ...... 60 15.6 0.943 69 20.6 308.5 1425
10C 37.B 125.5 580
Chloroform .. : ...... 142F 68 20 1.489 se 20 . 0.38
. 61.2C 140 60 1.413 140 60 0.35
:
10Q'
'
Cocoanut oil ........ 60 15.6 0.925 37.B 29.8-31.6 140-148
130 . 54.4. 14.7-15.7 76-80
Cod oil ............. 60 15.6 0.928 10C 37.8 32.1 150·
13( 54.4 19.4 95
Corn oil ............ 60 15.6 0.924 130 54.4 28.7 .135
21~· 100 8.6 54
Corn starch solutions
22 Baume . . . . . . . . 60 15.6 1.18 7( . 21.1 . 32.1 150
10( 37.6 27.5 130
24 Baume ......... 60 15.6 1.20 71 21.1 .129.a. . 600
1011. . 37.8 95.2 . 440
25 Baume ........ 60 15.6 1.21 7l ' 21.1 303 1400
m 37.8 173.2 800
Cotton seed oil ..... . 60 15.6 .88-.93 10l 37.8 37.9 176
13~ 54.4 20.6 100
Creosote ........ ~ .. 60 15.6 1.04-1.10 . 61· 15.6
13) 54.4
Crude oil
48' API ...........
··i]Jii]
1
0.79
. . 0.76
61;1
1311
15.6
54.4
3.8
1.6
. 39.
31.8
40° API .... : . ..... 60
130
15.6
54.4
0.825
0.805
sg
13
15.6
54.4
9.7
3.5
55.7
36
I
35.6 API .......... 60 15.6 0.847 15.6 17.8 88.4
130 . 54.4 0.824 138 54.4 4.9 42.3
32.6 API .......... 60 15.6 . 0.862 6~ . 15.6 23.2 110
130 54.4 0.84 130 54.4 7,1 46.8
Salt Creek ........ 60 15.6 0.843 60 15.6 . 77 45.6
130 54.4 0.82 130 . 54.4 6.1
Oecane-n ........... 343F 68 20 0.73 o. -17.8 . 2.36 34
173C 100 37.8 1.001 31
Diethylene glycol .... 60 15.6 1.12 70 21.1 . 32 149.7
Diethyl ether ..... '. 94.4F 68 20 0.714 sa 20 0.32
Diesel fuel oils
20 ....... . ' ...
~ ~ . 60 15.6 .82-.95 1do 37.8 2-6 32.6-45.5
130 54.4 , .-3.97 -39
30 .. ...........
' ' 60 15.6 .82-.95 100 ·37.8 6-11.75 45.5-65
1~0 54.4 3.97-6.78 39-48
I
40 . ...............
~ 60 15.6 .82-.95 100 ax 140 max
1rn max 70 max
50 ............... 60 15.6 .82-.95 1: 2 50 86.6 max 400 max
1l 0 71.1 35.2 max 165 max
Ethyl acetate
CH,COOC 7Hs ...... 171F 59 15 0.907 !9 15 0.4
11:2c 68 20 0.90 l 8. 20 0.49
Dowtherm 494.3~ 77 2s·c 1.056 7 25

... 4-39
 . . . .' ..·. . . . . . . . . . _·. . . .· ' ....

lngersoll·Dr.esser Pumps •·• .· CaIIleron HvdraulicData ' '' ' J ' ,' • '

··~ .·Specific·Gravity·e1nd\iiscosity
. .
of .Liquids (Continued) .. . . . .. . . -· ·' ·. - .

Boiling Speclhc gravity· Viscosity

point '

at Temp based . Temp

atm on water, "l ·
Liquid press -F 'C ""'.' 1 at 60 F 'F ·c · cent1stokes ·SSU

Etnyl bromide
C~H-.Br ........ 101 F 59 15 1.45 68 20 0.27'
77.2C
Etnylene,brormde 269F ·. 68 20 2.18 68 20 0.787
131.7C
-
Ethylene chloride 183F 68 20.: 1.246 68 .·· 20' 0.668
837C ,

Etnylene glycol ; . 60 15.6 ·1.125 to 21.1 17.8' 88.4.

"
Formic acid '".•

10°·0 ...... ... ~ 68 20 1.025 68 20 1.04 3,1

50~~ . •.• ....... 68 20· 1.121 68 .20 L2 31.5'
"ea•,.,;: ........ , .." 68 20 ,.· 1.186 68 20 1.4 31.7
...
Cohc. 60 15.6 1.221 · 68 .·· 20 . 1.48 31.7
: ,77 25 ·· 1.57cp
.. -
..
•'

Freon ".
-11 . . . . . . . . _• • + 10 21 ..1 1.49 70 2U . 0.21
'•

:...12 .......... to 21., 1.33. . :70 21.1 ' 0.27 :

-21 .
•• ' .......... +
'. . .
70 21.1 1.37 • 70 ·.' 21.1 1.45 31.7
68 " 1.45
Furturol ... ; ..... 161.7C 68 20
.. ' 1.159 20 31.7
.... '
77 25 .. . l.49cp· · · ,.
,,

Fuel oils "

1 . .• " ... ........
~ '
,,·:
. so . · t5.6 ... .82-.95 .. .. '70 21.1'
37.8.
·. 2.39-4:28 34~40
100 ~2.69 32-35' .
'.
. -,·
2 ' ...... .
...... '
··. 60 ' 15.6. .. 82-.95 ·10 21.1 3.0-7..4 '36•50
100 37.8 2.11-4.28 33-40.
· ..·
3 ............ •.. 60 .. 15.6 ·.. 82-:-.95.· 70 ..• . 2'1.1 . 2:69-5.84 35..;.45
· 100. 37.8 2.06-3.97 3U-39
5A ~ ..... .. .. ....
• ' • ·. •.• 60 15.6. .82-.95 . 70 21.1 7.4-26.4. < 50-:125.
" : ' 100 37.8 ·. 4.91...:.13f 42-72 ·.
58 ....... :: ... 60 . 15.6 :62-,.95 ' to . • . . 21.1 26._4:.:. . 125- .··
·100 37.B 13.6-.67.1 12:...310
.
.6 ..... ........ ~ 60 · 1s.s .62-:.95 .122
'

50 97.4-660 450:...3M
. •.160 71.1 37.5-172 175-'780
Gas oils ......... · 60 15:6. 0.89 .. ·.· 70 21 .1 ·, 13.9 73
.. 100 37.8 7.4
. " 50
. "
Gasolin~s
'
.. ''

a .......... ··-·. 60. _15.6 Q.74 60 15.6 0.88

;
100 37.B 0.71
b· ....... ' .......

c . . . . . .. .... •.•
60.

60
~5.6

·.15.6
0..72

0.68
.. 60
100
60
:
. '"
15.6
37.8..
15.6'
'

0.64

: 0.46
-,,
,I
II .
.. 0.40
100, 37.a
I
Glycerine ••
100~0 ..... ·.... ' 554F 68 20 1.260 '68.6 . 20.3 648 2950
100 •' 37.8 176 813
50'"o water .... 6.8 20 1.13 68 20 . 5.29 43
140 60 1.85cp
Glucose ......... 60 15.6 1.35-1.44 100 37.8 ·· 7.7M-22M 35M-100M
150 65.6. 880-2420 4M-11M
Heptane-n ..... , . 209.2F 60 15.6 0.688 0 -17.8 0.928
98.4C 100 37.8 0.511
Hexane-n ....... 155.7F 60 15.6 o.664 0 '."' 17.8 0.683
68.7C 100 37.8 0.401

4-40
 P~operties of Liquids· .I
I

Sp~cifi_c Gravity and Viscosity of LiqlJ ids (Continued)

Boiling Specific gravity .1 Viscosity

point
at Temp based Tern.
atm on water
Liquid press 'F 'C = 1 at 60CF •F l·c centistokes ssu
Honey .............. 100 Ii37.8 73.6 340

Industrial lubricants
Turbine oils
685 ............ 60 15.6 647 3000
SSIJ at 100°F ... 200 ;93.3 . 14.5 77
I
I
420 ..... : ...... 60 i15.6 367 1700
200 . ~3.3 11
"
ssu ... ········· I
63

315 ............ 60 115.6 259 1200

ssu ............ 200 193.3· 8 52 r
215 .............
ssu ...... ·..... ;
150 ............
ssu ....•.......
Machine lubricants
60
200

60
200
115.s
i93.3

j1s.e
j93.3
151
7.3

99
6
700
48

460
45.5
••
t:
l;
l•
"

I
# 8 ............ .88-.94 100 137.8·. 23-34 112-160
. 130 '154.4 ·. 13-18 70-90 .

#10 ............. ·. .88-.94 :100 37.8 34-72' 160-235

130 54.4 18-25 90-120 tI
1
#20 ............ .88-.94 .· 100 137.B 72-83 235-385 !
130 54.4 25-39 120-185

#30 ........... ' .88-.94 100 i37.8. 75-119 350-550 .

130 154.4 39-55 185-255
~
i
Cutting oils I
#1 ............. 100 )37.8 30-40 140-190
130 54.4 17-23 86-110
•
t

112 .•........••. 100 . 37.8 40-46 . 190-220

'
130 54.4 23-26 110-125 .tt
Ink, printers ........ 60 15.6 . t.0-1.4 100 37.8 550-2200 2500-10M j.
l
!
130 54.4 238-660 1100-3M I
r
:
Insulating oil .......... 70 21.1 24.1 max 115 max '
100 37.8 11.75 .max 65max

Kerosene 60 15.6 .78-.82 68 :20

I
2.71 35 '
Jet Fuel (av) 325F 60 15.6 .82 -30 34.4 7.9 52

Lard ...... - ... ~ .... ' 60 15.6 0.96 100 ia1.a 62.1 287
130 54.4 34.3 160

Lard oil .. ,, . -·' ..... 60 15.6 .91-.93 100

130
·37.8
154.4
41-47.5
23.4-27.1
190-220 .
112-128
"." :.
~

- ..
Linseed oil ......... 60 15.6 .92-.94. 100 137.8 30.5 143
130' 54.4 16.94 93
.
~

Mercury ............ 675.1F 60 15.6 13.57 70 21.1 0.118 ~

.
356.9C 100 37.B 0.11
~

·-~ ~ 4-41
-
 . . . . . ·.

11 IJ Ingersoll-Dresser. Pumps· .Camero11 HvdraulicD~ta

"
· . .
.~'
{
::; .

Specific Gravity and Viscosity of Liquids-{-Continued) .

Boiling Soecif1c gravity V1scos1ty ·..

point
at Temp based. ·Temp
atm on water
Liquid . press 'F 'C =1 at 60'F "F •c . cent1stokes ssu
Methyl acetate ...... 135F 68 20 . 0.93 68 20 0.44
57.2C 104 40 o.a2cp·
Metnyl 1od1de ....... 10SF 68 20 2.28 68 20 0.213
.42.6C· 104 40 0.42cp

Menhadden 011 ..... 60 15.6 0.93 100 31.8 29.8. 140

130. .54.4 18.2 90
·.
Milk ......... : ... : ..· 60 15.6 1.02-1.05 68 20 .. ·. 1·.13 31.5

Molasses ..
A. first ..... . . . . . . 60 15.6 1.40-1.46 100 ·. 37.8 '. 251,...5010 . ·.. 1300-23500
130 54.4 151-1760 700-8160
.. -
8. second ............ 60 15.6 1.43-1.48 100 ·. 37.8 141d-13.2M ·..•. 6535•61180
130 . 54.4 .. . . 660_.3,3M ·. 3058_.;15294
-
C. blac~strap 60 '15.6 ·1.46-1.49 .100 37.8 2630:-55M• · 12190-255M
130 54.4. 1320-16.SM 6120-76.SM
·.·

Naphthalene ....... , . 424F· ·. 68 20 1.145 .·. ·. 176 80 0:9

. 218C 212 100 . -.0.78cp.
.. ..
Neatsfoot oil .....•... 60 15.6 0.917 100 37.8 49.7. 230
·. 130 ... 54.4 27.5 13() . ·.
.·. ..
N1trcibenzehe ....... · 412F 68 20 .. 1.203 68 20.•.. 1.67 31.8
'·
2 59 15 1.205
.· ·. . ..
-
Nonane-n s<f • • • • * • • • . 302F· . 60.· -1s.6 0.7218 0 -, 17.8 . 1.728 32
150,1c. 68 20 0.718 100 1 .· 37.8· . 0,807
..
Octane-n . : . , ...... , 258F 60 15.6 0.7069. 0 -17..8. t.266 ·. 31.7.
125.6C ., 100 37;5 ·o.645:.

Ohile oil: ..•........ (570)!= 60 .15.6 .91-.92 100. . 3_7.8 43.2. 200.
(300JC.· 130 .• 54.4 24;1
-
Palm oil . ; .. ~ . _; ..... .60 15.6 0.924 100 • ·. 37.8 .47.8
130 54.4 26.4
..
Peanut oil .......... ~ 60. 15.6 ·. 0:92 100 '37.8 42 . 200
130 54.4 . 23.4
-
Pentane-n ....... , .. 96.9F 32. 0 0.650.· .·. 0 -17.8 . 0.508
36C .60 _15.6 0.63_1 80 ·26.7 0.342
..
..
Petrolatum ....... » •• 60 Ht6 0.83 130 . 54.4._ 20.5· ·100
160. 71..1 1.5 • 77
.. ..
-
Petroleum ether ~ . ~ . 60 15.6 0.64. 60 15;5 . 31 (est) 1.1

Prop1ornc. acid . '. .... • 286F. 68 20 0.99 .. . 32 0 1.52cp 31.5

68 20. 1.13 . :i .
Propylene glycol .... 68 20 1.038. 70 • 21.1 52 241

Quenching oil·
(typical) . ...... .
~ ~ 60 15.6 .86-.89 100-120
'.

20.5-25

I 4-42--·~---
... _......
•...••
,
)
· P1joperties of Liquids 1,
,.
. .'!
•.I
.

}
Specific Gravity and Yiscosity of Liq uids (Conti11_ue~)

•., .,_,
;
801hng
pomt
at
· Soec1hc gravity

Temp based Temp

Viscosity

••
atm on water
;
Liquid press 'F I 'C = 1 at SO'F. CF ·c cent1stokes ssu
•.
Rapeseed oil ~ ...... 681 20 0.92 100
130
37.8
54.4
54.1
31
250
145

·--·,
···,
·l

·-;
'

~~
Rosin oil ........... 60 15.6 0.98 100 1500
. .' 130 Q
600
:
..· Rosin (wood) ....... 60 15.6 1.09avg
I
1 M-50M
.i .
··--1
•·.:). Sesame seed oil .... 60 15.6 0.923 100 37.8 39.6
500-20M

184
j

••..··;"I. ,.
l
Sodium chloride
5~o ............•. 39 3.9 1.037
130

68 .20
54.4 23

1.097
.110

31 .1
i
I.
!

•·» :1 .
.,.1.
25~o ............. : 39
.60
3'.9
15.6
1.196
1.19
60 15.6 2.4 34

....•
•.J
.!)
)
Sodium hydroxide
(caustic soda)
20~o ............

30~;. ..........•.

~
. 60

60
15.6

15.6
1.22

1.33
..
65

65
18.3

18.3
4.0

10.0
39.4

58.1
i.

~
.J...
40~o •...•....•.. 15.6 1.43 65 . 110.1
~~) i
··~::} Soya bean oil ....•.. 60 15.6 .· .924-.928 100 35.4 165 ..:
130 19.64 96

Sperm oil . ......... 60 15.6 1.35-1.44 100 37.8 21-23 110

J 130 54.4 15.2 78 :
•'J
. •/
Sugar solutions t
.). Corn syrup·
86.4 Brix .......

.,,,,
60 15.6 1.459 100 37.8 180Mcp !
.') 180 82.2 1750cp

..,·--:
·~)
3'

.,
}
84.4 Brix .......

82.3 Brix .......

60

60
15.6

15.6
1.445

'1.431-.
100
180

100
180
37.8
82.2

37.8
B2.2
48Mcp
800cp

17Mcp
380cp
:

'

.).,., ..
~J
.. ,. 80.3 Brix ....... 60 15.6 1.418 100 37.8 6900cp
.;
180 82.2 230cp

.\.'.i
-~~.1
.)

j
.78.4 Brix .......

Sugar solullons
Sucrose
60 Bnx .........
60

60
15.6

15.6
1.405

1.29
100
180

70
37.8
82.2

21.1
3200cp
160cp

49.7 230
100 137.8 18.7 92
'•
.d··<.
•'

~
64 Brix ......... 60 15.6 1.31 70 21.1 95.2 440
- !
•
•;.#.
100 37.8 31.6 148
. )

68Bmc ......... 60 115.6 1.338 70 21.1 2164 1000 '•

100 37.8 59.5 275 e

.)
) •
·~~, '
. ··-.•'\
.

eJI
,
)
-· 4-43 .
 .· . . ·. . . . .. . . .· ' ·: .

I ~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .Cameron Hydraulic Data (

It
---~·sp~ciflc-Gravity and Viscosity of Liquids (C()ntinued) .
·c·
.· .
.·--
·--

Bo1llng Spe.c1tic gravity Viscosity ·.c..

point
at
atm
Temp

oc
based
·on water
''
·Temp:·
·e_-
".C.ea
Liquid press 'F· .·= 1 at 60'F 'F 'C·.· cent1stokes ssu
72 Brix ...... _.. 60 15.6 , .36 70 21., 595 2700
100 37.8 138.6 640

74Bnx ......... 60 15.6 1.376 70 21.1 1210 5500

100 37.8 '··238 noo
76 Brix ......... 60 . 15.6 1.39 70
100
21.1
37.8'
2200 '
', 440.··
10000
2000
fll
Sulphur ............ 444.6C ··~··
••
Sulphuric acid
100% ............. 68 20· 1.839 68 20: 14.6 76
140 60 7.2cp

95°/o ......... ,· ... 68 20 1.839 68 20 14;5 75 .. ~:,

-~.'·
60°10 ...............

2®o ............... :
68

68
20

20
1.50

.· . , .14 ·.·.
68 20
'•

''
4.4 41'
. ·.·e..
,. :
··c.··
-
" ' ' '

Tar. coke oven ...... 60 ', 15.6 ·U2+ 70 21.1 600-1760' 3M-8M .. ~-

I
100 '31.8 14.1-308 ' 650-1400 •' '

Tar, gas house ..... :: 60 15.6 ·.1.16-1.30 70 ·.·. 21 .1 3300-66M .15M-300M

100' 37.8 440-4400 2M-20M ' .··~~_·
Tar, pme ........... 60 15.6 1.06'> 100 37.8 ' 559 2500 ' '
132 55.6 1,08.2 ', 500

•
' ' '
"

Tar. road-
· RT,2 ... , .. .... •.• '60 15.6 1.07 ... •' 122
212
50
100
43.2..:.54_9
0.8-10.2
200-300
55-60
. C.,.
...... ..·
RT-4 ............. "
60. '15.6 1.08- 122 50 86.6-154 400-700
·.··.·~
212 100 11.6-14.3 65-70

RT-6 .. ·......... ., .. 60 15.6 1.09- 122

21.2 ' '
50
100 ·.··
216-440
16.8-26.2 "
1M-2M
85-125 . . ·t'·'::"
.. ·' ..
... .
.............

••c
RT-8 60 15.6 1.13+ 122 50 660-1760 3M-8M
212: 100' ', 31$-48.3 150-'-225
'

RT-10 ... ,·, ....... 60 15.6 1.14- < ·:·122 50 4.4M-'-13.2M 20.M-60M

......
212 100 . 53.7-86.6 '250-400
. ·.:. ·.
RT-12 . .. . . . . . . . .
~ 60 15.6 1.15- 122 50 25M'.""75M 114M-45SM
'
212 100 108-173 500-80C) -

Toluene ............ 231F 68 20 0.866 68

140'
20 0.68 · .. ' ' ··'(.,·.,
''
110.6C 60 ·0.38cp
..
...::
Trielhylene glycol ... 68 20 1.125 70 21 .1 40 185.7

Turpentine

Varnish, spar
.........

.......
320F .60

60
15.6

15.6
.05:..._97

0.9
100
130

68
37.8
54.4

.20
86.6-95.2
39.9-44..3

313
400-440
185-205

1425
..·.;..
·.[·,. ' '

100 37.8 " 143, 650

4-44
 ·Properties of Liquids.

Specific ~ravity and Viscosity of iquids (Continued)

Boiling · Scec1hc gravity V1scos11y
point
at
-----....-------+------.-----..-----
Temp based ,emp
atm on water
L1qu1d ores!i =1 at GO•F "F 'C

Water
· distilled ......... . 1.00 681 20

fresh ............ . 60 15.6 1.0

·Sea ............. . 60 15.6 1.03

Whale oil .......... . 60 15.6 0.925 37.8

'54.4

Xylene-o . . . . . . . . . . . 287F 68 20 0.87 68 20

142.7C io4i 40

_Centrifugal pump performance with viscous liquids

. Since pump performance characteristic1 curves are basis water, cor-
rections (per charts in *Fig 4-2 .and 4-3)whi~st be applied when han-
dling viscous liquids. The following two J~amples will illustrate the
use of these charts. ·
' ' '

Example A-performance correction: I. · ·

.. ·e 4~46 .·for pump handling .
Given: Characteristic curve (Fig 4-1) pt•
. .water at normal temperature (see page -46, 4-4 7 and 4-48). .
' '

Problem.: Determine the approximate per£ormance curve for oil having:

a specific gravity o. f 0.90. and. viscosity.of 11000. SSU (216 centistokes).
From water curve in Fig 4-1 note that ca~acity at best efficiency point
(LO x Q0 ) is 750 gpm. Tab~late gpm for r.6 x ~n' 0.8 x Qn, LO~ Qn·.
and 1.20 x Q0 for water as in table folloWing Fig 4-1; read .heads and
efficiencies from the water curve at thesJ values of gpm and tabulate
as shown. Entering the chart (Fig 4-3) ~t 750 gpm go·. vertically· to
' ' ' ' ',

the head in feet (100') and horizontally. to' 1000 ssu and vertically
to the correction factors, reading one v lue for Cu and CE and four
·values for CH and tabulate as shown. Mu]tiplying the tabulated water
values by these .factors will give the cotrected· values for operatfon
with the viscous liquid. Corrected head ~nd efficiency curves may be
. I .

plotted using these points; approximate brake horsepower and curve ·

*NOTE: Figures 4-1 to 4-3 appear on pages 4-46 to 4-48.

4-45
 I ) lnger5oll·D~sSer Pumps .. Cameron Hydraulic Data· ..
'•' . . ... . -

·. . .

can be determined by use of the ·rormul~: ·. .·.>·~·, :, ~-

. .. .. .·_. . :_ . · · :_.·. ·.· ).· · . · capac_ity (viscous) x head (viscous) sp gr . _·• ·

Estimated bhp (viscous = . .· · · ·. . · . . .. .·
• .. . . . ·. . ·. . . > . 3960.
x Efficiency
. . . ·. (VISCOUS) ..
_:. . . .· . - . ;, ' - .

o9o ·'bp (3~ ~ I ·.

1--i--i--4--l--+-+-_;~~1*oou~1~~~~~~-i- . ~-=·±,.~::=itv-;o=:::-e~P~~~r--t:--+-+-~3o

t~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~·~-=t:lt':· ~~~~~==~~~j I ~~
I .
!
10~
~.
.·.·...
. 120 1· j I I j <·. 0 . •.·
•. I i :I I ,...._~ j , , '
r-r
'
I - -·. -,.........:__ .
_1 ... ; I·· ! · ·1 I J~oo 1... : : - ~ ! ~-:--..~ .
100
! I! .. - !
lI ......_, ~b,n.,: r---...:~r4~
I- .. I
H- : ........_ . 9() ..
· .· ttj ..

·. i Q
:5 60
80
EEI l -4--~1 ---tl---1~,~.i _._:-1-,l-'..;....1-.-1-,-.-j"--.j..;..I~La......._~......_-_1--;i..."1..;....i..~_..j.·"--l--+---1
1

I -t--
.
I
I . /
·.·~.
.
1r..1~
! 1· I
"

· .f
EFFU IENCY
· .. ~-,.-..;~
'· ~-
' ~:-·
60 .
1- ~ v
I / .·. • . . :_ I ' I ..

::c .' I ' I I ·. . .... L ·. ' ! ~- .·. .· . .;:_~JOO ssu ·. . . t;

! .I VL \ !.i L.01- - I • --~-·
5040_

. 40- . " ~-,;.-,.---1-+..,.---;+'--+-~-'-o--+-+..,....,.-~+'---t-;--+-:-+---+-+~ -

1 1
I i . ' I I I 30 $
v ·) . ·1··
I ,,

I ,·.·. ·.·1·· .··.·

H 20. _.. ' / /

.·.a.VI
.. .. .
·•

i
!
'
1

j
l.
I ,! !
,.. \.
l·

i
. 20 •· ·
10 .
o
0 ·, 200 .. . 400
..
600.
. . ..
8l10 1000 ..·
CAPACITY .;;..GPM .
F'ig. 4·1 Sample.performance chart·_ ...
.....
, .. Court~yor Hydraulic l~titut~;
. . . ,. . ·•·
. . .
' . "." .., . ~:. .. ::-. ,, ' ~

"

.... ' .. "

Water capacity (C)w) gpm . . . . . . . '450 600 ·750_ 900
Water head_ (Hw} ft .. ·; .... ; ..... ·. ·1.14 . ···· 108 ··100 ····as.·
Water efficiency (E".)% . ; . . . . . . . . · 72.5 ·· 80 82 79.5
.. : ...·... . " . .. :'

Viscosity of liqL1id SSU ~. . . . .. . . 1000 ssu fo6o

..
ssu 1000 SSU. 1000 ssu
Cu-from chart . ; . . ··· . . . . . • . 0.95 0.95 0.95 .. 0.95
CH-from chart . ~ ....· • . . . . . . .. 0.96 0.94 ..... 0.92. 0.89 .
Ct:-from
.
chart . . . . '.. , ... 0;535 0.635 0.635 .· •. 0.635
' . "

..
Viscous capacity-Ow CQ .· gprn x _427 :' 570 .. 712. 855
. 76;5
Viscous head-Hw x CH ft . ·109.5 101:5 92
Viscous efficiency-. E"~ x C~ % ... 46.0 . 50.8 ··. 52.1 ·. 50.5"

Specific gravity of liquid ........ . 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.9Q

bhp viscous . . .. ...... . .. 23.1 . 25.9 28.6 . 29.4.

I 4-46
•.•· ,· · P 1operties
. I
of Liquids
. ..

.)•.··-) '

;
Viscosity Corrections for Smail Pu~ps (Continued).
Between 10 to 100 'GP·
v!·"
'

•..-.•·\
.:."'
)
.

.'•.)'
~~:

\'
z
~
Q
·'
t:: '
....,
u
a::
a::
8

z
Q
' ....:c<

10 I~ 40 ~O f>O
CAPACITY - GALLONS ·PER MlrUTE .
· Fig. 4-2 Performance correct~on chart.
(Correction factors apply to Best Efli~iency Point only)
Courtesy of Hydraulic Institute.

4-47
 . .

I ~ lngers~li-D.-esse~ Pum13s .·Cameron Hydraulic Data

. Viscosity CorreC:tiolls for Large f>ulllps (COntirtued)
Above 100 GPM ·
'· PERFORMANCE CORRECTION .CHART
.. lOO·r--i-r~~~~~~IT~--rTmTl

I
'I

II
20~---+--i.-- ~--41 -4...;.,,.+.,.-1-'4-H__;;.-4-+---if---'.'...;;.;.;+_._t--""-+~t-I-'

-c
w
. (!I

. ....
en
In .·
. a:
rt

-cz
cw
::c

l 4 6 8 lO fS 2'0 . 4o
CAPACITY. IN 19(> GPM

Fig. 4-3 Perlorfuance correction chart · ·

Courtesy of Hydraulic. Institute.
 · P operties of Liquids

· Example B-selecting a pump:

Selecting a pump for viscous liquids is t~e reverse of correcting
for water performance; i.e. take the. desire · design conditions and
divide· by the applicable colTection factors ·o obtain the equivalent ·
design conditions on water. For example: sblect a pump to deliver
750 gpm- at 100 ft when handling a liquid hJving a viscosity of 1000
SSU and specific gravity of 0.90 at pumping t~mperature. Enter chart
at 750 gpm and follow the same procedure ib in Example A except
for this calculation use CH from curve markkd 1. 0 x Qn (capacity at
best efficiency point-bep)
CQ = 0.95 CE= 0.64 Ca 'for" .0 X Qn" = 0.92

.ditions by the above correction factori; will t

Equivalent water conditions obtained by ividing the viscous con-
.790 gpm and 108. 7 ft.
If the pump selected for these ·equivalentl water conditions has a
water efficiency of 81 % the viscous efficien~y will be·. 0.64 x 0.81 or
about 52%. ·· ·. · . . . ... · . ·. I . · : ··. ·

E st1mate
·. p ~ ·.•. · · .· . ·
· = t
. . . d bh . 750 x 100 x 0. 90 .. 32 8
.
aooo x o.s· · ·
Note: C~rrection
yent~onal
charts ate approximate and apply oni} to Centrifugal pumps of c6n-.
design with open or .closed i~pellers
and adeqtiate he8:d t? force liquid
suct~on
mto impeller; not good for axial or mixed flow pumps ot non-uniform liquids. ·
. Correction factors for flows 100 gpm and below (FigJ4-2) are basis (bep). · ·
For am.or~ detai~ed discussion of these correction fac rs reference should be.made to
the Hydraulic Institute Standards. ·· · · · . · . ·. · ·
. .. . . . . . . .. .

Pump performance on· stock (for friction loss see page 3-88) ·. ·
. .. . . . I . -.
Since primp performance curves ·are. based. ~P tests with water at
normal temperatures (60°F to 700F), there ~11 be a reduction in head,
capacity and efficiency when handling stock, a'd corrections(depending
on consistency) must be applied to the water performance .. These
corrections (applied to the head and capacity ·~t the best efficiency point
(bep)will
.
be approximately
. . . .
0.725 for
.
6% stock;
I
0.825 for .5.5%; 0.90
.
for
5.0%; 0.94 for 4.5%; 0.98 for 4.0%; and 1.0 for 3.5% and less.
· The brake horsepower (bhp) of a pump delivering stock at the cor-
rected head and capacity will be approximat ly the same as if it were
delivering water at the bep. Therefore, the ap. ·roximate efficiency of the..
pump on stock can be determined by calcul · ting its hydraulic horse-
power at the corrected head and capacity a d dividing by the bhp.
Pumps handling stock with entrained ai . must be given special
consideration (consult with manufacturer). ·

4-49
· I) .lngers~ll·Dresser.Pumps Cameron Hvdraulic Data.···.
·.-· . . ·. ' .t ·. . . . . .

. -Slurry Information < ·

. . .. . ..
-:....:.-~ .' -- . ,.,....· .. ~.:-·-~... ,,
• ••••
·--,
.
The abrasive nature of some slurrie~ is cleariv a consideration in
·selecting and designing slurry P~illps. Excessive Wear of wetted pump··
parts due to abrasion has limited operational life in some
instances to .
two weeks. Abrasivewear is inconclusive and difficultto prediCt even·
..•.. ··~·'
ea~·

though many studies on wear testers have been performed. Abrasiv~

tt
considerations are the abrading mineralitself, abr.asive hardness,···
particle velocity, . 'density, ··directions;·. sharpness, shape, size.· and .·· c-
. corrosiveness.
Pump components.exposed toab.rasi<>n,i.~. impellers, casings ~nd .·.
·.. suction covers, are made from.abrasion resistant materials su~h as
Ni-hard and rubber.· . ..
·.

•.
·· ·
I ~
.. ·. Experience ha.5 shown thatfor abrasive handlirig pumps, the pUnip . : ·• . :
· · RPM · should.· be·. kept.·. as •.low as> pos.sible .. ·A · guideline in ~bowing · · <lft.~
. the . effect . of RPM. on. wear. is. the i~latio11 that · wear .will vary ·. . ... .:.· !.· .
· approximately as the . cube · of the ···RPM-wear ci RPM3 •. :Hence ·.·. _.
since RPM is related to .pump developed press\.lre, high head ap- .. .. · .·.. ·i·,·
. plicafions-w11Fwea:ffuucn)nore•raptrl:lyt.haiYrowerir~atls ...-Also;it~can-~ .. ~•~ -.•• ' - . '
generally be seen that pump part hardness is inversely proportional ·. ·· ·
to.abrasivewear-.·.·wear a 1/BHN;* and wear also vanes directlv with . .
···particle concentration-wear a G•·· ·. .. . .• . . ··... . . . . • . . ·
.·. ~·
c·
. Both .synthetic a~d natural rub b~rs.are used in. ~lurr~ pumps for . . · · ·, _..
.· their superior. abrasion and coi;tosion: re~istanc.e.
Their 'abrasion re;.· .· . •.· ; · ..·•. ···1··
.,., . . .·
..·sistance exceeds Ni-hard or, oth,er m.e~als when.the particles are Sn1aU .· ·. ·.·. -
. and round. Sharp and. hard solids.· with high energy are unsuitable .· ·.
for rubber application because they can C'1t the rubber material. 'I:he ·. · ·.
dampening effect of rubberi~ low for impact angles grea.terthan 20°.
·.Also,. rubber is.generally unsuital;>le,f9r applications ~thheaqs over . . · .
·. ' ·
'
·r
··. 150' and. Where !>9.rticle SfaeexCeedS V.. inch.Wear resiStant ilietals .. · : .•
such as Ni-hard, are used on rnote coarse and harder slurries. ·... ·. .. . ··
·, · : Meta11Rubher Slurry Pump Sel~ction Criteria : .··. ·. · .( t
.:! ." '
. Use Jl1 etal-liil:ed Pu.1np:, · · ·. . ·. Use. Rubber~lined Pu.1np: . . ·.· •.·

Solids greater than 1,4 in •.·.·

PH greater than4.5
. •. Solids le.ss than 1,4 i~. •.• ·
PH less than. 6.0
.·····1
. Abrasive service above 100 · .· Abrasive servicebelow.ioo .
ft head
Temperatures to 250°F
ft head····.·
·. ·. Non-abrasive service below
Hydrocarbon based slurries .·. · . · lOOftlsec-· impeller 1 ..
£
* Brinell hardness number
4-50
. . peripheral speed .
T~mperatures below 150°F
· ..
.

~.·~-- ~· .. ..
-
.t
:
•·.1 Ploperties of Liquids
•••
...••••
er-,
·~
Sediment Terminolo · y

..l
Scale of Particle Sizes

'"\ U.S .
,... Tyler screen standard
mesh per mesh per

..
··~,
:.-.\
,...,
./

I
· inch

2.5·
5
inch

5
Inches·

1.3-2.5
.6- 1.3
.321
.157
33,000- 3,500
15,200-G3,000
8,0, O
4,QiQ
Class

Very Coarse Gravel

Coarse Gravel
Medium Gravel
Fine Gravel
:.'"'\···.·. 9 1o ..079 2,0 O Very Fine Gravel
16 · 18 .039 1,0 0 Very Coarse Sand
e·~~ 32 35 .0197 5 o Coarse Sand
• <· 60
115
60
120
· .0098
.0049
2 O
1 5
Medium Sand
Fine Sand ..
e'S
e~:')
250
400
230 .0024
.0015
$2
$7
Very Fine Sand
Coarse Silt
i

"·. .\ .0006-.0012 16-~1 Medium Silt

•
.~ ::~ C~r~ ~:~e Silt
6

~,·... 2-14 ·coarse Clay·

• -.,i; · 1-2 Medium Clay .
1
• ~5- 1 . ·Fine Clay .· ·

~t.: --- ------~-M-ohs-S~~~;~~i~~~dness,-~~~i~i~d-. ~-. -----

.,.;; l . ·(Trans. Am. Electrochem Socleiy, 1933) · ·. ·
• )
1
1 ===M=i=ne=r=a=l=or=M=.==a=te=ri=a=,==·==.==M=o=h=s=H=a=r=.~#:Je=s=s=.=.==.=.===.=.==
...~ii
.I.;) 1. Talc 1 Soft to Medium
e:.~I Gypsum, Kaolin ·Clay, Anthracite.·
Cale Spar, Gray Cast Iron
2
3
•·~ w'<···\+ '
,;*.
Fluor Spar
Apatite.
4
5
.~. ,
•1.)
.,:;J
Orthoclase or Periclase
Vitreous Pure Silica ·
Quartz, Stellite
Topaz
6
7
8
9
Medium to Hard.

·.·Garnet
·~} '10 ' Hard to Very Hard

··)
•. J
Fused Zirconia, Tantalum Carbide
Fused Alumina, Tungsten Carbide
· Silicon Carbide
11
12
13

•.
Bo.ran Carbide .14

:~ )
Diamond 15
Hardness of Common Minerals

Soft · Medium Hard Very Hard

: >. :.)
Asbestos Rock Limestone· Granite Iron Ore (taconite)
--~ Gypsum Rock
Slate ·
Dolomite Quartzit Granite I
.,•
I

!) Talc
Sandstone
Coal
Iron Ore
Trap Ro¢k
Granite Gravel
I
,

··~
Soft Limestone Gravel I

.!:: 4-51
 ·IJ Ingersoll-Dresser P.,mps· · Carriero11 Hvdraulic Data .I . C=
tt·
···i
. . ' . .

Slurry rheology-, ~viscosity

Terms:·

l
.·. -t
.
··-·1.:
. ~.

f . '
i -·
:··C"
1. .. ..._·~
I ·.····W'
., ,·, .

. ·f'. .ft:
·.·:· ..

. ;

I
I ·.·tp
'l
.!
.. 1 . . . . .
J. . .
J
Types of Non-Newtonia~ .fluids:
I
.. .,
;L·...••••••••
t-
••

·Bingham-plastic fluids-· a. fluid where no flow occurs until a definite·

yield· point is reached. This' yield stress is ne~essary to overcome .
static friction of the fluid particles. Most slurry mixtures used in. r [
pipeline transportation :exhibit Binghall:i ·plasti~ characteristics. . . i ......
'.; .· T .
Pseudo-plastic fluids-· substances with no d.efinite yield stress which
exhibit a decrease in consistency with increasing shear rate.
Dilatant (inverted .plastic) fluids-·. a Jiuid which exhibits an increase ·. ·
* mass density= weight+ acceleration of gravity.·
·.
•••,,.
•t
I -·41. *...
 Properties of Liquids ·.

. in consistenc_Y with. incre~ing

Shear rat~.
T?ese fluids have the
. · property of mcreas1ng their volume whln stirred. Examples are
· starch in water, quicksands and beach sa · ds. . ··
Thixotropic fluids- a fluid which exhibits decre.ase ·in. consistency
with time to a minimum value at any shear rate. It will break down
wh. en stirred but rebuild itself after ajven time. Examples are
drilling muds, gypsum in water, paint.
Typical fl.ow diagrams (rheogram) for v ous fluids:

!
Ill

...•
c;;
11·
•
.r:.
Ul

.· Shear Rate & Velocity · ·. · · . . · · . I . . She1r Rate . . .

NOTE: Shear stres~ is proportional to pre~sure Cir total head; shear

· . ·.·rate is proportional to· yelocity or fiow. . · . ·

Useful formulas .for solids and slurries:

·. · SL = Specific· gravity of liquid ··
Ss = Specific gravity of solids
Sm ·. Specific gravity of slurry !mixture
C" = Percent solid concentration by volume
C..,.. = .Percent solid concentrati ·n by weight·.

(1) C,. == Sm - SL
Ss - SL

(2)

(3) · Sm.= C,.. (S5 - SL)+ SL·.

(4) .. s = . SL .
m l _ Cw(S~ - SL)
Ss

----4-53··
 ····c·~·
I ;) lngersolB·D~sser Pumps . ·. C:iffieron Hydraulic Data .
•

_. l .: •

1.5 _ _ _ _ ___,.._ _ _ _-.-.__,_..,...-..,....-r---7'--r---.....---.,....-__,,.

.
~~ . .-
.
- -··
...•
·
-- -c~-
-

l-
~
c:
.
;_···c·~
I&..
-
1··
. 11·
10......_.;..;.a.._o.....
. .;..;.._....;..2...i..;o_·;...... -3L....o_......;...i.40.......- - .s·o-.-....JeL....o...._.........
1•0 0• i:::::;;___;....J,19- ·, -.-'eo-..;..._.,i100
Percer:ttage by Volume or by Weight C, or C,. ..

•.. · Frorri Centrifugal Pumps byA~ J. Stepanoff with permission of John Wiley & &ns. . .I ·. ·.. ,,
I .

..·.1 .:
Critical Carryil\g Velocity of Sl1Jrrie.s in Pipe~
As a slurry is conveyed by turbµlent flow in a pipe, particles have·.·
..'
't
·c:.
. ·.•

. a tendency to settle. The critical velocity ·of a slurry flow i11 a pipe is · . ·.·
that.velocity below which particles start.forming a . slidil,lg bed.onthe.·. i•
bottom of the pipe which will (!ause.the. fl()w .to bec()me unstable and·
the pipe Will eventually clog.; Genera(· slurry pipeline practice Js to
design the pipe velocity to exceed the . critical velocity by at least '.··.·~
'l
30 percent. · · · .. . .... · ... · · , · · ·
.··11
This velocity will depend Upon·. pipe diameter, solids concentration .· ·.
and the.properties ofthe·fl.uid and solicl particleis. ··.·' .
. Extended studies have been done. on crl.tical sp~eds of
.
mix- ·. slurry .
.. , ....

,..
' ·~ ~,..

tures. One typical study done by Durand with sand~ water suspensions ... . .

gives the rel~tionship.: ·•· . - ... · . · '·· ·. ·

· 'Yb.ere D = ir{side plpe diameter-~

· · · ··
. '. Ve= F1[2gD(Ss ~ 1) ] 112 ·:
.• ...

·
.•_.
....
Ss = specific gravity of solids ·
Vc = critical carrying velocity-· ft/sec · ·
g = acceleration of gravity-. ft/sec 2 . .· .. . '·.. t-
t
F 1 = ari experiment~! coefndent dependent upon grain size and

,.£
.concentration and approximate equals l.34 above .05 in. ·
particle size, NOTE: That this coefficient is for sand-water ·.·
.f
mixtures to 15 percent concentration by weighL r ..

.
In general slurry pipeline practice, to prevent settlement in· .the
.

pipeline, hydraulic conditions should ensure. turbulent flow; · · ·

'

-~
.· •
t
·4_54
t
•••••• ·.Pr perties of Liquids·
. ..I . .
1
. . .
.! '

.)...
• 7.:-.j . . . ' ·. • .· ·.
· As a very approximate guide for slurries with particle sizes under
·, . .1 . . .

...
.-;......,
50 microns, a minimum velocity in the ra.nge~ f 4. to 7 ft. ·per second
1

. second is required, provided this velocity giv. s turbulent conditions .

.)."'
:.•''\

..
·'
For larger particle size slurries (over· 150 mi rons) and volume con-
centrations up to 15 percent, a rough guide Pr. minimum velocity is
14 times the square root of pipe diameter (ft.), (Durand's equation) .

..
•'-:i
•-:;
)
There is no general method or formula tol determine the critical
velocity of all slurry combinations, therefo~e, if a precise critical
velocity is required, results should be obtainer by experimentation.

..•1
'-\·
.,_,•

·':;
Slurry Head Correction-Pipe Friction Loss
,,/

•·) ·For a given solid throughput and_· pipe diamfater, the lowest.·

.)
·.{~
) pressure loss is obtained at the transition bet ·. een laminar and turbu-
. lent flow. Although this minimum pressure. loss · is also the most ·
economical· running point '(power per· pound f solids), .the operating
I
I
.
ll;

I..
! '
.
I
I

.)
91· velocity must be kept above this critical· ca ·ng velocity. . j
=·.

•·") .
As with critical carrying velocities, many [extensive studies have

.).
•\
been done with pressure gradients of solid mi4tures. Again, a general
purpose formula for all slurries is impractic11 to predict. However,

.) •'b
)
certain guidelines can be followed.
When the slurry contains particles unde 150 microns and the
, , . ·. . . .

concentration of .these particles. is low,· and ..t~e fluid velocity is high

I . . ,
i .

·!.

:t
enough to ensure· uniform particle distribut'on in the pipe-· under ·
•~1 I

•£ ,,
ii
these circumstances, the slurry behaves as a *Newtonian liquid and · i

.'.•>J)
•)

.. \',:
'\..
}
Crltlcal .
Carrying
Velocity·

I
.)-)
•'.) Preature
Loss
~~.·
I
•> I,

..
•'::
9;1

··~
)
Velocity .
II

..".
l!

.)
il

~
· A typical pressure loss >"S. velocity relat onship ..
~·

.
'

·'.·,,.. •For Newtonian Liquid definition

.see page 1-5 . 4-55

·~
 I~·. lltgersoll~Dl'e~Sel' Punlps ····Cameron HydraulicData·

. the pressur~ loss is the same.aS thewaterfriCtiiiii !OSS wliich can be ·.·
. calculated from t}ie friction loss charts in a previous section~ (Pages · .·
3-3 to 3~48) · · ·· .. . .· · . - · . .
. . . . . '

Friction loss is also dependent oir.piperoughness. In slurry pipeli~e

· design, a rough pipe design will yield a higher pressure loss capability.
Using· a "C"* factor pipe. of 100 will result in a pressure loss capability
· about 100% greater than· design With· 3:. clean-"Steel pipe,. however
"C"* values. of140 are not uncommon.with certain types of slurries.
. Although slurry-pipe friction.· can be· higher than ·water or New- .
tonian fluids, 'many slurries have negligible head correction and be .·· can.
treated with· a co;rrection very n~ar1ythe·same·.as clear water. Avoid
l~rge corrections, unless . tested, since overcapaeity can cause pump
. problems. ··· · · · · ·· · · · · ·
: In calculating and/or ·est~mating pipe friction losses for ·slurries, jt · ._·.· ..· ·
·has been common practiCe, for many years, to use:the Hazen and · •
Williams . empirical formula ·discussed·.·.·.on .Pages· 3~7.and·.·•3:8.>This ·
' formula is convenient to use and experience has shown, Jhai' \\ith .
· the· selection· of the proper· friction factor ''C'·' .wilfproduce reliB.ble ·
·results. · · ·· · ·. · ··.· . .
······:
. Both the Darcy and Hazen~ William~ forll1ulas can be used for .
slurry pumping with appropriate experience correction factor~; The . .•
Hazen-Williams.1ormulais·.more convenientinthatuC''values can ..
.·. . ' be associated with given slurries' and extrapolated f~om the friction
··.#,
·-
.· ...
' ~ '

factor tabl~s,. using corrections: for various. '~C" factors shown·. on ··

I
••
·page 3-8~ . '

With reference toplllllp perforffiance, mostslurries ha~e little ·. ..·.#.

~-
affect·on performance •except.for density;· allowance, . however, should '

ft
be made for pump wear to maintai:tl plant production. ..' .

....
,_.,_, c
··1··
.,

.. ' .

. .

·* Friction factor in Hazen and Williams formula. "C" of 140 Is for n~w steel pipe.

4-56
e
..... \I
I.
.........
. : •.,,1

'; .
~ ..
!

•..,
·f.-'1

•··,
.,-,
.
e'~

(\
.'
'
I

SECTION 5
\
I

-
STEAMDATJl -
l
' •
I -
7

.. ~
( !

t
'

,
,. ....__-41--.....--+---1------1-.;--..._...,.._ _....
:

t
I
I
;

~
I
i
l

ll
I
I

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps •
I .. - •

.J
.
t
I
·I

.
.;

5-1·
 . . . . . .

·. 1.1 lngersoH·Dresscn Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

. . . . . . ··. . . : . . .. ..

:
. 1:---
·.·~-

"
•...

.·· .C!t.
.· .
' 111·
.:
CONTENTS OF SECTION 5 .
.·1c
.i .:
Steam Data

I:>_..
. ·. . P~ge.

·· Notes on Steam . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . ~ . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . ~ . . . • . · 5'"3 .· ·

!
Enthalpy ancl E~tropy-Definition . ~ . ~ .~ ... ~ ...• ~ ..•..... 5~4 · r
·, ..
.: ·.. : ' · . . ' .· ' . . . . - .

Mollier Diagram · ~ ~ . . . . . . . •. . ·.. :. . . . ~ . .. .. . ~ . ~·.. . . .. . ~ . .. . ~ . . .. ... • . 5~5 (;

•f
. . ' . ', . ' .~ . : .

Pressure-enthalpy
. . :
chart .. ; ... ~ ...... ~ . ......
,, , . .
; ...... ; ·~ . '.·
.
~ . . 5~6
. . . .:. •'

· ·. Steam Tables: .·
Temperature Data (to 705.47°F) .......•.'...... ~. ~ ........... 5-7·. ·.
Pressure Data (in Hg Abs) ........ '. ..... ~ .'; ............·... 5~14 · · ._.
· Pressure Data(mrn· Hg Abs) ........: >.... ~ .•. ~ ............. S-17 · ·. ·.· ···c'.
.. Pressure Data (to 320S.2 psia) ·: .. . : ..... ~· .....•...· ...... ; .. S-19 · .. . ' .

··.ft
. ··Superheated Steam Data ·~ . ~ :.... ·.•..•...... ~ ~· ~• ~ .. ~ ..... ". .... ·. 5-21
· Theoretical Steam Rat~s for Steam Ttlrbine~ ......<......... ·. 5-25 · · .·
Approxima~e· Turbine Efficiencies .... ; ...•.... •... ~ ............. 5-30 · .· .
·.1
Vapor Flow For~ulas •... ~ ... ~. ~ .. ~ .. ~ ~.; ...•~· ...
. Pressure Drop in Steam Piping ~ ........ •· ~ ..•.. ~ ...... ~ . . . . . . 5~34 . · .
Low Pressure Steam Flow ...•....• ~ .. ~• ...:....... ~ ...... ~ .. 5-38 · · .
.... ~
q d •••••••• :5:-32

·
·I
Pressure Drop in Steam Fittings ..... ~ ; ~, ........ <~ ...•... ~ . . . 5-39: ·. ·. . c·,...
.....
Psychometric Chart .... ~ .... ·" ..................... ~ ... ·~ ... 5-40
·

Boiler Feed Flow Data ........ -~ ·......... ~ ...... : ....• '.< . : ... 5-42 :

l
·. ·.·.··t:
.!····,
!
..
•

l
--5=2'~'-'...' ---
.-4-i . 4>
"
.I._
•. ,.!.. Steam Data

• ••
.....
~~.

Steam Data No es
Steam is the term usually applied to the apor-phase of water when
1

this phase is reached by boiling water. The term vapor describes the
gaseous state of any substance, below i~s critical· condition, from
which it can be reduced to a liquid by comp~ession. But water vapor is
usually thought of only in a mixture ·with air, while the word steam
has a much broader meaning. In a certain range of (low) pressures,
the terms steam and water vapor are used interchangeably.
"Boiling point" is the temperature at wh~ch a liquid boils-that is,
changes rapidly and Yiolently into vapor, 1<or steam, if the liquid is
water), through the application of heat.• When the pressure exerted
up.?n the. 1.iquid ~s 760. mm.Hg···o.r14.696lb.1jp.er sq in abs.,. t?e boiling
point of water 1s ·212°F or l00°C. The terpperature .at which water
boils varies, however, with the pressure; water may actually ·boil a~
freezing. temperature (32°F) provided the~pressure is held· down to
. 0885 lb per sq in; on the other hand its ma imum boiling temperature
(the critical temperature), is ·approximate! ·705°F, .under a pressure
of some 3200 lb per sq m; .· \ ·
m
llii
~team, or. wa.te. r.. vapo.r, is. 1.·nvisib.. le. Onr· t~roug._h pai:tial con.den-.
sat1on does it appear as. a mist. Steam ma .exist either 1n .saturated
form, while. in contact with water,· or as superheated steam, after
separation from ·the water from which it was generated and further
· . heating. Saturated steam may be dry or Iwet; iri the latter case ·it
. carries free moisture and . the amount o~ moisture determines the
f
, , . . . - I .

~'quali.ty" ·of the steam. The .exh. aust' fro.m steam. turbine or en.gine
is usually wet ·steam. The .temperature yf dry-or wet saturated
steam at a given pressure. is the same and is determined entirely by
t~e absolu~e pressure. If the pres~ur~ is mhintained, the temperature
will remrun constant as· condensation prllcoceeds .. Removal of . heat
produces condensation. ·
Superheated steam behaveslike a gas; ivhe_n compressed, its tem-
perature rises: when heated at' constant pr~ssure its volume in~reases,
when heated at constant volume its pressure rises, etc. Its condition
is usually indicated by the "degrees of superheat" above the saturation
temperature, and by its pressure.
1 cu ft of water, evaporated at 212°F and 14.696 lb per sq in absolute
·pressure, becomes 1606 cu ft of dry-saturated steam. ·
1 cu ft of·steam weighs 0.03731 lb, ~d
1 lb of steam occupies
26.80 cu ft, at a pressure of 14.696 lb peri sq in absolute and a tem-
perature of 212°F. ·
5-3
 ·c..
. - - . .

·. I ~· lngers~ll·Dreuer Pumps . Cameron Hvdraulic Data .

.. ~ . - . .

. . . ' , .··· ' .

. .:··
1 cu ft of dry air weighs Q.08073 lb, and T115.ofdry· occupies air · ~·
. 12.387 cu ft at pressure of 14.696 lb per sq in~bsolute arid a temper- . •·.· ~.·.,~..~.·
ature of 32°F. .· · · · · · •

The arnount of heat. to :e~uired tran~formal.··l~d·

Ii?!uhid into itshvapor, ...• ·. '.·.~.··
C
I
the temperature rema1n1ng constant, 1s · c e t e 1atent eat of .·
vaporization.··The value of the·Iatent heat varies \\'ith the .pressure·.· tit-
under which·· the liquid is caused to vaporize. · ;
The· 1atent heat. ()f vaporization .of water fo steafl'i is 970.3 Btu per· # . . . .· . ~
lb at atmospheric pressure ...•.... ··.· · .·. · · . . ·.. ... ·....·• . . .. ·. . .· · ..•···.· ·. ··.•. .•·· · · · "'. ·

The Btu .(British thermal unit). is equivale~t

to 778.0 ft-lb, which . •·. ;.: .·. I"
t
is the heat energy required to raise the temperature of l lb of water, . ;
1°F in the range from 32 .to 212°F. Iri the metric system use is made ·.·. . . J •.
. of the term calorie (cal) or grarn.;calotje ~hich is the h~at required ·. · ! ··
to raise. th~ temperature of l. gt~m of water l°C within the range ..· .~\ l ·.· · •· . ·
0. to 100°.C .. The ·kilogram-calorie or. large calorie is JOOO ·gram.;·.· . ·. . ·.. <f, . . . .:
·calories,.Jn modern pr~ctice the Joule isusedasa :rnea$ufe of energy.· .·
It is equivalent to 0. 7376 ft-lb: · · · ·· · •..•.•.•. t
The output of a stea~ generating plant is often e~pr,essed in · ·. J '
pounds .of steam delivered per hour. Since the steam output may vary ··t . ·.~
in temperature and pressure,.. the:hoiler·capacity is m()re . completely··.... ···· ····f ··• •.:
expressed as the. heat transf~rred. in Btu per. hgur .. Boiler capacity .·
is usually expressed as ~lo Btu (kB)/hour which is 1000 Btu/hour~. ·
.·.· ~~
·i
.
. .,...
t_
.or mega Btu (mB)/hour which is i,000,000 Btu/hour. .• . · ·. . · ·. ·· ·. ~ · · . ·. ·1·
·An older expression ofb()ijer cap~city is boiler horsepower. Itis. ·. :f · ·. ·. · . ·-
equivalent to 34. 5 lb of water evaporate<l per hr at standard atmos~ · ·.·.·•..~·
ph~ric pressure
. . .
and 212°F.
_. ..
''
I~. i~ equivalent
-. . .. .. to 33,475
.
Btu/hr. ·
. ... . . .. - __. - ' . -_,_

.· *ENTHALPY-(He~t Content) is the sum of th~ internal and external energies ofa substance:· .·.
· *ENTJ1.0PY-is a mea~ure of the unavailability of energy in a substance. . .·.· .c •• • · •• • • • • •

. *Fbr more details reference to MAR~S Handbook is suggested. ·. . . . .

.. .
: ; -_

..
. . ~
... \ ...
I
~
. "!
.·'.t't
~
•....--
"\
Steam Data

•·'•••:
••
Mollier Diagram for Steam

-~
•• Entropy. B!u/lb. F

.
1.0 I.I I2 1.3 i ~ 1.5 I6 1.7 l8 1.9 2.0 2 I 2.2 2.3
1650;.::___....:;:-_ __;,,r----r------~-~--.--~-1-~--....,.--~~........,....--...;;,16~
i
&'-,
,'--,
' '

lSOOf--~-+-----1~--+-----"~--f-l+Tf-~-+b-9--t-ir-+-H--P'<i---f-4-f-~-il--+---++-----'!1500

14~1 . . ·~--~-;.----11-/.-Jf.'~.j.-+,,;c::....--"'+-.f--++-~'--l---+-~.,._,1-1,,__--1'--~"""'14~
IT
14001----i----i~--+----.l-fr-~~-+.,.;c:>~--ji.-+~i.71-.......-+--+~-+-+-..;._-+-___;::t--.=::--il400

13~~1--l---....1...---+--:+~~'14-_,,..,0"'4'i~-l--IL-~,r..+--i.~~-./,,-~1----!.'---'~..;.,,,.-....J-J,13~

1300 l----l----<---+-~'-ff-+../,""-N-...,;c..+1--1--"!.:-l--0'--!.1-~ '1--+"---+--+-P......,..'--"=-~ 1300

'1250 i-l---!c-----M'-1::#-.
; I -1
~ 1200

i I JI SCI
1

Courtesy of Babcock & Wilcox.

5-5
I ~ lngersoH~Dresser PuiQps .·
'• . ·, ·. .. .
Ca~eron HydraµlicData

· . ·Pressure-enthalpy Chartfor Steam :·

0
o. 1000 : I
.·~·
12,000 . 13.!J)O · 1•.000 . l!l •.000
. . '.· : :. ·~ .

~.... psil
·:1
•......•
•
. Courtesy of Babcock Wilc:ox.
:
5-6
. ...•
.
•:I
,
...
..,, Steam Data

Properties of Saturated Steam-TeJperature Table

Vacuum
in Hg Specific Total heat or enthalpy
ref to volume Btu/lb
Absolute Pressure 29.921 in sat vap
Temp bar. at ft3/lbm water . evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg lb/in~ 32F v. hr hr11 . ha
32 0. iB03 4.581 i 0.08859 I 29.741 3304.7 . -0.0179 1075.5 1075.5
32.018 0.1805 4.585 0.08865 29.741 3302.4 0.0003 1075.5 1075.5
33 0.1878 4.n 0.09'223 29.734 3180.7 0.989 1074.9 1075.9
34 0.1955 4.96 0.09600 29.726 3061.9 1.996 1074.4 1076.4
35 0.203 5.17 0.09991 29.718 2948.1 3.002 '1073.8 1076.8
I

36
37
0.212
0.220
5.38
5.59
0.10395
0.1081.5
29.710
29.701
2839.0
2n4.4.
4.008 1073.2 10n.2 i
5 013. 1072.7 1077.7
38 0.229 5.82 0.11249 29.692 2634.2 6.018 1072.1 1078.1
39 0.238 6.05 0.11698 29.683 2538.0 7.023. . 1071.5 1078.5.
40 0.248 6.29 . 0.12163 29.674 2445.8 ·B.027 1071.0 1079.0
41 0.257 6.54 0.12645 29.664 2357.3 9.031 1070.4 1079.4
42 0.268 6.80 0.13143 29.654 . 2274.4 10.035 1069.8 1079.9
43 0.278 7.06 0.13659 29.643 2191.0 11.038 1069.3 1080.3
44 0.289 7.34 0.14192 29.'632 .. 2112.8 12.041 1068.7 1080.7
45 0.300 7.62 0.14744 29.621 2037.B 13.044 1068.1 1081.2
46 0.312. . 7.92 0.15314 . . 29.610 1965.1 . 14.047 1067.6 1081.6
47 0.324 ·5.22 0.15904 29.597 1896.5 15.049 . 1067.0 1082.1
48 0.336 8.S4 0.16514 29.585 1830.0 16.051 1066.4 . 1082.5
49 0.349 8:a1 0.17144 29.572 1766.2 17.053 1065.9 1082.9·.
50 0.362 9.20 o. i7796 . . 29.559 1704.8 . 18.054 1065.3 1083.4
51 0.376 9.55 0.18469 29.545 1645.9 19.056 1064.7 1083.8
52 0.390 . 9.91 0.19165 29.531 1589.2. 20.057 1064.2 1084.2
53 0.405 10.28 0.19883 . 29.516 1534.8 21.058 1063~6 1084.7
54 0.420 10 67 0.20625 29.501 148~.4 22.058 1063.1 1085.1
55 . 0.436 11.06 0.21392 29.486 1432.0 23.059 1062.5 . 1085.6
56 0.452 . 11.47 0.22183 29.470 1383.6 24.059. 1061.9 1086.0
57 0.468 11.89 0.23000 29.453 . 1337.0 25.060 1061.4 1086.4
58 0.485'' .12.33 0.23843 .· 29.436 1292.2 26.060 1060.8 1086.9
59 0.503 12.78 0.24713 29.418 12491 . 27.060 1060.2 . 1087.3
60 0.521 13.24 0.25611 29.400 1207.6 28.060 1059.7 1087.7
61 0.540 13.72 0.26538 29.381 1167.6 29.059 1059.1. 1088.2
62 0.560 14.22 0.27494 29.362 1129.2 30.059 1058.5 1088.6
63 0.580 14.73 0.28480 29.341 1092.1 31.058 1058.0 1089.D
64 0.601 15.25 0.29497 29.321 1056.5 32.058 1057.4 1089.5
65 0.622 15.80 0.30545 29.299 1022.1 33.057 1056.9 1089.9
66 0.644 16.36 0.31626 29.277 989.0 34.056 1056.3 1090.4
67 0.667 16.93 0 32740 29.255 .957.2 35.055 1055.7 '1090.8
68
l
0.690 17.53 0.33889 29.231 926.5 36.054 1055.2 1091.2
69 0.714 18.14 0.35073 29.207 896.9 37.053 1054.6 1091.7.
70 0.739 18.77 0.36292 29.182 868.4 38.052 1054.0 1092.1
71 0.765 19.42 0.37549 29.157 840.9. 39.050 1053.5 1092.5
72 0.791 20.09 0~388-44. 29.130 . 814.3 40.049 1052.9 1093.0
73 0.818 20.78 0.40177 29.103 788.8 I 41.048 1052.4 1093.4
74 0.846 21.49 0.41550 29.075 764., l 42.046 1051.8 1-093.8
75 0.875 22.22. 0.42964 29.047 740.3 I 43.045 105.1.2 1094.3
76 0.904 22.97 0.44420 29.017 111.4 I 44.043 1050.7 1094.7
77 0.935 23.75 0.45919 28.986 695.2 I 45.042 1050J 1095.1
78 0.966 24.54 0.47481 28.955 673.9 46.040 1049.5 1095.6
79 0.999 25.37 0.49049 28.923 653.2 47.038 1049.0 1096.0

Tables on 5-7 to 5-10 reproduced by permission from ASME Steam Tables0 1967 by American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.
..
Absolute pressures m inches Hg. millimeters Hg. and vacuum m inches Hg f;alculated by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.

5-7 .....,,
 '' '' . . -· '.. . '. '' '· .· ' .

.· I l 1ngersoll·Dresser Pumps . CaIT1eron :Hydraulic Data·

Properties olSaturated Steam~ Temperature Table '(eont.)

·Vacuum
..
in Hg Specific Total heat or enthalpy
ref to volume Btu/lb
l(bsolute Pressure. 29.921 in sat vap
Temp_ bar. at ft3/lbm water· evap steam
F. in Hg ·.mm Hg lb/in 1 32F . .·Va h1. . hra ·. h, .
.

80 1.032 ·. 26.21 .. . 0.50683 .. 28.S89 633.3 48;037 1048.4. 1096.4

81 1.066 ·. 27.08 0.52364:. 28.855 614.1 49.035 1047:8 1096.9
82 1.101 27.97 0.54093 .. ·ZB.820 595.6. ·50.033 ..
1047.3 1097.3
83 1.138 28.89. 0.55872 28.784 . 577:6 . 51.031 1046.7 1097.7
84 1.175 29.84 0.57702 .. 28.746 560.3 . 52'.029 1046.1 1098.2
85 1.213 30.Bi 0.59583 . 28.708 543.6 53.027.· 1045.6 1098.6
86 1.253 . 31.81 0.61518. .· 28.669 527.5.' 54.026 1045.0. . 1099.0
87 1.293" 32.84. 0.63507 ... 28.628 511.9 .. 55.024. . 1044.4 1099,5
88 ·1.335. 33.90 0.65551.· . 2B.S87 496.0·· .. . 56.022 . .1043.9 1099.9
89 ·1.377 34;99 0.67653··. 28;544·· 432~2· 57.020 1043.3 .. · 1100.3
.·

. 90 1.421 . 36.10 ·. o.69013 28.500 468.1 .· 58~0i8 . 1042.7 •1100.8

91 1.467 .. : 37.25 0.72032 .. 28.455. .. 454.5 . 59;016 1042.2 1101.2
92 1.513 .. ·.38.43 0.74313 . . 28.408 441.3 .•. ·.60.014 ·. 1041.6 ·. 1101.6
0.76655• . .. 428.6.
93 1.561 39.64 28.361 .. 61.012 .. 104l;0 ·. 11 p2~1 .
94 .1.610.' .".40.89 0.790"62 •.·. 25:312 . 416.3 . 62.010 .. . '1040.5 1102.5
. .
95 1.660. 42.165 0.81534 . : .· 28.261 404.4 ·. 63.008 ... 1039 ..9 •.. , 102.9
96 ' 1.712 43.478 o.e4or2· ·20.210 392.9 . 64.006 1039.3 . .1103.3
97.•. ·· 1.765. 44.826. 0.86679· 28.157 . 381;7 ·• 0s:oos 1038.B . .1103.8
98 1.819 . 46:210 ·0:89356. ... 28;102 .. 370.9. ·. 66'.003 . . 1038.2 . 1104.2
99 . 1.875 47.631 .. 0.92.103 . 28.046 360.5 67.001 . "1037.6 .· . 1104.6
.. ...
100 1.933 ·. 49.090 . 0.94924 27.989 350.4 ··67.999 .1037.1 .· .· 1105.1
101 1.992 50.586. ...· 0.97818 27.930 .. 340.6 68.997 .. . : 1036.5 ·. 1105.5
102 2.os2·. 52.123 1;00789 27.869. 331.t 69.995". 1035:9 1105.9
.. 103 2.114 53.700. . 1.03838 27.807 . 322.0. ·. 70.993 1035.4 .·· 1106.3
. 104. 2.178 "55.317.. ."(06965 . 27.743 ·.· 313.1 71.992 . . ·1034:0. , 106.8
105 . 2.243 56.976 . 1.10174 .· .· 27.678 304.S . ·72.900 .1034:2 . '1101.2
106 2.310 s0.ea1 · ·1.-1347 27.611 .... 296.1.8 ... . ···73_99··. 1033:6 . 1107.6
107 2.379 60.424 1.1684 27.542 .· 288 ..11 · ·.. 74.99 . 1033.1 .. , 108.1
108 I·. .2.504 62.213 1.2030 27.417 . 280.30 · ·15.98 1032.5 ,. .1108.5'
109 2,522 64:049. 1.2385. ·.· . ·.. 27.400 . 272.72 .. 16.s5··.· ,1031.9 1.108.9
110 2:596 . ·. 55,935 .. 1.2750 . .21:325 265.39. . 77.98. . 1031.4 .. .1109.3.
, 11 2.672. 67.865 1.3123 . 27.249 . . , 258.28 . 78.98• . 1030.8.. 1109.s··
112 2.750. .., 69.841 1.3505 27.112· . 251.38. . ·19.98.. ·. 1030.2 1110.2
113 . 2.830 n.873 1.3898 ···.·21.092··. 244;70 80.98 1029.6 . 1110,6
.114 2.911 . 73.947' . '1.4299 27.001.. . 238.22. ·. .. 81.$7 1029.1.. , 111.0
115 2.995·· 76.078 . 1.4711 26.926 . 231.94 a2:u > .. 1028.5., 1111.5
116 3.081 ·.: . 78.260. 1.5133 2s:940·. 225.85 .· 83.91 •.. 1027.9 ·. 1111.9
117 . 3.169 80.499' . 1.5566 .· 26,752· . 219.94 .84.97 . 1027.3 1112.3
118 3.259 . 82.790 1.6009 .·. .. 26.662. 214.21 ·. . 85.97 . .. ·-1026.8 .. 1112.7
119 3.352 85;138 1.6463 ·. 26.569 208.66 ·86.97 1026.2 1113.2
.. .. ..
120 3.446 87.538 . 1.6927...• · .·. 26.!l.75 . 203.26 •.• Si97 .1025,6 , 113.6
121 3.543·• 89.999 · 1.7403 . .·. 26.378. 198.03 · ea:gs 1025.0. 1114.0
· 122. . 3.643 92.523 . 1.7891 ... ·. 26.279 i92.95.. 89.96'. 1024.5 1114.4
123 3.744 95.103 1.8390 26.177 . 188.03. ·.. 90.96 1Q23.9 . 1114.9
124 3.848·· 97 ..746 i.8901 26.073 183.24. 91.96 ·.· 1023.3 .. 1115.3
125 .· 3.956 ·. 100.47. 1.9428 ·.. 25.966 .178.60 92.96 1022.1· 1115.7
126 4.064 .103.22 1.9959 .. 25.858 ' 174.09 93.96. 1022.2 1116.1
127 4.175 106.05 ..
128
129.
4.289
4.406
108.95 .
.. 111.92
2.0507 ..
2.1068
2.1642
25.746 .
: 25.632
25.515
169.72
165.47
.161.34
94.96
95:96
96.96
1021..6 •
1021.0
1020.4
1116.5
.. 1117.0
1117.4 - t
Tables on 5·7 to 5-10 reproduced by permission from ASM E Steam Tables~ 1.967 by American Society, of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. · ·· · . ·
. Absolute pressures in inches Hg, millimeters Hg, and vacuum in inches. Hg calculated by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.
·:;:.

... -.'
r
5-8
•
~
•.•.,,
. :
,.
Stean1 Data

•.••
i
~
. j.'
i

, Properties of Saturated Steam-TempE rature Table (cont.).· ..

..

.,•:."'
I

Vacuum
in Hg Specifiic Total heat or enthalpy
I
ref to volume Btu/lb .
Absolute Pressure 29.921 in sat valj>'

•··•·';
Temp bar. at ft3/lbrr' water evap steam
F in Hg mm Hg lb/in~ 32F V11. hr h1.. hi:

·-) 130
131
132
4.526
4;648
114.96
118.06
2.2230
2.2830
25.395
25.273 157~
153.
97.96
98.95
1019.~
1019 3
1117 8
t 118.2

·-·
4.n3 121.25 2.3445 25.148 149.6 99.95" 1018.7 1118.6
133 4.902 124.50 2.4074 25.020 145.9 100.95 1018.1 1119.1

~
134 5.032 127.82 2.4717 24.889 142.4 101.95 1017.5 1119:5
135 5.166. 131.23 2.5375 24.755 138.9~ 102.95. 1016.9 1119.9
~
•.i."':
136 5.303 134.70 . 2.6047 24.618 135.5 I · 103.95 . 1016.4 1120.3
'
137 5.443 138.26 2.6735 24.478 132.21 104.95 1015.8 . 1120.7
138 5.586 141.89 2.7438 24.335 129.1 105.95 1015.2 1121.1
139 5.773 145.61 2.8157 . •24.188 126.01 . 106.95 1014.6 1121.6

.).)
~-.·
.-'
140
141
142
.143.
5.882
6.035
6.192
6.351
149.41
153.30
157.27
161.32
2.8892
2.9643.
3.0411
3.1195
24.039
23.886
23.730
23.570
123.0~
.120.0'
117.2~
114.4
I
107.95
108.95
109.95.
110.95
1014.0
1013.4
1012.9
1012.3
1122~0
1122.4
1122.8
1123.2
;
'

·-.).I
144 6.515 165.47 3.1997 23.407 111.7 111.95 . 1011.7 1123.6
145 6.681 . 169,71 3.2816 . . 23.240 112.95 1011.1 1124.0
.) 146 6.852 174.04 3.3653 23.069 10911
106.5. 113.95 1010.S 1.124.5
..
·~·
147 7.026 178.46

II'
3.4508 22.895 104. t 114.95 1009.9 1124.9
,:~~
148 7.204 182.97 3.5381 ' 22.718 101.7 115.95 1009.3 1125.3.
149 . 7.385 187.58 3.6273 22.536 99.3-

.)
. 116.95 1008.7 1125.7
. ~
150 7.571 . 192.30 3.7184 22.351 s1.ot
I

117.95
.;~
1000:2 1126.1
151 7.760 197.11 3.8114 22.161 94.84 118.95 1007.6 1126.5
i 152 7.954 202.02 3.9065 21.968
•
'') I
I 92.61 · 119.95 1007.0 1126.9
' 153 8.151 201.04· 4.0035 21.770 90.5 120.95 1006.4 1127.3
154 8.353 212.16 4.1025 21.569 88.5*. 121.95 1005.8. 1127.7

•.}
•)
I

155 B.559 217.39 4.2036 21.363 86.5~. 122.95 1005.2 1128.2

156 8.769 222.73 4.3068 . 21.153 123.95 1004.6 1128.6
.··:~ 84.5;
157 8.983 228.18 4.4122 20.938 82.6 124.95 1004.0 1129,0
158 9.202 . '233.74 ·4.5197 20.719. 80~8 125.96 . 1003.4 1129.4

••• 159 9.426 239.41 4.62S4 . 20.496 79.0•I 126.96 1002.8 1129.8

.)".)
·.

I
. 160 9.654 245.20 4.7414 20.678 77.29. 12r.9s 1002.2 1130.2
) 161 9.886 251.11 . 4.8556 20.035 75.5$ 128.96 1001.6 1130.6
v
162 10.123 257.14 4.9722 19.798 73.9i 129.96 1001.0 1131.0
163 10.366
164 · 10.613
263.28
269.56
5.0911 19.556 72.~~ 130.96 1000.4. 1131.4

....
5.2124 19.309 70.7 131.96 999.8 1131.B i
I

.I
165 10.864 275.96 5.3361

....
19.057 s9.16 132.96 999.2 1132.2
.) 166 11.121 282.48 5.4623 18.800 67.6(3 133.97 998.6 1132.6 I
167 11.384 289. 14 5.5911 18.538 6s.2g · 134.97 . 998.0 1133.0
i•' 168 11.651 295.73 5.7223 18.27.1 64.8, 135.97 997.4 1133.4
9) 169 11.923 302.85 5.8562 17.998 63.4r 136.97 996.8 1133.8

•'.) 170
171
12.201
12.484
309.91
317.10 .
5.9926
6.1318
17.720
17.437
62.-01;
. 60.7~
137.97
138.98
996.2
995.6
1134.2
1134.6
• ~">, 172 12.773 324.44 6 2736 17.148 59.45 139.98 995.0 1135.0
I
173

.)
13.0GF 331.92 6.4182 16.854 58.1~ 140.98 994.4 1135.4
.\ 174 13.361l 339.54 6.5656 . 16.554 56.91 141.98 993.8 1135.8
175 13.674 347.31 67159 16.248 55.7fl 142.99 993.2 , 136 2

•• ;
176
177
13.985
14.303
355.23
363.30
6.8690
7.0250
15.936
15.618
54.6)1
53.417
143.99
144.99
992.6
992.0
1136.6
11a1.o..:.

.)
.

.~l 178 14.627 371.52 7.1840 15.295 52.3'3 145.99 991.4 1137.4
l. 179 14.957 379.90 7.3460 14.965 51.28 147,00. 990.8 1137.8
Tables on 5·7 to 5·10 reproduced by permission from ASME Steam Tabl ~sf 1967 by American Society of

.\
•'~
~

,.;
~-
• p
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reseived. . .
Absolute pressures in inches Hg. millimeters Hg. and vacuum in inches • lg calculated by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.

. I 5-9
•~. ,• •1

-~
I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps ··camerori Hvdraulic.Data. . J . .

Vacuum
in.Hg·· ·Specific Total. heat or enthalpy L

.ref to volume Btu/lb .

: Absolute Pressure · 29.921. in sat vap ·
Temp bar. at · ft 3 /lb.m water evap . steam
F in Hg mm Hg lb/in~. 32F v~ hr h,. h~··

180 15.293 ' 388.42 7.5110 14.629 5Cl.225 148.00 . 990.2 1138:2
181 15.635 397.12 7.679 14.287 49.194 149.00 .. 989.6 1138:6
182 15.983 405.96 7.850 '1.3.939 48.169 . 150.01 . 989.0 1139.0
183 16.339 .. 415.01 8.025 13.582 47.207 151.01 988.4 1139.4 .
184 16.701 424.22 8.203·· 13.220 46.249 152.01 987.8 1139.B

185 17:070 . ·433,55 8.384 12.851 45;31,3 153;02 •'

987.1 .1140.2
186 17.445. 443.09 8.568 . 12.477 ·44.400 .· 154.02• 986.5 1140.5
187 17.827 452.81 8.756 12.094 43.508. .155.02 985.9 1140.9
188 18.216. 462.69 8.947 11.705 42.638 : 156.03 ·.·985.3 ·1141.3
189 18.611 472.72 . 9.141 '11.31.0 . 41.787 157.03 984.7 1141.7
190 19.016 . .\83.02 '9.340... ·.· 10.905. ..40.957' 158.04 ·. 984.1 1142.1
191 19.426 . .493.41 . 9.541 : 10.496 .•. ·40;146. 159.04 .. 983.5 1142.5
192 19.845 ,. 504.06 ... 9.747. . ' .. 10.076 '39.354 160.05 .· 982.8 1142.9
193 20.271 . 514.87 9.956 9.651 38.580 161.05 982.2 1143.3
194 20.702 ··'525.84 10.16f$. .· 9.219· . 37.824'. 162;05 981 ..6 .. . 1143.7

. . 195 21 ..144 · 537,oe .10.385 8.i11 .37.086. 163.06 981,0. 114:4.0

196 21,592. 548.43 10.605 8.329 .36:364 .. . 164.06 980.4 . '1144.4
. ·..
197. ' 22.050, 560;07 10.830 . ·: 7.871 35.659 165.07. 979.7 1144.8
198 . I~ 22.-5.1i$ 571.86 . 11.05a- ... 7.407 34.970 . A6s,os 979.1· . - f.145.-2
199 22.987 583.86 '11.290' ' 6.935 . 34.291 . 1.67.08 978.5 1145.6
. 200 23.4f;7 . 596.06 11.526 '6.454 33.639 . 168;09 977,9 i146.o
201 23.956 608.48 11..766. .·:5.966 32.996 .. · 169.09. .. 977:2. .1146.3
202 24.456 621.15 12.011 5.467 . 32.367 170.10 . 976.6 1146.7
203 24.960 633.97 12.259 4.962 31.752. 171:10 976.0 1147.1
204 25.475 .· 647.05 1.2.512 4.447' 31.151 172.11 975:4. .· 1147.5
'
205 26.000 660.40 12.770 3.921. 30.564 173.12.. 974.7 ,. 1147:9
206 26.531 673.89 13.031 3.390 ·. . 29.989 174.12 974.1. . 1148.2
207 27.073 687.65 .• 13.297 . 2~848 29.428 175.13 ,· 973.5 . 1148.6
208 .· 27.625 701~67 . 13;568 2:297 ,. 28.878· 176.14 .·. 972.8 1i49.0
209 2B~ 1.85 . 715.89 13.843 ·. 1.737 28.341 1.77.14 972.2 .. 1149.4
210 28.755 730.37. 14.123 1.167 27.816 .178.15 .. .971:6 . 1149.1
211
212
29.333
'29.921 . 745.05
760.00
14.407
14.696 •
0.568
,, 0.000.
·. 27.302 .
26.799
179;16
180,17
970.9
C:l7Q.3
.1150.1
1150.5
Tables on. 5-7 to 5·10 reproduced by permission from ASME Steam Tables0 1967 by American Society of
Mechanical Engjneers. All rig~is reser\led. . ·. , . ·. · •. : ·. · · ·· · . ·.· . ·· .· · · · . ··.
· Absolute pressures in inches Hg •• millimeters Hg. and vac;:uum in inches Hg calculated by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps.

~:, I .

5-10
•·)
••
··~,:
Steam Data

.•.•·1•••
·~
:,

,
Properties of Saturated .Steam~ Temp~rature Table (cont.)

Abs
Specific
volume Sat
Enthalpy, Btu/lbm

Sat Sat
Entropy .
Btu/lbm x F

Sat

••
Temp press ft3/lbm liquid Evap vapor liquid vapor Temp

....
F lb/ini VJ hr hr11 h. s, s.. F

·~') 212 14.696 26.799 180.17 970.3 , 150.5 0.3121 1.7568 212
213 14.990 26.307 18117 969.7 1150.8 0.3136 1.7552 213
"'\,.
214 15.289 25.826 182.18 969.0 1151.2 0.3151 1.7536 214
215 1s.s92 25.355 183.19 968.4 1151.6 0.3166 1.7520 215
~.) 216 15.901 24.894 184.20 967.8 1152.0 0.3181 1.7505 216

220 17.186 23.148 188.23 965.2 1153.4 0.3241 1.7442 220

224 18.556 21.545 192.27 962.6 ,1154.9 0.3300 1.7380 .224 ' .
228 20.015 20.073 196.31 960.0 1156:3 0.3359 1.7320 228 '
232 21.567 18.718 ' 200.35 957.4 1157.8 0.3417 1.7260 232 '
236 23.216 17.471 ' 204.40 954.8 1159.2 0.3476 1.7201 236

240 24.968 16.321 20a.45 952.1 1160.6 0.3533 . 1.7142 240 i.

244 26.826 15.260 244 !
' 212.50 . 949.5 . 1162.0 0.3591 1.7085
248 28.796 14.281 216.56' 946.8 1163.4 . 0.3649 1.7028 248
252 30.883 13.375 220.62 944.1 1164.7 0.3706 ', 1.6972 252
255 33.091 12.538 224.69 941.4 1166.1 0.3763 ' 1.6917 256
i
!'
260 35.427 11.762 228.76 938.6 1167.4 '0.3819 1.6862 260
264 27.894' 11 .042 232.83 ' 935.9 1168.7 0.3876 1.6808 .264
..-I
268
272
276

280
284
288
292
40.500
43.249
-46.147 - -

49.200
52.414
55.795
59.350
10.375
9.755
- 9.180·

8.6439
.8.1453 .
'7.6807
7.2475.
236.91
240.99
-.245708 - -

249.2
253.3
257.4
261.5
. 933.1
930.3
-92·7 :.S

·924.6 '
921.7
918.8
915.9
·-
1170.0
1171.3
. -1-17-2.5

1173:8
1175.0
1176.2 .
1177.4'
-
0.3932
0.3987
,_ -0;4043 - ,_

o.4098
0.4154
,, 0.4208
0.4263
1.6755
1.6702
-1~6650

1.6599
1.6548
1.6498
'1.6449
268
272
- - - 216

280
284
288
292
---
296 63.084 6.8433 265.6 . 913.0 1178.6 0.4317' '1.6400 296
300 67.005 6.4658. 269.7 910.0 1179.i' 0.4372 1.6351 300
304 71.119 6.1130 273.8 907.0 .1180.1 0.4426 .1.6303 304
308 75.433 5.7830 278.0 904.0 1182. .Q.4479 1.6256 308
312 79.953 5.4742 '282 1 901.0 1183. ' . 0.4533 .1.6209 312
316 84.688 5.1849 286.3 897.9 1184.1 0.4586 1.6162 316

320 89.643 . 4.9138 2904 894.8 1185.2 0.4640 1.6116. 320

324 94.826 4.6595 294.6 891.6 1186.21 0.4692 1.6071 324
328 100.245 4.4208 298.7 888.5 1187.2! 0:4745 1.6025 328
332 105.907 ' 4.1966 302.9 885.3 ' 1188.2] ' 0.4798 1.5981 . 332
336 111.820 3.9859 307.1 882.1 '1189.1 0.4850 1.5936 336

340 117.992 3.7878 311.3 878.8 . ' 1190.11 0.4902 1.5892 340
344 124.430 3.6013 315.5 875.5 1191.01 0.4954 1.5849 344
348 131.142 3.4258 . 319 7 872.2 1191.9j ·o.5006 1.5806 348
352 138.138 3.2603 323.9 868.9 1192.7[ '0.5058 1.5763 352.
356 145.424 3.1044 328.1 865.5 1193.6'I 0.5110 ' 1.5721 '356
"

360 153.010 2.9573 332.3 862.1 1194.4! 0.5161 1.5678 360

364 160.903 2.8184 339 5 858.6 119S.2i . 0.5212 1.5637 364
368 169.113 2.6673 340.8 855.1 1195.9!'
. I
0.5263 ,1.5595 368
372 177.648 2.5633 345.0 851.6 1196.71 0.5314 1.5554 372
376 186.517 2.4462 349.3 848.1 1197.4I . 0.5365 1.5513 376
I
380 195.729 2.3353 353.6 844.5 1198.(\ 0.5416 1.5473 380
384 205.294 2.2304 357.9 840.8 1198.7j 0.5466 1.5432 384
388 215.220 2.1311 362.2 837.2 1199.~ 0.5516 1.5392 388
392 225.516 2.0369 3665 833.4 1199.. 0.5567 1.5352 392
396 236.193 1.9477 370.8 829.7 1200.4. 0.5617 1.5313 396
'
Tables on pages 5-11 to 5-13 reproduced by permission from ASME Steam Tablesit 1967 by The American
Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.

5-11
 'I .

I ) ·.Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps Cameron HydraL1lic Data

· Properties of Saturated ·Stea·m-Ter1lpetat1Jre Table (cont.)·· . •

Entropy,
Enthalpy. Btu/lbm · Btu/lbm x F
. Specific•
Abs volume . sat Sat . .. Sat Sat
Temp press· ft3/lbm liquid .evap vapor ··1iquid. ·vapor Temp
F lb/in 2 . Vs hr htg h~ Sr s, F

400 247.259 1.8630 . 375.1 . 825.9 1201'.0 0.5667• 1,5274 :400

. 404 258.725 1.7827 379.4 822.0 . 1201.5 0.5717. .1.5234 404
408 270.600 1.7064 363.B 818.2 ·1201.9 :·o.5766 1.5195 408
412 282.894 1.6340 388.1 '.. . 814;2. 1202.4 0.5816 1.5157 412
416 295;617. ·. 1.5651 . .. 392.5. . 810.2 1202:a . 0.5866 ·1.5118 ·.416.

420 308.78 . .· . 1.4$97 396.9 806.2 1203.1:. 0.5915 1.soeo · 420

424 322.39 1.4374. 401;3 802.2 . 1203.5' 0.5964. 1.5042 424
428 335;45 . · 1.3782 405.7 798.0 1203.7 0.6014. 1.5004 428
432 . 351:00 ·1.3218 410.1 793.9. 1204.0 .· '. o:.so53 · (4966. 432
366.03 ,1.2681 . 414.6 .. 789.7 1204.2 .0.6112' 1.4920· 436
.. 436 :
..
440 381.54 · 1.21687 ... . 419.0 . .· 785.4 1204.4 . . .. 0.6161 1.4890 440
.. 444 ·. 397_55·· 1.16806 423.5 . 781.1 1204.6 . • 0.6210 . L4853 .· .444
448 414.09 . 1.12152 428.0 . 776.7 .1204.7 . 0.6259. ... 1.4815 448
·452 431.14 .. · 1.07711 . . 432.5 .. .·772.3 1204.8 0.6308. · 1.4778 .· .452
.455. 448.73·· ·.· · 1.03472. 437.b ' 767.8. 1204.8. 0,6356 1.474 ~ 456

460· ·. 466;87 ····0.99424 .441.5·.·· 763.2 12<>4.8. ... . 0.6405 .. 1.4704 . 46Cl
...
.464 485.56 ·.. ··o.95557 ·.·. 446.1 .·.··758;6 1204.7 . . 0.6454 .· .. 1.4667 . .464
. ·.468 504.83 0.91862 .. 450:7 .·· 754.0· . 1204.6 •.•. ' '0.6502. 1.4629 . . ··. 468
472 . 524.67 0.88329 455.2. 749.3. ··.. 1204.5 .. .· .• 0.6551 1.4592 ·.· .. 472
476 545.11 . ·. 0.84950 .. ·459.9 744.5. ·1204.3 .. 0.6599 1.4555 .·. 476
~·

566.15 . ;. 0.81717 464.5 .739.6 1204.1 0.6648 .• 1.4518

·.-· 480
480
484 587.81 0.78622 .·.·· 469.1 ., 734.7 1203.8. . 0.6696 1 .4481 . 484.
.·... 1203.5
.,
488 . 610.10 0.75658. 473.8·.· 729.7 0;6745 .1.4444 ·. 488.
492. 633.03. 478.5 .· r.4407 . . . 492
0.7.2820. ,· .724.6 1203.1 0.6793 .. 1.4370
496 656.61 0.70100 '4.83.2 719.5. ·. ·.1202.7 .. 0.6842 ··. ... 496

500 680.86 .··0.67492. 487.9. '714.3 .. 1202.2 . 0.6890: 1.4333 . 500

504
508
705.78
731.40
·.
.. 0.64991 ·· •
.0.62592....
. 492.7
497.5
·.· .709.0
.703.7
.. 1201.7 .
1201.1
.•· 0.6939.
· o.6987
.1.4296
. f.4258
504
508
512 751.72 0.60289 . 502.3 .698.2 1200.5 0.7036. .1.4221 .
. 512
·..
516 784.76 . 0;58079 .· :<.507.1 . 692.7 ·.1199J~· ··0.7085 . . 1.4183 . 516

520 a12.53 · .· 0.55956 512.0 . : 687.0 . 1199.0. 0.7133 . .. .1.4146 ·.. ·. ··520
524 841.04 0.53916 . 51.6.9. 68L3 · 1198.2 0.7182 . ·.1.4108. 524
528 870.31 .·. . 0.51955. ·. 521:8 . 675.5 1191.3 . . 0.7231 . 1.4070 528
.532· 900.34 .•.. 0.50070 ..... 526.a.·· · . 669.6 i196.4 . 0.7280 1.4032 532 . ;.)

536 931.17 0.48257

.. .
531.7
·. ..
. 663.6.
. ...
1195.4. . 0.7329.
..
1.3993 536
.:·<~.· ~·
540 . 962.79 . 0.46513 .. · 536.8 . . 657.5. . 1194.3 . ·0.1310 · . 1.3954 . 540 . -~:::
544 995.22 ·. 0.44834 . 541.8 .. ..· 651.3 1193.1 0.7427 1.3915 .. 544 -~
548 1028.49 0.43217 546.9: 645.0 . .. . 1191.9 0.7476 •.1.3876 . . 548 ..... ~
552 1062.59 .· 0.4i660 552.0 ...638.5· . 1190.6 .· 0.7525 ...·..• 1.3837. 552
556 1097.. 55 0.40160 · 551:2· ·632.0 .1189.2. . 0.7575 1.3797 .556

560 .1133.38 ..· 0.38714. . . 562.4 625.3 . 1187.7 . 0:7625 . 1.3757 560
564. 1170.10 .·· .. 0.37320 .· ·. .567.6 618.5 1186.1 0.7674 . 1.3716 564
566 1207.72 . 0.35975 572.9 611.5 . 1184.5 0;7725 . .. 1.3675 568
572
576
1246.26
1285.74
0.34678.
o.33426
. 578.3··
583.7
.. 604.5 ·.
. 597.2.
1182.7
1180.9
0.7775
.0.7825
1.3634
1.3592
572
. .576 ··.f-
580
584
588
592
1326.2
1367.7
1410.0
. 1453.3.
0.32216
0.31048..
0.29919
. 0.28827
599;1
594.6.
.. 600.1
. 605.7
589.9
582.4
. 574.7.
·see.a
1179.0 .
1176.9
1174.8
1172.6
0.7876
0.7927
Q.7996 ..
0.8030.
.. 1.3550
1.3507
1.3464
1.3420
580
584
588
592
f
.· .. ~
596 1497.8 0.27770· 611.4 55a.s 1170.2 . 0.8082 ·. 1.3375 596

Tables on pages 5-11 to 5·13 reproduced by permissicm from ASME Steam Tables' 1967 by The American .
Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. · .. . : . · ..
i
5-12
 Steam· Data ·

rope 1es o a ura e earn- empera ure a e con.

Entropy,
Enthalpy. Btu/lbm. Btu/lbm x F
Specific
Abs volume Sat Sat Sat Sat
Temp press ft3/lbm liquid Evap vapor liquid vapor Temp
F lb/in 2 v. hr h,, h, Sr s~ F

600 1543.2 0.26747 617.1 550.6 1167.7 0.8134 1.3330 600

604 1589.7 0.25757 622.9 542.2 1165.1 0.8187 1.3284 604
608 1637.3 0.24796 628.B 533.6 1162.4 0.8240 1.3238 .608
612 1686. 1 0.23865 634.B 524.7 1159.5 i 0.8294 1.3190 612
616 1735.9 0.22960 640.B 515.6 1156.4 . '0.8348 1.3141 616

620 1786.9 0.22081 646.9 ' '506.3 . 1153.2 0.8403 1.3092. 620
624 1839.0 0.21226 653.1 496.6 1149.6 ' 0.8458 1.3041 624
628 1892.4 0.20394 659.5 486.7' 1146.1' 0.8514 1:2988 628
632 1947.0. 0.19583 665.9 476.4 ' 1142.2 0.8571 1.2934 632
636 2002.8 0.18792 672.4 465.7 1138.1 0.8628 '1.2879 636

640 2059.9 0.18021 679.1 454.6 1133.7 0.8686 1.2821 640

644' 2118.3 0.17269 '685.9 443.1 1129.0 0.8746 1.2761 '644
646 2178.1 0.16534 692.9 431.1 1124.0 0.8806 1..2699 648
652 2239.2' 0.15816 ·700.0 418) 1118.7 0.8868 ' U!634 652
656 2301.7 0.151i5 ·, 707;4 405.7' 1113.1 0.8931 1.2567 • 656

660 2365.7 0.14431 714.9 392.1 '1107.0 0.8995 1.2498 '' 660
664 2431.1 0.13757 . 722.9 377.1 1100.6 0.9064 1.2425 664
668
672
676

680
684
2498.1
2566.6
2636.8

2708.6
2782.1
0.13087
0.12424
0.11769

0.111.17
'0.10463
731.5
740.2
749.2
' 758.5'
768.2
362.1
345.7
328.5
310.1 '
290.2
1093.5
1085.9
1077.6
1068.5
1058.4
0.9137 •.
0.9212
0.9287
0.9365
0.9447
• 1.2347.
1.2266
1.2179

1.2086
1. 1984
668
672
676
680
684
II
688 2857.4 0.09799 778.8 268:2 1047:o 0.9535 1.1872 688
692 2934.5 '0.09110 790.5 243.1 1033.6' 0.9634 1.1744 692
696 3013.4 0.08370 804.4 212.8 1017.2 0.9749 1.1591. 696
refr:--. ~-30ft4:3- -0:0751'!}-- -52~-·11..::.1 --g~ --o~g901- f--"'""1.f390 ' 700
.701 '3114.9 0.07271 828.2 159.8' 988.0 0.9949 1.1326 701
702 3135.5 0.06997 '835.0. 144~7 979.7 1.0006 . 1.1252 702·
703 3156.3 0.06684 ' 843.2 ' 126.4 969.6 1.0076 1.1163 703
704 3177.2 0.06300 854.2 102.0 956;2 1.0169 1.1046' '704

704.5 3187.8 0.06055 861.9 ·. 85.3 947.2 1.0234 1.0967 704.5

705.0 3198.3 0.05730 873:0 61.4 934.4 1.0329 '1.0856 705.0
705.47 3208.2 0.05078 906.0 0.0 906.0 1.0612 1.0612 705.47
Tables on pages 5-11 to 5~13 reproduced by permission from ASM.E Ste< m Tables• 1967 by The American
. Society of
Mechanical Engineers. all rights .reserved. .
'' :
Any pressure may be expressed in a number of different .units by using · the ·following conversion
formulas.
1 standard atmosphere = 14.696 lbfsq in absolute
1 standard atmosphere 29.9213 inches Hg cat 32"F..;....o•ci
1 standard atmosphere =:- 34 00 ft water (at 75'F-"23.9"CJ
1 standard atmosphere= 76 cm or 760 mm Hg 1at O"C-32"FJ
.1 pound per souare inch= 2.036 inches Hg 1at 32.F-O"Cl .
=
1 pound per squar~ inch 27.763 inches water (at 75' F-23.9'Cl
=
1 inch Hg lat 32'F) .491 pounds per square inch ..
1 mch Hg 25.4 millimeters Hg
1 kg cm'= 14.223 lb/sq in
1 pound per sq. in. = 6.895 kilopascals

····-5-13----
 . . . . . ' ' . : ' " '

I) lngersoll·Dresser·Pumps Cameron Hydraulic

"'
Data . .

· · · -PrOPEirtii!S Of s-'alufated SteSITl-Pressure; lri .Hg Abs

. ·. . ' . , . ,. ' . ' ' ·~ . . '•

Absolute Absolute Absolute

pressure Temp Sp vol pressure Temp Sp
vol.· pressure Temp
in Hg .... in Hg
Sp vol
.F cu . ft/lb F Cu ft lb <.1n Hg 'F cu ft· lb
.05 5.43 .. 11200 .. .50 . 58.80 ·. 1256.5. 1.00. 79.03 652.3
. .06 9.03 . 9400. .51 59.35. 1233.6 . i .01 .. 79.33 646.4 .•..
.07 12.11 8300. .52 59.90 1210.9 1.02. 79.64· 640.4 .
.08 14.83 7250. .53 60.43 , 189.5 . 1.03 79.94
.09 634.4
17.24 6500. .54 60.96 1168.3 1.04 80.23 628,7
.55 61.48 1148.4 1.05 0o:s2 . 623.1
. 10 : 19.44 . 5860. .56. 62.00. . 1128.6 J.06 . 80.81
.11 ·.· 617.5 .
. 21.42 5320 .. .57 . . 62.49 1110.2 1.07. 81.10 612.0
. 12 23.25· 4960 . .58 . 62.99•. 1091.9. 1.08 81.39 606.7
. 13 24.94 4520. .59 63.47. . . 1074.6 1.09 . . 601.4
.14. .• 26.53 81:67
. 4210 ..
.so.· 63:96· 1057.3 , .10 81.95 596.2
.· .. 15 . 26.00 3950. .61 .· 64.43 . 1041.0 .· ..
. 1:11 82:23 . 591.2
.16 29.39 .. 3730: ~62 64.90 ·. · 1024.9···· 1.12
. 17. ·.
82:s1 586.2
30.72... 3500. .63 . . 65.35 1009.7 1.13 82.78 581.3
.18 .· ... 31:96 3310. ~64 65.81 .•. 994.7. 1.14 . 83.06 576.5 .
..65 .. 66.26 980:3 . 1.15 ·83.33 571.8
.66 66.70 . 966.3 1.16 . .83.60 567;1
.. 67. 67.13 ·952.5. . 1.17 83.87 562.5.
.6a· · 67.$6. ·.939.4 1.18 .·. . 84.13 . 558.1 ·..
.. 1803 ·. 32.00 . 3306 .. ··· .69 ·57,99· 926.3. 1.19 .
33.28. 84.39 . 553.7
.19 3147 . ·.
.2.0 .. 34.56 . 2997 .. .. 70 68.40 .· 914.0 •· 1.20 84.65 .·.549.3.
.21 . 35.78 . 2861. . . ){ . stts2 901.7 .• · 1.21 . . 84:91
.22·. 36.96' ... 72 . . . 544.9
2736. ·69.23. . ·..• 889.9.· . 1.22 .· 85.17. 540.7 ·.•
.23 ·.· . 38.09. 2624 .. ·. .73 .• . 69.63' .878.4 1~23 8$.43 536.6
.24 ... 39.18 .. 2520• . . • .74 ·. 70.03. ...· . . ·061.1
.. ;75. .. 1.24 85~68 532.5
.25. ·.40:23 . 2424 ..· 70.43
.26 4(23 . 2336. .76 .. ·<a56.1 ·•· 1.25 ·85.93 · 528.4.·.•
70.81 845.5· 1:26 ·. 86.18 ·524.5
.27 42.22. 2253.. .. 77. 71.20 835.1 . 1.27 86.43 ..
.28 43.17 2177 .. 520.6
.78 71.58 825.0 .1.28 86.68 516.7.
.29 . ·. 44.0.6 2106 .•. . . .79 71.96 . 815.1 .· .1.29 86.92.· 512.9
.. 30 .44.96 . 2039 ..· .80 72.33 . 805.6• 1.30 87.17 509.2.
.31 45.83 . 19.76.8 .81 72.70 796.2.· 1.31
.32 87.41 505.6
46:67 1917.9 .. .82 . 73.06 786.9. 1.32 .87.65.
:33 . 47.48 . . 1863.Q .··.. 502.0.
..83 .··· . .. 73.42 778.0. 1.33. . 87.89
.34. . 48.28 1810.9 498.4
.84 · 73.70.. · 769.2 1.34 88.12
.35 49.05 . 1761.6 . .. 85 ..· ' 494.9
~!:!~
.36 .· 760.7 .· . 1.35 88.36 491.5
49:80 . . . 1715~3 .. 86. 1$2.4 .. .· 1.36 . 88.59 488.1
.37 .· 50.53. 167{1
. . ::~ .
. 74.83 744.1 1.37 88.83 .·484.7
.38 51.25 . ;629.9· 75. 17> .. 736.2 . 1.38 89.06 481.3
.39 ST..96 t 590.0 · .89 75.51
.. . 7.28.4 . 1.39 89.28 478.1
·. .·.
.. 40 52.64. 1553.o :90 15:85 120) 1.40 . ..
.41 · a9:s1 474.9
53.31 . 1517.0 .... 91 . 76.18 . 713.2 .. 1.41 <
. :42 ·53,95 89.74. 471.7.
1482.0 .92. 76~51 ·.. 705.9 1.42 139.97
...43 ·54.62. 1449.9 468.5
.93 .. 76.83 698.7 1A3 90.19 . 465.4
.44 55.25 .. 1418.5. .94 77.15 691.7 . 1.44
;45 . ·55.88 .95. 90.41 462.4
1388.4.. 77.47 684.8. 1.45 ·90,53 . 459.4.
.46 56.48. 1360.0 . .96 7.7.79 . :678.1 1.46. 90.85·
.. 47 ·s1.oe ..· 1332.3 .•.. . :.97 78.11 671.4 · 1.47 91.07
.. 456.4
.48 . 5.7.66 1306.2 . 453.5
.98 78.42 665.ci .1.48 91.29 .
.49 s5:24· 1280.9 . .. 99 .· 450.6
.. ·. 78.73 658.7. 1:49 91.50
. .
447.8
Sp volfor temp below 32"F are approximate. ..·. . · · . · · · · ·.··. ·. · ·. · . . ·.• .·· .· · . . .. . .
Values from .05 to .18 in Hg reproduced by permission from Chemical Engineers Handt ook by John H. Perry,
published by McGraw-Hill Book Co:, Inc. • . · . · . . · · · ·. · · ·. . .... ·..•..
Values from .1803 to .29.92 in Hg calculated graphically by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps by permission of the authors
and publisher from data in "Thermodynamic Properties of Steam" by Keenan and Keyes. ·

5-14
.....
._:
;
Steam Data

.•:•.
..

•-"!
··.'.... Properties of Sat.urated Steam-PrJssure; In Hg Abs
- . . · (Continued) · 1 · . ·

,..,_
....
··)•••
; Absolute Aosolule Absolute
pressure Temp Sp vol pressure Temp Sp vol · pressure
'F. Temp Sp vol
in Hg cu ft lb 1n Hg 'F. cu ft.'lb in Hg 'F cu ftllb
1.50 91.72 445.0 2.00 101.14 339.3 2.50

•..
108.71 274.9

•·"1 ,)
I·'
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
91.93
92.14
92.35
92.56
442.2
439.5
436.8
434.1
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
101.31
101.47
101.64
101.80
337.7
336.1
334.5
2.51
2.52
2.53
108.64
108.98
109.12
273.9
272.9
271.9
333.0 2.54 109.25 270.9
1.55

.)•·,
92.77 431.4 2.05 101.97 331.4 2.55 109.39
1..56 92.98 269.9
428.7 2.06 102.13 329.9 2.56 109.52 268.9
1.57 93.19 426.2 2.07 102.30 328.4 2.57 109.66
1.58 267.9
93.39 423.7 2.08 102.46 326.9 2.58 109.79
1.59 93.60 266.9
421.2 2.09 102.62 . '325.4 2.59 109.92 266.0
... . 1.60
1.61
93.80
94.00
418.7.
416.2
2.10
2.11
102.78
102.94
. 324.0
322.5
2.60
2.61
110.06 265.0
110.19 264.o
1.62 94.20 413.8 2.12 103.10 32U 2.62 110.32 263.1
1.63 94.40 411.4 2.13 103.25 319.7 2.63
1.64
110.46 262.2
94.60 409.0' 2.14 103.41 318.3 2.64 110.59
1.65 261.2
94.80 406.6 2.15 103.57 ·. 316.9 2.65 110.72
1.66 260.3.
95.01 404.3 2.16 103.73 .315.5 2.66. 110.85
1.67 259.4
95.20 402.0 2.17 '103.88 314.1 2.67 110.98 258.4
1.68'. 95.39 399.8 2.18 104.04 312.8 2.68 111.11 257.5
1.69 95.59 . 397.6 2.19 104.19 311.5 2.69 111.24 256.6
1.70 95.78 395.4 2.20 104.34 310.2 2.70 111.37
1.71 255.8
95.97. 393.2 2.21 104.50 308.8 2.21 111.49 254.9
1.7~ 96.16 391.1 2.22 104.65 307.5 2.72 111.62 . 254.0
1.73 96.35 389.0 2.23 104.80. 306.2 2.73 111.75
1.74 253.1
96~54 386.9 2.24 104.95 304.9 2.74 111.88 . 252.2
1.75 96.72 384.8 2.25 .105.11 303.6 2.75 112.01 251.4
1.76 96.91 . 382.7· 2.26 105.26 . 302.4. 2.76 ..112.13
1.77 250.5
97.10 380.7 2.27 105.41 301.1 2.77 112.26 249.7
1.78 97.28 376.7 2.28 105.55 299.9 2.78 112.38
1.79 248.8
97.46 376.7 2.29 105.70 298.7 2.79 112.51 248.0
1.80 97.65 374.T. 2.30 105,es 297.4 2.80 112.63
97.83. 247.2
1.81 372.7 2.31 106.00 296.2 2.81 112.76 . 246.3
1.82 98.01 370.8 2.32 106.15 295.0 2.82 112.88 245.5
1.83 98.19 368.9 2.33 106.29 293.8 2.83 113.01 244.7
1.84 98.37 367.0 2.34 106.44. 292.7 2.84 113.13
1.85 243.9
98.55 365.2 2.35 106.58 291.5 2.85 113.25 243.1
1.86
1.87
98.73
98.91
363.3
361.4
2.36 106.73 290.3 i 2.86 113.37 242.3
2.37 106.87 289.1 2.87 113.50 241.5
1.88 99.09 359.6 2.38 107.02 287.9 2.88 113.62
.1.89 240.7
99.26 357.9 2.39 107.16 286.8 . 2.89 113. 74. 239.9
1.90 99.44 356.1 2.40 107.31 285.7 2.90 113.86 239.1
1.91 99.61. 354.4 2.41 107.45 284.6 2.91 113.98 238.3
1.92 99.78 352.6 2.42 107.59 283.S 2.92 114.11 237.5
1.93 99.96 350.8 2.43 107.73 .282.4 2.93 114.23
1.94 236.8
100.13 349.1 2.44 107.87 2.94 114.35 236.0
1.95 100.30 347.5 281.31
2.45 108.01 . 280.2 2.95 114.46 235.3
1.96 100.47 . 345.8 2.46 . 108.15 279.2 2.96 114.58 234.5
1.97 100.64 344.1 2.47 108.29 278.1 I 2.97 114.70 233.8
1.98 100.81 342.5 2.48 108.43 277.Q i. 2.98 114.82 233.0
1.99 100.97
I 340.9 2.49. 108.57 276.0 i . 2.99 114.94 232.2
Values from .05 to .18 in Hg reproduced by permission from Chemical E1gineers Handbook by John H. Perry.
published by McGraw-Hill Book Co .. Inc. .
Values from .1803 to 29.92 in Hg calcuta1ed graphically by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps by permission of the authors
and publisher from data in "Therm(!dynamic Properties of.Steamtt by Keena~ and Keyes. ·
 ··I ~ lllgersoll·Dresser Pumps. • • ' ' I
.Cameron Hvdrauli~ Data··.
' ' '', .~' ' '

Propert.ie~ of Saturate~ ~team-Pr~ssure"; in-Hg. Ab~f...... ~

(Continued) .· ·
I
Absolute· . Absolute Absolute
pressure Temp. Sp vol pressure ·· . Temp Sp vol pressure Temp Sp vol
in Hg . ~F·. cu.ftllb in Hg . 'F cu ftllb · in Hg<·. ~F cuft lb

3.00 115.06 231.5 4.20 127..22 '168.8 12:00 169.3 ·. 63.0

3.05 .115.64 '228.0 '4.30 128.10 165.1 12.50 ', 171., 60.7 '
3.10 116~22 224.S·. 4.40 128.95 161.S .13.00 172.8 58.5
3.15 116.79 221.2 . 4.. 50 129;79 1.58.2 13.50 174.4· 56.5
3.20 117.35 '217.9 ' 4.60 130.61 155.o. · 14.00 ' 176.1. 54.6
3.25 117.90 ', 214.8 4,70 131.42' 151.a 14.50 177.6 52.8
3.30 118.45 211.8 4.80 '132.22 '148.9 '15.00 ' 179.1 51.1
3.35' 118.99 '2o8.8 4.90 133.00 '' 146.0' 16.00. 182.1 48.1
3.40 119.52 ' •, 205.9 '5.00 133.8 ' .. 143.3, · 11.00 184.8' 45.5
3.45 120.04 · ·. 203.o 5.50' ,,
137.4 131.0 18.00 187.5 ' 43.1
''
'' ,•

3.50 120.56 ··200.3 6.00 14.0.8 120.7 '' 19.00. ., 190.0 41.0
3.55 121.07 '197.7 6.50 · 143.9' 112.0 . 20.QO ·. 192.4 ' 39.1
3.60 121.58 · 195.1 7.00 146:9 104.5 21.QO 194.7 ,,
37.3
3,55 122.08' •' 192.6 7.50 '149.6 97.9 22.00 · 196.9· 35.7
3.70 122.57 190.1 ·a.co 152.2 92.2
''

'23.00 . . 199.0 34.3 ' · .. ~

3.75 • 123;06 ·. ..187.7 a.so. 154.7 ,87.0 24.00 '201.t' 32.9

3.80'' ' 123;55 1esA.· ·9.00 157.1 ·•··. 82.5 25.00' 203.1 31.7 ,'
3.85 124.02 '183.2' ·9.50 159.3 78:4 '26.00 205.0 30.6
3.90 ','124.49 .181.0 '' 10.00 ,, ,161:5 74.8 .· 27.00 206.9 ,· .29.5
''

3.95 124.97 178,8 10.50' 163.6' 71.4 2a.o0· 208.7' 28.5

4.00 '' 125.42 176.7. 11.00 ' 165.5' •. 68.4 ''

'29.00 "
210.4 1·
"
27.6.
' 4.10 ' 126.33 172.6 11.50 167.4 '65.6'. 29:92' 212.0 26.8 •
' . '

Values from .05 to .1803. in Hg .reproduced by perm1ss1on from Chem1c:at Engineen? Handbook l:>Y John H. Perry.

.
published by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. .: ·..• .· .•· .·· ·• · .· :·,• · .·· . · · ·· ..·· > ·. ' .. . . ····. ·. · ·
Values .from .1803 to 29.92 hi Hg calc:ulate.d graphically by Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps by permission of the authors .
._...
.and publisher from data in "Thermodynamic Properties of Steamn by Keenan and Keyes. ·
For correction of cibserve,d vacuum. and barameter to standard condition see pages 7-5 to 7~10 .. ·. · . c.··· "

·~

. J.. ...
·". £·<.
.:
'

-·
'

~'

,,
·.. "
·.: .

.. ;
• ..

'
' ....
' '
•... ....

,
. . :..··

·.~
'''
.. ..
. '• · .. ,. .. ..

.··6-
:. '

[
~
•..
t-

·~· t
5-16 "------~--

)d . . ·'-~
••..... ·Steam Data l
t
I

•·•··: Steam~P~ssure; mm Hg Abs

)
!

•.·--~
. Properties of Saturated
-~
Absolute· Absolute
~-~ Temp
Absolute
pressure Sp vol pressure Temp Sp ·.ol pressure Temp Sp vol
mm Hg 'F cu tt lb mm Hg 'F cu f1tlb mm Hg 'F cu ftilb

••
I

1.5 8,73 .!
9700. '25.0 78.55 662j.3 50.0 100.61 344.4
. 2.0
2.5
14.50
19.09
7300.
5920.
25.5
26.0
'79.15
79.74
65~.o 50.5 100.94 341.2
63~.2 51.0 , 01.27 338.0
3.0 22.91 4950. 26.5 80.33

•··';
62 .8 5i.s 101.60 334.9
3.5 26.19 4250. 27.0 80.90 61~.B 52.0 101.92 331.9
4.0 29.05 3780. 27.5 81.46 605!.3 52.5 102.24 328.9
er··~ 4.5 31.62 3380. 28.0 82.02 59'4i.s 53.0 102.56 326.0

.,,·-)
•·:-\ ,!

4.579 32.00 3306.

28.5
29.0
29.5
30.0
82.56
83.10
83.63
84.16
58~.2
57S.6
566.5

55~.5
53.5
54.0
54.5
102.88
103.19
103.50
323.1
320.2
317.5

•·)
55.0 103.81 314.8
5.0 34.17 3042. 30.5 84.67 54 .o 55.5' 104.12 312.1
5.5 36.55 2779. ' 31.0 85.19 540.. 5 56.0 104.41 309.5
6.0 38.77 2558. 31:5 85.68 53~.4 56.5 104.72 306.9
·(~
6.5 40.82 2372. 32.0 86.18 524.6 -57.0 105.02 304.4
7.0 42.75 2211. 32.5 86.66 s16.9 57.5 105.31 301.9
·-~~) 7.5
8.0
44.55
46.25 '
2070.4
1946.8
33.0
33.5
0t.15
87.62
5o9,.5
50~.4
58.0
58.5
105.61
105.90
299.5
297.1
•::~) 8.5
9.0
47.86
49.37
1838.0
' 1741.8.
34.0 80.09 49 .. 4 59.0 106.19 294.7
34.5 88.55 488..6 59.5 106.47 '292.4
·-~ .,, 9.5 50.83 . 1654.4 '
. I

•..
.:f'.~ 10.0 52.21 1576.1 35.0 89.01 .48~.o 60.0 106.76 290.1

•) )
10.5
11.0
, 1.5
53.55
54.82
56.05
1504.7
1439.8
1380.1
'35.5
.36.0
36.5
'89.46
89.91
90.34
475.6
46S.3
463.3
60.5
61.0
61.5
107.05
107.33
107.61
287.8
285.6
283.4
12.0 57.22 1326.0 37.0 90.78 ', 451:.4 62.0 107.88 281.2
.:'.~ 12.5 58.36 1275.8 37.5 91.21 '451!.7 62.5 108. 16 279.1
44i.1
.)
13.0 59.45 1229.5 '38.0 91.63 63.0 108.43 ' 277.0
13.5 60.51 1186.2 38.5' 92.05· 44 .6 63.5 108.71 274.9
.''.':) 14.0 61.54 1146.1 39.0 92.47 43 .3 64.0 108.98 . 272.9
14.5 62.54 1108.6 39.5 92.88 64.5 109.24 270.9
43J.o
15.0
•'; 15.5
63.50
64.44 .
1073.6
1040.7
40.0
40.5
93.29 42 .0 65.0 109.51 269.0
93.69 42~.o 65.5 109.77 267.1
·~~
16.0 65.35 ' 1009.8 41.0
, 16.5 66.24 ' 980.8 41.5
94.09
94.48
41 .1 66.0 110.04 265.2
41Q.4. 66.5 110.30 263.3
.:.~ 17.0 67.10 953.5 42.0 94.87 404.8 67.0 110.56 .· 261.4
17.5 67.94 927.7 ' 42.S

··"~
95.26· 401.4 67.5 110.82 259.6
18.0 68.76 903:3. 43.0 95.64 391,.0 68.0 111.07 257.8
41) 18.5
19.0
69.56 880.4 43.5 9s:11 asa.1 68.5 111.33 256.0
70.34' 858.S 44.0 96.39 388.4 69.0 111.58 254.3
19.5 71.11 837.S 44.5 96.76 69.5' , 11.83 252.6
e:.·) 381.2
20.0 71.85 817.8
•'.:~
45.0 97.13 '380.3 ·10.0 112.08 250.9
20.5 72.59 798.9 45.5 97.49 37~.4 ·10.s 112.33 249.2

·'.·'~
21.0 73.31 780.9 46.0 97.85 71.0 112.58 247.S
37!.6

··}'
~ 21.5 74.01 •' 763.6 46.5 98.21 36 .8 71.5 112.82 245.9
22.0 74.69 747.3 47.0 ,' 98.56 36 .1 72.0 113.06 244.3.
22.5 75.36 731.7 47.5 98.91 361.4 72.5 113.31 242.7
·:~<,
23.0
23.5
76.03
76.67
716.4
702.1
48.0
48.5
99.26
99.60
35T.9
354.4
73.0
7a.5
113.55
1·13.79
241.1
239.6
• ')I ·24.0 77.31 688.3 49.0 99.94 asi.o 74.0 114.03 238.1
24.5 77.94 674.9 49.5 100.28 34 I .7 74.5 , 14.26 236.6
·1~,

.
sp vol for ternp below 32°F are approximate. l'
···l••
' 'j
..:
.
·:~
Values from 1.5 to 4.579 mm Hg calculated from data Chemical Engi~eers Handbook by John H. Perry, published by
McGraw-Hill Book Co .• Inc. · I .
Values from 4.579 to 760 mm Hg calculated graphically by lngersoll-Oresser Pumps by permission of the authors
and publisher from data in "Thermodynamic Properties of Steam• by Keehan and Keyes.
• I •
-1,
)~
I .

5-17
I ) .· lngersOU-Dresser. Pumps ..
Cameron HvdraulicData
. . • . . . J.. . . . . ..
,_.•
~·
..

.Properties 'ofS3turBted

Absolute
..

Temp
steam=:.::press11re;
. .. . ..

Sp vol.
. .

AbsolutE!
·pressure
" .,

Temp
· .'

Sp vol··
.
m;.,·· ttg Abs. (cont.}
'

Absolute
·pressure
. . .. .. .

Temp
: .:.

Spvo! ·
<
••••
pressure.
•F cu ft/lb.·. nim Hg CF . cu ft/lb.· mm Hg ;F cu ftlo
··I!
·e:
mm Hg

75.0 114.50. 235;1 101 .0 125.21 177.7 135.0 136.1 135.3

76.0 ·.114.97 ·.· 232.'1 102.0 . 125.57 .. 176.0 ··· 140.0 137.5. 130.i

•c
77.0 115.43 . 229.3 . 103.0 125.93 . 174.4. 145.0 138.8 . 126.5
78.0 , 15.89 ·. 226.5 . . 104.0 126.28 • . 172.8 . 150.0 140.2. 122..6
79.0 116.34 .223.8 105.0 126.64 171.3 175.0 146.2 106.1

!-
80.0 116.78. 221.2 106.0 126:99 169.8. ..• 200.0 151.6 93.6
81.0 117..23. .·. 218.6 · ..· 107.0 127.33 . 168.3 ·.· 225.0 156.4 · 83.S
82.0 117.66 . 216.1. 108.0 . 127,68 ... 166.8 250.0 160.8 75.9
83.0 , 18.10 213.7 . '109.0 120.02·· "• 165.4 . 275.0 · 164.9 . 69.~
84.0 1. 18.52 . 211.3 110.0 •128.36 . 164.0 ·aoo.o 168.6 64.o·
·.. ·
85.0.
86.0
·87.0
118.95
119.36
119.78
209.0.
. 206:7 .
204.4 .
111.0
112.0
. 113.0
.·.
·.
..
128.70 .•. . .162.6 ..
129.03 ..
129.36 .·
161.2
.159.9 .
. :325.0
350.0
.... 375.0•
·112.1
. 175.3
178.4
59.4
55.4
51.9
. i: .
i
·.c· .· .
..
~· ·.·It.
.....
88.0 .120.20 202.2. 114.0 . 129.69 .. ·.. 158.6 400.0 .. 181.5 . 48.7 .
89.0 120.60 ·.. 200.1 .115.0 130.02 . 157.3 ·. 450.0 •· 1as.1 . 43.8
90.0 .. ·121 .01 .. 198.0. .. 116.0 130.34. .156.0 .. 500.0 191.6 . 39.7 ~
91.0 121.40 158.0. . 117.0 130.66 154.7 .550.0 196.1 36.3 ~l, ~

rC
92.0 . . 121.80 194.0. ·. 118.0 . .. 130.99 1$3.5 600.0 200.a·.·. 33.4
93.0 · 122.19 .. 192.0. 1 i9.0 ·-131.30 .152.3 · sso.o· ..··2o4.2 30.9
94.0 122.58 '190.0. 120.0 . 131 .. 62 151.1 700.0 207.9 28.9
..
131~93 •.·26.8 ·. ··.t· . It
·c
95.0 .· 122.97. -188.2 121.0 . 149.9 760.0 212.0
122:0 ·... ·.132~24 ·..
·. 148.8 ·.
96.0
97.0 ·.
123.35.
.123.73' ·.
. 186.4
184.6 • .123.0 . 132.55 ·. '147.7 •.
··,·
. .
.. 98.0 124.10 ·. 182.8 124.0 . 132.85 146.5
99.o·. . 125.0 .··. 133.16 . .. 145.4
100.0
124.47.
. 124.84
181.1
. ·.· 179.4 .130.0 134.7 140.2
'•
. i · -.·
Values from t.5 to 4.579 nim Hg calculated from data in Chemical·Engineers Handbook by John.H. Perry, published.· ·~ ~
by McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. . · · ·.. . , ·. . . · · ·· · . · · ·· · . . · · ·. · · ·· · · . · i · · ·.
Valubel.shfromt4.57d9tto _76.,.ohinrn Hgd calc~latp_ed grartphicafuy by ln?ebrsoKll·DresserdPKumps by permission of the authoi-5 .~ ·. .·· . .
an d pu 1s er rorn a a 1n ermo ynam1c rof)e 1es o 81earn y . eenan an eyes ..
-- . - - •... ~ __ ,
-. -·. - - - . . ' . ...~ ·:.· ,..c:r ~ -'-. • '::
< , ...
. .·. •· . ~· C;
._.
.·· ··~· . . . -.l ..

\ \·

~-

_._:~
.·. ~.
·~ t
.. -t
..
. . ~'
5-18
 ••• Steam Data

.•
·-~
.
•

. J
\
•

Properties of Saturated Stea.m-~ressure Table

•:".• Abs
press Temp
Spec1f1c votume

Water
ft·· tom

I Steam Water
Enthalpy
btu/lbm

Steam Water.
Entropy
bt1..:'lbm,, F

Steam
Abs
press

.•
lb/in1 =.F v, I/ • hr n. I· s! s. lbimJ ·
)
.08865 32.018 0.016022 I 3302.4 0.0003 1015Js · 0.0000 2.1872
I .08865
0.25 59.323 0.016032 '
I 1235.5 27.382 106714 0.0542 2.0967 0.25
'
:
". '
'
0.50 79.586 0.016071 i. 641.5 47.623 1Q9613 0.0925 2.0370 0.50
1.0 101.74 0.016136 I 333.60 69.73 1105Ja 0.1326 1.9761 1.0
3.0 141.47 0.016300 '
I . 118.73 109.42 1122]6 0.2009 1.8864 3.0
6.0 170.05 0.016451 I 61.984 138.03 , 134!2 0.2474 1.8294 6.0
10.0 193.21 0.016592 I 38.420 161.26 1143j3 0.2636 1.7879 10.0
14.696 212.00 0.016719 26.799 180.17 1150,5 0.3121 1.7568 14.696
15.0 213.03 0.016726 26.290 , 81 .21 1150 9 0.3137 1.7552 15.0
20.0 227.96 0.016834 20.087 196.27 1156 3 0.3358 1.7320 20.0
25.0 240.07 0.016927 16.301 208.52 116016 0.3535 1.7141 25.0·
30.0 250.34 0.017009 13.744 218.9 1164h 0.3682 1.6995 30.C
35.0 259.29 0.017083 11.896 228.0 1167j1 0.3809 1.6872 35.0

40.0 267.25 0.017151 . 10.4965 236.1 11 . 0.3921 1.6765 40.0

45.0 274.44 O.Q17214 9.3988 . 243.5 11 0.4021 1.6671 45.0
50.0 281.02 0.017274 8.5140 . 250.2. 1174 1 0.4112 1.6586 50.0
55.0 287.08 0.017329 . 7.7650 256.:4 1175 9 0.4196 1.6510 55.0
60.0 292.71 0.017383 7.1736 262.2 1177J6 0.4273 1.6440 60.0

65.0 297.98 0.017433 . 6.6533 267.6 1179[ 1 0.4344 1 .6375 65.0

70.0 302.93 0.017482 6.2050 272.7 1180l6 0.4411 1.6316 70.0
75.0. 307.61 0.017529 5.8144 277.6. 1181f9 0.4474 1.6260 75.0
80.0 312.04 0.017573 5.4711 282.1 .· 11B3i 1 0.4534 1.6208 80.0
85.0 316.26 0.017617 5.1669 .. 286.5 1184f2 . 0.4590 1.6159 85.0

90.0 320:28 0.017659 4.8953 290.7 1185l3 0.4643 . 1.6113 90.0

95.0 324.13 0.017700 4.6514 294.7 118&2 0.4694 1.6069 95.0
100.0 327.82 0.017740 4.4310 298.5 1187'~2 0.4743 1.6027 100
105.0 331.37 0.01778 . 4.2309 302.2 1188!.0 0.4790 1.5968. 105
-
110.
- - -. 334.79 ___ ,_
- - - - -- 0.01782 -·
·- 1- ---
4.0306
- .- -
305.B
------·-" -
118$.9
----·-14' - -
0.4834
- - - -
.,...-
1.5950
·- -·~---~
- j 1.9
115. 338.08 0.01785 3.8813 309.3 11a9.6 0.4877. 1 .5913 115
120. 341.27 0.01789 .. 3.7275 312.6. 1190.4 0.4919 ·1.5879 120
125. 344.35 0.01792 3.5857 315.8 1191!. 1 0.4959 1.5845 125
130. 347.33 0.01796 3.4544 319.0 119(7 0.4998 1.5813 130
135. 350.23 Q.01799 . 3.3325 322.0 119~.4. 0.5035 1.5782. 135
140. 353.04 0.01803 . 3.2010 325.0 11ea.o 0.5071 1.5752 140
145. 355.77 0.01806 3.1130 327.B 119~.5 0.5107 1.5723 145
150. 358.43 0.01809 3.0139 . 330.6. 1194.1 0.5141 1.5695 150
160. 363.55 0.01815 2.8386 336.1 1195.1. 0.5206 1.5641 .160
170. 368.42 0.01821 2.6738 341.2 119d.o
i
0.5269 1.5591 170
I
I
.180. 373.08 0.01827 2.5312 346.2 11~.9 0.5328 1.5543 160 !
190. 377.53 0.01833 2.4030 350.9 0.5384 1.5498 190
200.
210.
220.
381 .80
385.91
389.68
0.01839
D.01844
0.01650
2.2873
2.18217
2.08629
355.5
359.9
364.2
"H6
, 19 .3
119 .0
11 .6
0.5438
0.5490
0.5540
1.5454 .
1.5413
1.5374
200
210
220
·'
230. . 393.70 0.01855 1.99846 . 368.3 120Q.1 0.5588 1.5336 230
240. 397.39 0.01860 i.91769 372.3 1200.6 ·0.5634 1.5299 240
250. 400.97 O.D1865 1.84317 376.1 1201.1 0.5679 1.5264 250
260. 404.44 0.01870. 1.77418 379.9 1201.s 0.5722 1.5230 260
270. 407.80 0.01875 1.71013 383.6 1201.s 0.5764 1..5197 270
Tables on pages 5-19 to 5-20 reproduced by permission frorrl ASME Steam Tables' 1967 by The
American Society of Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved.

5-19
 Il 1ngersoH·Dresse1' Pumps Ca~e~on Hvdraulic Data · .·
'·
·~.
..•·-:·
···Properties of Saturated Steam-Pr~~ssure Table (cont.)·.
".,·

·'-""'
.._
Specd1c volume
lt'ilbm
Enthalpy
· btu;lbm
· Entropy
·· Dtu:lbm • F .••••
fi·
Abs
press Temp. Water· Steam ·Water Steam
. Water
Abs
fe
<
Steam press
lb11n~ 'F v, h,
··"'.:.. .. h. s, s. lb·m:·

•
280 411.07 0.01880 ' 1.65049 387.1 1202.3 0.5805 1:5166 280
290 414.25 0.01885 1.59482 390.6 1202.6 '0:5844 1.5135 290
300 417.35 0.01869 .1.54274 394.0 1202.9 0.5882 , .5105 300
310 420.36 0.01894. 1.49390. 397.3 1203.2 0.5920 1.5076 310

~-
320 423.31 O.D1899. 1.44801 400.5 ' 1203.4 0.5956 1.5046 320
330 426.18 0.01903' 1.40480' 403.7 1203.6 . 0.5991 , .5021, 330

._.
340 428.99 0.01908 .1.36405 406.8 1203.8 0.6026 1.4994 340
350 431.73' 0.01912 l.32554 409.B 1204.0. ' ', 0.6059 1.4968 . 350
360 434.41 0.01917 1.28910 412.8 1204.1 0.6092' , .4943 360
360 439.61 0.01925 1.22177 " 418.6 1204.4 0.6156 1.4894 380 ',
Jt..
....2·.
400 444.60 0.01934 t:16095 424.2 i204.6 , • 0.6211 •' 1.4847 400
450 456.28 0.01954 1.03179 437.3 . 1204.8 .•. 0.6360 1.4738 450,.
. 500 467.01 0.01975 0.92762 449.5 1204.7 ,. 0.6490 i.4639 500
550 476.94 0.01994 0.84177 . . ~460.9 ' 1204.3' 0 ..6611 1'4547 550
600 486.20 0.02013 0.76975 ·• 47.1.7 1203.7 Q.6723 1.4461' 600·
. 650 494.89 0.02032 0.70843 .. 481.9 1202.0 '0.6828 1.4381
..
650 ·. ···1··..._\
700 50.3.08 0.02050•' ·. 0.65556 ·. 491.6 '' 1201.8 ·. 0.6928 1.4304 700.· '

756 . 510.84 0:02069 : 0.60949 "• 500.'9 ;..1200.7 '• 0;7022 1.4232
800 518.21 '0.02087 750 ,·
0.56896 509.8 1199.4 ·.· 0.7111, 1.4163 ,' 800 ·.. · ·. ':
850 .·: 525.24 0.02105 .· .0.53302 • ..
518.4 ' 1198.0· ..· il7197 .1:4096 850 '.·.- .
. ~ .
900.
950
531.95
538.39
0.02123
0.02141
"
0.50091
·o.47205
526.7" .·l 196.4 '' . 0.7279 . ' 1.4032 .900
·. c··;
._ ..,

....
534.7 .. 1194.7 0.7358 1.3970 '950
1000 544.58 0.02159 0.44596 ' 542.6 .·. ,' 1192.9 0.7434 1.3910
1100 1000 .·
556.28 0.02695 •. 0.40058 ' ,· .557.5 ', 1189.1,. 0.7578 1.3794 1100 ',
1200 567.19 0.02232 0.36245 571.9 1184:8 ' 0.7714' '1:3683 1200 'P"
.1300 577.42 ' 0.02269 0.32991 ' 565.6 ·, 1180.2. 0.7843 ' 1.3577 1300 -,
1400
··1···.
'
587.07 0.02307 .· 0.30178 598.8.' " 1.175 3 •,, 0.7966 1.3474 1400
1500 596.20 0.02346 ' < 0.. 21119. ,. .611:? 1170.1 '0.8085
''

' l.3373 '

1600 1500
604.87 0.02387 0.25545 '624.2 1164.5 0.8199 1~3274 1600 ·.·
1700 613.13 Q.02428 0.23607 .·. 636.5 ·.· .115Jl,6 0~8309 1.3176
''
HOO ..
" "· -··.
1800 621.02 0.024.72 0.21861 ,,. ... 6.48.S •' .1152.3 ''·
... .OJ~.417 1.3079 1800,
1900 628.56 0.02517 .· 0.20278 660.4 1145.6 .0.8522 ·1.2961 .1900,.
2000
2100
635.80
642.76
0.02565
0.02615
. 0.18831
., 0.17501
672.1
683.8
... 1138.3
1130.5
0.8625
0.8727
, .2881
'1.2780
2000
2100 ·.
2200 649.45, 0.02669 0; 16272 . 595,5 ' I 1122;2 0:8826 . 1.2676 2200.
2300 655.89 0.02727 0.15133 ., 707 .. 2. .11.13.2 . o'.0929 -r·:
2400
1.2569 2300•·· "
66~:11 0.02790 0.14076·•·.·· 719.0 " " 1103.7 . 0.9031 1.246.0 ·~
..
2500 . 668.11 2400 ' '

0.02859 0.13068 ' 731.7. ·· .. ' 1093.3 '0.9139 1.2345. 2500'

2600 673.91 0.02938 0;12110 744.5 ..1082.0 ' · o.9247 J.2250' . 2600
2700. 679.53 0.03029 ' 0.11194 . 757.3 '
' 1069.7 0.9356 ·. 1.2097 .;
2700
'2800 684.96 0.03134 0;10305' .. 77.0.7 ,,1055.8. 0.9468. ·, 1.1958'
-
2800
·.,;

2900 . '690.22' 0.03264 ' ·•. 0.09420. ·. . 785.1. . 1039.8 ·o.9sss ..• 1.1803
... ;

3000 695.33 290Q

0.03428 0.08500 801.8 1020.3 0.9.728 '1.1619 .· 3000'
3100 700.28 0.03681 '0.07452' 824.0 ·993:3 0.9914 ..·· 1.1373 3100 ,·
3200 705.08 0.04472 0.05663' .875.S . 931.6 1.0351 ' :i.0832 3200.
3208.2 105.47 o.o::r:--a · 0.05078 906.0 906.0 ...... 1;os12 1.0612 3208.2
Tables on pages 5-19 to 5-20 reproduced by permission from .ASME Steam Tables' 1967 by The·.
American Society of Mechanical. Engineers .. All rights reserved ..

.~.

"i
•·..1 •' .:
... ~;,,..

rt
i
'iW''-
te• . 1, ..,
..
 ··Steam Data

Properties of Superheated
, . , I
team

Abs
press
i
I
lb· in' Temperature-• legrees Fahrenheit
{sat Sat Sat
temp·Fl water steam 300 400 500 600 100 ~o 900

1 Sh 19226 298.26 398.26 4 •8.26 598.26 698.26 798.26

(101.74) v 0.01614 333.6 452.3 511.9 571.5 1>31.1 690.7 750.3 809.8
r. 69.73 1105.8 1195.7 1241.8 1288.6 1 )36.1 1384.5 1433.7 1483.8
s 0.1326 1.9781 2.1152 2.1722 2.2237. 2)2708 2.3144 2.3551 2.3934
'
5 sh 137.76 237.76 337.76 4~7.36 537.76 637.76 737.76
(162.24) v 0.01641 73.53 90.24 102.24 114.21 1~6.15 138.06 150.01 161.94
h 130.20 1131.1 1194.8 1241.3 1288.:? 1~35.9 1384.3 1433:6 1483.7
s 0.2349 1.8443 1.9369 1:9943 2.0460 2f0932 2.1369 2.1776 2.2159

10 Sh 106.79 206.79 306:79 40s.79 506.79 606.79 706.79

(193.21) v 0.01659 38.42 44.98 51.03 57.04 63.03 69.00 .74.98 80.94
h 161.26 1143.3 1193.7 1240.6 1281.a 1aas.s. 1384.0 . 1433.4 1483.5
s 0.2836 1.7879 1.8593 1.9173 1.9692 2~0166 2.0603 2.1011 2.1394

14.696 88.00 188.00 288.00 ~8.00· s00~00

~2.86.
sh 488.00 688.00
(212.00) v 0.0167 26.799 30.52 33.963 38.77 46.93 51.00 55.06
h 180.17 1150.5 1192.6 1239.9 1287.4 1j335.2 1383.8 1433.2 1483.4
·s 0.3121 1.7568" 1.8158 1.8720 . .1.9265 1j.9739 2.0177 . . 2.0585 2.0969
I
20 Sh 72.04 172.04 272.04 ~72.04 472.04 .. 572.04 672.04
(227.96) · v 0.01683 20.087· 22.356 25.428 28:457 . ~1.466 . 34.465 37.458 40.447
h 196.27 1156.3 . 1191 4 1239.2 1286.9 . 1[334.9 1383.5 1432.9 1483.2
s 0.3358 1.7320 1.7805 1.8397 .· 1.8921 1j.9397 1.9836 2.0244 Z.0628

40 Sh 32.75 132.75 232.75 ~32.7s 432.75 532.75 632.75

(267.25) v 0.01715 . 10.497 11.036 . 12.624 14:165 . lS.685 17.195 18.699 20.199
h 236.14 1169.8 1186.6 1236.4 · 12e5.o ~333.6 1382.5 .1432.1 1482.5

r··
s 0.3921 1.6765 1 6992 1.7608 1.8143 1.8624 1.9065 1.9476 1.9860
60 Sh I .. 7.29 107.29 207.29 407.29 507.29 607.29
(292.71) v 0.1738 7.174 7.257 8.354 9.400 0.425 11.438 12.446 13.450
h 262.21 1177.6 1181.6 1233.5 1283.2 332.3 1381.5 1431.3 1481.8
s 0.4273 1.6440 1.6492 1.7134 1.7681 1.8168 1.8612 1.9024 1.9410
I
.80 sh . 87.96 187.96 287.96 387.96 . 487.96 587.96
(312.04) v . 0.01757 5.471 6.218 7.018 [7.794 8.560 9.319 10.075
h 282.15 1183.1. 1230.5 1281.3 '330.9 1380.5 1430.5 1481.1
s 0.4534 1,6208 ·1.6790 1.7349 n.7842 1.8289 1.8702 1.9089

100 sh 72.18 172.18 272.18 372.18 472.18 572.18

(327.82) v -0.01774 4.431 4.935 5.588 6.216 6.833 7.443 8.050
h 298.54 , 187.2 . . 1227.4 · 1279.3 . ~329.6 1379.5 1429.7 1480.4
s . 0.4743 1.6021 1.6516 1.7088 i .7586 1.8036. .1.8451 1.8839
120
(341.27)
Sh
v 0.01789 3.7275
58.73
4.0786
. 158.73
4.6341
'
[258.73
[5.1637
358.73 . 458.73
5.6813 . 6.1928
558.73
6.7006
t1 312.58 , 190.4 1224.1 1277.4 11328.2 .1378.4 1428.8 1479.8
s 0.41:119 1.5879 1.6286 1.e812 1.7376 1.7829 1.8246 1.8635
140 sh . 46.96 .146.96 /246.96 346.96 446.96 546.96
1353.04) v 0.01803 3.2190 3.4661 3.9526 !4.. 4119 4.8588. 5.2995 5.7364
ti 324.96 1193.0 1220.8 1275.3 11326.8 1377.4 1428.0 1479.1
s 0.5071 1.5752. 1.6085 1.6686 1.7196 1.7652 1.8071 . 1.8461

160 sh 36.45. 136.45 236.45. 336.45 436.45 536.45

{363.55) v 0.01815 2 8336 3.0060. 3.4413 3.8480 4.2420 4.6295 5.0132
h 336.07 1, 95.1 1217.4 1273.3 1325.4 . 1376.4 1427.2 . 1478.4
s 0.5206 1.5641 1.5906 1.6522 . 1.7039 1.7499 1.7919 1.8383
'
Tables on pages 5-21 to 5-24 reproduced from ASME Steam Tabl~s' 1967 by .The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All r1g11ts reserved. ' · 1
I
•sh = superheat; v = specific volume in ft3/lb; h total heat in Btu/lbi s ::::: entropy in BturF/lb.
!. '

5-21
 . . .

·1·~ lngersollsDresser Pumps . c"arneron Hvdraulic Data . .;

.Prop·erties ·of Superheated Steam '(cont.)

Abs
press
lbllni Temperature-degrees Fahrenheit
(sat Sat Sat
temp-F) water steam .600 700 800 900 . 1000. ..1200 1400.

180 sh 226.92 326.92 .. 426.92. 526.92 626.92 826.92 1026.92

(373.081 p O.Q18'27 2.5312 3'4093 3.7621 4.fo84 4.4508 4.7907 5.4697· 6.1363
h 346.19 1196.9 1324.0 1375.3 · 1426.3. 14n.1 1529.7 1635.9 1745.3
s 0.5328 1.5543 1.6900 . 1.7362. 1.7784 1.8176 1.8545 1.9227 1.9849
'•

200 sh 218.20 318.20 418.20 _518.20 ··.. 618~20 818.20. 1018.20

{381.80) II 0.01839 . 2.2873 .3.0583. ·. 3.3783...· . 3,6915 .• • 4.0008. . 4.son 4.9165 . •. ·5:5209
h 355.51 1198.3 1322.6 1374.3. 1425.5 1477.0 . 1529. l 1635.4 1745.0 .·
s 0.5438 1.5454 t.6n3 1.7293 .·.• 1.7663 . .1.8057. .1..8426 1.sws ·1.9732
'
220 sh 210.12 310.12 410.12 510.12 . 610.12 810.12 1010.12
(389.88) ·v 0.01850 2.0863 2.7710 . 3.0642 . .• •3.3504 . 1.6327 3.9125 4.4671' . 5.0173
h'·· 364.17 1199.6 .1321.2 . 1373.2 1427.7 f476;3. 1528.5 1635.0 . .1744.7
s o_.5540 1.5374 . ··1.6658 .. 1.7128 1.7553 1.7948 1.8318 1.9002 1.9625
·. :
240 sh ·. 202.61 302.61 402.61. ·, •. 502.61 602.61 . 002.61. 1002.61
(397.39) v 0.01860 .1.9177 . 2.5316 ..· 2.8024 3.0661 . 3.3259 ·.· 3.5831 . 4.0926. •.· 4~5977
h 372.27 1200.6. 1319.7 . . 1372.1 . 1423.8. 1475.6 . 1527.9 . . 1634.6 . 1744.3 •'
s. '. 0.5634 1.5299 • 1.6552 1.7025 .1.7452 . -1~7848 . 1.8219 : 1.8904. . 1.9528

260. sh J95.56 ·295.56 . 395.56.·.· 495.56 595.59 ., 795.56 .955.$6

. (404.44) .v. 0.01870 . 1.7742 2.3289' ·. 2.5808 ·.2.8256 ·. 3.0663 .3.3044 3.7758 . 4.2427
h 379.90 . 1201:5 1318.2 .. 1371.1 1423.0 .··· 1474.9 1527.3 1634.2 . 1744;0 .
s .o:s122 1.5230 L6453. .. 1.6930 . .• 1..7359. 1.7756 .1.81~8> .· 1.8814 .···.1.9439
:
..... .. 188.93. . 288.93 388.93 •488;93. : 588.93 ~·788.93 •. 988.93
280 sh
(411.07) v O.OiBBO··· 1.6505 . : 2.1551 2.3909 ; 2.6194 .2.8437 3.0655 3.5042 . 3.9384
h . 387.12. 1202.3 1316.8 . 1370.9 1422.1 .•. . 1474.2 .•· 1526.B · 1633~8 1743.7
s 0.5805 1.5166 .· 1.6361 1.6841 1:1213. .1.7671 1.8043 . ·• 1.8730. .1.9356

300 sh·•. 182.65 282.65 :. . 382.65 482.65 582.65 782.65 .'982:65

. (417.35) ·y .0.01869 1.5427. . 2.0044 2.2263·.·. ·.2.4407. 2.6509 . •, 2~6585 . . 3.2688 . 3.6746 ..
h 393.99 1202c9 ·. 1315.2. 1368.9' 1421.3 1_473.6 ·. 1526.2 1633.3' 1743.4.
s 0.5882. 1.5105 1.6274 1.6758 . 1.7192 1.7591 1.7964 J.86'52 . 1.9278

350 sh 168.27 268.27 368.27. 4~8.27 . 568.27 ., 768.27 968.27.

(431.73) \/ 0.01922 1.3255 · 1.7028. ·. 1.8970 2.0832' 2.2652 '2.4445 . 2.7980 .· 3.1471.
. 409.83 . 1204.0. 1311.4 1366,2 . 1419.2 1471.8 . 1524.7 1632.3 1742.~ .·
h
s 0.6059 1.4968 . 1.6077 1;6571. 1.7009 •·I• 1~7411 . 1.n01·. .1.8477 .·. 1.9195
' ..
400 sh. 1.55.40 255.40:· 355.40 . 455.40 555.40 755.40 .• 955.40
(444.60) v.· 0.01934 1.1610 1.4763 l.64.90. ... 1.8151 1.9759. 2.1339 2.4450 ..
2.~51.5
h. 424.17 1204.6 1307.4. 1363.4 1.417.0 ... 1470.1 •.1523.9 1631.2 1741.9
S· 0.6211' ·. 1.4847 ·1~5901 1.6406. · 1.saso · 1.7255 . 1.7632 •-· i.8325 . 1.8955

500 sh .· 132.99 . 232.99 ' 332.99. 432.99. . 532,99 '732.99 932.99

(467.01) v . ·. 0.01975 0.9276. 1.1584 .• 1.3037 . .. 104397• .1.5708 1.6992·· L9507 2.1977
h. 449.52 1204.7 1299.1. 1357.7.. 1412.7 1466.6 1520.3. 1629.1 1740.0
s J).6490 1.4639 ·. 1.5595 1.6123 ·.L6578 1.6990 . 1.7371 1.8069 1.8657

600 sh . 113.80• 213.80 . • 313.80 · 413.80 .51.3.80 713.BO 913.80

(486.20)0 v 0.02013 . 0.7697 0.9456 1:0726 .. 1.1892 1.3008·· l.4093 6.6261 1.8284
h ·. 471.70 1203.7. ·1290.3 . 1351.8. .14()8.3 1463;0 .. 1517.4 1627.0 1738.8
. 1.5884' 1.6351' 1.6769. 1.7155 1.7859 1.8494
s 0.6723 1.4461 1.5329

700 sh .. 96.92. 196.92 . 2s6.s2 . 395:92 . 496.92 696.92 896.92

(503.08) ·v 0.02050 0.6556 0.7928 0.5072 1.0102 1.1078. 1.2023' 1.3858 1.5647
.h 491.61 1201.8 1281.0. 1345.6 1403)' ·1459.4 1514.4 1624.8 1737.2
s· . 0.6928 1.4304 . 1.5090 1.5673. 1 .6.154 1,6580 1.6970 1.7679 1.8318
. . . .
lables on pages 5-21 to 5-24 reproduced from ASMESteam Tables " 1967 by The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights reserved. . .. . . . ··· · . . .. .
•sh ...,,; superheat; v = specific volume in ft3/lb; h = total heat in Btu/lb; s = entropy in BturF/lb.

I 5-22
.\. I
...
:·
'····
Properties of Superheate~ St1am (cont.)·
Steam Data

Abs
press
i
lbiin1
(sat Sat Sat
I Temperature -degrees Fahrenheit

temp· Fl water steam I 700 800 900 1000 1200 1400 1500

800 sh 181.79 281.79 381.79 481.79 681.79 881.79 981.79

(518.21) v 0.02087 0.5690 0.7828 0.8759 0.9631 1.0470 1.2093 1.3669 1.4446
h 509.81 1199.4 1339.3 1399.1 1455.8 1511.4 1622.7 1735.7 1792.9
s 0.7111 1.4163 1.5484 1.5980 1.6413 1.6807 1.7522 1.8164 1.8464

900 Sh 168.05 268.05 368.05 468.05 668.05 868.05 968.05

(531.95) v 0.02123 0.5009 0.6858 o.n1s 0.8504 0.9262 1.0720 1.2131 1.2825
h 526.70 1196.4 1332.7 1394.4. 1452.2 1508.5 1620.6 1734.1 1791.6
s 0.7279 1.4032 1.5311 1.5822 1.6263 1.6662 1.7382 1.8028 1.8329

1000 sh 155.42 . 255.42 355.42 455.42 655.42 855.42 ·955.42

(544.58) v 0.02159 0.4460 0.6080 0.6875 0;7603 0.8295 0.9622 1.0901 1.1529
h 542.55 1192.9 1325.9 1389.6 1448.5 11505.4 1618.4 1732.5 1790.3
s 0.7434 1.3910 1.5149 1.5677 1:s126 1.6530 1.7256 1.7905 1.8207

1200 sh 132.81 232.81 .. 332.81 432.81 632.81 832.81 .. 932.81

(567.19) v 0.02232 0.3624 0.4905 0.5615 0.6250 0.6845 0.7974 0.9055 0.9584
h 571.85 1184.8 1311.5 1379.7 1440.9 1499:4 1614.2 1729.4 1787.6
s 0.7714 1.3683 1.4851 1.5415 . 1;5883 1;s298 1.7035 1.7691 . 1.7996

1400 sh 112.93 212.93 312.93 412.93 612.93 812.93 912.93

(587.07) v 0.02307 0.3018 0.4059 0.4712 . 0.5282 0.5809 0.6798 0.7737 0.8195
h 598.83 1175.3 1296.1 1369.3 1433.2 1493.2 1609;9 1726.3 1785.0

•
s 0.7966 1.3474 1.4575. 1.5182 1.5670 1.6096. 1.6845 1.7508 1.7815

1600 Sh 95.13. 195.13 295.13 395.13 595.13 .795.13 895.13

(604.87) v 0.02387 . 0.2555 0.3415 0.4032 0.4555 0.5031 0.5915 0.6748 . 0.7153
h 624.20 1164.5 1279.4 1358.5 1425.2 1486.9 1605.6 1723.2 1782.3
s 0.8199 1.3274 1.4312 1:4968 1.5478 ' 1.5916 1.6678 1.7347 1.7657
..
1800 sh 78.98 178.98 278.98 t 378.98 578.98 778.98 878.93
(621.02) v· 0.02472 0.2186 0.2906 0.3500 0.3988 ,..0.4426 0.5229 0.5980 0.6343
h 648.49 1152.3 1261.1 1347.2 1417.1 1480.6 1601.2 1720.1 1779.7
s . 0.8417 1.3079 1.4054 1.4768 1.5302 I 1;5753 1.6528 . .1.7204 1.7516

2000 sh 64.20 164.20 264.20 364.20 564.20 764.20 . 864.20

(642.76) v 0.02565 0.1883 0.2488 ·0.3072 0.3534 . 0.3942 0.4680 0.5365 0.5695·
h 672.11 1138.3 12.40.9 1335.4 1408.7 1474.1 . 1596.9 1717.0 1771.1
s 0.8625. 1.2881.. 1.3794 1.4578 1.5138 1.5603 1.6391 . 1.7075 1.7389
2500· .sh 31.89 131.89 231.89 331.89. 531.89 731.89 831.89
(668.11) ·V 0.02859 0.1307 0.1661 0.2293 0.2712 0.3068 0.3692 0.4259 ; .• 0.4529
h· 731.71 1093.3 1176.7 1303.4 1386.7 1457.5 1585.9 1709.2 1770.4
s 0.9139 1.2345 1.3076 1.4129 1.4766 1.5269 1.6094 1.6796 1.7116 I .
. I

. 3000 sh .4.67 104.67 204.67 304.67. 504.67 704.67 804.67 i

(695.31) v . 0.03428 0.0850 0.0982 0.1759 0.2161. ·0.2484 0.3033 0.3522 0.3753
h 801.84 1020.3 1060.5 . 1267.0 .1363.2 1440.2 1574.B 1701.4 1763.8
s 0.9728 1.1619 1.1966 : 1.3692 1.4429 1.4976 1.5841 1.6561 1.6888

3500 v 0.1364 0.1764 ' 0.2066 0.2563 0.2995 0.3198

n 1224.6 1338.2 . 1422.2 1563.6 1693.6 1757.2
s 1.3242 1.4112 1.4709 1.5618 1.6358 1.6691

4000 v 0.1052 0.1463 0.1752 0.2210 0.2601 0.2783

h 1174.3 . 1311.6 1403.6 1552.2 1685.7 . 1750.6
s 1.2754 1.3807 1.4461 1.5417 1.6177 1.6516

Tables on pages 5-21 to 5-24 reproduced from ASME Steam Tables1t. 1967 by The American Society of
Mechanical Engineers. All rights Reserved. . i . · . -
"sh == superheat; v = specific volume tn ffl/lb; h = total heat in Btul,lb; s = entropy in Btu/"F/lb.
I

5-23
I' lngel'soll·Dressel'Pumps.· CamefonHydraulicData
·-Properties of Superheated Steam ·(cont.)·.·.

Abs
press
1o·in~ Temperature-degrees Fahrenheit.·
1sat
temp-FJ 750 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 .·
5000 v 0.0338 0.0591 . 0.1038 0.1312 0 .. 1529 ··0.1718 0.1890. ·.. 0.2050 0.2203
h 854.9 1042.9 1252.9 1364.6 1452.1. 1529.1 . 1600.9 1670~0 1737 .!
s 1.0070 1. i 593 1.3207 1.4001 1.4582 1.5061 1.5481 1.5863 1.6216

6000 v 0.0298 0.0397 0.0757 . 0'.1020 0.1221 0.1391. 0:1544 . 0.1684 0.1817
h I 822:9 945.1 1188.8 1.·. 1323.6 1422.3 1505.9 1582.0 1654.2 1724.2
s . 0.9758 1.0746 .. 1.2615 1 .3574 1.4229 , .4748 . 1.5.194 ·. l.5593 .. ·. 1.5960
. .
7000 v 0.0279 0.0334·· . 0.0573 ·0.0816 0.1004 ·. o:n.60 0.1298 0~1424 . .0.1542
h 806.9 901.8· 1124~9 1281.7 .. 1392.2 1482.6 ·. 1563.1 . 1638:6 . . 1711.i
s 0.9582 1.0350 i.2005. 1.3171 . 1.3904. '1.4466 1.4938 1.5355 1.5735
..
8000 v 0.0267 0.0306 .••. 0.0465 ·. 0.067t 0.0845 0.0989 0.1115 0.1230 0.1338
h 796.5 .. 879.1 ·. 1074,3 .. 1241.0 . 1362.2 . 1459.6 1544.5 1623: 1 1698.f
s 0.9455 1.0122. 1.1613 . .1 .2798. 1.3603 1.4208 1.4705 . 1.5140 1.5533
.. ..
9000 v 0.0258 0.0288 0.0402. 0.0568 OJJ724 0.0850 ·. 0.0975. 0.1081. 0.1179
h" 789.3 864.7- . 1037.6 ... 1204.1 .· 1333:0 . 1437.1 .1526.3 1607.9 1685.3.
s 0.9354. . 0.9964 1.1285 .· · 1.2468 . · 1.3323 .· 1~3970. 1.4492 1.4944 -1,5349·.·.
.. ·•
10.000 v 0.0251 0.0276 ' 0.0362 0:0495 .· 0.0633 . 0:0757 0.0865 . 0.0963 .. •. o: 1054
h 783.8 . 854.5 1011.3 1172.6 . 1305.3. 1415.3 1508.6 ..1593.1··... 1672.8
s· 0.9270 . 0.9842 1,.1039" 1 .2185 1~3065". 1.3749 1.4295 1.4763 1.5180.

11.000 v 0.0245 0.0267 0.0335 0.0443 .. 0~0562' 0.0676 0.0776 0.0868 0.0952
h . . 799.5 846.9 . 992.1 1146.3 •.. 1280.2 . 1394.4 . 1491.5 .. 1578:7 . . 1660.6.
s o.9196 0.9742 1.0851 1.1945 1.2833 1,g544 1.4112 1.4595 .. 1.5023.
.

12.000 v 0.0241 " 0.02.60 0:0317 0.0405. 0.0508 0.0610 0.0704 0.0790 ,· 0.0869·'
h 776.1 841.0 977.8 1124.5 1258.0·. 1374.7 1475.1 1564.9. 1648.8.
s 0.9131 . 0.9657 .. U)101 1.1742·' 1.2627 1:3353. 1.3941 1.4438 -·1.40n·

13.000 v 0.0236 0.0253.·. 0.0302 . 0.0376 .. 0.0466 0.0558 0.0645. ·. 0.0_725 0.0799
ti 773.5 836.3 ·.. : 966.8 ' 1105:1 1238.5 1356.5 1459.4. 1551.6 16~7.4
s . . _0.9073 0.9582 1.0578 1.1571 1.2445 . 1.3179 .•. 1.3781 1.4291 .· 1.4741
..

14.000 ' . v Q.0233. 0.0248 0.0291 . 0.0354 0.0432 0.0515_·. 0~0595 . 0.0670 0.0740
h .·. 771.3 832.6 . 958.0 1092.3 1221.4 1340:2 ·.. 1444.4 ·. . 1538.8 .. 1626.5
s 0.9019 0.9515 ' 1.0473. 1.1426 1.2282 1.3021 . 1.3641 ·. .·1.4153 1.4612
..
15.000 v 0.0230· 0.0244 ' 0,0282 .. 0.0337. o.0405· 0.0479. 0.0552 . 0.0624 0.0690
h . 769.6. 829.5 .9_50.9 1000:6 -1206;8 1326.0 1430.3 1526.4 1615.9
s 0.8970 0.9455 1.0382 1.1302 . 1.2139 .· 1.2880 . 1.3491. 1:40:22 . •.. 1.4491
.
Tables on pages 5-21 to 5-24 reproduced from ASME. Steani Tables~ 1967. by The American Society.of.
· Mechanical Engineers, All rights reserved. •·· · ·.· ·· · · . · .. ·. . . . · · · .. ·· ·. ·
"sh = superheat; v ~ specific volume in ft3/lb; h = total heat in Btu/lb; s = entropy in BtufF/lb...

•.

...
.:-=$-
'"

J··~1-·
~-.
;!/ ..
-if~
~·
''."!>'.

5-24
 · 1. Steam Data
Theoretical Steam Rates, Condensing for Engines and Turbines
· · lb per hp-hr
. I
Exhaust pressure- in Hg abs

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0
Initial
temp 150 lb gage 175 lb gage
Of 365.8°F saturated steam . 377.4°F saturated steam
365.8 8.35 8.13 7.85 7.53 7.14
sn.4 8.11 7.89 7.64 7.34 6.97
400 8.17 7.95 7.67 7.36 6.99 '8.00 7.78 7.52 7.23 6.87
450 7.92 7.70 7.44 7.15 6.78 7.74 7.53 7.29 7.01 6.66
500 7.67 7.45 7.22 6.93 6.68 7.50 7.30 7.07 6.80 6.46
550 7.42 7 .22 ' 6.98 6.72 6.38 . 7.25 7.07 6.84 6.59 6.27
600 7.18 6.98 6.76 6.51 6.18 7.02 6.84.· 6.63 6.39 6.08'
650 ' 6.95 6.76 6.55 6.31 6.00 . 6.79. 6.62 6.43 6.19 5.90
700 6.72 6.53 ' 6.34 6.11 5.82 ' 6.58 6.41 6.23 . 6.00 5.72
200 lb gage I 250 lb gage
387.8°F saturated steam I 406°F saturated steam

387,8 7.92 7.71 7.46 7;19 6.84

406.0 7 .62 7.43 7 .20 6.95 ' 6.62
450 7.61 7.41 7.17 6.90 6.57 7.39 7.20 ' 6.99 6.74 6.43
500 7.35 7 .16 6.95 6.68 6.37 7.15 6.97 6.76 6.52 6.22
550 7.12 6.94 6.73 6.48 6.18 6.92 6.75 6.55 6.32 6.04
600 6.90 6.72 6.52 6.29 5.99 6.69 6.53 6.35 6.13 5.85
650 6.67 6.51 6.32 6.10 .5.81 6.49 6.33 6.15 5.94 5.68
700 6.46 6.30 6.12 5.91 5.64 6.28 ·1 6.13 5.96 5.76 5.51
750 6.25 6.10 5.93 5.73 5.47 6.08 5.94 5.77 5.58 S;34
300 lb gage · 1· 400 lb gage
421.7°F saturated steam . 448.1°F saturated steam.

421.7 7.39 7.21 7.01 '6.76 6.47

448.1 .. •'•'' 7 .07 6.91 6.72 6.50 6.23
450 7.23 7.06 6.86 6.62 6.33
500 6.99 6.83 6.63 6.40 6.12 6.78 J 6.63 6.46 6.25 5.98
'550 6.76 6.61 6.42 6.20 5.93' 6'.63f 6.40 6.23 6.04 5.79
,. 600 6.55 6.40 6.21 ··. 6.01 5.75 6.341 6.19 6.03 5.84 5.60
650 6.33 6.20 .6.02 5.82' 5.58 p.13 5.99 5.84' ,· 5.66 5.43
700 6.14 5.99 5.84 5.65 5.41 ·5.94 5.81 5.67 5.49 5.26
750 5.94 5.81' s~6s 5.48 5.25 5.75 '5.63 5.49 5.32 5.11
800 5.76 '5.63 5.49 .5.31 5.09 '5.57 ·5.45 ·5.32 5.16 '4.96
850 5.57 5.45 5.32 5.15 . 4.94 5.40 5.28 5.16 5.01 4.82
600,lb gage I 800 lb gage .
488.8°F saturated steam j 520.3°F saturated steam

600 6.10 5.98 5.83 5.66 5.45

650 5.90 5.78 5.64 5.47 5.27 .5.78 5.67 5.54 5.38 5.19
700 5.70 5.59 5.46 5.30 5.10 5.58 5.47 5.35 5.20 5.01
750 5.52 5.41 5.29 5.14 4.94. 5.39 5.28 5.17 5.03 4.85
800 '5.35 5.24 5.12 4.98 4.80 . 5.21 5.12 5.01 4.87 4.70
850 5.18 5.08 4.97 4.83 4.65 5.051 .4.96 '4.85 4.73 4.57
900 5.02 4.93 4.62 . 4.69 4.52 4.89j 4.80 4.70 4.58 4.43
950 4.86 4.78 4.67 4.55 4.39 4.74[ 4.66 4.57 4.45 4.30
1000 4.71 4.63 4.53 4.42 4.27 4.60j 4.53 4.43 4.32 4.18

'5-25'
 : . . . . . . ·. ' . : ,' .

.•I ) lngersolM>ress~r Pumps ·. · Cam~ronHydraulic Data.

Theoretical Steam . Rates;. Cond.ensfng fC>r'Erigines.and Turbines····.···· .
. . . . .

·.·. lb per hp~hr .· . ·

. ·.Exhaust pressure-· in Hg abs.

3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 .. ~.o 2.5 2.0 1.5 ' 1.0
Initial
temp · · 1000 lb gage 1200 lb gage
OF 546.4°F saturated 'steam 568~8°F saturat-ed -:steam

700
750
5.51 .5A1 '5.28
·5.31 ··s.21
5.15 ·4.97
5.10. -4.97 4.80'
. . . . . ..... . ....
5;27 5.17• 5.07. .··4.94 4~77
.. •· ..
800 5.14 5.04'. 4.93 4:81 '4.65. 5.08 ' '4.99 4.89 4;77 •4.:62
850 4.97' 4.88' 4.78 4,65 4.50 4.91 ·4.83 4.73 .· 4.61' ,. 5.46
900. 4.81 '4.73 4;63' . 4.52 ·. 4.37 ·.4.76·. . 4.67 •4.58 4.47. ·.4.33
950 4.67. 4;59 '·4.49. 4.38 ·4~24 .· 4.61 .·. 4.53 4.44 4.33 . 4.20
1000 4.52' 4A5. 4.36'· .4.26' 4;12 .·.s.47 .
4.39' 4.31 4.21·.·· ,
4.08

. . ··.- ..

. ..· theoretical $t~ani Rates, Non-Condensing •..

.. . · lb per hp-lu •
;··.
*... ·,
- -

·. 100 lb gage, 337.9°F satu~at~d ste~rri ··.

.. • •
Initial temperature, °F . ·.·. ·.·
: • • • • : • • '·. -. > 'i .~- .

........!._.-.·_as_o--'-'_4_o_o_·.___·.·_4_so_.....I·_.·.·s_o_o_
· .rs_
Exhaust ....·_3_37.... .•.·.....1....,.s_s_o....,..1......·•.6o_o
__ __-. ·....
• _s__s_o_,,_J. _1__00_...._·.1__s_o
press Initial superheat 0 f ·. •
lb/sq in .·.· ·· · · ·.• · , ·· · · · · · ·· • .
gage o 12.1 62.1 112 . .1e2 212 262 . 312 362 412
0 16.9 16.8 16.2 .·• 15.6 •15.0 14.3 · • .13.6 12.9. 12.3: 11.s
5 19.4 19 •.3 .18;6 17$. 17:0 16.2' 15.3' •. 14.6' 13.9 13~3
10 22.0 21.8 21.0 '20.1 19.t 18.1 '17.2 16.3 15.6 '14.9
15 24.7 . 24.5 23.6 22.4 21.2 20.2 ' 19.1 18.~. 17.3 16.6
20 27.7 27.4 26.3 25.L •· 23.7 .· 22.4 '23.2 . ' 20.2 19.3 18'4
25 s1 ~o 30.7 29.4 27.9 26.2 24.8 26.5 ·.. 22.5 21.4 20.5'
30 ''34.6 34.3 32.8 '30.9 • ·. 29.1 27.6' '21.2. 24:9 23.8 .22.7'
35 38.7 38.4 36.7 34.4 32A 30.6 29 . 1 27.8 26.5 .. 25.3
40 43.4 43.0 .. 41.1 '· '38.5 36.3 34.3 '32.6 31.1 · 29.6 28.2.
45 48.9· 48.5 46.2 . 43.2 . 40.6 38.5 .· .• 36.6 34.9 33.4 31.8
50 • . . . 52.3 '48.9 46.1 '43.5. 41.3 ··39.5 37.6 35.8
55 s2.s· ' 49.7 ' 47 .2 '45.0 '42.8 40.9
60 ..... ....
• . '.. 51.9 49.5 47.2

5-26
 ·.Steam Data
. ..

.. Theoreti~al Steam Rat7s, Non-pondensing

for Engines and Turbines-lb: per hp-hr
1
150 lb gage, 365.8°F saturated steam
i
Initial temperatur'; °F

365.8 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800
Exhaust
press Initial superheat F
lb/sq in 1
gage 0 . 34.2 84.2 134 184 2341 284 334 384 434
0 14.4 14.1 13.6 13.1 12.5 12.0 11.5 11;0 10.5 10.0
5 16.2 15.7 15.1 14.6 13.9 13.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 11.0
10 17.9 17.4 . 16.7. 16.0 15.3 '·14.6 13.8 13.2 12.6 12.1
15 19.6. 19.1 18.3 17.5 16.6 .15.8 15.0 .14.3 13.7 13.1
20 21.3 20.8 .19.9 19.0 18.0 17.1 16.2 15.5 14.8 . 14.1
25 23.2 22.6 21.6 20.5 19.4 18.4 17.5 16.7 15.9 15.3
30 25.0 24.4 23.3 22.1 20.9·. 19.2 18.8 . 18.0 17.2 16.4
35 27.1 26.4 .. 25.2 23.8 22.5 . 21.3 20.2 19.3 18.5 17.7
40 ·29.3 28.5 27.1 ·.25.6 . 24.2 . 23.0 ·21.8 20.8 19.9 19.0
45· .31.7 30.8 29.3 27.7 26.0 24.7 . 23.5. . 22.3 . 21.4 20.5
50 .34;3 33.3 31.6 29.7 28.0 ·26.5 ·. 25;2. 24.0 22.9 22.0
60 40.2 39.0 36.8 34.6 32.6 30.9 29.3 . 28.0 26.8. 25.6
70 47.3 45.8 43.2 40.5 38.2 .. 36.2 34.3 32.8 31.4 30.1
. 80 . . .. . .... 51.2 48.1 45.3· 42.9 .40.8 ··38.8. 37.2 35.6
90 .. .. .. . .. " ..... ..... • 11 51.7 49.2
I • 47.0 44.9 43.0
..
200 lb gage, 387.80 F saturatedisteam

Initial temperatur~. °F ·

Exhaust
387.8· 400 450· I 500 . 550 . 600 650 700 750 800
press · Initial
.
superheat~
.
°F
I .
lb/sq in
gage 0 12.2 62.2 ·.112 · 162. 2121'
i
262 312 262 . 412
0 13.1 13.0 12.5 12.0 . 11.5 11.11 . 10.6 10.2 9.7 9.3
5 14.4 14.3 13.7 13.2 12.7. 12.1 11.6 . 11.1 10.6 10.1
10 15.7 15.6 15.0 14.3 13.8 13.2i 12.5 12.0 11.4 10.9
15 17.0 16.9 16.2 15.5 . 14.9 14.11 13.5 . 12.8 12.2 · 11.7
I
20 18.3 . 18.1 . 17.4 16.6 15.9 15.t 14.4 13.7 13.1 12.5
25 19.6 .19.4 . 18.6 17.8 17.0 .· 16.11 15.3 14.6 .13.9 . 13.3
30 20.9 20.8 . 19.9 19.0 18.0 17.1 16.2 15.4 14.7 14.1
35 22.3 22.1 22.1 20.2 19.1 18.1i 17.2 . 16.3 15.6 15.0
40 23.8 ·. 23.6· 22.5 21.4· 20.3 19.2I 18.2 17.3 16.5 15.8
. 50 26.8 26.5 25.3 24.1 • 22.7 21.4 20.4 19.4 18.5 17.7
60 30.1 29.9 28.5 27.0 25.4 24.1f 22.8 21.7 20.7 · 19.8
70 . 34.0 33.8 32.0 30.2 28.4 26.9 25.5 . 24.3 23.2 22.2
80 38.3 38.0 36.1 33.9 31.9 30.2 28.6 27.3 26.0 24.9
90 43.5 43.1 40.9. 38.3 35.9 34.0' 32.3 30.7 29.3 . 28.1
100. 49.6 49.2 46.5 43.3 40.7 38.5 36.6 34.8 33.3 31.8
110 .... . .. . .... 49.4 46.5 44.1! 41.8 39.8 38.0 36.5

. 5-27
 ··I ~. lngersoll~°'resser Pumps• .·. C<lmeron Hydraulic Data ·.
,:.·g;·.
•<·
I

-· - · ---· · The·oretical Stea~ Rates, Non~Condensillg . ~ . ,.,,. ;

· · for Engines and Turbines· : . . . .

.· 250 lb gage, 406.0°F saturated steam . ·
.
··.~
. ' '
· .. ··~.
·Initial. temperature, OF,
···-:·
Exhaust
press
lb/sq in
406 450 ·soo•. 550 I· soo.·.. \
. Initial .superheat, °F ··
550·.• 1· 700

,, ·"
I 750· \ aoa I 850
••c:
I 294
-
''

gage 0 .44 94 144 194· " 244 344 394 444 ',

,.
''
0 12~ 1 11.7 '11.3 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2' 8.8 8.5
5
10
15
'.. 13.3 ···12.s
14.4
··15A. 14.9
12.3 ·. 11.8
13.9 ' 13;3
14.3
12.8
.13.7
'11.4·.·,
12.3
13.1
10.9,.,' '·10.4: •. 10.0.··
11.7, 11.2 .10.7 10.2 ,' 9.8
12.5 11.9 .11.4 10.9> 10A
9.6 9.2
·········~,
'
'' ' '' ' ·.· i ' '•' ' '
20 16.5
: ''
'15,9
" .·.·. ''

15:3' 14.6 13.9 -13:2 t2.6·., ·12.o 1L5 11.0 ,',,, 1·•
·.·.·.r~
25 17.• 5 16.9' 16.2 '' 15A• 14.7·' 14.0 ·. 13.3 12.T .12.1 11.6

-
"

30 18.5 17.9. ', 11:1 '.·16~3· '15.5 14.7 14.0 '13.4 12.B 12.2.
40 20.7 " 19~9' '
,,
19.0 18.1 17.2 '.16.3 ·, -15.5
,,
14.7 '14.1: 13.5
" '' "

" 50 22.9 22.1 21.0 ·.19.9·· 18.9 17.9 17.0· '16.2 15.s ,14.6 : '

,
',

so·
'
" '

" 10.·'
80
'25.3
27.9
30.7
24.4
26.8'
29.5. ·.27.9 '"
23:2
25.4
.21.9 ·.·20:7
24.0- ·.22.7
26.3' 24.8
"
J9$ 1a~s '1t.8• ,' 17,0., 16.3
21.5 20.4' '19.5 .18.6 17.8
23.6 . 22.:4 2L3 •-.20.4- J9.5
·" "
.: ·i
· ..

90 33.8 32:s· ,· 30~7 .• 28.8' 27.2. 25.8 · 24.5: ·23.3 . 22.3 21.4.
100 37.3 35.8 33.8 '31.7· '29.8' 28.3·· '26.9·. 25:6 -24.5 23.5 ~·
45.7 "
43.7. ·' 41.0 .38;5 36.3' 34~4 32.7 •31.2 29.8 28.6
. ItC:
'120.· "

· 300 lb gage,.42~.7°F saturatedsteam · ·.. ·. ·

. Exhaust.
421.7
i----__._...,.__...___
·•·•· lnitialtemperature •. ~F ·..· · .·
550
_........_
'600. 650.
_....___,_..._......-_,,_---,__.__ _..___......_--"-.
800 850 ..
·1 . •
;- ···. &..·
L .
c·
press
·lb/sq in
.gage
.... ·.. ·.Initial superheat,· 0 {

128 ' 178 •, ·...228

•..

' 278 ' 328. ~78 ' 4?8

t
~
·O 28.3 ',• 78.3
'
'0 '11.5 11.2 .... ,. 0.8 • '10.4 .·. .····g.s· .• 9.2· . '• 8.9' '' 8.5 ' '

·. c·
·10.0 ' 8.2 •
' 5 ' ' 12~5 12.2 ·. 11.7 ·t1.3 J0.8 '10.4 ,·,. 10.0 9.6 ' 9.1 ' ' 8.8 '' • ' ·.~
10 • .· 13.5 13.2 ' ' .12.6' 12.1 11.6 11.t. 10~6 ·10.2 ' .9.i ' 9.3
.15 ' 14.4 14.0 13'4 '12~9 12,3 1.1.8 •11.3 J0.8 ·10.3. ' ' .9,9 '
•',-.
"
:
20 15.3 14.9 14.3 13.7 '13.1 ,' 12.5' 11.9 . 1L3 10.8" 10.4
'30 ' 17.0 ' 16.5 ., 15.8 15.f 14.4·· .13.7 13.1 •. '12..i:::>, ' 11.9 11.4 ' ' ,·
40
50
60
18.7. ' 18;3

'22.4
17.4
20.5' 20~0' 19.1
21.8 20.7
16.6
18.1
19.1
15.8
17.3
18.7'
15.0 14.3 '13,6 '
16.3 15~5 14.8•
' ' '

17.7' · 16.8· .:
.
13.0
14.1
16;0' ', 15.3 14.6
12.4
13.5
l
t
' 80' '26.5 25.7 '245 23.1 21,8 20:6 : 19.6 ,· .' 18.7 17.9 ' '17.1
100 ' 31.2 ' 30.2 28.7' 27.0 25.4 24.1 22.8· 21.8 20.8 ' 19.9
120' 36.6 35.6 '33.5 31.5 '29;7 28.1 ,' 26.8' 25.5 24.4 ' ,· 23~3
140 ··43.5 42.2 39.7 37.1 33.t 31.4' 30.1 28.7 27.4 . ,·

't
'35.0
160 ' 52.3 50.4 '47.2 44.1 41.6 39.4 37.3 '• 35.6 34.2' 32.6.
180 ·, 50.5 47.7 45.3 43.1 41.3 39.6 '

I 5-28 ' '

..... •
-·----- ~~,
 Steam Data

Theoretical Steam Rates, NOn-CondeJ1 ng. (Continued)

· · for Engines and Turbin[s .· .
400 lb gage, 448.1°F saturated steam

Initial temperature, OF
448.1 500 550 600 650 700 ! 1so 800 850 900
Exhaust
press Initial superheat, "F
lb/sq in
gage 0 51.9 102 152 202 252 302 352 402 452
0 10.6 10.2 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.7 8.4 8.0 7.7 7.4
5 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.1 9.7 '9.3 8.9 8.6 8.2 7.9
10 12.2 11.7 11.2 . 10.8 10.3 9.9 .9;5 9.1 8.7 8.4
..20 13.7 13.0 12.5 11.9 11.4.. 10.9 .10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2
30 15.0 . 14.3 13.7 13.1 12.5 11.9 11.4 10.8 10.4 9.9
40 16.3 15.6 14.8 14.1 . 13.5 12.8 12.2 . 11.7 . 11.2 10.7
50 17.6 16.8 16.0 15.2 14.5 13.8 13.1 12.5 11.9 . 11.4
60 18.9. 18.0 17.2 16.3 15.5 1.4.7 14.0. 13.3 12.8 12.2
80 21.7 20.6 19.6 18.5 17.5 · 16.6 15.8 15.1 14.4 13.8
100 24.7 23.4 22.2 20.9 19.7. 18.7 17.8 ·11.0 16.2 15.6
120 27.9 26.5 25.0 23.5 22.2 21.0 .20.0 19.1 18.2 17.5
140 31.6 29.9 28.1 26.4 24.9 23.6 22.4 21.4 20.5 19.6
160 35.8 33.8 31.7 29.7 28.0 26.5 25.2 24.1. 23.0 22.1
180 40.7 . 38.4 35.8 33.5· 31.7 30.0 28.5 27.2 26.0· 25.0
200 46.6 43.7 ·'40.6

600 lb gage,
.38.1 36.0·

488.S~F saturated
34.1

tteam
·32.4 '30.9 29.6 28.4
I
lnitfal temperatur~; °F .

Exhaust
575
I 600 650 100. I 1so I aoo . 11
850 ·goo I 950 I 1000
press . Initial superheat, OF
lb/sq in
.gage 86.2. 111 161 211 . 261 s11 ·I 361 . 411 461 511

0 . 8.9 8.7 8.4 8.1 7.8 7.5 7.2 6.9 6.7 6.4
10 10.0 .9.8 9.4 .. 9.1 8.7 8.3 . ·8.0 . 7.7 .7.4 7.1
20 11.0 10.8 10.3 9.9· 9.5 9.1 8.7 8.3 8.0 7.7
30 11.9 11.6 11.1 10.6 to.1 · 9.7 9.3 8.9 ·. 8.5 8.2
"
40 12.8 12.4 11.9 11.3 10~8 10.3 9~9 9.4 9.1 8.7
50 13.5 13.2 12.6 12.0 11.4 10.9 10.4 10.0 9.6 9.2
60 '14.3 14.0 13.3 12.7 12.1 11.5 11.0 10.5 10.0 9.7
80 15.9 15.5 14.7 14.0 13.3 12.61 12.0 11.5 11.0 10.6
100 17.5 17.1 . 16.2 15.3 14;5. 13.8' 13.1 12.6 12.1 11.6
125 18.3 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.1 15.31 14.6 14.0 13.4 12.8
150 21.8 21.1 19.9 18.7 17.8 16.9, 16.1 15.4 14.8 14.2
175 24.1 23.4 21.9 20.6 19.6 18.71 17.8 17.0 16.3 ·1s:1
200 26.8 25.9 24.1 22.8 . 21.6 20.5 19.6 18.7 18.0 17.3
250 32.7 31.6 29.5 27.8 26.3 25.0 23.9 22.9 22.0 21 .1
300 40.5 39.0 36.5 34.4 32.5 31.0 29.6 28.3 27.1 26.1

Pages 5-25 to 5-29 calculated from ".Theoretical Steam Rate Tables" by J. H.

Keenan and F. G. Keyes, published by American Society of Mechanical Engineers.
. ·. I ---
J
I ~ _Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps · ·Cameron Bydraulic Data ·

Approximate Turbine ~fficiency*·~Ra~kii1e-"Cycle

.3600 rpm. · ·
~so·,,_;.----....;....,.~__,.,.--__..__,_......,..-r-,.--~~,.--...-~....-~--.~--....-~

I
>-
u
z
~70,__--1---'-1---1f-'-+-+-t--~
(j
LL.
LL.
w
60\.-.;-~-+....;_-+--7""'~~~-+--+::;;o,..e::;+-'-"-_____;._-\----,.-1---'-~_,....;....,_;..~--l
w·
...J
~ 150 psig . STEAM TURBINE RANKINE CYCLE. EFFICIENCY
u SO 300 psig FOR . APPROXIMATIONS ONLY .
.~ . 600 psig · · 11
. . . . . .· . CONDENSING •· . . . .·
· .52 2 Hg· Abs, Exhaust -100° F Superheat
· Z
<t 4
d .. . 3600 RPM .
~.~~...._~....___.,~..__.__..__,__.____,...~_._----_.__~_._----_._-"""'
.
a::: 200. 300 40.0 . 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 .
. TURBINE HORS.EPOWER . '< o;.134\3 :

~
l .
~10~·---~~-;.-~--;r--r--:-t--'t-'f'~-4~:=;_-t--~~-..,..,_.~___,
z
w
u
· ~ 6oi..:__~------.i----+-..,._....,:1-£.-.-1-c:..4--+---l---~;__-4~.,.,.-;-;.-----'-I-~--+
w
w · STEAM TURBiNE . ·..•.• ··
;..J . RANKINE CYCLE EFFICIENCY
· u SO. .....--,;...;.;..:...;..,.:.....-'-::.,...::_--!-'"..,-..,,.+'--+--+-+-c-i . .·. FOR AP PR OX IMATIONS 0 NLY
>-
u . . .. :.· . ·· . NON- CONDENSING ·· .. ·· .• .
w 5 p$ig Bock Pressure -100° F Superheat
~
...-
~O t:
r-;::::;!~f!!!~::::::=f:=;6c\i:r=t=h 600 psig
3600 · RPM ·
. .:

: 30Lc:::=:=:rl::.=.:::Gis,;;NGrL;-E1'sr~A~GE:.t1-~---.-1·-•.•-.. -------!
· 10.._o_·-----.-zo.....o--3"""'"0.._o_·-40....o____._»_&o'"o-_,__e_._oo-1-o.._oo--1soo 2000 ·. 3000 4000 sooo
TURBINE HORSEPOWER ··. 0-1344.

Theoretical Steam. Rate.Formulas· ·

. TSR = 2545
.lH

Steam flow (lb/hr> = __T_S_R_x......

hp_ _
corrected efficiency
TSR =theoretical steam rat:e"-lb/hp-hr ·
lH =difference in enthalpy between inlet and exhaust steam !isentropicJ
* Corrections for superheat and spe':d on next page. ·

5-30
.: '. I Steam Data
•. ·< - - - - - - . - .- . - - - - - .-.--..~..~
. -.~.-.--"!"'I-.---------
.". Corrections to Rankine. Cycle Effi~iency Curves
•· · ·
•·,,
.....
· - Superheat Corrections ··

....,
)

Type of turbine
Single-stage ·

Non-condensing
Non-c1 ondensing
Multi-stage

Condensing
Add or subtract
Correction method to or from RCE Multiply Multiply
I

·Superheat
0°F add 0.6 J.963 0.977
·100°F - ~.000 1.000
. 200°F Subtract 0.6 .012 1.018
· 300°F Subtract 1.2 .015 1.034
'

. . . j
Speed Correction Mult1pher for Spe eds Other Than
MuIf1-st age T..urb"uies 0 ny
1

3600 rpm
. I
Non-conden.sing . Condensing ·

RPM. .·3000 5000 7500 10,000 3soo I 5000 7500 10.000

.. I

•
BHP I
500 1.000 1:030 .1.036 1.018 .1.000 . 1.000 1.000 1.000
.1000 1.000 1.013 1.006 0.982 1.000 1.000 1.000 • 1.000
2000 1.000 1.001 0.980 0.940 1.000 1.000 1.000 .0.957
3000 . 1.000 0.997 0.968 0.920 1.000. 1.000 ·. 0.984 0.929
5000 1.000 0.994 0.959 0.902 1.000 . 1.000 0.955 0.895

EFFICIENCY
,.
. Page5-30. gt ves approxirnate Rankine
. cvcle
• efficiencies
. (RCE) for sing le-stage
.. and multi-stage turbines at \'arious ratings and stjeam pressures. These data
.. may be used only for rough estimating. There is corisiderable variance between.·
manufacturers for a given rating and condition, some offering ·a higher
efficiency, some lower, depending upon how the cdnditions match a particular
. size or· design. . . . · . _ · .. . .· . · ·. . · j • . ·. · . · · .

Although very large turbines are u~ed for certa~n types of drives, a limit of
5000 hp has been chosen for these data since it was felt this encompassed the.
· ·majority of drives where such data would be usea. It is to be expected.that
· larger units would have higher 'efficiencies. For example, a 25,000 hp, 3600 rpm
turbine at 600 psig, 750°F and 5" Hg abs. exhaust,! would have an efficiency of
about 82Ck; . · · . . I . ·. ·
·''Single-stage turbines often operate at some ~ack pres.sure.· The curves
are based on 5 psig back pressure. For back pre~sures to 50 psig multiply
RCE from the curves by a correction fac~or equ~l to: · · · .
· 0-25 tback pr~ssure - 5)
corr. Factor = 1 +
where the back pressure is in.psig." .
100 . .
j· .· .
Condensing turbines show a small increase i , RCE for higher absolute
exhaust pressure (lower vacuums), but it is not significant for the purpose of
these curves. ·
----------. 5-31
 . . "

I ;) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .•.

. . . .

Cameron Hyd;~ulic Data ,.

a•
1.·-..
·-··--:
· For flow problen1s involving gas
DVp··
' . . Qp -
= ·-dY- ·.: : ;: · 6.32 \Y . - · 22735
~1r Yapor the Darcyforrnulae are: ··
378.9 qp
.'.19
.!i
<
. ,•
R=
••
-
32.174 u ' 12 v ' dz dz·· dz .! -

fLV~s.
· ·.· . · .· 1 .·.·t!·
..
hw = 0.002745
'

h
.
=
.. . . _ .fLV~
0.00129L>' ' '•
'd
.

=
'

. fLV2p
' ' -
43.53fLQ2p ·.;
,·.·.:
! ....'. ~:
5
. " ..•.· dw

h ·.. 0.01209fLq2p .. 0.00000336 fLW

" ' ' ' . d;; ' ' ,' ·. ' ' p' d 5 ',' ' ·.
24 gd pd
2

' ,'
···-··... ·· ·.. ··.• .·
' ·.···
.• 1>~
:.
' 'iCj
;
. . . ·. ' ".· .. ' . :· .·· . ' . . . . . . ' .

• ·. , •I, ·:41t;
Symbols.·· .. . .
-: ·-··
..
"-'. -·
.. .
- ·-·. -
;

- ·- - - - . -.--·~.-;··~·
. •,· ·. '
-.:_. :.._,c·.
: ..
- ~
D .· ·. internal pipe dia:_ft .·.•
•••••••
. ·; ',

•• ••••••••••• •• •

d =internal pipe dia-in · .

.·. f .. ·•friction factor (page 3-11) · •·.
g = acceleration due to gravit§ .•
· -·· 32.174 ft/sec~ ·
hw . • pre~sure drop·•.· ·
·
'

.,,
~
'··

.· . · tt'
.,

. · ·-·.··• inches of waler · · ."··.·c·

. :
· h" ·. · ···pressure drop-·· psi ·.
L ~-length of pipe:--ft .. '
.,·

_.,
:·

·p -:- density at ternp and press . ·

. ·.· of flow conditions-.· lb/fta
· q ffow--cfm-··· ft=1/min ·. ··· ·
· Q ... ·flow-·. cfs-. ft:l/sec ·
. R ..... Reynolds number · .
.'- ·

.. .
·<.
£f
. ·sa ·· sp~cific gravity of gas (air ~ 1) .·_ · ·•
u = absolute viscositv = 1bf-sec/ft2 .
· V =velocity offtow~{ft/sec) .
···.·'
····~
.
. w . specific volume-ft:i11b .·
2
v ·. kinematic viscosity (ft /sec) ·
· . W =flow-· lb/hr. .
.
l
. z = absolute visrosity-centipoises
·I
·, .-t
5-32 ._..;r.lllllllLtfr
t
•.
·-·~.
'.
Stean1 Data
:· ~ - -..-.. T-h-.e-D-a-rc_)_'-fo_r_m_u-la-.ca-.n-.-n-ot-__b_e___-_a-p-pl-ie-d-.-~n-d-is_c....
~-m-i-n-at_e_l~-..-to-v-ap_o_r-or
• , gas flow because it does not take into account the affect compressibility
•:_,,,. has on velocity and density. · I . .
:~ · 1. When h" is less than lO'k of upstream! pressure, reasonabie
accuracy is obtained. Base p and Von either upstream or down-
•··•ner, 2.
stream conditions.
VVhen hp is between 10 and 40Ck ofupstr
~ pressure, reasonable
·.~!. accuracy is obtained _by usingP_ ~nd V iased on an average of
. \ upstream and downstream conditions. · ·
•1;,~ 3. VVhen hp is over 40Ck of upstream pressure divide the total length
e~·;J
;
;
into shorter sections and add the pressure!drops for each section.
.; i
'

... . .
. . i '
i
'.::~ . ..
'
;
·-~) FRICTION OF STEAM IN FfIPES . . . I .
··). Use of tab.I es. a~d. charts, pages 5-34 tf 5-37 and 5-39 . . .. . . I
·;~ E~raniple- · . · · . -1 · · · · ~!

...·;
•~) Given a flow of 30,000 lb/hr of steam at 125 lb/in gage. and 100°F o{
2 :

.
.~.,

·-~
.:~
/
:~:)
superheat'through95u-feet"of s~inch pipe-with
gate valve. What is the friction loss?
Solution -
two
90° elbows and one- - .

• Steam at 125. lb/in 2· gage pressure ·will be approximately 125 + 15

.i

atmospheric pressure~ 140 lb/in 2 absolute ~ressure. · . ·

.;,,'
a:1·,
• From the table on page 5-19, the temperat~re of 140 lb/in 2 steam ·.
.

....
·~
·~~(,)
.,;)
)
without superheatis ?53°F. ·.
• The total temperature " . .
· ·
with superheat
I .· · · · ·..· . · ·
is 353I +
.
100 = 453°F
.
• From the table on page 5-39, the length of) pipe equivalent to the
.

friction loss through two 90° elbows. is ~ x 20 ~ 40 ft · and · the

.

e<: . equivalent length for a gate valve is 5.32 ft. The total equivalent
.))
j

.
length of pipe is 955 + 40 + 5.32 = 1000 ft. 1· . ' ' ..

.)
•< }

..1_·
, '\
• Ente.r the. table on page 5-34 at 125 lb/in 2 g~ge pressure and 450°F
total heat, finding a correction factor of 2.~1. _·
• Divide the steam flo"· of 30,000 lb/hr by.I 2.641 which gives an
equivalent flow of 11,359 lb/hr for use in th·~ chart.
• .• ;

·~\
•··.,.
.
'
)

j
• Now enter the chart on page 5~37 at 11,359 I
lb/hr. Run vertically

a frictiori loss or pressure drop of 0.005 )b/in 2 per ft. For 1000
.

to the line for 8-inch pipe and then horizont31lly to the right, reading
• ' !..~
equivalent feet of pipe _the friction loss is 1?00 x 0.005 = 5 lb/in2 •
...
•:~
9,J,,
:~ . . I

•<. .'/

4'- l I
~! I 5-33
4'~
r--
c:.n
;f l ne chart on pages 5·36 to 5·37 Is based on v2· 1b gage
pressure satlnated. steam. At Increased pressures arid temperatures
. steam pipe will carry load as Indicated In chart. times (x) con\lerslon factor below, with drop as l"dlcated In chart. · . .. ·
1111

'-
··To simplify the use of the chart it is suggested that the steam. loads In' question be corrected by dividing s~me by proper factor
below. Then apply.·corrected load directly
.
to ·1ovi pressure
.
chart.
. -
See. example,
. . . . page 5-33.. . ·-·
:s
..."''
. . . . .

U:it
Total temperatures-"F .CD
.·
Pressure Sat ·

-a·
...
.lb gage temp 300 350 400 450 500 ..550. 600
.
650 700 ·• 750 : 800 850 900 950 . 1000 1050 1100 1150 . 1200 0
II .
Y2 1.000 0.938 ·0.908 0.880 ·0.855 0.832 . 0.811 0.792 0.773 . 0.756 0,740 '0)25 0.712 0.698 0.666 0.674. 0.663 .0 . 658 0.642 ·o.632
. 5
10 .
1.129 1.069
. 1.255 1.199
1.034
1.159
1.003
1.124
. 0.974 0.948 0.924
'1.091 . 1:062 1,035
0.901
1.()10
0.881
· o:es1
0.661 0.643 0.826 •.
.'
·o.965 : 0.945 . 0:925
0.810
0.907
0.795
0.891
0.781
0.875
0.767 .0.754
0..859 0.645
0.742.
0.831
0.731 0.719
0.818 ·0.806 .
c; .·

.,,..c:
. 15.
20 ·.
1.368 . 1. 317
·1.472 1.426
1.273
1.378
· 1.233
1.. 335 .
1.198 1.165 1.135
· 1.296 1.260 f.228
1.108 .. · 1.0B2
1.198 1.170
.. 1.058 .· 1.036 1.015
1..144 . •1.120 1J)97 . .
0.995
1.076
0.977.
1.056
0,959
1.037
0.942 0.927
{019 1.002
0.911· 0.897 ·o.884 .. ·~f
CD,
.
0.986 0.970 0.955
.. .c:
25 1.567 1.528 .1.475 1.429 1.387 1.349 . 1.314··· 1.282 1.252 • t.224 .·· 1.198 1.174 .1.151 1.130 1.109 1:090 1.071 ·1.054 1.038. 1.022
30 1.657 1.624 1.567 1:517. ..1.473 1.432 1.395 . J;361, 1.329 .. 1.299 1.272 1.246 1.222 1.199 · 1.177 U57, 1.137 1.119 1.101 1.084
35 1.742 U15 1.655 1.602 .1;554 . 1.511 t472 1.435 1.402 . 1.371 . ·.1.341 1.314 •·.i.289 1.264 1.241 1.220 1.199 . 1.180 . 1.161 1.143
.·-a·
a
40
45
1.822
1.898
1.803· 1.738
1.887 11.818
. 1.682 1.631 1.586 1.545. . 1.506'
. L759 ·. 1.706 1.658 1.614 1.. 574
1..471 .. 1.438
1.537 . 1.503
).406

.'
1.471
;
1.379' 1.352
1:441 1.413
,·
1.327 . 1.303
1.386 1.361.
1.280
1.337
1..258.
1.315
L238 1.218
1.293 1.273
· ..
1.200
1.253 ·. "' .·.

50 1.972 1.968' ·. 1.895 1.832 1 •.777 1.727 .1.681 1.640 . 1.601. 1.565 • ).532 1.500 . 1.411 1.443 1.417 1.392 1.369 . f.346 1.325 1.~05
60 2.110 . 2.042
; 1:973' .1.912 1.858 · 1.808 1.763 1.721 1.683 ... 1.647, 1..613 1.581 1.551 1.523 1.496 1.471 1<447 . 1.424 1.402 ()
j:).).
.. 2.180 2J05. 2.039·· 1;951 • 1~927 1.754 .1.718 ·~.684 1.567 1.541 . 1.517
70
ao
90
2.238
2.360.
2.474
.. 2.311
.. 2.437
2.230.
2.349
<2:159
2.274
2:097 . 2.040
2.207 2.147
1.879
1.988.
2.092. .
1.834
1.941
2.042
1.793
1.897 .. 1.856 . f.817 1.781
1.995 . 1;952. 1.912 1.874
1.652 .1.622
1.748 1.716
1.838. 1.804
1.594.
1.686
1.773
1.657 1.630 1.604
1.743 1.714 1.687
1.494
1.579
1'.6.61
s
Ctl
. ' ... . Jooi ·.
100 2.584 ... 2:558 .. 2.464 2.384 2.313. 2.249 2. 192 2.138. 2.090 2.044 2:002 1.962 1.924 1:ee9· 1.856 1.824 1.794 . 1.766 1.739
0
! ~
125 2.837 .. . . 2.734 2..641 2.560 2.488·. .·2.424 2.364 2.309 I 2.259 . 2.211 . 2.167 2.125 2.086 2.049 2.014 1..981 1.950 1.920
3.070. .. .. 2.985 2:880 2.789, ·2.709 . 2.637'' 2.571· 2.511 .. 2.455 2.403 . 2.355 2.310 2.267 ·2.226 2.188 2.152 2:11s 2.085 ~.···
150
.. 3.222 '
2.350 . 2.311 2.274 . 2.?38
175 .. 3.285 .. ' 3.104 3.002 2.914 2:836 ..2.764 2.()98 2.638 2.582 2.530 ·2.481 2.435 2j91 ·~
200 3.467 . .. .... 3~450. .. 3.316 3~205. 3.108 3.023.:•
..
2.946 2.875. '2:610 2.749. 2.694.. 2.641 • 2.592 . 2.545 .2.501 . 2.459 2.420 2.382 .. ~
. ...,
I· -.
, ' .. ' .. .· j:).) ..
225 3.678 .. 3.669. 3.520 3.398 '3.293 3:201. 3.118. 3.042' , , 2.968 2.908 2.848 2.793 2.740. . 2.690 . 2.644 . 2.600. 2.558 2.518 -~···

250
275
3.859.
·4.033.
..
. .. .
. ..
..
·•· .
: ... · .
3.717 . 3.583'
3.907 3.762.
3.470
3.640.
,3.370··. ·3.252
3.534 . . 3.440
3.201·
3.354.
. :a.12s .
. 3.276
3.060 I 2.996 2.936 2.881
3:204. 3.137 3.075 3.017
2.829
. 2.962
2.780 2.733 2.689
2.910 . 2.861 2.814
2.647
2.i10'
.....
~

(j
. .. . .. . 4:093 3.935 3.804 3:691- .3:591 ·. 3.501 . :3.419 . 3;343 . 3.273 3.207 . 3.146. 3.088 3.034 2.983 2.934 2.888
300
350
4.200
4.517
, ~

...
~

.. ... 4.454 4~269 ·. 4:119 3.9~ . 3.860 ·. 3.780 • 13.689.

r
3.606' 3.529 '3.458 3.391 3.328 3.269 3.214 3.162
. I
3.,111 '.
-~
u
rl
.. I j:).) .

k. -

•• ~·.. ~.-.•..,... ••4P '""•"""....,•Wt,n•,_. r..-afA'I '•'J r,A

·--·------~· ·-------· "-·-·-·
·,~, .!.;~:!' ;!~!~~~:'~~ ~!!!! ·-~''''.' ~ 1-1~1.,,,,,,,~,·-'"!'-~'1 v''~!!.,.~.,,f,,!.! .~'.,~.!'_~• -~ -~ -~ ! .•..! -~ -~-,~
Total temperatures-"F
Pressure Sat
lb gage temp 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 850 .· 900 950 1000 1050 1100 1150 1200

400 4.816 .. .. .. 4.806 4.589 4.419 4.276 4.152 4.043 3.944 3.854. 3.770 ·3.693 3.621 3.553 3.491 3.431 3.374 3.320
450 5.099 .. .. .. .. 4.900 4.707 4.548 4.413 4.293 4.186 4.088 3.998 3.915 3.838 3.766 3.698 3.634 3.574 3.517
500 5.370 .. .. .. .. 5.205 4.986 . 4.810 4.659 4.532 4.416 4.311 4.215 4.127 4.045 3.968 3.896 3.828 3.764 3.704
S50 5.630 .. .. .. 5.506 5.259 5.064 4.902 4.762 4.638 4.526 4.424 4.330 4.243 4.161 4.086 4.014 3.946 3.882
600 5.883 .. .. .. .. 5.806 5.526 5.312 5.136 4.892 4.852 4.732 4.624 4.525 4.433 4.347 4.267 4.192 4.121 4.053

650 6.127 .. .. .. .. 6.107 5.790 5.554 5.363 5.201 5.059 4.932 4.818 4.713 4.616 4.526 4.442 4.363 4.289 4.218
700 6.365 .. .. .. .. .. 6.052 5.792 5.585 5.411 5.260 5.126 5.005 4.895 4.793 4.698 4.611 4:528 4.451 4.377
750 6.597 .. .. .. .. .. 6.312 6.025 5.802 5.616 5.456 5.314 5.187 5.071 4.965 4.865 4.774 4.687 4.606 4.530
800 6.825 .. .. .. .. .. 6.574 .6.258 6.016 . 5.817 5.647 5.498 5.364 5.242 5.132 5.028 4.933 4.842 4.759 4.679
850 7.048 .. .. .. .. .. 6.837 6.488 6.227 6.014 5.835 5.677 . 5.537 5.410 5.295 5.187 5.087 4.994 4.906 4.824

900 7.267 .. .. .. .. ' .. 7.103' 6.718 6.435 6.209 6.019 5:953 5.707 5.574 5.454 5.341 5.238 5.141 5.051 4.965
950 . 7.484 .. .. .. .. .. 7.375 6.947 6.642 6.400 6.200. 6.026 5.872 5.734 5.609 5.492 5.385 5.285 5.191 5.102
1000 7.696 .. .. .. . .. .. . ;, 7.175 6:846 6.588 6.376 6.194 6.034 5.890 5.760 5.638 5.528 5:424 5.327 5.236
1050 7.908 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.406 7.049 . 6.775 6.551 6.360 6.193 6.043 5.908 5.783 5.669 5.561 5.461 ·5.367
1100 8.117 .. .. .. .. .. .. 7.638 7.252 6.960 6.725 6.525 6.351 6.194 6.055 5.924 5.807 5.692 5.593 5.496

1150 8.326 .. .. .. .. ... . .. 7.873 7.455 7.144 6.896 6.686 6.505 6.343 6.198 6.064 5.942 5.828 5.722 5.622
1200 . 8.532 .. .. .. .. .. ..
. 8.112 7.657 7.327 7.065 6.846 6.657 6.489 6.339 6.201 8.075 5.957 5.849 5.746
1250 8.736. .. . .. .. .. .. .. 8.355 7.859 7.508 7.233 7.004 6.807 6.633 -6.477 6.335 6.204 6.084 5.973 5.867 .
1300 8.941 .. .. .. .. ... . . 8.605 8.063.· 7.689 7.399 7.160 6.955 6.775 6.614 6.468 6.333 6.209 5.095 5.936
8.269 7.870 7.565. 7.314 7.101 6.915 6.749 6.598 6.460 6.332 6.215 6.103
_ 1350._ ~9.14.3._ ------~·'··'- -----~--':--"--·- ----------------- ----- ---·-------~- - - - 8.859 ---- - -

1400 9.347 .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.125 8.475 8.049 7.728 7.467 7.246 7.053 6.882 6.726 6.584 6.454 8.333 6.219
1450 9.549 .. .. .. .. .. 9.402 8.684 8.230 7.892 7.619 7.389 7.190 7.013 6.853 6.707 6.573 6.450 6.333
1500. 9.750 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 8.893 8.408 8.053. 7.768 7.530 7.324 7.142 6.977 6.827 6.690 6.564 6.444
1600 10.156 .. .. ... .. .. ... .. 9.326 8.771 8.376 8.066 7.810 7.591 7.397 7.~23 7.066 6.921 6.788 6.662
rn
1700 10.564 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 9.775- 9.135 8.698 8.361 8.088 7.852 7.647 7.463 7.297 7.147 7.007 6.877 r-t-
CD
.. .. .. .. .. .. 10.252. 9.506 9.020 8.654 8.358 8.109 7.891 7.699 7.525 7.366 7.221 7.085 ~
1600 10.977 ..
1900 11.397 .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10.760 9.885 9.343 8.945 8~628' 8.363 8.133 7.930 7.748 7.561 7.431 7.288 S·
.. .. .. .. 7.793 7.636 7.488 .
2000
2100
11.822
12.262
..
.. .. ..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.321
11.96<1
...
10.272
10.672
9.669
9.996
10.329
9.234
9.523
9.813
8.893
9.159
9.421
8.612
8.858
9.103
.8.370
8.603
8.834
8.158
6.381
8.600
7.966
8.181
8.392
8.000
8.204
7.837
8.034
7.683
7,875
v
~
CTI 2200 12.707 .. .. 11.091 r-+-
&
CTI
p.j
Steam flow ch'art and tables are reproquced with permission from ITI Grinnel book of Piping Design and Engineering.

-·- .... - ___.

.... ·-- ---
 ·. : ' . .

· I ~ ·1ngersoll·Dresser Pumps Ca.Il1eron Hydraulic Dat~

-- -:. Frrcficfra Eoss-for Steam

Based on Y2 lb gage pressure. See page 5-3.4
· to convert to
other pressures ·

FLON POUNDS/ HOUR

o
N
o · o o o ·a 8
(<) ":t IO <O CIJ· -
8N
N

0 ..4

03 IN STANDARD .
WALL PIPE

0.1 +--~-+--+--'-h-+-t----r-__;.....-~--:-~-r,-+-;r-rr-.~---:-+-:t-:-----+--1--'+-.!.../.::---l­
o.oe -t--t-'---t--+-i~-r-r-r----r---'-:--f-.~-rt-t-4-i-rl~-___,++-,--+4+-h'---..J..
0.06 +--~-t--r,-,-<-i:--rt-H'--'---t--f--+-...,,..,..;.-r-.-+-t-'rtt;-,-----:--J+---:-1-:-'.~~~--.._j.,
o.os-r·-'-'-1-.....,.....J-J-i-;-r_;..._~r:--:-,.--++,.--~...:.r-~-H-tiH----i!.....+-__:_~.j.....,......:...+t.+---:.__:lij
~04+-_;_,.~-+--+-+-f--l->~-~-l---'-'-t--T+-'-r-'-t--HH-t----l~+--1--+-.f+-4--~!'..+-

. ~q3.-t-,--t--f-'.----"r-t--'-+'."""'!-t---.,.--f--r--~rt--r--+--Ht:-T-;-t--T----:--r---1~-+---r--+-..:...+,;....;.,+.

~·
a: 0.02 +--+,....,..---t--'.""f--r-:-~~~..__,....-:-f--;-----:-~f-i-'-,-'-jH-J~--ff-_.:..,_"-1-+-+-.Y....,......:.......'-J,
u...
0
.. 1-

§
,. O.Ol:r==r=t::~t=+t+==~;=q-:f:_:~~~P.=l=-+-~t::.~=tq=t:;c:j
~ nooa7!---;--7-t---:-r--:--if-r-:-~l--'----:--i-f-"'~-r.:¥-r:-H-t--t---1:--.;...:_;_-+--+.,.+..~....:..;.
a. . !
0 Q006.~l--:-J'--1--l~-+-t-+~-l---:-:----1-l-.;;-o-.:.:::r-+-'t-hrh~~Y--..:...l..jjr....+~/.:J...-..........-A
~ ~005-t'--r:----;---;r---:~t-+i--1.._-~f-:--'.~ctii9.--:-+-:-T-t-r+--.,.--J--+-_.....;.-l--+~:-l-__;...;....J.....i.
.iI!. o.0D4-r--r.-t-:-r--:-t-;~'-l-t-rt"--~.:.-'-:f7-'-+-~r-f"."'.'"f-+-1r-1-1~-1-,.--~-1--+1-+-.j..;;.!.:!I-!...+
:::>
~ 0.003--.·_ _...__......---J,_
~·
· aoo2-r--:-:-+--r-+-~-1t-+-:---1-....,...;---:-1--:-r-.;,.,.+-1i1~r-ttt----..--ir:.i-;._;_~-1--++.~-.r...:....i..

0.001 +--t-+---+-:_,...------++-tit.----J.__-!---t-/--":~~H-+-+--:-:--1>'-...;....;.-'.J:r..-..:..+-;.J:+-:.t-:.-l..

o.oooe 1"·-r-r--:-t-r-t---:-t-V':---f~-:---:~_;-,+:+~f---l-:--'----i,.,_+4~+..,t....;....;_J;,
0.0006··"1~-:--t--7t---:-r~H-+-:---:-r-:-~-++-r+-i+++.-~-1--+--J-...::,...+1-+-+~...w..
o.ooos r~t-t".-r-t--t-t-fl~t---~-+"--tT-t---r-+H-~-f-:---~+.:__+.--i.+-+-~-t
0.0004-t.-"-t'---i"-t-t-++-r--f--+--f--+-+~++-'--f_..,.....;.-++-+-+-A-i-~..t....i
i
Qooo37'--;r-r---Jr:-l7'""':-~rrrr---T-r.:.__~.--r--';-l--+-H-i~-~~~t-:--1-~~-l--t..--L

0.0001 ..,_,......_,..i'-'"-t-'.-+--7-t-+++---t-....;.,.._.-7---+-~-:-t--t'~l-t-f-..L.....,..:-...-l.-H'..,......,...~_µ-J-W:..W-l.
N co2 · N
0 0
M
0
"Z
0
I/')
0
(.()"
. o.
CIJ
8 8N .8 8
M 'Ct
FLON POUNDS/ HOUR
 Steam Data
I

Friction Loss of Steam (Contlrued) i'

Based on 1/2 lb gage pressure. See prge 5-34 ;

l
to convert to other pressures ·

FLOW POUNDS/ HOUR

2.000 3 4 s 6 e 10.co: 2 _ 4 s 6 e 15 2 3 4 5 6"/\10
5
' !
: Q5
: 0.4
r
Q3

I :

0.0006
. 0.0005
i-

!. .

i
I
0.0001
2.000 3 4 56 . 8 10.000 2 . 3 4 5 6 8 16
5
2. 3 4 5 6XI0
5

F"LOW POUNDS /HOUR

5-37
 en
&5
. Low Pressure Steam Flow .·
' lb per hr based on 100 n per ~ec veioclty ·-·
··'8J·
-
Pipe
"
UI=
.
;

'
Absolute press in in. Hg. ·
•=
-
Norn Area*
size: sq ft 29.920 10.00 8.00 6.00 ,,'• ·. 5;00. ·, 4.00 '3.50 .3;00 2.50 2;00' 1.50 1.25 1.00 .75 ', .50 0
.. I .
1h .01414 190 68 55 ' 42 36,' 29 25 22 19 '' 15. 11 10 8 6 ,' 4
.2 : .02331 313 112 91 70 59' 47 ' .42 ' 36 31 .•. · 25 19 16 13 10 ' ·7 .~·
2Y2 .03326' 447 ' 160,. 130 99 .. 84 '68' 60 ' 52 44 35 27 23 18 14 10 fl
3.
4
5
.05132 '
' .08840
.13900
689
1188
1867
247.
.426
669'
200
' 345
543
153 ,·..
'264.
414
' "
129
'222'
349···

504 ·.·
,'
' 105
' 180
' 283 ',
... : '
. 92
'' ·159
250
'.·. 80
137
::2H;
/ '
,, 67
116
182 '
'•'
54
94 ', '
', '.147 '
' '
42
72
' 112
35
60
'• 95
28
49
77
22
37
.· 58.
15
25
40
."'
CD
-a
c
'

, ·.•·263.' .
6
8
10 '
.20070
'.34720
.54790
2696
4664
7360
966
·, · . 1672'
'.· 2638
784'
1356'
2140·
598.
1035
1634·
.. 872
·.1377'.·
' '409 '
'707. .
''.'

·.• 1116 '

,' .~61
' 624
985_.
312
540'
as2·.·.
' 455
717
213
', 368
·. 581
'w:
'1f. ..

'' 443.
' ',· 137
237
·373'
111
192
302
'84 .
146
'57
·. '99
'' 230: • ' 157
a
-a
12 .78540 10551 3782. ·•, 3068 ·. 2342 ' 19,73 ' '' 1600 '1411
' 1721
,· '1221
1488'
1028
. 1254
833'' 635 ' 535
652
433
528
330
403
225
274
"'
14 .95750 12862 4610 '. 3740 '2855.· • 2406,' 1951 1016 '' 775
16 1.26800 17033 ', 6105 4953 3781 ' ' .3186 2583· 2279 1971 ' 1660 1346' 1026 864 700 533 363' ~
pj .
18
20
L62300
2.02100
' 21802
27149
7814
9-731
.6339
'7894·
4840
.6026
· 4ota··.
5078
3307
·...4117'
~916
.3632'
2523 '
3141
·2125
2646
1722
2145
1313
1635 '
1106
1377
896
1115
682'
. ·0so
465
• 579
'
.·s
<."tl
24 2.94800 39601 : ' • 14194 ,· 11514 •' '8791. '7407 ·. '6006' ' ..• 5297 .· 4582' ' 3860 .3128 2385 '2008 1627 '' 1240 ' 845 ""'i
' '·
·O
·~
30 4.66600 . 62680 ,' 22466 ' 18225' '13913 11724 ·.·, 9506 .·· 8385 7253 6109' • 4951. 3775 3179 2575. 1,962 1337,
13807 ' ,' 12178 '8873 .· '4617 ' . '2849 ·.
36
42' '
6.77700
9.28100 '
.. 91038
124675'
32630
44686
' 26470
' 36250·
•• 202oa •. . 17028
,,27675 ,. '' 23319 18909 16677
10534. 7191
14,426 • • 12152 ' ''. 9848
'' 5483
7509 '' 6323
.3740
5121 3902 .•.
1942·
2659 ::ct
_..,.<L
" 0 . " "'
'·. 9852 6719 · si2o · p...·_
48 '12.17700' 163578 58629 47561. 36310 ' .30595 . '' 24809 ' 21881: 18928. 15944 '12921 8296 ' .3489', ""'i .
54 15,46600 207760 74465 ·.. '·• 60408.' ' 46117 38859· '31510' 27792 • '24040 ' 20250·. 16411 · 125.1;1 10537 8534 6503 4431 ' pj
60 19. 14700 257208 '92186 74785 57094' 48108 39009
· .... 34406.' 29762 25070 ,• 20318 151191 ' '
13045 . 1056S '8051 5485 ' 'i::·
' ' '
i-;.-1 '
' . ~
~·
66 23.22100 311936 111804 ···. 90967' •69242 58344'· '47309 . .41727 36095·' 30404 24641. 18788 . 15821 12814' 9764 6653! (j
72 . 27.68800 371942 133311 .•. 108145 .82562 , 69568 . 56410 I 49754 I ',43038 36253 ' . 29381 · 22402 I . 18864 I 15278' 11642 7932;
I ''

' t::l
'pj'
· .. · ·.·. ·. . · .
· ·1· sizes up t.o 12"' Schedule 40 pipe ·. · , .
·Area denotes tr;msvetse internal area of.pipe . sia$ aboile. 1. 2.~ are.~ld. wt. pipe {.375 w.·.all) · . . . sr
t. ~..... . .. '· "'' "" .' _,·: ·.L ' .. ·. .. · • •. . . .. . ·· ~i~e.s 14n .arid above are nomlnal. size less wall thickness of.375 fn.ches .
'.~-· '!I ,l ~·~· I < ·t,\"t'-''~•.h·'-'loiJ(q,"'-'•:!:,\·: '.'., "'';., ·: ,' ._.' .. ·"'' '.-. . I

-- -· -- ·---' ---·-··------~-· .. ·-···-·----·:-~··

....,_..•••••n.•.,.•·~·-,,••,.••n,•n•,•9'tAt•r~••A•A
. --....:..._

. - . . ·.· ·. . . . ·: .
C-----•_:~_'-f:9-:!,t:•~:f
I

!
-
!"''!-,!!!,,,_, !lll,11-~~ ~,,,,,!-,! 'l!., l·!.~' !-•! ! 1! ~ '~,.!;
. . .. : . . .... · . . . . . . _.-.

·Friction Loss In Pipe Fittings lri Terms of Equivalent Length;._feet of Straight Pipe

Swing
Nom- ·Actual Gate Sid Std check Angle Globe 90 Welding
inal inside Friction valve lee lee Close valve valve valve Butter- elbow Mitre bend
pipe diameter factor full 90 45· lhru branch return full lull full fly
size d I opi:n elbow elbow flow flow bend open open open. . valve r/d 1 I rid 2 45 I 90

•/1 .622 .027 .41 1.55 .83 . . 1.04. 3.11 2.59 5.18 7 78 17.6
l/4 .824 025 55 2.06 1.10 1.37 4.12 3.43 6 86 10.3 233
1 1.049 .023 70 . 2 62 1.40 1.75· . 5.25 4.37 8.74 13.1. 29 7
1't4 1.380 .022 .92 3.45 1.84 2.30 . 6.90 5.7.5 11.5 17.3 39.1
1 "2 1.610 .021 1.07 . 4.03 2.15 2.68 . 6.05 6.71 13.4. 20.1 · 45.6

2 2.067 .019 1.38 5.17 2.76 3.45 10.3 . 8.61 17.2 25:8 . 58.6 7.75 3.45 2.07 2 58 10;3
2•.., 2 469 018 1 65 6 17 ·. 329 412 . 12 3 10 3 20 6 30 9 70 0 9 26 4 1? 2 4j :l Oil 1? 3
3 3 068 018 2 04 7.67 4 09 5 11 . 15.3 12 8 25.5 38 4 .. 86 9 11 5 5.11 3 07 3 ll4 15 3
4 4.026 .017 2.68 10.1 5.37 6.71 20.1 . 16.8 33.6. 50:3 114 15.1 6.71 4.03 5.03 20 1
5 5.047 .016 3.36 12.6 6.73 8.41. . 25.2 21.0 42.1 . 63.l 143 18.9 8.41 5.05 6.31 25.2

6 6.065 .015. . 4.04 15.2 8.09. 10.1 30.3. 25.3 50.5 .· ·75.8 172 22.7 10.1 6.07 7.58 30.3
8 7.981 014 5.32 20.0 10.6 13.3 39.9 33.3 33.3 99:8 226 29.9 13.3 7.98 9.98 39 9
10 . 10.02 .014 6.68 25.f 13.4 16.7 50.1 41.8 41.8 125 284 29.2 16.7 10.0 12.5 50.1
12 11.938 013 7.96 29.8 15.9 19.9 59.7 49.7 49.7 149 .. 338 34.B. 19.9 11.9 14.9 59.7
14 13.124 .013 8.75 32.8 17.5 21 .8 65.6 54.7 54.7 164 372 38.3 21.8 13.1 16.4 . 65.6

16-1---~::~~5········ ··········:~·~;-·-· ··---~~~---1'-~~r;~~·-···-- ----~~~~---··-· --·~!:~········· -····--;~~-- ······;~:~········· ···--~~~--- ---~};------ -----;~}-······· ····--~~:-~---·-· -~~·:g- -~-~-:~-,-~!:~--L············--
18
20 tB.814 .012 12.5 47.0 25.1 31.4 94.1 78.4 78.4 235 533 39.2 31.4 18.8 23.5 94.1
24 22.628 .012 15.1 56.6 30.2 37.7 113 94.3 94.3 263 , 641 47.1 37.7 22.6 28.3 113
30 28 .011 . 18.7 70 37.3 46.7 140 117 46.7 28 35 140

36
42
48
34
40
46
.011
.010.
.010
22.7
26.7
30.7.
85
100
115
45.3
53.3.
61.3
56.7
. 66.7
76.7
. 170.
200
230
142
167
192
56.7
66.7
. 76.7 I
34
40
46
I 43
50
58
1170
200
230
I !""+.
(J)
~
.~

LID B 30 16 20 60 50
V2 to 6
= 100 I 1so 340 I I .20 I 12 I 15 I 60 I
s
01 24 to 48 ci.·
I
Cl:) =50 ~·
c.o r-+
~

t •
·-..:-- •• • • ·•••~·••• · - · - · - - - o.a • - - · · · - · - - .. • - - - • ........ -----· •-
 I) lngersollal»~sser Pumps Cameron·. Hydraulic Data
..

""!""0-'!'Y UQ,. ,......,. "O "! .....I\ -ft,.,.. "fl!•/t\

!. ! ! ~· ! ! ! ! ~ i,·a 2 s 2. 2 0

: :~

.: ·.
~~~~~=l
I
RI ..
." . I
·~

~J-+I"'
.. •
.! ...
!.

Copyright by General Electric Company Re1iroduced by permission

540
 •·
.• ,
· Steam Data· i •

.....•··. · · . · ·Psychrometric Cha1 .·. . · . ·

. , i,

. . . Examples showing. use of·chart [on page 5-40. ·

.
'•

~ · CONDITIOiVS: 95° dry-bulb and 75° wet-bulb : . .

:, Relative hianidity: At intersection of 75° wet-bulb and 95° dry-bulb
••• the relative humidity is read directly on the furved lines as 40 per

.•n
er·':. ~~. . I

('-·,
~ ,)
Dew point: At intersection of 75° wet-bulb lnd 95° dry-bulb lines,
the dew point is read directly on horizontal tekperature lines as 67°.
Vapor pressure:. At intersection of 75° · wetjbulb and 95° dry-bulb
lines, pass in horizontal direction to left of c~art and on scale read .
. the vapor pressure as 0.33 ~b per sq in abs. I . . ,.
·. Vapor pre.ssure in inches, Hg (at 32°F) = 2;~36 x lb/sq in abs. . :
' ' ' '. . .· . ' ' . '. . . . . . i . ' .
. Vapor pressure in ~llim~ters, Hg (at32°.F)I .. 51.71 >< lb/s9 in abs. . · '.
. Total heat above 0° in 1nixtu1~e per lb of dry!atr: From where wet- ··.11· .1!. · . · ·

bulb line joins saturation line, follow 75o· wet-bulb line upward to its ·.

total heat in· the mixture at any wet~bulb temperature is a great con-
venience, as the number ·of Btu .required to heat the· mixture and
humidify' as well as the refrigeration required to cool and dehumidify
the mixture, can be obtained by taking the <;lifference in total heat
before and after treatment ofthe mixture.
Grains of moisture ·per .lb of dry. air: .From intersection of 95°
r .· . ·. ·. .. . I

'.

dry-bulb and 75° wet-bulb temperature lines follow horizontal line to

right and readdirectly 99 grains of moisture per lb~ . . ...
. . Cu ft of mixture per·lb of dry air: At inte~section of 75°. wet~bulb.
and 9~ &:y-bulb lin~s read directly on diago,al lines 14.29 cu ft per
0

· lb, which .1s the specific

.
volume.
.
. . . .
· ·. . ·.
Copy<ight by Gen.,.al Elecl•i< Comp'"Y·· Reprodu"'1 h}· pennWion. I .

5-41
I ) .lngersoll-E>~Sser Pumps · Cameron Hydraulic Data

Requlr~ments in. .u.s; gpm ·. tof Bone·rFe11tHrig

.· . . . ... .. . .
' . . .
. .

.Boiler hp gpm· lb per hr Boiler hp gpm. lb per hr

..
50 4 1,725 2,soo· 172 86,250.
75 5 . ·.· · 2,587 · a.ooo· 207 ·.· 103,500
100 7 3,450 3,500 242 .. 120,750.
150 10 5,175 4,000 276. 138,000

175 12 6,037 . 4,500 310 .. ·. 155~250

6;900' 5,000 345 172~500
200
225
14
·16.
17
. : 7,762,
8,625 . · .·.
. . ..
10000
.15,ooo·
..
... ···689·
1,034
345,000
517,500
. 250
.. .. .. .. .. "
275.· 19 9,487 .· . ·20,000 1,387 690,000.
..
300 21. ·.• 10,350 .. ··.··2s.ooo.· ·.1~723·. ·862,500
350... 24 '.12,075 '35,000 . . 2;413 .. 1,207,500.
400 ·.·. 2a· 13,800 .. .. 40,00Q .. ~.759. 1,380,000
.. . -.
.. ·.·· 3,102
500 .· 34 .· 11.250.·. · .·- .45 '000.
. .
.1,550,000
53 ... 25,875 .• ·. •.. . ' 50,000 . •. 3,447 ·... · . .. . .1,72s,ooo
750
69 . ·. ·· .. ~ 34,500 ·.·. ...·60,000 ·.··. 4i136 .··· ··.· 2,070,000
1~000.
.t.500 . 104 ·. 51;750 ·. ·.. · 80,000 . . 5,515 .2.760,0QO
13.8 69,000 .·. 100;000 ·.· 6,894 ·3;450,000
2,000 1 ...
..
-
'. ~ . ..
· Note: (a) gpm is given fo the nearest whole nul'Tl.ber. ·
· (b) The above water quantities 'are based on, 34.S lb of watefevaporated . ·.
· per. hour from and at 21.2 deg F~ The.' weight of ;.one gallon of water··.
·is lfiken as being:fiQUal to 8.34 lb at 60 deg F. Intermediate water quan·
tities in gal per min :are obtainable by multiplying the boiler hp by .069.
(c) In selectirigboiler.f~~dp~mp~, . the tact thCitboilel'~ a~e'otten.runtwo . ·.·. ·
or three hundred percent of rating.should. be .takEm·into consideration.·.· ·
.. the above figures are Of ttie ~ctual boiler horS£tpower developed, . , .
(d) Boiler feed ,pmnp~ sh~uld ha~e pressure in excess ofthe boUer rated
·pressure in order
.
to compensate
.. . .
for frictional
. .'
losses, entrance
. .
losses
. ·' ..·
· regulating .valve losses, and normal st~tie head.. These should be
· ~pacified for a particular installation. '°'.lowever; for estimating purposes, .
the following are fair values: ·. · . · · . ·• , . . ·· · . · ·
. • · ·.. · Boiler Feed Pump · • .
··Boiler Pressure .· · ·...· Disc~arge Pressure ·

·. 200 .· '250 ·....·

. 400 475··
·eoo · ··925· .. ·.·
1200. '1350
1600 .. 1920 .
. 2000 2400
. 2400 2880.
3000. 3600

·:.

5-42
 .
•....:. l

..
1
!
, I I

••
' ;
I - - ---·- ; ...

'

·-~
;

•") II :

•..... ''
I j
!

·-·....•.
I I \ 'I
. l
\
}

,
' SECTION 6 - '
!
;

.
'

•\ .'
I

....•.
~· < .~

} - ELECIBICAL nATA ....

...•.,
~~-... I
11i I

•.
I 'I

. !

-
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,.
II
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) l .. li
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•<~·'
·~) I)
···\
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lngersoll·D~sser Pumps . •
J -
•~ ;•

•··) -

•.·~ J I.

•.•·1
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·~·
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:.
·J
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• l
i 6-1
--
I
 . . . .'

I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .· Cameron Hydraulic Data

·.. g•:
' .:c•
. ' ..
' .e:·
_.. ..
. .· . . .·· .· ·.· ... :· .·· . . . . . . . ·.. ····
· ··.·.' .. ·: . : . . ·... ·.· ..

e,.•
.CONTENTS OF SECTION 6 .·.
. . .. '
.:
'ti='
. .

Electrical Data .· ...

···.Page. .
Summaryof Electrical Formulas : ...•..•.. .'} . ... : . : ....... 6-3 · ·. ::.·.
t
Mo to~ Selections . . ~ . . ·.: . . . . . . : : . . · .•. .• ·~ . : . . ·. . . ·• ·. . . •. ·..·. . ·. 6-4 ·•·
Motor Efficiencies . . .. . . . . :· . . ~. •· . . . . .' . : ..~·. . . . . . . ; . . . . . . . 6-5 ... ·. tit
Motor Ch~racteristics >. ;:.. : . . .·. ;. :·. . . . .. : ..... : . ~ . ... . 6;.6 (
Full Load Currl'lilts· of Nlofurs . . . . . . . . >. . \. . . . : 0: . . . . . . : 6-8 · .. 6'
· Motor Wiring ..... ~ .· ·....... ·... · .. •.•.. <. >;.: ... ·.... ··: .·.• .• ~ ..... 6-9 .· · ... · ·. ·. . ·.· · .,,
MotorBranchCfrcuit Protection ; ... <· :· ........ •.. .: ..... 6-11 .· . c:;
· Properties of C~ndµctors . . . ~ . .· . . . '. ;· . ; . . . ; . . . . ·. . . . . ·. . . 6~12 . .. tit'
·. ~;;::::~:i~=~t~:l i::::=:y~:::t;~n .:.'. :::::::::::::{: •. ·. .•· 1:
ti
. • AllowableVoltiige and :Fr<!quencyVl!i.riations ........ · ...... 6'16
. Fi:ill Load speeds ofsy!l~ht-ollous M~furs . . . ... : . : . . . . . . : 6-17 • .
.
.. c
. ·. . NEMA Motor Frame Dimensions (T/'l'S) . . . . . . . , , . . 6: 18 & 6-19 . f•
d .atondr MF.roatmore. Dimensions . ·. ·.·..· . · / .~ : ....· .·. ·. · · ·».· ..• ....t h.. · ·. ·•. ·· .·. ». "·. ·...
.. • fBoerdNplEaMteAPaM. . .:· . . c·•';.·
. .. . . 0. . . 6 . . .. . . : . ._. ....... :• ... ·. . ·. ·. . . .. . . : , .. . .. 6-20· · ru.. 6-23 · · ;..
H.I.-> NEMA 'fype GFac~-Mounted Motors
Stand.ard Dime11sio11s ...... : , : .. , .... : ..... ,· ..•: . , .. : 6-24
. ·...... ·. ·.. · . r. <

_ · l
•

~i-~~:~:T'~~~:~~d~::~=~:~~:~:d·~~~i
Motor Standard. Dimension .... ; .... : ,. . '. . : ......• ...... 6-26
:..... i 6-25. • •· : '
·.· .•.,.,_:
Dimensions (HP-HPFI), ....... ~ . ·... '. . : . ·..~ .. .' .. : ..... ·. 6-27
~-
Standard Dimensions for NEMA Vertical Inline
I......
Motor Shaft Exteilsiorts (P-Base construction) . . : .. ' . . . ; . . 6-28 .

.
:~
. .* ,·
~,

r-.
·~:
I
.
..t i

. l
I 6-2 -:;Ii. ~
 ·Electrical Data
···,
•••••
........l

e:,
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~--;~~~~~~~~

Electrical Data
• •• Volt (E) is the unit of electric pressure or ¢lectromotive force. It
•..-~ ~')
is the potential which will produce a current bf 1 ampere through a
resistance of l ohin. · ·· I
•..
•.. j

• r\
, A mp ere (I) is the unit of electrical current. (toul ombs per sec) . ·
Ohm (R) is the unit of electrical resistancetvolts/ampere .
er.) Watts (W) and Kilowatts (KW) are units of·electric power.
Kilovolt-amperes (KVA) is a measurement of ~parent electric power.
•..
•()
er'
)
....,
·~··
K ilOwatt hour (Kwhr) is a unit of electrical enefgy or work performed .
Joule (J) metric unit of ene~gy =.watt per s,c. .
J

1 Kwhr = 2,655,000ft".'lb ·. l.341hp-hr - 3413Btu .· 3,600,000joules c :

..
\,

Ohm Law Relationships (direct current) i '

'

E =IR ~ W/I = .\/WR W = PR = E 2/R = EI ·

I= E/R = W/E'= VWiR ' '' R ~ Ell~ W/!2 = E 2/W
Electrical Formulas Symbols as above;: plus
eff = efficiency (expressed as a decimal) ·
. . I·
· pf= power factor (expressed as a. decimal)
hp . horsepower output· · I
~ltemating current . ·
Direct '
Required current Single-p ase 3·phase*

IE·t ·1.73 IE
Kva ---'!'"

·.
1ooq I
1000
IE IE(p) 1.73 IE(pf)
Kilowatts --1000 . 1001-1 1000
IE(eff) IE(eff) pf) , 1.73 IE(eff)(pf)
Horsepower (output)
746 746i 746
I
IE IE(eff){Pf) 1.73 IE (eff)(pf)
Joules - I
sec secI sec

746(hp) 746( p) 746(hp)

Amperes (hp known)
. 1 .73 E (eff)(pf)
E(eff) E(eff)(pf)
:
I
·.
-
1000 kw 1000 ~w 1000 kw
-
Amperes (kw known)·
E E(pf) 1.73 E(pf)

Amperes (kva known)

1000 kva 1000 kva
E 1.73 E

*.For 3-phase· systems E is measured line to line and I is phase current.

6~3
-·
 . . ' ·. ' . .. .

·I~ lngersoll-=Dresser Pumps Cameron Jiydraulic Data

. Motors operate successfully where· voltage . variation .. does . not . · ·

'exceed' 10· percent above or 'below' norniaI or where frequency vari-
ation does not exceed 5% above or below normal. The sum· of the · ·
voltage and frequency variation should not· exceed 10%. · .. . . •
·It should be. noted that such variations will affect· the operating
characteristics, such .a.s full· load· and starting ctnTent, starting and ·
breakdown torque, efficiency and power factor. ; ' .
.Standard ~otors are available meet a wide: variety ofconditions. • to
. In additio11, special motors may be bujlt to meet unusual conditions.* ...
It is wise ··to go to the motor manufacturer· with the conditions· of ·.
. operation.. · . . . .
Information required will include:· . ..
Voltag~ ~nd. fr.equency of ~urr~nt (including probable variations ·
' in frequency and v~ltage). ,' . ' .
· · Horsepower requirement of the driven machine. ·• .
Whether the.loadis continuous, intermittent or varying.
The operating speed or speeds~ · · . · ·•· · · ·
· Method of starting the motor ... ·. ··
·.· ··TY-Pe ofmotorericlosure~suchas drip~proof~ splash~proof;totally· ·.
enclosed, weather.protection, explosion proof, dust-ignition proof
or other enclosure.·· ' · ··
· The ambi~nt or surroun.ding temperatµre. ·. ·.
· Altitude of op.eration.. · · ·. .·, · . . . · ··.. · . . . . . . .. . .
· Any speCial conditions of heat, moisture, explosive, dust laden, ·. · .
· or chemicalladenatmosphere. · . ·.. . .· ·. · . · · ··. · · ·.
· Type of connection to driven machine. (direct, belted; geared, etc.)
Tran~mitted .b~a.i-irig load
'' etc.) ', ' ' . '
to
the motor. (overhung load, thi-ust,
' '' ' . ' '

Torque
..
,•. ·, . ' ..·· . . . . . . .

· Torque is the turnjng effort ~aused by a force acting normal to a

. radius at a set distance from the axis of rotati9I1. It can be expressed
in lb-ft (lb at ·a radius of 1 ft). The full-load torque of a motor is:

.·Full-load torque = 5250 x hp ..

. . . rpm
The locked rotor or starting torques are given in the tables on page· ·
6'."6 and 6-7. Abqve -250 hp ..
the locked
' . .
rotor torques
. .. .
·.
are . normally .
' . ' . . . .
• See page &-11.

I
···------
~4
.;.'
.
•. '>
•.:._
., ' . . . . '

. 70% of ~11 loag torque for 3600 rpm motors and 80% for 1800 rpm
motors. ·
' . - . _.

.
.

·
Electrical Data
.I
!
'

•.
1

It. is important to check the starting artd accelerating ·torque

requirements of the driven machine in ordert that a motor may be

.•..
,)
selected with adequate torque.
• . :!
,:-,
' '
Manufacturers can build motors with speciail torque characteristics
) if required. ·
··:j
"'
Motor speeds.
The synchronous speed of AC motors is determined by the number
of poles and frequency ..·

' ,· ·,· . :' ' 120 x f

Synchronous speed .·· 1where ..
' : ' '' p' '. ' '
··.f . frequency
. .. ·.· .
in. Hertz
.
(Hk)-(cycles)
. .I .
p = number ofpoles ·. · I ·.
. . I .. . .
· Induction motors will have full-load speed$ 2% to 5% below the
synchronous.speed. · .. · · ·.· · ·· .
'

l . .· '

. D-C motors have full-load base speeds whe; hot of 500, 850, 1150;
.1750, 2600 a~d .8500 rpm. In general the % s~p decreases as motor .
horsepower increases.· .. · · .• · · · . · .· · .· . .
·. See speed chart on page 6-16
. . .. . . . . . , : I . . . .. . . i
·Typical Efficiencies of Low Yoltag·e (230/460~ Three~Phase Motors I
. 'I
. II
. 3600 and·.1800.rpm • 1· .

! ' ' .

· · . Induction motors · Syn4hronous motors-unity pf

Horse- i
power Fu11 load % load Y2 load . Full lc?ad o/4 load Y2 load
1-2 76 75 71
3-5 80 "
80 77
10-25 ' 85 '85 82
25-50 87 87 86 87 ' 63 75
75-100 90.5 91 ·, 90.5 as.5 ' 88.5 84
125-200 91.5 92 91' 87! 80 80.5
201-500 ,· 92~93.4 91.8-93.4 90-91.5 93-95 3' I •
92.7-95 91-93.2
501-1500 '93-94.8 93-94.8 91-93 . 95-96.2 95-95.9' 93~95.2
·.
I

- &-5 ......
 . . . . .

· 1 • ingersoll·DresserPumps · ~aII1eron ·11yarau11c uata · ·

·. ·Typic,a_I Mot9r ~ha.rapt_~ristif:.~ _ · ___ .. ---·.

Single-phase~60 Hertz

Amperes~230 volt .·. ''

-
Approx torque~lb-tt
. . .

Approx NEMA
.: full Typical locked NEMA Locked· . . Breakdown·
Horse- load full rotor code Full rotor full-load
power rpm load (max) letter ·load. (min) .. ·.(min)
'

Y2 3530 3.5 25 N 0.75 2.3 2.0

.1730 4.0 L 1.52 5.3 3.6
.·1'140 .· 5.5 K 2.30 '.6.3 5.2

¥4 3520 4.8 35 L 1.12 ·, 3.1 2.8

5.5 K 2.27 7.4 5:2 .·. .
1735
1135 7;3 L .3.47 8.0 6.9

1 '3520 '6.0. 35 K 1049 ··3.8 3.6

1725' 7.3 3.04 9.0 .··6.8.
1155 8.4. 4.55 .· 9.5' 9.2
-
J .. 2.25' 4.5 4;5
1V2 3500 8.4 ... 50 4.59 12.5
1715 . 10.4' 10.r
1150 12.5 '.·~ 6.85' 13.0 13.8

2 3495 10.8 65 J 3.00- ' 5.5 '"

. 6.0
1745 " ' 12.0 ·.:·
.. s.02 . "
- 16.0 '13;0 .··
'1155 15.2-·, "
9.09 16.0 ." 18.o·
3 3510 15.6 90 H ·. 4.49' "
7.5 8.6
·1730 17.0 .9.10 22 19.0
1155 17.5 13.6 · ,· 23 ''
25.8.
<135 G 7.5 11 <13.5
''

.. 5 :~ ':;
3500 22 "

·1740 23 15.0 ', 33 .30.0

1145 22 22.9 .33 >40.5

7Y2 3500·. 31 ..... '200 G '' '11.2 ·.. 16 ' 20.0

'' 1750 ·30 .·22:s" 45·.' ·.. 45;0
·"
.· . ··20 .
...
10 3530 42 260 ,• G " 14.9 .·;
27;0
•,· 1750 '45. 30.0 52;5• •' 60.0
'·

" "

· Three-phase,.-60 Hertz (NEMA design B)

. · Amperes~460 volt
Approx torque~lt>-ft ·
··.Approx NEMA
· full Typical locked . NEMA . · Locked Breakdown
Horse- load full . rotor. code·· · Fun . ··•·· rotor full-load·
power•·. ··rpm load (max) letter. load ·.•·.(min)· . (min)

1 '' 3510 1.6 15 N 1.50 ··.· 3.00 . 4.5

'1750
1140
'1.8
1.9
3.03•
4.60 . 7.82
8~33 " 9.09'
12.2
"
1V2 3455· 2.2 20 M 2.27 3.97 5.68
1735' 2.3 '' .•.. 4.58' ' 11.5. 12.8
1160 2.6 6.79' '11.2 17.0
2 3495 2.8 ···25 L '3.00' 5.1 7.2
1725 3.1 ·, 6;09 '14.3 ·16.4
1155 3.3 9.09 14.5 ,· 21.8
''

3 3475 4.1 32 K 4~50 7.2 10.4.

1755 4.6 8.97 ,· 19.3 22.4
1155 ' 4.8 13.6 '21.1 31.3

6-6
 ·. Electrical Data l~.
f··
.
J
I . I
Typical Motor Characteristics (¢ontinued)
. . .. . . I
Three-phase_;60 Hertz (NEMA desig~ B)

Amperes-460 volt I · Approx torque lb-ft ·

Approx NEMA . (Starti:y)

full Typical ·tocked NEMA · Lock Breakdown
Horse- load full rotor code · Fl II rotor full-load
power speed load max fetter lo; Id (min) (min)
'
5 3500 6.7 ..a.o J 7.5 11.3 16.1
1745 7.1 1~.0 27.5 33.8
1155 8.1 ~.7 34.1 48.8
'
7Vi 3510 10.3 63.5 H tl.1 15.5 22.2
1740 10.4. ~.6 39.6 48.6
1165 11.2 313.1 50.6 69.1
10 3515 13.2 81.0 .. H 1~.9 20.1 29.8
1740 13.6 30.1 49.7 60.2
1160 15.3 4;'5.3 88.0 90.6'
.1
15 3505 20.1 116 G ~2.4 29.1 '44.8
. 1750 21.1 ~5.0 72.0 90;0
1170 21.3 7.1 93.9 134
20 . 3540 25.7 145 ,f '
24.7 32.1 49.4
1755 26.2. G $9.8 89.7 119.6
111'.0 ' 26.5 G ... 89.5 120.8 179.0
I

25 3540 '' 31.3 182.5 ' F ,7.1 ' 48.2 74.2

1760' 31.6 G .4.4 . 111.6 148.8
1175 33.9 F 111.8 150.9 223.6
'
30 ' 3545 32.0 217.5. F ' 44.4' 57.7 88.8
1760 37;5 G $9.3 134.0 178;6
1175 39.8 ·G 1~.o 181;0 268
'
40 3550 . 47.8 290 (3 . $9.2 80.0 118.4'
1no. 54.4' F 118.5 166.0 237.0
1175 . 52.5 G· 179.5 242.0 359.0'
J

'50 3555 60.4 362 F 73.9 88.7 147.8

1770 . 64.8 G .1f.9 207 . 295.8
1170 64.0' G 2 I 3.0 ' 301 446.0
.· i
60 3555 72.5 " 435 G ~.6 106 177.2
1775' 75.5 ' 1 .0 248 354
1175 80.0 2$7.0 347 534
'
· 1~o:s
',

75 "3560 86.5 542 .G 116 221

1780 91.0 222.0 311 444
1175 96.0 333.0 450 666
100 3550 113 725 G. 1j41.o 154 294
1ns 119 296.0. 370 592
. 1180 122 . 4,44.o 555 888
125 3560 147 907 G ' 1!84 184 368
1780 ,• 151 369 406 738
1175 154 ~58 698 1116
150 . 3560
1ns
1175
171
172
' 188
1085 G
'
tl .·
i
8
. '221
'488
802.
442'
888
1336

200 3560 230 1450 G ~94 294 588

1775 ' 226 444 444 888 .
1175 241 $90 1063 1780
I

250 3560 284 1825 G ~68 188 469

1775 280 738 738 H76
1180 296 H11
I
... .. ....
300 3550
1775
335
337
2200 G t2
I

87
309
710
na_
1552
I
350 3560 384 2550 G ~16 361 903
1760 406 1P42 834 1823
I
400 3555 435 2900 591 414
1760 470 1~89 951
From General Electric and National Electrical Code.
6-7
 I ·~·. lngersoll·DFesser Pumps · Cameron Hvdraulic Data ·•· .I

·Approx Full Load Current of Electric Motors-

Three-phase....:. .AC motors Direct current motors

Amperes· Amperes
Horse· .Horse·
power 115 v 230 v · 460 V. 575 v 2300 v power '90 v 180 v. : 240 v 550 V·

1/2· 4.0 2.0 112 6.8 3.4 2.7 -

¥4 5.6 2.8
1.4 1
¥.11 9.6
.12.2
4.8 3.8 ·-
1 7.2 3.6 1:8 6.1 4.7 1.8

·11/2 10.4 5.2 2.6 2.1 1V2 8.3 6.6 ., 2.6

2 13.6 6.8 3.4 2.7 .. 2 10.8 8.5 3.4
9.6·· . 4.8. 3.9 . 3
3 '.
'
.. 16 12.2 5.0

' .. 5 15.2 7.6 6.1 5 27 20 8.2

71/2 22 11 9 7V2 , · 29. 12
10 28 14 11 10 - 38 16

15 42 21· 17. 15 56.: · ...·.23

20' 54 27 .22 20 74 .31
25 68 . 34 27 25 92 38

30 80 40, 32 30' 110' 46

40 104 52 41 :40 146 : 61
50 130 '65 52 50 : 180 ', 75 ''

60 154 77 62 16 ,60 '. 215 .· 90

75 96 77 .20 75 268 :.. :111
I ,'

100 · 124 99 '' 26. I· 100 357 '·'148

:

: ... "

125 156 125 31 .. 125· 443· 184

150 '.180 ·. .144' 37 150 . 220
200 240' 1.92 49 200 295
.... ···. '' " ''
,•'

Synchronous type AC motors •..·

Single-phase..:...Ac'motors · .unity power factor· . ·' ·
'
Amperes· Amperes ,'

Horse- Hor~e-
power 115 v 230 v 1: power 220 v . . 440 v 550V. 2300V
v.. 5.8 ..• 2.9 25 ' ~4 21·. 22 '"·
1/2 '' s.a· 4.9
"

30 ..·55 33 .26
¥4 13.8 6.9 ,. 40 86 ·.· 43 35 '

1 16 8 50: ' '108 '54 44 -12

. W2
2
20
24
10
12
. ..
:
•'
60
75
128
161
64
81 .·.
'.·. ,' 51
65
"

'' 15
3 34 17 100 ., ', 211 106 ·.··es.· 20.
5· 5'1 ,·. 28 : 125 .· 264· 132 106 25
71/2 BO 40 150 - 158 127 30 .· .
·. .,
: " .. :

10 10!) 50 " " ,200 .210 168. 40'

'·

From 1975 NaUonal Electrical Code~ Tables 430-147, 148; 150. For motors running at.normal speeds with
. normal torque characteris~ics .. Motors built for low speed or high torque may requite more current. · ·· · · · ·
• For
. .
synchronous
..
motors . with 0.90 or 0.80
: .. .
power factor multiply
.
current
.
shown by 1.1 and 1.25 . respectively
.. .
..

I 6-8
 I Electrical Data· .i
I.
I i

. ·Motor Wiring
No t more th an 3 con d uct ors n raceway, ca e or di rec t burI a I
Based on ambient temperature of 30C (86F)
.
:

Branch circuit
Minimum wire
Approx full-load
current, amps
size, type THW
orRHWAWG I.
protection
Iaverage setfmg-

amps
I
Horse- .i Horse- ~
power x1.01 x1.25 Cu
I Al !Fuse
! I Breaker power I

115 volt-Single-phase lnductiorl Motors t

9.8
I
l

I.'
V2 12.3 14 12 ' 30 15 V2
% 13.8 17.3 12 10 30 %
1 16 20 12 10 I 40
45 30 1
1V2 20 25 10 10 I 60 30 1V2
2 24 30
30 10 8
I 80 2 ;,

3 34 42.5 8 6 110 50 3
5 56 70 4 3 150 :100 5
7V2. 80 100 3 1 225 100 7V2
10 100 125 1 210 300 150 10

230 volt-Single-phase
.
lnductio~I Motors
.

V2 4.9 6.1 14 12 15 15 V2
1
% 6.9
8
8.6
10
14
14
12
·12 I
I
I
20
20
15
15 ,
' :Y4
10
I 30
1V2 12.5 14 12 15 1V2
2 12 15 14 12 I 35 15 ·z
3 17 21.3 10 10 I 50 30 3
5 28 35 8 8 ! 80 50 5.
7V2 40 50 6 6 1. 110 50 7V2
10 50 62.5 6 4 ' 150 100 10

. 230 volt-Three-phase Squirrel-Cage l~duction Motors

'

1 ' 3.6 4.5 14 12 15 ' 15 1

1V2 5.2 6.5 14 12 15 15 1V2
2 6.8 8.5 14 12 20 15 2
3 9.6 12 14 12 30 ·, 15 3 I
5 15.2 19 12. 10 45 '30 5 I
I
lI
7V2 22 '27.5 10 8 60 30 7V2
10 28 35 8 ·a ' 80 50 10 r:Jl
,.
15 42 52.5 6 4 125 50 15 t'
'
t:

~ ;~
20 54 67.5 4 3 'i 150 100 20
25 68 85 4 2 I 200 100 25

., I;:'
i. .
i ':.
30 '80 100 3 1 ! 225 100 30
40 104 130 210 I soo 150 4'0 -
50
60
130
154
162.5 210
3/0 .
4/0 I sso 150
225
50
60
i.
i!l i
192.5 250 MCM I 400
!1 '
Table from General Electric, based on section 4~0-22 and Table 430-147 from j '

National Electric Code. · · I ·

Column entitled x1.25 multiplies full load current by 1.25 to aid in selecting
motor branch circuit conductors. I ·
Wire size based on-conductors-having 75C insula~ion. 6·9

1
 . . .

· .1 ~· lnger$oll·Dresser Pumps Cameron Hydraulic Data

Motor Wiring (Continued)

· Not more than 3 conductors in a cqnduit; cable or raceway . ·
· Based on ambient temperat"'re of 30C (S&F) .· · · ·.

Minimum··· Branch circuit

·.• wire size . protection .
Approx full-load.. .type THW or average setting-.· .
..
current, amps AHW AWG amps
Hors~ Horse-
power· x1.0 ! ·. xt.25 ·•· Cu 1. Al • ·Fuse .. 1 ·Breaker power

.·460 volts-Thr~phase Squfrrel Cage Motors·

1 •· 1.8 2.3 14 ·. 12 .• . 15 . ·. 15 1
1Y2 .. 2.6 ·.3.3 14 . 12 .· 15· ·. 15 1V2 •
2 3.4 4,3 . , 14 .. 12' .··. ·. 15 . 15. 2
3 ...·..·. 4.8 6 .· 14 1.2 15 .·. ·.. .·. 15 . . . 3.
5 7.6 . 9.5· 14, , .. 12 .. 25 15 .. 5 .
/" '·

.. 7Y2 .. · ·11.·· ·'13.8 .14, . 12 .··• . ·.... · 35 . . 15 . • ·. 7V2.···

10. 14 17.5 '• 12 10 , , 45 ·.·.· 30 ·10 ..
. 15 21 , 26.3 .. 10 '.' . 8 60 • 30 •. 15 .
. 20 ·'
: ·25·
..27
,..·. ·34·
33.8 a•··
.· .. 8
, 8 : 80 , . 50
·.·. 50 .
. 20··
.· 42.5 .·· ">6
.''•1''.-·: ,.
.110 25

30 40 50 ·s 6 .. , 150 . •',. 50 .· 30,

40. '52 65 ..s.-·.. . 4, . :175 100 .·. . '40
50 , 65 .. 81~3 .·. 4 .· .. 2,, .· .. 200 100' ···.so ·
60 •. . . 77 . .· 96.3 .3 ... " 1: > 225 100 .. . 60
75 .· .. ·. 96·· ·. 120 1 .· .· 300 75

100 , 124.. ·, 155. 2/0 , .•. 350. . 100

·.·125 156 .. 195 •. '3/0. . 400··· .··125
, 150. 180 ·. 225 ..4/0 , . , . 150 i

, 200. . 240. . .·300. 350'·· . 200 ..·

Table from General Electric, based on se'ction 430,.22 and Table 430· 147 from ·
National Electric Code.· ... ···· · ..... · • >> > ·· ·.···· . . . ·.·•···· · · .·.·.·· . · .... ·.·. ·. ·· ·. · • -..
. Column. •entitled.· x 1.25 multi plies ful I lqad, current by 1;25. to aicj in selecting. . .
motor branch circuit conductors. · ·· ·• · ..... ·. ••·· · ··. · .. ·... ·. ·. ·.
Wire size based Qn conductors having 75C insulation~ .· ·

.·. ,.

6-10
 ·.•Electrical· Uata

Motor Branch Circuit

.. .
Pro~ecti~n Devices I
Maximum rating or setting
I

I Percent of full-load current

Non· Dual his tan·
time. element taneous Inverse
delay. (time-delay) type time
Type of motor fuse fuse breaker breaker

Single-phase, all types ,. ,•

No code·ietter ••..•........••.••...•......••••..•.••... 300 175 700, 250
All AC single--phase, and poly-phase squirrel cage and
synchronous• motors with full-voltage, resistor reactor
starting · ·
No cOde letter and codes F to V ....................... 300 175 700 250
Code letters B to E .............................. .............
~ 250 175 700 200
Code letter A ••••••...••.•....••.•.•...........•••••.

All AC squirrel cage and synchronous· motors with auto

150 150 700 150
.ii
i
'

transformer starting . . ... ! '

Not more than 30 amps-no code letter· •••..•.•••••.• 250 175 700 200. i '
I
Over 30 amps--no code letter •••••••• ~ ..... : .•• ; ..... 200 175 700 .· 200 ~
I

!.
· Over.30 amps-codes F to v ......................... 250 175 700 .200.
Over 30 amps-codes B to E ......................... 200·· 175 700 . 200 ..
•.I

Over 30amps-codes A ................................... 150 150 700 150 .

, High-reactance squirrel cage motor . . . · . ' .

Not more tha_n.30 amps-no code •..•••..••.•••........ 250 I 175 700 . 250
Over 30 amp~- no code ............ ; ••••...• , ; ........ 200 r 175 700 200
. I

Wound-rotor ..
No code letter •.••••.•..••••.....•• '. .••••••••••.• ·.. :. ; . ·.- 150. I
i
150 700 150.
i
Direct-current motors
· Not more than 50 hp-no code ....... , ............. ~ ... i 150
. 150 250 150
150 !I
Over 50 hp- no code ...•••• : .........•.• : .. : '. .........

from National Etecttlc Code-1975: . . · · .· · ·I ·

150

• Synchronous _motors of the low-torque. low-speed type (usually 450 rpm or lower) which start unloaded
· ·· .
175 150
· · . 1111
· · ··
do not require a fuse rating or circuit·breaker setting In excess of. ~00 percent of full-load current. Such
.· -.
motors are often used to drive reciprocating compressors, pumps, etq.
. I ·

·1
!
. .I...
Wet-and CannedType.!Motors
I
I
MQtors. are available, or can be designed! and built, of either 'the
"canned" type or "wet" motor type when seal-less or wet motor gland-
less type pump and motor assemblies may b~ required due' to difficult
stuffing bo:x packing problems. ·. · ·, .·. . · ._ . l ·. · · ·
Toxic liquids at high pressures and temperatures may require a
hermetically. sealed ''canned'' type pump an~ motor- assembly.
For water at high pressure and temper~tures such as on boiler
Circulating service it may be desirable to us~ a "wet" motor glandless
type pump and motor assembly. · . I • · ·. . ...
· In all cases where unusual or difficult pumpjproblems may be involved
the pump manufacturer sh:ould be consulted.

6-11
 I~· lngersoll·Drt!Ss~rPumps. ·•Cameron Hydral1lic Data:
. .

...•. ·.:
-·c
··

-'·· . -~Properties

Concentric lay .
conductors
of Conductors

Bare conductors
"•

.DC resistance or1ms/M

at 25=c (77°F)
tt
..• -~
:

Size
AWG
MCM.

18
Area
Cir
mits

1620
No.
wires
Diam ...
each
wire·
inches
Diam
inches

·.0403
Area
sq
inches·

.0013
Bare

6.51
Copper

6.79
Tm"d
Alum1-
num

10.7
e:i-
c~
16 2580 .0508. .0020 4.10 4.26'. .6:72

--
14 4110 .0641 .0032 .· 2:57 .· 2.68. 4.22. ·.
12 6530 .0808 .0051 1.62 . 1.68. 2.66
10 10380 .1019. .0081 1.018 .1.06 1.67
8 16510 .1285 .0130 ,6404 .659 ..
1.05

6
4
26240
41740
7
7
.0612
.0772
•"

.184
.232
.027
.042
' A10.
.259
.427
.269
.674 ·. ·
.424 ..
."
·1·· \

52620 7 ... 0867 .260 .053" .. 205 "• . .213 ..336

3
2 6636o 7 .0974 ·.. 292 .067 ;162. .169 . .266 •'· .
1 83690 19 .0664 ..· .332 .. .087 ;129·. .134 ~.211
fl .
0
00
105600
. 133100
19
19
.0745
.0837"-
.372;
.418.. · .
.109
.137
.102
.0811
.106 ..
.0843
"•
... 168
;133 ·: c·;
000
0000
167800
211600
. 19 ..
19
.0940 .·
.. 1055
.470 . 173
.528 .. . ·.219
.0642
··-.0509
.0668
:0525·
.· .105 •..
.0836
·----
..

,).
.. .
250. 250000 37 ·· .. 0822 .575 .260 .0431
.. .0449 . •. ~0708'
300 ..
350 .
400
300000
350000
400000
37
37
37
.09.00
.·.0973
. .1040.
...
.630
·.. 681 "
.728
.312 .
.364
A16--··
.0360 .·
.0308
.0270
.Q374
.0320'
.0278 .
.0590
.0505
•" .0442 : ·.. _·
·····t_·
.

500 500000 37 :1162 .813<· .519 ..0216 .0222. ..0354

600
700
750
800
600000
700000
. 750000
·800000
61
61
61
61
.0992
.1071
.1109
. ·.1145
;
.893
.964
..998
1.030.
. .626 .·
.730
..· .782
·.833
.
.0180
.0154
.0144.
:0135
•,
:0181
:0159
.0148
.0139
.. 0295
:0253
·.· .0236
. :0221:·
. ·1·~.
... ·. .,. ,1

900 900000 61 . 1215 1.090 . ·. .933. ..0120 . .0123 .. .0197 .... . ·'

1000 1000000 61 .1280 .. 1:1so · . 1.039' ... .0108 .0111 · .0177 -~·
1250.
1500
1750
1250000
1500000·
1750000
91
91
127
.1172 . •.
.1284
.1174
1.289 .
1..410
· 1.526
1.305
1.561
.. 1.829
.. 00863.
.00719
.00616
...00888
.00740
.00634
.0142;
.0118.
-.0101
. .-t~:
I.
2000· 2000000 .. 127 .1255. 1.630 2.087 .00539 ··.00_555. .00885
The resistance values given in the last three columns are applicable only to direct current. When conductors
larger than No: 4/0 are used with alternating current the_ multiplying factors on page 6-13 .should be.
used to compensate for skin effect.
·--1·(
':. .';

--~
·. -.··
.· • 1·
·. t-
· [
l
-~
f
-~
-6~12---·

t
............
a·.·
··.:.' Electrical Data
I!
. . -. I .
Multiplying FactQrs for Converti~g Resistance to
60-Hertz AC Resistance
I .
These apply to table on pagr 6-12

Multiplyin~ factor
I

For nonmetallic For metallic sheathed

sheathed cables in air or cables or all cables
nonmetallic conduit in metal! ic raceways

Size Copper Aluminum · I Copper Aluminum

·Up to 3AWG 1. 1. 1. 1.
2 1. 1.
'
1.01 1.00
1 1. 1. 1.01 1.00

0 1.001 1.000 l ''

1.02 1.00
00 1.001 1.001 1.03 1.00
000 1.002 1.001' 1.04 1.01
0000 1.004 1.002 ,' 1.05 1.01

250MCM 1.005. 1.002 1.06 . 1.02

300MCM 1.006 1.003 . 1.07 1.02
350MCM '. 1.009 1.004 1.08 1.03
400MCM 1.011 1.005 .· 1.10 1.04
SOOMCM. 1.018 1.007 .· 1.13 1.06
'

600 MCM ' 1.025 1.010 1.16. 1.08

700MCM 1.034 1.013 1.19 1.11
750 MCM 1.039 1.015 1.21 1.12
800 MCM 1.044 1.017 1.22 1.14
I
1000 MCM 1.067 1.026 1.30 , .19 '
1250 MCM 1.f02 1.040 1.41 1.27
1500MCM '1.142 1.058 .· 1.53' '1.36
1750MCM. 1.185 1.079' 1.67 1.46
2000MCM 1.233 1.100 1.82 ' 1.56
I
'

6-13
·. I J. lnger.oll·Dresser Pumps . ·c·~II1eron: Hydraullc ~Data.·~·······.
Not. more than three conductor~ in raceway cable or direct burial
. ·(Based on ambient
'
30C (86F) . . ·--- ..: .
'
ternpr~tfjre.of
. ,. ; . ' . '
-.~..
.
:~·
.. ., .

Temperature. rating .of conductor.

soc 75C ··• 85-90 C 11oc· 125C 2ooc·

140F 167F 185-" 194 F ·· 230F ...
·.
257F. 392F
Types of insu~ation ·

i"11
RH ·.. V. ·.·
RHW · AVB.·•· .
RUH TA, SA
RUW THW TBS
T .THWN RHH
Size AWG· TW XHHW
USE ...
··.THAN AVA Al A·
orMCM UF XHHW AVL. AIA 'AA
16. .... .. . •':• 22·.
30 ', .· ,., 30
. .......
~'

14 .··' 15 15 25t'·· .. 30
.12 ' 20 ,• 20 '30t' 35' 40 40,
10 30 30 .,
40t ... 45 '• 50: ··.ss
8 40. 45 so.· 60 ,. 65 :
··:,:... 7·0.:.
.... _

''

6 55 65 70 .• 80 85 ,, 95
4 ,..• 70 85 90.· ·,'' 105 115' ·120'
3 80 100 '' 10s.··.· .· 120 .130 · 145'
2 '·
95 '' 115 .120' 135 145 165'
.. 130
'.

1 .110 140 ·.• 160· '.170 ',190 •.

' ' ''

" 1/0 125 150 .... 155 190 '200 225\

··210 '• 145 175.·' 185 . •. ' 215 ·.·.···230• 250 .
'3/0 165 200 : 210 245 265 · 2as··
.·410 '195' 230 ··235'•, 275 310 ·· .. 340

250 •.. 215 '' 255 :

210·.
'. 300·····
315 335 ~··· ...
300 ·. ··.240 .285 345· 380
350 260 310 < 325 '.' . 390 '• 420
400 280 335 360' ' .420 . . 450 .:
...... ..

500 ·. 320. 380. 405 ···470· 500

'.
. ;.
'
..

.·soo 355 420 ·455~~ , ··. 525 545

700 385 '.460 490. 560 ·' .600
750 400 ·: 475 500 580 620
800 '.410 490. 515 600 640
900 435 520 ·555
"•

1000 455 .·545

590··,
585 '680· 730 .....''
1250 495 645
·1500 520 625 700 785
1750 545 650 735 . ....
'

2000 560 ··sss 175 840

. Correction factors for room temperatures over 30°C
oc oF
40 ' 104 .. 0.82' ' 0.88 . 0.80 0.94 .Q.95
45 ' 113 0.71 •o.a2 '0.85 0.90 0.92
50 122 0.58 0.75.' 0.80 '' 0.87 ' '0.89 '
Condensed from National Electrical Code-Tables 310-16 and 310-13.

6-14'
 Electrical Data ' .'
'
I
I

General Effect of Voltage and Frequehcy Variation on ·

Induction Motor Characte~istics* · ·

-i-~-i-~r'..,_~-t-~-+-~--1 ~
! I

U> .., N 0 ~ "i 1~ "'

I

:J::>NYW~O~.ad l:IOlON NI 3!>NVH::> J.N3d.ad

I
I

~
I

Cll
-·
""
.....
"'
,,..
C> '<I' <O
'
i
i
N
- ~

~ONVWl::IO:ll:i3d t:!OlOW NI 3~NVH::> J.N30~3d'

I

I
l
*The reference point for voltage ''ariation and freqJency variation of the power
supply is understood to be the rated voltage and frequency as given on the
motor nameplate. . I .
This data shows general effect which will vary sof11ewhat for sp~cific ratings.

I
.....
 .: . . .

·1~. lngersoll·Dres~er Pump$

·.. ' ' . ' . .. ' . :. . . •, . '• .'

.· · Cameron Hvdraiilic Dafa .

·:. ·. .

· ......•.
. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . ·., . . . al . '·': .
~'
•••
..
· - Allowable Variations from Rated·· · ·.c..,
· ·Voltage and F"reql1e~cy · · ·.·. ..,,,~,

. ' . . . ·_ . .·_ ·. .. ' . . ... " .. ·. . ·. , ' ... · ·. . ·. .

Motors. will operate successfully. under the. following conditions ~f .

·.·.·A
~
..
·. voltage and frequency variations, but not necessarily in ·accordance
with the standards established for operation at normal rating. . . -~
Where the variation in V'oltage does not exceed 10 percent above or
..below normal (6 percent·for small power univerSal motors) .
S-
.Where the frequency variation does not exceed .5 percent (lbove or ·• ·
· · · below normal · · . · · . ·· . · · · · ·. · ·. •. ·. .· . .: . · · ·. . . · · . ·
· · Where the .sum of the voltage and frequency variation .does· not· · ·•.....· .
exceed 10 percent (provided the variation in frequency does not ex-.·.
.. ceed 5 percent) above or below norm,alratings as. stamped Ort motor . .
-.:,. .. JI..-.. . .

· .namep. 1a t''e. ·. . . · .. . .. · ..· . . . . .· ..·.·. . . . • . · .. .· . .· .· .. · . ',; . .·

.·-.. . . ·.!·.· . .·
·. ·.

· .The charts show. the. approximate effects of yaria.tions in voltage · · . -- '~.

· and frequency on motor characteristics: The~e •values should in ·llo . ·. ·

way be considered as gu.arantee!:L .· .. . . . . •. . ·.·
. ·. ,,· .'·

. '·
., . ,,.~ '· ...\
..

· Motor Speeds .· • - .... ',: ..' ...... ,

. ·~

,
. £''
: ' . ·- .. ·~

. . ·. AC- Motors. The synch~.onous speed of a-c IIlotors is determined. by . · .

. the number of polesand frequency.. . . . . . .. · . . . ' .
· · · . . . .. .; ..

·. Synchronous speed ... 120 x f . ..• i ....

.. ·. . . . .. ·. ip ... '. : . ,.;.

where f . frequency in Hertz (Hz) (cycles) .

.· . :.f-
· p = number of poles of the motqr ..· d •••• ,
C~
: .-.··:. :- -
·.~

. l. ' ' ,"

I 6-16
 ·.Electrical Data

Full-Loa·d Speeds of Synchronous Motors

I
. . i
Full-Load Speeds of Synchronous Motors
No. of
poles Hertz (Hz)
25 36 40 4550 60 100.
2 1500 .1800 2400 2700 3000 3600 ......
4 750 900 1200 1350 1500 1800 3000
6 500 600 800 900 1000 1200 2000
8 375 . 450 600 . 675 I 750 . 900 1500
i
10 . 300 360 480 540· i 600 ·720 1200
I
12 250 300 400 450
I 500 .soo· 1000
14 214.3 257 343 386· I 428.6. 514.2 853.2 I
16 . 187.5. 225.· 300 337.5 375 450 750 l

18 .166.6 . 200 266.6 300 333.3 . 400 666.4 I

r •
20 150 180 . 240 270 300.·. ·,350 600 II
.
.· . . 1 .. · i
. . . . •, ' ~. .- . .. .. '
I
Induction motors will have full-load speeds offrom 2 to 6% less I
than the above, average 4% less. · I ·. . · .· · .
I ;i
f
. . l
. : . l

· D-C Motors will have standard f~ll~load Peeds, when hot, of: 575,
850, 1150, 1750, and 3500rev perm1n (rpm)r . .

·At normal temperature, rated load and Jltage the variation above
or below the above full-load motor speed~ may not exceed 7%o/o in I
motors up to 7·% hp at 1150 rpm, and 5% in motors larger than 7% hp . I
. I
I

at 1150 rpm.

. !
.i
II
I ~ .
'

I
 I ;) lngersoll·Dresser Pumps ·.. ·• Camer,on Hydraulic Data
· .. ·.. _.··,

. ?;
.lt···· . . ::c· .
x
··.: ., : ·'

. . u.

.·~•
L_j
•...•.·. . ·.····~>Nell .
: .
··. . '· ,· '•
- ' ''

~··. 6 . . --ti.··.·.·.····
. ~··-····-·1.'

,....---......

·w
.
. ( ..,,.
·.--____
·. I

. I .

I 6-18
...
•~:,_:~'.}'~'~~~~~,,;.,·~!~"-'-~'~·-'-·'~'-~.l!!~<;'-~~~f!·,1. _~-0''';11~1-."':~'! ,,..,,.
--------- ------ ' '.· ' - . . . '. .
!!<',_ ,_:ff··'·'~~.:,,.
- . -

NEMA Motor Frame Dimen.sions (T/TS)

=:=:.-:::--=-----------------·-·- ~ ~ =-=~~==-===--:=-=.·:-;: =:--=-:-::--·:.·:;-:::::-.-:::=:-:--:.:.=::=:=::=-_.-:-:--=.::::-:;:-=.;-··-:::-:-··· -:=-;--_-===:·."':.·-:.::.:.·~: ··: ··-:·----=. ;·" :::.-:

(M~Xl .'I
x xI B I I (NEMAJ I a.· ,.. c· IWEIGHTI !N·WJ I u I(NEMA)
s I(NEMA)
D
tNEMA) B
(MAXI
FRAME/FTTOC·l1 WIDTH ·1 LENGTH ISHAFTTOISHAFTTOI FOOT
(MIN~ --I IMAX)
FOOT I CLMTRTO OISBETN
J•.
(MAXI
BOLT .,. FOOT lTOTAL
I

I
K·
CllAAXI
1·
INEMAI
E

I
2F
(NE.MAI.
··--
I
H
kMIN·MAXl
·-- -- ·- _ __: __ (MA)() IAVGI (NEMAl I (NEMAJ

I .I SHA"T SHJ\ff I I KEY KEY I

ES

CNEMAI HEIGHT FTTOfT. FT TOFT FROFFT BKOFFl' WIOTH LENGTHSOLT-WOTH BOLT·LGTH HOLEDIA TKNESS ENGfH LBS EXTN DIA WIDTH LENGlH

143T 350 70 60 350 950 1501·150 275 400 034 12· 44 13 50 60 225 00150 0·188 · 141
4.00 1000 I 50 1 50 2 75 400 034 12· 44 14 50 60 2 25 0 8750 0 188 I 41
145T 350 70 60
-- -- ·- - ...
182T
184T
---··--...-·
--m·
.
4 50
4.50
. 90
90
65
7.5
450
450
It 00
1200.
1 88
1.88
I 75
175
3 75
3.75
450
550
0 41
-041
"'~
44-62
.44· 62
··- -~
1594
15 94
··---- .
95
120
-- ~ .
2 75
2 75
·~ -- ~
1 1250
11250
.- -- ..
0.250
0250
--. -
I 78
1 78

213T 5 25 105 1 s· 588 1388 200 2~ 4~ 5 50 041 44-69 1961 135 338 I 3750 0312 241
2151 5 25 105. 90 588 14 88 200 288 4~ 7 00 041 44- 69 2000 150 338 13750 0312 241

254T
?561
6n
6~
12s
12.5.
1oe·
. 125
700
700
17 81
1950
2U
2U
3~
3H
500
soo
8 25
1000
o 53 ·
0 53 .
I 56· 88
56 88
n 75
25 50
200
ns
400
400
16?!:1
10;.>s
0375
o.315
?fll
nn

28415 100
700
140
14 0
12.5
12 5
650
7 88
1900
2038
288
288
3~
3~
s~
5~
!l 50
950
0 53
0 53
I.
5 I0
5- I 0
24 81
27 69
300
300
325
4 62
1625
I 815
0375
0 500
. 191
3 78
284f
- ~

286TS 700 14 0 140 650 2050 288 JD sm 11 00 053 5·10· 2631 340 3 25 1 6<'5 0 37 S I !11
140 T 88 :n88 2~ 3~ 5~ II 00 053 ~ I0 211\2 340 4 6:l I Ill!> Cl f10Cl J :>II
286T 700 14 0

324TS 800 160. 140 7 25 2125 325 J 88 6 25 1050 066 62-1 12 28 19 465 I 3 1s , a15 I o soo I 2 03
324T 800 160 . 140 8 75 22 75 .3 25 3 88 625 '1050 . 066 62· I 12 29 69 465 525 12125 0500 391

326TS 800 160

160
15.5
15.5
7 25
75
22 75
24 25.
325
3 25
388
388
625
6.25
1700
1200
1 · 066
066
.62· I 121 29 69
62-112 3119
I 480
480
I 3 75
525
11
2125
87!) I 0 500
0500
I 2 OJ
391
326T ~00

364TS 9.00 18.0

180
I 15_3
.153·
63
9 75
2288
2500
400
400
400
400
700
700
11 25
I 1 25
066 .
0 66
I· .88-125 I 31 31
88· l.25 33 44
695
695
I 35 1588 I2' 875
375
I o0 500
625
I 24 o328
364T 900 - . ........ ~.. .
180 16 3 763 2388 400 4 00 100· 12 25 066 I .88-125 3194 . 745 I 375 101s I 0500 I 203
36515 9.00 12 25 066 88·125 1 3362 1 745 588 1 2375 0625 428
3651 9.00 180 16.3 9 75 2600 4 00 4 00 700

~!g~is+-·rn&&~1-i?i8-f:.-~g ·
8 88 I 2s 13 I 4 oo I " 1:;.> r
rr~-r18"'t:t- -4i>Ct-l-4-+2"."'~--~-OO---l--.i2 2.
8 oo ·· ! " is 001. 1106-13813419] 1100 L425
_.Q.IU~lL06.,.L38 3U9__JJQ!L .7-2.L
L2ns
2_~ g~~gJ UL.____
405TS I 10.00 ·1 20 0 17 8 888 I 2663 ·4001·4121 800 I 131s I oa1 1.os-13a I 3538 . 1210 I 4 25 2 125 I 0500 I 21a
405T 1000 200 17.8. 1188 . 2963 1 400 4 12 800 1375 081 1.06-1.38 3838 1 1210 725 1 2875 0750 565

11 00 220 1.8 5· 1025 2875 4 25 4 94 900. 14 50 081 1.12·1.5 4031 1430 4 1s 2 375 I o 625 303
444TS
4441 11.00 22 0 18 5' 1400 3250 4 25 4 94 900 14 so· oe1 112-15 4419 1430 850 1 3375 0875 691 M
,___.
4451S
445T
11 00
II 00
220
220
205
20 5'
IO:.>!>
1400
30 75
34 50
4 25
4 25
ii !l4
4 94
900
9 00
,. ·-¥
16~0
16.~0
··- . . __ .,.
081
0 81
I 12 I 5
1 12· I 5
~- . - .. --
42 31
46 19
·-- ~ .
1620
1620 48•--
75 j2•••-•
50 3 315
315 067!>
0875 f -~w.
303
Ii 91
··~
10 75 3400 4 25 '4 50 900 2000. . 081 1.12-t.5 4619 2200 4 75 2 375 0.625 303
447TS·
44n•
11 00
11.00
220
220
233
23.3 1400 37 25. .4 25 4 50 9 00
··-·--·-.. ·-----!----+--
20.00 0.81 1.12· 1.5 49 69
·-
2200 8 50
--- 3.375
----· __
0 875 6.91 ......
I I
...._

449rs· 1t 00 22.0. 29 5 1000 3950 4.25 4 50 soo· 2soo 081 112· 15 5119 2475 4 75 2 375 0 625 303 0
4491· II 00 . 220 29 5 13 75 4325 4 25 I "so 900 -2500 081 I 12-1 5 54 62 2475 R 50 3 375 0 875 6 !ll .e:_._
O'.>
•
I-'
•NOTES: . . .
i I All dimensions are for molors not motor pedestals. 21 All dimensions are NEMA controUed excepl J. K. G & C. These four dimensions are compiled from vendor dimension sheets. 3) Nole
that ~ and K+b are calculated from NEMA dimensions. 41 The 447T!TS and· 449T&TS are nol di.mensioned In NEMA. Spee. The dimensions for these frames are compiled from vendor
u
-~

c.o dimension sheets. Always verily dimensions for these frames.: SJ. In.four cases, length of foot lor certain manufacturer's motors are greater than above: 213T-B=8.0. 254T· B= t 1.3, 444T & t""I-'
~
444TS· B"' 18.6. Bu1 all loot lengths are less lhli!n B {MAXI + 1" which is the minimum length ol a motor pedestal's pad. Also lhe boll hole location, 2F always equals above NEMA dimensions.

l~
......... ---·· ... -···-·
··-------
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II
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oii.1Ei-lsiilNs
Bedplate Pad and. Motor Dimensions USEOON
PRINTED FORMS
for NEMA Motor Frames ... OVERALL" OVERALL -1··
LENGTH HEIGHT

-··-~ .- ~-
OF MOTOR or MOTOll

FRAMl:I A B 0 E F H J K IM~ NI ;
>
z
~
N U
u1N. 01A
KEVWAY
STOCK
STEEL
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WEIGHTS" BOLTS
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67~ 70 i !l" 1• A'"u !l"'t..

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'1Xl'7 115 16'• IJ•·,,II'\• 13'..

1
225 12··- 10;;; s~ ·~-3~·-~- 3v.; Ji""' 10;;· 51; is~· ai-·i · :;;.,..-· -ii:3.;· 3;; ios i7o ~••·; iis 11•, 18Y.. rn-1. i3•,;.
254 t3V. 1t 6\li 5 4.,., 'lit 31/t 3¥.t Ulft 6'1o 17'4 31!! 11\' '4Xlll 1x3".r 31) 141 230 ~x1'7 115 20 111 20'~ i2•,1, i5r;
254U 13\'.! 11:V. sv. 5 4\li :r.t 3¥.t 4 12,. S'la 18 3 1'1<1 1'111 %1x"h1 I x31) 41) 157 190 1\x It; 115 20"11 21·~;-'12•1,, --,s;;;
Ts4T 13'.'.! 11:v. 6\li 5 <4\li :r.t 3\lr 4 12:\lo 6,,, 18'4 4 1!'oi,i 'lltx'A• 1 x3'4 31; 194 217 ~h 1i;-lfis-2QiA."· 21%12'!.. i3o,;;;
2s&u ,3..., 131; s11o s 5 .... 3\lr 4 13 614 19\• .3%L...~~;"4o -.-1,.3.,·-.... ;i;;--190·230'~._-.1;;- lis 221;; 23~;: i~;,: ;5;~
- · - • O• ... - - · · --- -- - - ... a.---i---- ·--M• · - - - ___ _, ·-- --- ... _ - ·-·-··· -·-·-- ·-·- ·-- --- .. · - · . - ··- -·-·· ... -~ .. H , .... ••
256T 13"> 13'1> S'4 · 5 .S lilt 311.r 4 13'4 Sil! 20 4 t!'ol,i 'lllx'Aa 1ll3'lr 3'; 232 256 1
'U 1'~ I 15 22'4• 23•.;, 12~'i. 13'"•
284-- i4"> 1311o 1 ·. 5'-2 4:w, .... -· -;ji; ·s 1314 i9ik·-'2'v,;"Ji;;· '\;"·~;;::- ·1;5 ·5;;;-- ;92- 310 · ~;j.; i15 -22;,· 23~~ i".iik iiiiY..
so\
· - - - - - - - : -..··-·---.. --............. ->..f28<W-·· ·*S- -t~-P-- -SI'.- .. 4:Jlo... ..L ...4._ ...4!11....
284T 15 131; 7 51) 4:it. .... 4 4~
~1.4311 .-7~- 21.~.. l?.'.&.... lil!L ---"-JC..'l:lL Ix 4.........:41'1 .25~.. -~~o.: ~.113;:;:::: JHr 23' ''1•. 24%. ~ -~
141111 7'111 20'4 '"' 1~ 1!111'4 lx4 4"> 259 301
. .~xl'?- ll5 23'll1 24'11 14 14'11
284TS 15 13V. 7 5V. 43' .... 4 4.tft 121' S 191; JV. 1!1.it :'11.x 3Aa 1 x4 41) 259 301 lilt !~J15 1
22 A, 23 1.1
1
14 .. ~4~.
286U 15 . 15 7 5V. .5V. .... 4 4'1!t 151io 7!'ol,i 22.._ 5~. I "Ii """"A. 1x 4 41.) 290 332 lto x IV. I 15 25:Y.• 26'1.• 14 17 lk
2asr ·is 15 1 sv. s" .... 4 4"'- u!li 1~·
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S'lo 15:r.t 814 22..,, 5'A1 1!111 lillx'Aa 1x4'; -~ 256 405 ("C)
17 I 14 1A (j
17 I 15 I 8 511: I 13:V. I 6'4 I 21'4 l 3:.11 I 1llll I 'lllx"Ae I lx4~.1 S'<o 1325 1420·
324U I 17 I 15 I 8 I &Iii 5'4 II/ I 4¥1 5¥.t) 1s,. I 8!'oi,i I 23' I 5'¥.o I F-11 Y.!x,. lx4t; I S'la I 325 I 420 t;'
......
324T 17 15 8 6\li Siio ¥.t 4¥.r 5¥.t 15'lra 8,. 2314 511i 2111 Ytx V. 1x4".! I sv. I 409 I 519 (j
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6 51; 14¥, 6'4 22'11o 3~. 1'111 ~ ~ 5'4" aso 525· ;;;·•·;.:; 222' ·25~; 2a•;;. ;5- i9'1i-:
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Bedplate Pad and Motor Dimensions DIMENSIONS

USf:OON
PAIN If. 0 ront.AS
for NEMA Motor Frames OVERALL
LENGTH
OVERALL
HEIGHT

t
or MOIOll or MOIOfl
¥. STOCK
FRAME! A f B D E H J K IM I Nf z N U KEYWAY STEEL
c 0 I I
~TE - so fWEIGHTS"
OPEN TEFC
DOI.TS

31;; OPEN~IEFC
NO
2ei; lrEFC
2 MIN DIA SIZE

364 19
-
15.., 9 1 5"
--· --
5,.111..
--:.... -~ 2~
g..,
-~ -j;-5·-: s~
0

380 '6j5 ;;.2 22j OPEN 11;; 20~;

•111 'A• ;.; ~ 2 . 22:i 26 - 281, 17~ "ici;~
~;;~- ~ .. ;~; ~-- -~. -;; __ !_ -~ ·- -;;: -H~ ,~;
22'!\ 1• 5 5'; 380 63S
25.. 6~·;, ......,...-;;;- 1-.-S" - 5'• . 492 - 7;ij ···;;; 2 i23 29•.;~ 53~·:; i8~i~ 2i 1

b'
;::

22;;; . iii;. i;, ~ 5~ I" ~9; I 7?0 I ;,. ?

i!:-
~;i,i; n~ ?ff'.11 111·· .,. 18':11 ~ 11 •
~
·~."'
..
364US 19 15'• 9 · 7 5"' 5 S.. 1S'lo 7"'

3fi~IJ1!119i9. JI!>'15..
• 99
~.. I ~ ~. ·1 •·511.. ·1
1
''" I "" 1 ~ I !i"-
7 1 1-.. I ' • '1• I 1 • !• ~···
:,1,
!1•11 fM/
1
1 "'
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nJ
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10 1 "'·1• 11) 1 ,,.
Ill'•
t8 1 1
'>•"' 11·~
1 1 JI.
:;" 5 l!o'> 1"' 2l.''Jo 3 ... ~91 84/ 'l 21'"

i1.,., . t25>.;ts"':v;· 11\

3641:; 1 ')
:iiis ;5;; 9 ·;
s•i. t
6i;' . w
... . ·5- ·Tt •Sr\5;o~ ;5;;;· 9.,
1~· ·;;;;;;· i~~ 430 6BS
685 ·.:, i2
''12 223
22:i
29 ..
27
37·~ ""'
29;; ,;.; 'iri'7
20•7

-~:~·- =gi-~
.3655 19 - t6'> 9- -.,, 71\. 23~ 430
f.-- -
J65U 19 16"'
-
9 1
.
·5;; -.., . 5-- ·50i; ii>; i~ 26., 6~ 544 761 ··;;~2 fri 301~: 3.t•·;. 18i.:~ 11 11 i.
365US i9 i6tii. i .. --7 6;; i; -·s. 5;; iSir". 7;; ;3~· :ii~~: ·;;~ ;;;~ .. ···;.i . 544 1r.; .,., ,,, ?1";,. .," .. •• 1A•t. ~"''; ..
:16!>1 19 16'ti g ; ;; .. ". ~ !.,_ ,,,_ 9'• ?6 ""' '"" 'ti•"~· i.!. 68:1' 019 .,., ?i':t ?fJ"; .. :t.t· ... '"'·· 10'·
Jfi!>f!t 19 . 16'- 9 I 6 1t1 r_, ~ ~.~ 1!>'- 1""- 23" ;p·, 1'ti .•,.~ 11~ tin? 91!J '1 •? :tH'1" ·11'"'u. If\',,. tn•.
2':1
404 2i
-- i6i.. io Ii 5,.
-·- - --
°' --5 --
-- 5.., 19·• 1oi. 21..; 6".'• 2•..
-- · ;; • ;,; i ~5
----- · 620 825
--- -'lo. 2., 31•.;. 34,. 19•., 11" ..
329
---
·----·-
404S
404U
21
21
---· -·-
- 16"' 10
163-
8 61\
10 8 · 6~
. "'
~
5 6'~
5 6\1
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16.,
191't
-- · - --·
81\ 24 .. 4'.!1 I"
11\li 28V. 7~t 2~
°' •"'
---
!iltx'A1
I •5
115
-· -620
716
825
-·-· - ·-- -·. ···- ·-···
'4.12''> 329 28"~• 31., 19''> 22",;,
869 -i;°i2~ 329 1-·-32-',i-1 J1t;;; -20-,A-• ·24,;·
404US 21. 16lt 10 8 6111 - ... 5 6"' 17 8"' 25'111 4~, 21\ "'1 a' 1x 5 716 869
'4.12''>
L.-.......--.
329 290,1,
-- -
34~;, 20V.1 24'~
---

404T 21
· - - --- ---'---
16"' 10
-·--
-
8 · 6111· ... 5 6'l 20
-
• L----

- i----L-1---
11 ... 28"
7'l 2..
--
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---
1 •5
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796 1080
... 12"1
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1-.- • --- ·--·
329
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---
32'A1
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37Y,, 20'~• 20'1'11
-·-··• --·-· - - ··-
404fS 21 16'1ro 1() 8 61\ ... 5 6"' 17 8"' 25'11 4., 2'• .,xi. I a5 · 796 1080 "'12''> 329 29•4, 34~'i. ?O't,, 20'~1.
4o!. 2i iii·~· io· -ii 60\ .~-·-5·· &o\ ;9,.- iciii; is-&·;;~ 2;; ·-.,;;;·· iis ·· - 6ss ags ..;.i2·• :i29 :i:i·... Js ... 19.,n" ••
4oss
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n .... ,9.,
405U 21 18'~ 10 8 61' ... 5 6._ 20" II"> 29'111 7V.o 2"i ... x'Ao 1x5 795 1007 •u2 1 329 33'~·1• 3B'·i• 20-~·;, 24'•
· - - - - -~----1--- --
s 6"' --
17'-"• ·- 8 .... 26'\ ...;,, --·· - - -- ·----=-- ··---- -- ---·
-hs ""12''> 329 31'A. s•y,, 20~1. 24'•
--·- --· -·-
405US 21
......____....___
405T 21
18.. 10
181\ 10
8
8
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20" 11"1 29'\ 71\
-- - 2•..
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795
898
1061
1228
---
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329 34'Ao B"l\1 20'"• 20'~1.
t ·-··--··---------.----·-------•osrs
444
21·1e.;·•10
22"' 19 11
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'ir-t;t;
1xs · 899 i228 --~~~-- ·~~~ ·~~ ~~~; ~~ 2~:<;
t-x-s-· --_-'-S-75 -tto5· --<ii·d"I- ··329 -·J&*o-- as•., ·2t.._- 2s--t-·-------1~---
--1-----· -~- - ·-·· ---- · · - - - - · - - · ----- --- --- -·.
28., .. ~,,, 21\ Ito• 2"1 329 JJ~, 36'·> 21'4o 25
I - - -- --
4'4S 22"' 19 11 9 7'!t '4. 5 19 9-. 6'<o ., x llo 1x 5 875 1105
----- ---· · - - ---·· ···-·- ··-· --1---·. - - --- -- -- -- - - - - - - - - - - --- --- · - - -- . -- -·· -- . - -- --- .....
444U 22'- 19 11 9 7" ... S . 23"' 13'Jo 5:., 32°" 8",;• 2°" :it •"i Ix 5 1042 1295 "'• 2"> 329 37'~1. 42·'- 22'• 26'•
---···
444US
---· --- --·:
22:., 19 11
·-·-9 . -~-~--
7°" ... 5
-· -
6'<o 19
-9"1- - - --
28., 4~;,
~- · - - - ---1---- ·--
2.. "ixlro la5 1042
- - -----
1295
--- ·-·-·- --- -- ·--··
"'•2" 329 33°1., JS"i 22'l 26'•
--- --- - - --·~-- --- -- · - -- - - 1---- -- --
q,z~1 23~11
444T 22'1ro 19 11 9 7°'
1~ \!,
... 5 6'1ro 23'> 13"'
6.1i.. 19~ 10
0
32'<o 8"> 3"i
~lilt 2,_ .~x 1A1 · 115
1x5 1252 1490 ... 12">
...--~
329 37"'A• 42" 22'1o
38~- 22r.t. 23~i;
t:Tj
.44•TS
---
445
22.lile
--
22"-
t9·· i1
--
21 II
9.
9 8'1o "'
5
- - - - - - - - - 1---- ---·· - -
5 6"' 22-. 12"i
29
- -
331\ ·7'Ato 2"i
-
'4.x'.<o lx5
1252
t-----~------
1010
--- ·-·---.;_ -- ---· 41'•
1'90 -·-
1210 "i12''
-·- 21"'
--- --25
329
329
3,'A,
311"1-1•
1--'
~
----· -- · - - - - - - - - · · - f - - · - --· - --- - - _:__ ---· - - - - -- ,. ___ ------ --- --- --- --- --
445S
--- -- -- -----·
22'1ro 21 11 9- B..
·--
...
--~-- -
5 6'> 20
s s~. 2411 1n- -
9"1
--- -- -- ---- l't•"'
30"> 4'\l, 21\ lxS 1010 1210
- -----·-· --- -·- 38
'ta12''> 329
---.. ---
21'to35111 25
---· ('j
445U
·:.4sus
22"'
n~
21
21
11
11
9 a.. "
..
-9 Bit. ·~·-5 &;; 20 ·
34'!! 8'~{. 2'1t
·s;;·
"'•"'
Jo., ..-:~· 2~ -..,x ..
1xs· 120&
1206 1-xs
ua1 .... 2..,
i•a1 -,;2;;· m 35"A; 4o"
40, 22i.
329 39'\11 26"'
n~· 2&~
q
......
·445r 22~ 21·-·1;- -·9 .. 8"'- s;-5 s"' ,~ 13,,.·~ -~~ h11.· ix5 1354 1100 .... 12.,· 329 ag.-v.· «>; m
23;,1, ('j
Hsrs 22"' 21 11. · 9 8"' "' 5 &..;- 20 ... 10 31 4"' 2"' "'x'A, 1xs 1364 1100 1. . 2~ 329 Jil"A ... 4o~· 22"' · 23;,i; pj
447T 22'1ro 24.. 11 9 10 ... 5 &"o. 26 13"' 38.. 8..,--~3... ~-- ~{. Ix 5 1700 2165 .... 2"> 329 -43>;i; 48~- 22~· 23;.;; 1--'
-· ---· - - - · · - ---- --- --- --·- --- --·- ---· - - - - · - - - L---· -- ····--· --- -·- - - . ·-·-·
447TS 22"' 24"> 11
--·-
504U
'
504S
---
26
--
23
26
·---·
12'•
. 9 10
··-·
10
23
..
·-8 ·--
'lro
5
---·-
6
12.,
6"- 22.. 10
·--- -·- -- ---
10
34"> 4..

··--
8 'lro
2"i
-·- ·--
7'1ro 25'• 13... 36 ... 8'~~. 2
.... ~l.
··--·-
'lro x 1-
·--- --·- - - · -
6
Ix 5

7'111
1700 n65
-1-----------
Ix 6
---- --"'.
1285 1440
20'1ro
1lo •3
...__
9'l 32"'
329 39~~. H"i 22.. 23•,;,
·-2''> 382
--- 41'11,
···-·· HV.
.... - --- ---
1\
24"' 28'li
- - ---J-- - -
4•;,, 2111 Yulo h&
.
1285 1440 '-•3
- - - - ---· - -
382 36'"At
--· - -
39,. 241to
--
281.ii
u
pj
en
I sos 26 25 12-. 10 9 "" 6 7:\o 261\ 131to 38... 8'~{. 2"o "'x"' h 6 1425 1625 Iii x 3 382 4J'A, .. ~;;· 24'41o 2ei\ .t'"'+.
~ 505s 2s 25 12.., 10 9 ·---;;-&· ·1·.· 2;1;··9·~ 34"' '4t.1. vr· ··-----•L-•H--
-...... 1a& 1425 162s~-;J- 382 ·38"i. :ci . . ·24i; ur. pj
cu --L--~--L---1......- ___ ··-·- --·-- -· o. • o ·- ·-- •••-· --·

IJ
 O')
I
N>
~
OPEN DRIP PROOF
FRAME SELECTIONS
rJJ&
§
&

0..
::i---~
ct>
::r:
......:J

g"
t-1-)
·'-'--
---· - - - - - - -----··- - . ~ '<! g_.
=
H.P.
3600"
R.P.M.
1800
·R:P.M
1200
R.P.M.
------
145JM
BB 14
--·
.AH 143JM-184JM

A~ 21aJ""2GJM
. . ET------i .·
t-1
p..
~ ~ t:j~-
. f""'I .........
0.. ,. . . . .
t-1

r;· crq .
0

..
la
CD
lft

··-"-·•
1 - 143JM
143JM-1B4JM
\,j.J
...........
~- 0
•1ux.45°

..
182JM .·· 0..
145JM
ET·~ ~
·I .........
11'2 143JM CHAMFER ........... t:j .......
1 ..
213JM-32SJM
~ cn S ~ ·1
•
. .

2 145JM 145JM 184JM · Cj) rt ct> .. .

- .......... ct:t:j. 0 .,......,
c:: CD

=
145JM 182JM 213JM CJl -~ r"+-· L.t
3 o· ~ . tc.:l
....
EN· ·· · rt.
----- >----· TAP SIZE R.H. THO. ct> ::i
184JM 215JM . C'D
.,,
182JM
5 BOLT PENETRATION ~ en CJ'J ~
184JM 213JM 254JM .
ALLOWANCE·· ::i ~- iJJ~.
7''2 DRILL DEPTH 0:'
~-
ct>
t-1
r-t-
~ .·.
"""-
c
.

. . . s .· ::S. -~
10 213JM
--
215JM

254JM ·
256JM

284JM
.-j ~ KEYSEAT ·.. ·_. ·_····.·..
t-1 . ct>
ct>. p..
rt ct>
i:i. <:<[
-~
a
"'U
215JM ~·
,1 . 1 ·. - , . . --~ )J1 ~
15 ... ~<
20
-----·
254JM
1------·..;.

256JM 286JM.
-- --·-·-
·. ·
+.. .
R
..
U - ~. R ~ .756
' ·.
.· 1:112
.
ct> ... ct>
en
_.
o P.(l
ct>
"'
.· .•. . ~U = w.. R = 1.097 ~- >tj . tj·~
25 256JM 284JM 324JM . AK
s
ct>
ct>
p.. ..... ~- n
30 284JM 286JM....
______ 326JM · ......... 8. nct> p:i .

- ··---- '/:, R .oooor-.· ·

1
-~ .o ct) I
·S('t)
;
CJ)........
40 2_86JM 324JM ·-
.
• . "-'.010.
. UNDERCUT 'h2 &
. ::i ·.
::i--' &
_.. ~ . '"1.
50 324JM 326JM - MIN. RADIUS 0. '-<:·· o"o 0
60 . 326JM - - cn er
ct> t ......
(Jq ..
t:S
CJ'J =
.a_
.·.·-~

·-~· ..
"NOTES: . . . .· . ». .· ._ · · .....
< z ~·
ct> ·.··'--<
I AH. EO. and ET dtmunsicins mm1s11ir.d wdh shail . ct> L,"'.J i:i. o,..·
all !he wav out 1pullr.d by handl . · .. 4HOLES (364JP & 3565.JP 8 HOLES) .•.
2. · AJ Centerline of bolt holes wilhin O15· inch for · ::i ~ '"1· ..
143JM-256JM and .025 inch for 284JM-326JM of BOLT PENETRATION BF TAP SIZE ....... ..,..__ ~--

lrue location True loc,.lion is ctefined as 'anguiai ·-143JM-184JM ::i ........,. -~

and di~mr.lm::ll localion wilh rr.fl!lrncc lo lhr. cenler- · ~Pl·. i---J
llncof"AK ·· /-1 ::i ..........
:1 Shah t?ruf 11lav :ilmtl uni mu:r.•·cl fhP he•arinq 1ntr.rnrtl t:rj·. p.. ()
ilXlill "10"'.1~1111~111 lht~ h1•;uuu1 mnu11h1t<1 firs ~h:lll h~?
as recommmuh!d hy 1110 bmnmy manuf;u;lurcr tor ~-~ ···1-'i
'-1.
pump application
4. Note 3 applies to open and totally enclosed motors .
only. for explosion proof motors. contact individuar ·.. (additio;,al d~ta ~ following p3ge)
>- g" . ·p:i·
i-+-
molor manulaclurer p:i

~
.... ............... ,..;..fQJ.ft't,....
~ ' .. .. .,, ' ·.' ,._, . ,... . . .•.. -~. ~,..,..,._,,J/a,:A'J.#.
':· /-. -.J•j4.
. ·.. · :c.- .. •.. J / . ; ) . ··.' )....
~ ·~.. ~ ~ ·.~- ~.~
. .... -. ~- ~~ ~.,t~~-:~. '·-"~'0•JI~ftv~~~d'~"~-~~~
~ ,. ~
----------
.
···-~-··
. !•~ >,~~~·~•-,.:•Jl:-·•,~~--·~-·•~•~•-•~•JJ ··~~·
···-------~· ~--

. Type JNI Motor Shatt

..
--~ ·- - :·:.·:---:-.=:::-::::=:---::.·--: - -~~::.::-::--:=~==--=·."':-:-:·-:·-:--:---:-:"-··•><•"

..-1~Ia 1ii
EN BF

ffi . I
~~a:
I
Tap Size Tap Drill Bolt !Tap Size Boll .~ ~~;- Typical
Frame AH I AJ ES ~ Class I
Depth Pene- Class Pene- :ta " Weight
c
-·3
Length_ Wl~l!1_ 3 RH. tration 2. R.H. tralion Lbs.
'~~? 1~0;~ _;~ ~~-~=:
Size U I Note 1 Note2 AK BB BO J_EL · 1 EM EO ET Max.
1loli :y,.
143JM ~--I __'L~.:.. l 5""
& .8745 r j;.031 Min. :t-.015 Min. • .015 . ivilii. +.iid2 J :i.•• 1s 1''1 ~~ ~-16 'Ii• .004 I .004 I .002 60
145JM .8740 -.000 . ct>
l82JM ~ . I:!:: 414 _j 57,;i I ~ • :-I.:.- I 2 ~ J 1!1!. l!ta
---1---

+.0021 ~-16
·----

~-
&
164JM
.8745
.8740
±.015 Min.
-.000
H~
"· !lls-16 ~. .004 I .004 I .002 100
-·0
2~ Ifill lite
213JM !t__ I _4_~ .. I 71:. ·.;:_ois ··Min:· i .0021 111-16 Pi J., t;-13 ~. 004 I .004 I .002 140 :::J
& .8745' '.031 .000 fJ)
215JM .8740
3' . 2•.; ,~-

~
·2s4jM t,;-13 :\.'• I .004 I .004 I .002 235
"F.ols --Miil. ·· +.oo2EE-13
H:z .
&
256JM
284JM
&
1'1•
1.2495· 5'1.1
-:r:o3i.· 11
--- t
I
12'f.I
Tooo
I -.003
•lfe n14~ 1~.
t.ooo Max. +.ooo
1l\la I 2111
+:00001 I + I I
!'oli
Miil." :+:.020 514
Miri. 3
•.020 2Y.l
·Min.
. -.00.Q
""
•.062
.000
.

'?·13 1'I)
-1---~--1-----l·--·--~---·
~-11 I ·~1,. I .006 I oos I 003 340
"C
ct>.
286JM 1.2490
1i.. 514. ii 12"'1
. 005 - .062' . . . .. 002
-·;;,<;·· ;,i . j;i.,
- 1:i... 12~ I ~ 5,,,;
. 0005
I j 1· 2i~ I 1,. (")
:324J".r 1.2495
& ±.o3l - - --+.ooo +.ooo· ·Max:-· +.ooo +-:Oooo ">Jlri.Tt.020 Min.
1.2490 -.005 -.062 -.002 -.0005
:+ .020 · Mlii: ~:8~~1 ...,-13 I 1·~
l I !oti-11 I
I Y.e
1 I .006 I .006 I .003 480 "'
c..
326JM
3:
Type JP Motor Shaft. m
:::J
·--- ------· c..
143JP ~~ - L-11!.& .JY!!.. f?-!.'!. 311-16 I . Ha !It, 11--16 .004 I .002 I 60 c..
& .87451 ±.031 .G15 Min.
145JP .8740 "'tJ
03:---t
182JP 'Ill 7o/ie
· · · - ---------,-.- .....:8745 ···:!::031 ...-L ~-16
.004 I .002 I 100
. 1
184JP .8740 -.OOJ -.U>H -.wtr. -."1UV<l .w-- ..+
~a 2~
213JP

215JP
&
1V.
1.2495
1.2490
81'11
±.031
71/• 8 1k
+.ooo +.ooo
- nn~ - 062
9
Ma¥.
H•
+:Coo +.oooo
-.002
Fli

-.0005
1:\'• 21,1 8"1
Mi"il. :t.015 Min.
51.ti
:t-.015 Min.
'4
+.oo2 1k·13
·-.000
1~ l/:z-13 :\14 .004 I .004 I .002 I 140 0
...fJ) trj
I--'
CD
254JP 1 v. 8\11 711' 811.1 'Ae 10 P"• 1~ 1~ 23,i 81Ja 5!\ 2'h V• .
& 1.2495 ±.031 +.000 +.000 Max. +.000 +.0000 Min. ±.015 Min. ±.015 Min. +.0021 ~-13 I 1\li 'k-13 :v. .004 I .004 I .002 I 235 ::r ..,......
C':>
. r-t-
m

-=
256JP 1.2490 -.003 -.062 -.002 -.0005 -.000
• • -.. • • •ft>< Y.a 14 1J,I• 1~ 2 1-11 . 2~
284JP
&
1'1.1
1.2495 l :j:. +.000 Max. - +.000 +.0000 Min. ±.020
1 k-13 1~ ~-11 u;., :ooe I .006 I .ooa I 340
fJ) ~
- .062 - .002 - .0005 .~
266JP 1.2490 . i---i
Y.a 14 n. 1~. 2•11 I 23!_ l 8"-
324JP
&
326JP
IV. -
1.2495
1.2490
+.000
-.062
Max. Mln.1±]20l"Min. 1 · -_;:.._ 11.; . 1 .006 I .003 I 480
u
O')
I
364JP
&
1~
1.6245
8
±.031
1
.\ 11 12.,.,
+.000
SAe
+.000
14
Max.
2"' I 2!\k I a·"
Min. ±.020 Min. t;-13 11/z .006 I .003 I 740
~
r-t-
~
IS:) -.005 -.062
C.T1 365JP 1.6240

k
'Jim-IL-- ;,..__
I . ·- ·-
-····---·-----__.... -----· .. -·------·--·-
 m OPEN DRIP PROOF El
• FRAME SELECTIONS .
·.~
-•••=
N) . .
m
HP
3500 ··
I 11 PM.
I 1aoo
11 PM .
I 1200
ll P.M
!
... 143HP"·
....... ·.... EP
•·[t"., UI

.-.
·.x0 .
. M311P I 145HP . . •
. . . . . '
........... '7""••
. l . ...· ..
111 143HP.
.... -- .~
145HP
..... ··-
1.82HP
··-· ·-
:>
3
I 4!iHP.

I 45HP
w;11r . 1. R4HP

I BJllP 21 JHP
<;c g
...... ,..·.1·-·-~·'·
II . I . ---~"':"· . •. .;- ..... ·"'''i:"'k·11< ·j ~·~ I (I) : -
I
5 I 182HP I .1B4HP I 215HP
..-.~ .. "5~.·~<~·.:•,, ...-1r:r;,:•i:
...:·.~J~L..c.;.:::~ ,, .... ·v . ~ ... . .· . ;.l.
c;· z 3
__ . __ .·.;. I,.. ___
7'1
,. __ .
184Hf' I 213itP I 254HP .

T .
. mm
....=·
'
IO I 213HP I 21!iHP I. 256HP CD
l AH ... ti) 3:
I!> ·I :11Mll' I 2!">4.111' I :<184HP
v 0 •J>
I 254HP I 256HP I. 286HP ...... --' c:
_L
20

~... ,I.•' C:'<

--1---l'----l--·-·- .

ii
25 I 256HP I 284HP I 324HP .
.
en m
. "C
....
·~~l .1so +_.ooo
. 30 l 264HP I 286HP I 326HP.
::r··· . .· lft
.oos~I 1
40

50

60.
I 286HP I
I 324HP I 326HP I 36SHP
I 326HP I J64HP I 404HP·

15 . I 364HP 1 365HP I 40SHP

32411P. I 364HP '

·--·--
1
L:2
I~~-------------~~
ob2I
oo --,Eur-
AK
AJ -
. ...,._
J =.,,
Q) :c

3: ~· n
oa.
.....
.,,
o··::c s...,
~

. :·.
I 444Hf'.
-----
· 10.0
+.----'-+
I 36SHP
404HP
BO •I .... C'C
. (/) :c
·-·· ... ;.:...... •• & · - - - - · -
12s r 4oi1HP · 1 4osHP 1 445HP
-·• - - - r-·-·-··t··-
..- - - : 0
::: I:~~:; I~~~~ .· --.--.-.. J:j

. .1
'· .~
4-BF l-IOLES .• R ·.· ..·. .
·-·--.:. -::-·'' ·--·-···--·~·- -~ ·9o~APA8T ::c
. ·. ·. J.Ri rs ···<
2~0 445HP

--r·
> •.
p_,·
NOHS.
U.nwilvt-1'1 1t11•.1•.uu.,J wtfh mt1f1 '' 111
~·'"·dtlWf'I '. . . .
111'1'" i11. (ltl't!Wln
' '
• . . •. + .· . i-;
AJ c:cnlt'!'l'11e cit holt hole!' wdh1.1 O015 rnch tor ~11
·.o.
'.··
·.·
.·. · ..... : .· . ~
h;vrw~ of llttt• toc.ifli:-n l1u,··ti.w,.t11fm ·~:tl(>f1'1od ·'"' ~·
".

;anquh•• ;irnt dMrT\t"fml loe.1taor\ "Mlh •f!fv••~.tec kt cenlrt

hm~t'-1 AK
~h:.tt '""'' ,,.,,\' """" m~t
.
p11 ro.rl
..
1h1• 1:... ,..;~q mt~fn<ll
nu.II ll .. hlf'j1'h'flf lhe• l••.tfllM) n•nu•ll•llfl fll·; ~1.111 ltt• n. .
, .. ·. : .'. ·,

(j
.
p.-;..t
......
u•,"ou•ttt1·1.uf•'1I hv ltll' ~·~·"""' m....ttnd,11 U111•t frn (tWUt»
·•t•11h• .•1h111tt
1n1• ,,,.,1JV•' ·.1111t1u·... 1·~ 111-• .uul lt•,.tliy ••, .. r. .... -is m•ll;lf
110J1 fr1' 1••l"''~1j,n 11111111 mnht·,, t unl;u I "unl"'ttlo;lt
m.1nut.,J ruo~r.
(additional data on following p~ge)
(
u
~
.i·· M
~.

~·

..9~..-·~:--9. ~_....,,,.~ t'A9A4t . .~

__.....;. .. - -·· - ....;.------.

•·tt~'.,1'~·H~~"~ ft9 P••·'~ " l • • •. • ~ • • ; .,_ \• • • ., .• ... 1. ".: ~·· ,: '·'- t - "·'"' •• • ! :... • ., :.. . . .' ·. . . ' ) : _: • ; ·. ·.'-~"'. -':> .. .. -: . -·
 . .. ., . .
• ~ '.~--.•.' -~ ~--· ."'. 11t ·~->~~-~ ~~1. .'9\_~~~~,~·~~-;;i·~~~·.~~-~~,~--,.~ ~. -~~~•t11:····~·,· ·~·-· ·~· - . '. ·. .· .

.,
I Dimensions (HP-HPH)
I All dimensions in inches. The above are lnlegral~horsepower A-C Squirrel-cage Induction Motors lor Process and In-line Pump Applications.

BF Keyseal Typical Weights ,

!Clearance Hole ;
Frame BB BD v EP ES Open
Designations AJ AK Min Max Number Size u Min AH Min EU Min
- - - - - ..-----R
.
s ~--· -----·--- ~:!.I_>: ~~!1.'?.! TEFC
9.125 8.253 0.19 10.00 4 0.44 0.8750 2.75 2.781 .156 0.688 0.771-0.756 1.28 0. 190-0. 188 45 50
143HP and 145HP
8.250 0.8745 '2.719 0.683
9.125 8.253 0.19 10.00 4 0.44 1.1250 2.75 2.781 1.156 0.875 0.986-0.971 1.28 0.252-0.250 85 95
182HP and 184HP
' . 8.250 <1.1245 2.179
--·. - - - - ·
0.870
·- · - 1 - ... - - ~· . -·-
213HPand,215HP
--·--
9.125 8.253. 0.19 l0.00
. 8.250
-- --
4
1.
0.44 1;1250
1.1245
-- ·---
2.75 . 2.781
·---
1.375
2.719
---- o.sro
0.875
0.875 0.986-0.971

0.986-0.971
_.._ __
1.28

1.28
0.252-02
1------~-

0.252-0.250
.
115
. - --
150

254HP and 256HP 9.125 8.253 0.19 10.00 4 0.44 1.1250 2.75· 2.761 1.750 220 275
8.250 1.1245 2.719 0.870
9.125 8.253 0.19 10.00 4 0.44 1.1250. 2.75 2.781 1.750 0.875 0.986-0.971 · 1.28 0.252-0.250 325 400
284HP and 286HP•
8.250 1.1245 2.719. 0.870
13.505 0.25 16.50 4 0.69 1.6250 4.531
4.50 2.125 1.250 1.416-t.401 3.03 0.377-0.375 500 580
324HP and 326HP 14.750
13.500 1.6245 4.469 .'1:245 .... ___.....

-· 13.505 0.25 16.50 4 0.69 1.6250 4.50 4.531 2.250 1.250 1.416-1.401. 3.03 0.377-0.375 725 875
364HP and 365HP 14.750
13.500 1.6245 4.469 1.245
14.750 13.505 0.25 16.50 4 0.69 1.6250 4.50 4.562 2.250 1.250 1.416-1.401 3.03 0.377-0.375 975 1250
.... _...~o~He..~nd..4Q~~P"__ ----·--
--t!f 500"" .......... -~

1:6245- f - -4:438"--·... 1·;245

1.845-1.830
..
3.03
----- -0.502-0.500
---- --
444HP and 445HP 14.750 13.505· 0.25 16.50 4 0.69 2.1250 4.50 4.562 2.250. 1.750 1350 1700
13.500 . 2.1240 4.438 1:745
. trj
."These frames have the following alternate dimensions:
.......,
('t)
0.25 16.50 4 0.69 1.6250 4.50 4.531 1.750 . 1.250. 1.416-1.401 3.03 0.377-0.375 325 400 0
284HPH and 286HPH 14.750 13.505
moo 1.6245 4.469 1.245 ...,
~
......
14.750 13.505 0.25 16.50 4 0.69 . 2;1250 4.50 4.562 2.250 1.750 1.84 5-1.830 3.03 0.502-0.500 975 1250
404HPH and 405HPH
13.500 2'1240 4.436 ms 0
ti.:>
....-
~

u
ti.:>
O'l
I ~
N:> ti.:>
-.J ,

II
l

t- ·--·· >M . -- .......... w --·-·~·· ... - ~ ....... • . . . . . . . . . - _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .- - . . - - · · - · .. ·~·- ...... , ................

 . . . . ·. ·. ·. . •'.

··I °") ·1ngersoll·Dresser Pu.mps

BF-4HOLES
90° APART
Cameron Hydraulic: Data
-i
!··(
··c
z·
flt·.
CD
CD ·.· · ·
.
· .. z
-w
a t-
. x·
0
cii -c·
~.
w
~t
ti
.··et
<
:::c
C/'J
c~
r----------,----AK--,-----___,--------,..~· : .·..
1
I·~u
··~e. u-r;~IJ .· . ··
'"C::U - .005, '
.· '. .
t '·.' ' ·.
" ·. ·1 '
. ···-)
.··· . 1··.·.'.
·----------AJ ~ .
. . :r';
.

":(;
. . . '"

.. TOLERANCES ·.. ··
·.:.1·'·:
·.
•• I ,

••,,/
·. : .
.
:.gg~
' '

+.OOOO •·.· UPTo.1.625DiA. i.ESSTHAN 12.000

•• _;.0005:

+.000
. ..

· ovefi 1:s2s 01A

. ·. ~ . '. ·... '. . .

A :·gg~> .· 12.0~0ANDLA~G~R· . . ..... , "

-.001 . ,
.
·-.- . . .
. . ' .
.
',.
...
·v•iM.Jtvl'UCfJ:tl,;OJt.®''" t
llolU~fct;Ef'rlTRlCIT'YO'Y'J.A"~~q&rt 00..
~li~~N"tltVNOUT o;:•*;,
- . ·
ll'"- .
:tt
.. Standar~ Dimens~b~s F<>r NE.MAVertical_ lnline . t
''t
Motor Shaft Exten!;ions.(P-Base Construction}·.·.··.·
.•

Motors per NEMA •'

'

.Std.MGl-18.620. ·.Shaft Dimensions Mounting Dimensions .· .·· KeY"Nays ·.·

Motor Frame u• v ·.EU• AH EP A.J .AK4 BB BD BF L. s . R'
143LP-145LP .·.•
1.125 2.75 .875 2.750' 1.156 .. 9.12 8.250 ·.19 10.00 ,44 2.00 .25 ·...986
182LP~184LP '

213LP-215LP
. "
.- ,'

1.625 2.75 1.250 I 2.750· . 1.75,0 >9.12 .8.2~0 .19 . 10.dO .44 2:00 .38 1.416
254LP-::2~6LP . I
'
284LP·286LP 2.125 4.00 1.750 4.500 · 2,250. 9.12 I .8.250 ,19 10.00 .44 3..75 .50 .1.f345
284LPH·286LPH ·. I
' .

lI ..
324LP-326LP ,'

364LP-365LP 2:125 4.00 1.750 4.500 2,250. 14.75;,13.500 .25 16.50 .6"3 3.75 .50 1.845
404LP.405LP
.. ·..
,r ..
...
444LP~445LP I
Spedal Drivers 2.625 4.50 2~2so · 5.QOO · i750 .25 I 20.00/ 2.275
14.75113.500
' I 24.50. .69 4:00 .62
NOt'ES . . . . . .
1. ·Motor shall be Vertical P-Base construction specifieally designed for in-line pump applleation. . . .... '
2. Shaft axial end.play of shaft is 2 mills max under 50 pounds reversing static load. with motor in a horizontal . •·'
position at ambienttemp: · · ·· · . · ·. · · ·· · . · . .· · . ·. ·. . . i..,
to
3. Total Axial Shaft movement be ±5 mils when subjected to rated thrust lead. . :!
. 4. Motor balance as defined by NEMA shall be 1.0 mil (Peak to Peak). · ·
5. Nameplates shall be stainless steel (300 Series stainless). . .
6. Radial displacement at end of motor shaft is .001 in. max. at ambient temperature With zero axial load and a 25 .
pound force applied at the pump end of motor ~aft.
. ' - · ·· ··

6-28
 i ·.
I
I

!
l:
I
I
I \

- SECTION 7
!
CAST IRON AND
- STEEL PIPE FLANGES· -
. .
I
I
j

I!
-
I.
!

AN·D FLANGE FITiIINGS I

........, ... ,, I

' •

7 I
I
I
Ii
I

/l I
I
1·

I I

I .
ii~
I

lngersod-Dresser Pumps ·

7-1
 ·.I l tngersoll·Dresser Pumps·· ...·Cameron Hydraulic bata c·,
.........
~. :

. i···.'··
. .
. .
. CONTENTS OF .SECTION 7
,

, .

Castlron and .·
Steel Pipe Flanges .c .. _,~

·and Flange Fittings

' It.

Weights of Flan~ed Cast-Irbn Pipe, ..................... : . 7~3-

Weights of Flanged Cast-Iron Fittings · ... ·... <...... : ...•... 7-4 .
Page
! ,

····1···,
'
',

.·..

. Dimensions of Cast-Iron Flal'.lges • . . . . ; ~ . ~·. · . , . . . . . ~ .. . , " . •. 7;.5 .· ··.

•• """'!,
.
. . ' .· . . .· .. .. . . .
. "
'

·. Pressure-Temperature Ratings '. .. ~ ~ 7-6 ·. ! ••• " • : ••••••• : ••••• • .:

Dimensions ofCast'lron Flanged, Fittfugs ...... : .......... 7-7 ·. ·. (
. Dimensions and Weights of Steel Pipe .· ::<: ..•.'; . '. 7-8thru:7-12 .·. ·•·

__ ::~~!:~z~Fianges .... · '··

Flange Ratings-300.lb............. : . , . ~ . ; . : ..... ; .. 7-17
:, ·:·.·.·.·.~-~~.t~~u;~~: ·~~.··_.····-.
· ··
---t :• .

.. .FFllaannggee· RRaatt11~·nnggss_
.. 460000. llbb
..
~·· ... : :· ; .... '. ....... ; 7-18
......·. . . · : ... '. ' ....
. . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . .· . ~ . ~ ..; .~ . >' . 7-19
·.· . Flange Ratirigs-· 900lh~ . •.......... < ....... ; .... ~ .. ~ ... .-7-20
, . ·.·

·
.•
••-..
lt.

.Flange Ratings-1500lb. . . : ..... : . : ..... ' ........... 7-21 t.

~·.: ..........· .•. 7.-22
. Flange Ratings-2500 lb; .. ·..... : . , ......
.-. '

.c.
.. ' ...
••t
. ......

....... ·.
i
"r.··~
. :.. Ii
..
..
..

~-

I
I ..

7-2
· __J.
·.~lt:~!,~ '!,l:_,~! ~}~;~_:!~)!~"'""',..)~'""~4!,,""~--·""~""·"'t;9. .•d~ ~·"'·)•..:_•~;e_,• ~-·~:~ ._.. ·-- -~·
1-

- . I
Approx Weights of Cast Iron Fl~nged Pipe
I
Class A Class B Class c -
Class D
I
Class F Class H
43 lb per sq in press 66 lb per sq in press 130 lb per SQ in press - 173 lb per SQ in press 260 lb per sq in press 34 7 lb per sq in press )>
'"C
'·. '"C
WI lb pe1 Wt lb per Wl lb per
I
I
Wt lb per Wt lb per WI lb per ....
0
Nominal Thick- Thick- Thick- Thick- I Thick· Thick· )(
<;11e ness smqte ness smgle ness single - ness - I single ness single ness single
1nchr.s inches loot llll.nge mcl!eo; foot ·uanqe 1nct11"• loot flanq1• inchns I 1001 Uango lllCtll!S loot llanqn tnChl"~ loot llanCJf! :E
- ' ---- ---- <I>
{Q

--I
3 .39 13 0 6.4 42 14 6 62 45 15.5 62 48 I 16 4 62
I :::r
' <n
4 .42 18 0 11 , 45 20.1 10.7 48 21.3 10 7 52 I 228 10 7
6 .44 27.9 150 48 31 1 14.4 .51 329 14 4 55 ! 35 3 14 4 '61 39 5 30 6 69 45 2 29 9
8 46 38 7 23 1 51 42 7 23 1 56 48 0 22 0 60 I 51 2 22 0 71 60 6 45.3 BO 69 0 44 1 0
I . . m
-.-. ~
.·
(()
I
10 .50 51 9 -32 2 57 58 8 32.2 62 65 5 306. 68 I 71 4 306 60 84 7 65 7 92 98 5 63 6 ~
12 ' 54 67_0 47.7 62 76 4 477 .68 85.4 45.6 .75 I 93 7 45.6 89 . 112 5- 94. 1 1 04 132 9 90 7
Q ~ (
--,4----- ---·----;57------ 1119 2 ~~

16 .60
----82.-3....... -.5.B..L

98.8 73 2
f\f\ '

70
94 7
·-·-~··;~

114.6
58.1
--······-

73.2
'·
1.r.

.80
108.1 '
--···-

113 3
55 1

69 1
82
·•········

.89
T ..
I

1147 5
55 1

69 1
.99

1.08
145.5

···180.a
118 8

147 3
I 16 172 4 114 0

---r·2r- -2·15·-0- -·1.toa-or-

,,
:J ('t) .
00 e'
{j

-.-}"'
. 78 1 87 . 1178.4 2198 :J -~ "'
'
18 .64 118.3 78 1 75 137 8 162.4 72.8 96 72.8 l.17· 179.6 1 39 264.2 170 8

~
163 1 99.8 .92 -190.6 92.9 1.03
I
92.9 1.27 264 8 2155 1 51 318 4 204.4
CD
20 .67 137.4 98.8 80 j212.3 (1)
a.
24 76 1865 137 2 89 .217 3 137.2 1 04 257 6 126 8 1.16
I
12860 126.8 1 45 361 7 321 4 ,,
-·
°""
~~=
30 88 266 1 214 4 1.03 312 6 207.2 1 26 366.9- 1960 1.37 1 421
2 186.4 1 73 5380 4469 '"C "'""""
~ "
'
I<>
358.7 327 4 1 15. 418 7· 314.8 1.36 497 7 299.9 1.58 282.5 C'D
~
36 99 15819

542 2 444.2 1 54 657.4 415.4 1.78

I
I 764.1 ·- 392.1
~(
42 1.10 464 6 458.5 128 ([) r
.48 1.26 608.0 555.9 I 42 687.2 538.9 .l.71 - 832.7 504.4 1 96 I 9608 470.8 ( '

I "'Tj (
I ,_,.
r-t- '"
,_,.
r-t- ~

-l -~ •..
I
Cl:)
-~ ->-t
(f) (

Ill !
I
 I~ Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps,
.....
Ca~eron Hydraulic .Data
'-"
Approximate· Weights 125 lb Standard C
·-.·.
.

•.
Cast Iron Flang~d Fittings
AU weights given in pounds ·. ff,.
'

~··
Nominal 90< Com-· Std
pipe 45: 90" LR Red Re- panion gate·
srze ells ·ells ells Tees Crosses Laterals· ells · ducers .· · flanges· valves
tJ,
2
c~
1 4 5 7 9 11 10 19
11/• 6 7 9 11 15 13 2 23
1112 8 9 .1 1 15 . 19 . 17. 3 . 27

e.·
2
2112
3
3'h
12
17
20

27
14.
19
24

.31
. 41'
..

.37
'48
16.
23
28
21
30
37

'.·49
28
39
48
63
82
25
. 36
44.

.59
75
... 22

28
37
24
31
19
.7
8
• t1
H
5
..
..
.. 67
31
40
54
. ,.. er~

.........
4 36 .. 64 I .. '84
5 45 52 62 81 105 96 ·48 . 39 ·. ... 17 ... 110 .
,. ·
6 60 68 85 105 135 125 . 60 ..
50 ··. 22 140 . y·~·

C'
8 94 110 145 165 . 210 210 ·.·· 90 77 ·31 240
10 145 . 175 230 270 . 330 340 :: 150 .·120. 45 ·. . 380

220 250 350 380 .. 470 .. 520 .... · 220 .·1eo 63 590
12
'ft·
.1·
82 770 .
14
16
270
360.
350
470
.470
670
530
.. 700
..
• 650
··a~
680
950 .
.. 320
420
250 .
;)40 . ·. ·:ios 1100
·.· ..
..
18 420 580 840 . 860 1040 1150 .• 540 ·430. 120 1300
20 540 740 1080 1100. 1330 1480. '680 520.•. 150 ' 1900 ".~·. . '. .'

24 800 1160 16.40 1730 2080 2080 1010 .· 760 . ,220. 2800

1430 .. 1850 2800 2710 3210 3680· ··.4950

ft-:
,--.
30
36 2280 2800 4450 4050 47.50 .. . 8700
42 3380 . 4010 sern 5790 ·. 6710 ' ·~~
48 4680. 5400 9250 . 7620' 8740.

c
...

..
Pressure-Jemperatore
' . '
Ratings
.. ·.
()f ' . ',. . '
Cast Iron Pipe' Fl,anges-: .. ·.
.. ' ·' . ···.·.. ·. ·····.· .· ''· .

1251b 250 lb' .. ..

251b BOO lb ~
. ASTM A126 ·
Class A Glass A
ASTM A126

Class B
·. ·ASTM A126

.c111ssA. · ClassB ··
ASTM A126
···c1ass B t
'
Tempera· Sizes ·.sizes ·~1zes ·.. sizes. Sizes Sizes·· Sizes Sizes ··.·Sizes
ture of 4-36 42-:96. 1.-.12 14-24 •' 30-48 .. 1;;.12 .14-24 ·. 30,..40· 2-12

175 ·.. 400 ..

-. 20 .to 150 45 25 • 150 150 300' 300 800·
200 40 ·... 25 165 '. 135 115 370 280 250
225 .. 35 25' 155 . 130 100 .. 355· .. 270 225.
. 250 30 25 .. 1so·· . 125. '85 340 ·.. 260 . '200 .. '~ :

275 25 25. 145 120 . 65 325 ·..•• 250 175,

. 300. 140. 110 :so .310 .240 ... 150
325 130. 105 295 230 125
.. 100
350 1 125 ... 280 220 .. 100
375 265 ·.· 210
400: 250 200.

All pressure rat1rigs given in .PSIG. Allowable ·pressures may be interpolated between temperatures.
1
353 F (Max) to reflect the temperature of saturated ste.am at l25 ps1g,
~ 406 F (Max) to reflect the temperature of saturated stearri at 250 ps1g

Limitations: ·. · · · ·· · . .· . · .· · · · ·. ·
25 lb: When 25 lb cast iron flanges and flanged htt1ngs are used for gaseous service, the maximum pressure ·
shall be hm1ted to 25 ps1g. Tabulated pressur~temperature ratings above 25 ps1g for 25 tb cast iron flanges
••
' .

and flanged fittings are apphcable tor noR-shock hydraulic service only.
250 lb: When used for hqu1d service the tal:lulated pressure--temperature ratings m sizes 14 m. and larger
are apphcable to 250 lb. flanges only and not to 250 lb fittings.
FromANSIB16.1. ·.·. ··. ":.. •' .. · . '. . . · .. · . .. .
·· ·
..•.. · ·,·' '
.·
800 lb; The tabulated rating 1s not a steam rating and applies to non-shock hydraulic pressure only.
. ·

"•••
I 7-4
::: 1
__,4d
:
 . ---- .-.- . ~--. ---- ~ . . . . , . . . . - . . . -r......,
Flange~·[and Flange Fittings ,·

I
. 1

I
·Dimensions of Cast Iron Pipei Flanges
American National Standara !
dimensions in inches !
. I
II
i
l
25 lb standard .I
!
125 lb standard II
Nominal Dia of No I !
pipe Dia of bolt of Flange Bolt s61t Flange Bolt Bolt ;
sizes flange .circle bolts thickness size len9tti I
thickness size length

1 4.25. 3.12 4 0.44 0.50 1.75

rn 4.62 3.50 4 0.50 0.50 2.00
1'~ 2.00 3.88 4 0.56 ·a.so 2.00

2 6.00 4.75 4 0.62 0.62. 2.25

2~ 7.00 . 5.50 ·4 0.69 . 0.62 2.50
3 7.50 6.00 4 0.75 . ·. 0.62 2.50
I
I
3~ 8.50 . 7.00 8 ! 0.81 0.62 2.75
4 9.00 7.50. 8 0.75 0.62. 2!50 0.94 0.62 3.00
5 10.00 8.50 8 0.75 ·0.62 2lso 0.94 0.75 ··3.00
i

6 11.00. . 9.50. 8 0.75 0.62 2lso I

1.00 0.75 3.25
8 13.50 11.75 8 0.75 . 0.62 2L50 1.12 0.75 3.50
10. 16.00 . 14.25 12 0.88 0.62 2.75
I
1.19 0.88 . 3.75 1
I I
I
'
12 19.00 17.00 12 1.00 0.62 3.00 . 1.25 0.88 3.75
14 21.00 18.75 12 1.12 0.75 3.50 1.38 . . 1.00 4.25
16 23.50 21.25 16 . 1.12. 0.75 3.so 1.44 ·1.00 4.50
I
18 25.00 22.75 16 1.25 0.75 3.75 · 1.56 1.12 4.75
20 27.50 25.00. 20 1.25 o.75 3.15· 1.69 1.12 5.00
24 32.00 29.50 20 1.38 0.75 loo 1.88 1.25 5.00
I
30 38.75 36.00 28 1.50 0.88 4.50 .2.12 1.25 ·6.25
36 46.00 42.75 32 1.62 0.88 4.75 2.38 1.50 7.00'
42 53.00 49.50 36 1.75 1.00. $.25 2.62 1.50 7.50
I
I
48 59.50 56.00 . 44 2.00 1.00 $.75 2.75 1.so·. 7.75
54 66.25 62.75 44 2.25 1.00 6.25 3.00. 1.75 8.50
60 73.00 69.25 52 2.25 1.12 . f.25. 3.12 1.75 8.75

72 86.50 82.50 60 2.50 1.12 ~:is 3.50 1.75 9.50

84 99.75 95.50 64 2.75 1.25 b.50 3.88 2.00 10.50
96 113.25 108.50 68 3.00 1.25 .00 4.25 2.25 11.50
I

25 lb flanges have 45 psi non-shock pressure rating in 4 to 36" sizes and 25!1b in 42-96".sizes up to 150°F. ··
125 .lb flanges (Class B) have non-shock working pressure rating or 200 psiiin 1 to 12" sizes, 150 psi in 14 to 48" sizes
up to 150°F. · I
From American Nationa' Standard -ANSI B 16.1. !
I

7-5
 . .. . .. :

·1) lngersoll·Dresser Pum1ts ·. •. Ca~eron HydraulicData

·. . --··--oimehsioris .of Cast lr9n Pipe Flanges (Continued) •. · · ·
· American National Stahdard
dimensions in inches··

.. 250 lb standard. · · 800 lb standard·.

Flange Flange·
Nominal . Bolt · Bolts Bolt. Bolts
pipe thick·· circle thick- crrcie
size dia ness d1a no size. ·I 01a ness d1a no size
..
1 '4.88 0.69 3.50 4 0.62
11/4 '5.25 '. 0.75 3.88 4 0.62.
, '12 6.12 0.81 '4.50 .4 . 0.75
' .
:5.00 .. .. ,· 8
2
21/2
6.50'
7.50
0.86'.
'1.00 '
5.00
5.88
8
B
. 0.62'
0.75
.6.50. ·L
7.50 . .. 1.50 .
1.62 5.88 B.
0.62
.• 0.75
3 .8.25 1.12 6.62·· .· B 0.75 '8.25. 1.75 6.62' 8 0.75
-
3\·2 9.00 1.19. 7.25 • B 0:75 9.00 1.88· 7.25 8 ,Q,88
4 10.00. 1.25 7.68 8 0.75
'·
',·· 10,75. 2.12 6.50. . 8 ·, . o:sa
5 11.00 1.38 9.25 8 0.75 13.00' ·2.38 • .10.50 8 1.00
-
6 12.50 '1.44 10.62 12 0.75 14.00 : . ,· 2.50. .·1L50 .· 12 1.00
8 15.00 1.62 13.00, .12 0.88' .16.50 ·. 2.75 ' 13,75' 12 1.12
10 17.50 · 1:aa · 1.5.25 ,16"., 1.00 '20;00 3.12, 17.00 , . .16 '·1.25
12 . 20.50 .• ·2.00' ' 17.75 16 ,'' 1.12 22.00. ', .3.25 . J9.25,, 20 ' 1.25
•.,
14 '23.00 2.12 20.25' 20' 1.12
16 25.50 2.25 22.50 20 1;25, . ''

.. , _·.
18 28:00 2:3a. 24.75 '24: 1.25
20 30.50 '· 2.50. ' 27.00' '24'• . 1.25.
24 36.00 2.75 . 32.00' 24 1.50 " . '

.·: . ' ...

30 43.00' 3:00 ·39.25 · .. 28 1.75
36 '50.00 3.38 46.00' ',· 32 2.oo ,.,
..
42 57.00' 369 52:75 : 36 . 2.00.... ·.
'48 65.00 4.00 60.75 40 '2.00.
'.

:. .....•
. 250 lb flanges (Class 8) have non~shoc~ pressure rating of 500 psi in 1 to 12~ sizes. 300 psjln 14 to 48" sizes up to 1SO"F.. ·· •
·.. 800 lb flanges have non-st:iock hydraulic pressure rating (not steam) of 800 psi up to 150"F. · ·
From Atnerican NBtiona1 Staridard - ANSI B 10:1.: · · · ; ·-· · · · · ·· ·

.. ,.

·: ,,.

·· ... "•••
•••••
•

..:·-
.... "
"

£ : ...

i- (i
 '-"'"""U". -4...a. ..._,"-"""".A. .t' '-"
f
'-J'.L.L ...... JL..&.~ .a.· .L

Flanges nd Flange Fittings

I
Dimensions of Cast Iron Flanged Fittings
25 lb and 125 lb American Nation~I Standard
dimensions in inches [

'D* E*
A B c G:f:
45° Le teratst 'F
I
·Elbows, Long 45° Gate
Nominal tees, radius elbows I short Reducers ·valve
. size*. crosses . elbows · c to f · c to f i
!
· c to f . f to f f to f

r 3.50 5.00 1.75 5.75 i 1.75

1Y4 . 3.75 5.50 2.00 6.25 ! . 1.75
1V2 4.00 6.00 2.25 . 7.00 2.00.

2 4.50 6.50 2.50· 8.00 2.50 5.0 7.0

2V2 5.00 7.00 3.00 9.50 2.50 5.5 · 7.5
3 5.50 7.75 3.00 10.00 3.00 6.0 8.0

3V2 6.00. 8.50 . 3.50 .· 11.50 3.00 6.5 8.5

4 6.50 9.00 4.00 12.00 3.00 7.0 9.0
5 7.50 10.25. 4.50 13.50 3.50 8.0 10.0

6 . 8.00 11.50 . 5.00. 14.50 I 3.50 9.0 10.5.

8 9.oo· 14.00 5.50 . 17.50' . 4.50 11.0 11.5
10 . 11.00 16.50 6.50 20.50 I 5.00 12.0. 13.0

12 12.00 19.00 7.50 ·.. 24.501 5.50 14.0. 14.0,

14 . . 14.00 21.50 1~50 27.00 I 6.00 . 16.0 11.5
. 16 15.00 24.00 8.00 30.00 i 6.50 18.0 12.0
!
'
18 16.50 26.50 8.50 32.00i 7.00 19.0 12.5
20 18.00 29.00 9.50 35.001 8.00 20.0 13.0
24 22.00 34.00 11.00 40.501 9.00 24.0 13.5.

30 25.00 41.50 15.00 49.oo/ 10.00 30.0 15.0

36. 28.00 . 49.00. 18.00 36.0 16.0
42 31.00. 56.50 21.00 i 42.0 17.5
iI
48 34.00 64.00 24.00 48.0 19.5
I
54 39.0 71.50 27.0 21.0
60 44.0 79.00 30.0 . 25.0
72 53.0 94.00 36.0 28.5
!
* No25 lb fittings 1 to 3W' - 54, 60 and 72" fi~ings are 25 lb only.
t No lateral fittings are listed in 25 lb standard! American National Standard -
ANSIB 16.1.
:f Typical - not listed in ANSI standards.
- -t
I-
 -1
I
00 Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
--
,.~
·----·,-
length of pipe i)er
. sq ft of surface area Weigh! Allowable
Diameter Circumference Transverse area · per. working :I
Thick··· External Internal ft of pressure
Sched· External Internal ·ness External ·Internal External Internal surface surface· lengih to 650" F Waler
ule am mer
Size ·00. inches inches Inches··· inches inches sq in sq in feet ' feet lbs lb/sq In
.. ctor ;
"
}I s
x
40
BO.

40
s
X

0.540
0.405

0.364
0.302
--
.0.269
0.215
0.088
0.119
0.068
0.095
1.272
1.272
·1.696
.0.845 .•
0.675'
' 1..144
0.949
0.129
0.129
0.229
.0.057
0.036
0.104
9.431
9.431
7.073
14.199
17.766
10.493
0.24 '
0.31
'' 0.42
1382
3658
-----k-
2237
338
35
85
-a·
0
I

;
',
80 '1.696 0.229 0.072 7.073 12.468 ' 0.54 4270 68,
I --- ·--------- - -. ---- ,_.
40 s ""·
...,=
% '0.675 0.493 0.091 2.121 1.549 •' 0.358. '1.191 5.658 7.748 0;57 1915 01 CJ)
80 x 0.423 1.126 2.121 1,329 0.358 0.1.41 ·. s:s5a .· 9.030 0.7.:i 3712 37
40 s
-
0.840 0.622 0:100
'
2~639 ' ' 1~954
"'
0.554 0.304 ''' 6.141
·----..
2233
·- 63.4
(I)
13,)
C'D
~ '' 4.547 . 0.8q
80 x 0.546. 0.147 ' 2.639 . 1.715. 0.554 • 0.234 ., .4.547 '' 6.99 1.09
1.31 ,'
,3817 82,3 3
'160 0.464 0.188 2~639 ' '1.458 ' ,0,554 0,169 '4.547 '8.23 5674 14 ' (I)

x
xx
···--- -- ---·· ----· --· ...
40: .s 1.050
..... .. ·- --· .,....-· ___ ..... - ....
,· 0.25,2
-·~-----··

0.824
0.294
.O.f13
..;... ...;._.·'.""
2.639.
-.-··---'......:.._.___
'3.299'.
-~-~,:~~~-·
2.589·
' -- .~·=54 ',
0.866
0.050
·-·-~~-...-

.0.533'
. ·--
,' :
4:547··
3;;;~·-
'' 15.15
.·----.,--
4.635
----- . ····--
1.71
4.13
... --- - 1(352'
: .., .....
1891
85
36.1
'

' . ·.·.ca
(/)
(/)'

BO X· '' 0.742 0:154 3:299 2.331 ·.·· 0.866 0:433 ' .3.637 5.15 1.47 3227 44.5 ::E -a
__ ..
160
xx
- ---·-
____ 0.612
._ •
0.434'
0.219
0.308·
~
3.299,
3.299 .
'l.923
1.363
0.866
0:866'
0.294 ,'
·0.148
' .. '3,637
3.637
6.24·
8.80.,
------ -----
1.91
2.44
~-- ...
5542
9175
~·
65.2
30
·C
0
lQ: "'
1 40 s 1.315 1.049 ' 0.133 ·.4: 131 >3.296 1.358 '0.864 2.904 " 3:641 1.68 1994 22.3
80 x 0.957 ,. 0.179 4.131 3.007' 1.358 0.719 ·.2.904 ·3.99 ·.. 2.17 3194 26.8 :J".
.......
'
0.250 '" .· ,4.131> .2.560' ' .1.358 0.522 ' '2.904 ' 4.69 2.04 5195 36.9
. 160 '0' .·' 0.815 (j
xx -0.599' 0.358· ' 4.131 ' ', 1.882 1.358. 0.282' 2.904 6.38 3.66 '8647
_.:...;.___
·-
68.3 !!.? ~
rn
80
160
40 s
x
1.660 1:380
.. 1.278
,' 1.160
'0.140
0.191
0.250
5.215'
'• 5.215 '
5.21s··• ·
4.335
4.015
;.3.645
"
2.164
2.164
2.164 . ·
1.495
'1.283
.1.057 .'
2.301
'2.301
2.301
•2.768
'·.2.99
'3.29
- 2.27
3.00
3.76
1406
2424
3671
"' 15.0
12.9
18.2
<Di
.nr,
.,,
' sco
xx
- - ,.. __ 1307
0.896 0.382 5.215· .. · .2.815 .• ,' 2.164, OJ~31 .. 2.301 ···4.26 5.21 6762 30.5 ' -~ '"i
. ,•
''5.969·· _. 5.osa··. ·
. '

' " 2.010

" --
2.72
- _:__ . . "'C,
9.46 '. '' (I) 0·
1~ 40 S. '1,900 1:610 ,0.145' 2.835 ,'' 2036 '2.372 ,' l:j,
80' x 1;500 "· 0.200···· 5.969 4.712 ' '2.835' . 1.7.67, 2.010 ·.. 2.55 3.63 2260 0:9:
.160 1.338 ,, ' 0.281 '5.969 ' 4;2os 2.835 1.406 ' 2.010 ,·· 2.86 4.86 3752 3.7
.""'~·.
XX. 1.100 ,' 0.400 ' .5.969'. 3~456 2'.835 '•• 0.950 2.010 ',·. 3.47 6.41 '6158 20.3
i
'
~,

-< .
2 40 s 2.375 ,, 2.067 0.154 '7.461. 6.494 " 4.430' 3.555 '1.608 1.847 3.65 1159 5.74 . ..o,...·
80 x 1.939 0.218 ,• .i.461 6.092 4.430 2.953 1.608 1.97 ' 5.02 2038 6.52.
r ·~
. .4.430 2.235' ..1.608 . 2.26 7.46 ' '3890 8.60
160 1.687 0.344' .', 7.461 ' 5.30() ~·

xx 1.~03 0.436 '' 7.461 5:300 4.430 1.774 1.608 2.54 9.0:f 5:156 10.9 l
.. - ' .. : i::·
2~ 40 .S
80 x
2.875 2.469
2.323
0.203
0.276
'9.032
9.032
7.757
7.298
6.492
6.492
6.492 ',
4.788
4.238
3.545
.1.328
1:328
..1.328
"
' 1.547 '
'' 1.64
·, 1.80 .
5.7!l
7.66
10.01
' 1498
2339
3540
4.02
4.54
5.43
!'

" .....
........
('j
'

160 1•.125 0.375 9.032. '. 6.676.

xx 13~69
1.771 0.552' 9.032·.. 5.564 ', '·,, 6.492 1.391'
Solocted from AN!ll/ASMF. B36.10M ..., 1f1As·. and 831.1 -" 1992 "Power Piping". S =Standard. X ..., Exira i::lronn. XX ,. Ooubla exlm strong..
1.328 '

Atlownhlo wmklnu p10::11111nr.-ba11ocl uh <~111110 B 11ipo, lonsllo· slronnth to.ooo Jisl minimum. Allowuhln wo1kln1111ror.su1os mi> from -,20''.f .lo 650'.:F.
2 ..16 5878 7.82
u
'' ·$:i:J
AHowoblo working pmssuros for Gmdo A pipo from ·20''F to 650"F ore 80% ol Gmde B plpn. · : , '. · . · "· · .· · .•:. · · r-+
~·
Water hammer factors should be. used to reduce. allowable wor!dng pressure by the amount of flow ln gprn times water hammer lactor. .. . , . .
Addilional thickness allowance for threading, mechanical strength and/or Cf:)rroslon Is included: 0.05 Inch for' pipe sizes 1 Inch. and smaller and 0.065 inch for pipe sizes over ,1 inch. ·

~~ ~·

•·•i•,••.ttttP"'tt·•H••••P••-9·.-.,9·~.-.9~,,.9'1'9'·9·"9._farlfl·~AflA l . . • . , .\ ' ' • . ~~ ·.. . " ~ ' ; '. ·. , J • . -·· ' ; . ' ,,,.... . . .. f ...
~·~.~~-~~~-~-~-~--'-·c_~--'~'~'~'9~."~'-.J.'-'~'..;,.,",,~,~~,~~~f!jJ>,~•1'.~.~~··~·,o~~·,·····-···:• ·~··_, -._:·~
---······

Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe

. . . . . .• .

. ·-·
length ot pipe per·
sq ft or surface area Weight Allowable
Diameter Circumference Transverse area Fterof working
--·- Thick- External Internal pressure
Schad· · External Internal ness External Internal External Internal surface surf ace length to sso• F Waler
hammer
ule
inches inches inches ·inches ·inches sq in sq in feet feet lbs lb/sq in factor
Size no
9.638 9.621 7.393 1.091 1.245 7.58 1341 2.60
f3 40 ·S 3.500 3.068 0.216 10.996
10.996 9.111 9.621 6.605 1.091 1.32 10.25 2129 2.92
80 ·X
160
2.900
2.624
0.300
0.438 10.996 8.244 9.621 5.408 1.091 1.46 14.32 3495 3.56 en
1.091 1.66 18.58 52.25 4.64 a>
xx 2.300 0.600 10.996
....-.
7.226 9.621 4.155
---·.....-.-- ... '1>
--- ... ----·- ----- 0.226 12.566 .
··---·
11.146
·~--

12.566 9.886 0.954 1.076

...... ---~--

9.11
··--
1248 1.94 3
31/2 40 ·S 4.000 3.548
1.14 12.50 1999 2.17
80 -X 3.364 0.316 12.566 10.57 12.566 8.888 0.954 CD
4835 3.29
xx 2.726 0.636. 12.566 8.57 12.566 5.845 0.954 1.40
--- fl)
fl)
4.500 4.026 0.237 14.137 12.648 15.904 12.703 .0.848 0.948 10.79 1193 1.51
40 ·S
4
80 ·X 3.826 0.337 14.137 12.020 15.904
15.904
11.497
10.315
0.848
0.848
o.99a
1.05
14.98
19.00
1905
2663
1.67
LR7
:E
....
120 3.624 0.438 14.137 11.39
14.137 15.90-I 9.2A2 0.8'18 . 1.11 22!il J:l07 200 0
mo 3.1136 ·0.531 10.80
c

-
xx 0.674 14.137 9.90 15.904 7.803 0.648 . 1.21 27.54 l\!i53 2.41
----·-- ·-·---
3.152
~·--·---- --- - - ------- ·-·-- -- ·- -•-•• w-.-~ ""- ·- .. CQ
5 40 ·S 5.563 5.047 0.258 11.4n 15.856 24.306 20.006 0.686 0.756 14.62 1071 0.960 ::r
15.120 24.306 18.19 0.686 0.793 20.78 1950 1.06
80 x 4.813 0.375 17.477
120 4.563 ·. 0.500
0.625
17.477
17.477
14.34
13.55 .
24.036
24.036
16.35
14.61
0.686
0.666
0.837
0.697
27.04
32.98
2502
3284
1.18
1.32 ~
('D
160 4.313
38.56 4098 1.49 ·~
xx
-
4.063 0.750 17.477
.
12.76' 24.306 12.97 0.686 0.897
------ ..------ ··-·~·- !!. ....-
0.280 20.813 19.054 34.472 28.891 0.756 0.629 18.97 1000 0.666 "O ~
6 40 ·S
80 ·X
6.625 6.065
5.761
5.501
0.432
o.562
20.813
20.813
18.099
17.29
34.472.
34.472
26.07
. 23.77.
0.756
0.756.
0.663
0.695
28.57
36.39
1739
2394
0.738
0.810
;:;· t.:1
crq
c~
120 0.756 0.736 45.35 3215 0.912 CD
160 5.187. . 0.719 . 20.813 16.30 34.472 21.13 ct>. (j

-
53.18 4004 1.02
xx
'""'2if.................
4.897 0.864 . 20.813 15.38 . 34.472 18.83 0.756 0.780
22.36 655
00 m "
,...... >-·
·--13:125 - -:~:c-0.250--- ·--.-27,096-..--~ --25.53. ___ ._.58.43 __ , 51.87 ' . 0.443 0.470
8 8:625 -srso-. .-.... ...- ... ·0:-.143..-·'-'-· --1):473-- -24:7-0- --752--H ~·-.::J._
30 8.071 . o.2n
0.322
. 27.096
27.096
25.39
25.07
58.43
58.43 50.03
~
·. 0.443 0.473 28.55 916 .~ ~-c "'
40 $ 7.981
0.443 0.489 36.64 1225 ::s
60
BO x
7.813
7.625
0.406 .
. 0.500
27.096
27.096
24.54
23.955
58.43
58.43
47.94
45.66 0.443 0.500 43.39 1577 c: c... =
43.44 0.443 0.514 50.95 1935 CD 1-Tj ~
100
120
140
7.437
7.187
7.001
0.594
0.719
0.812
27.096
27.096
27.096
23.36
22.58
21.99
58.43
58.43
58.43
40.56
38.50
0.443
0.443
0.532
0.546
60.71
67.715
2422
2792
a .......
$:'.I::>
~
~
0.443 0.556 72.42 3046
xx 6.875 0.875· 27.096 21.60 58.43 37.12
t.:1
160 6.813 (l.906 . 27.096 21.40 58.43 36.44 0.443 0.561 74.69 .. 3173 · - . crq ('
Selected lrom ANSl/ASME B36.10M-1985 and B31. t -1992. ct> t
See notes page 7-8.
1-Tj
1-1.
~>
~
I
-J
ti
=~
1-1.

crq
f./)
~.
(!)
i

...
•
• . .·~· __ ....___-·· ·-·
. ··-··--~-

.... ·--·-----
....... _...................-...
-.. -....--... _.. . -
. ... ···--- -----·
 -.J
.......
0
I

,. - . . ·-- . --·
Diameter
seamless wrought steel Pipe

Circumference·.
~

Transverse area
Length of pipe per ·
sq fl.of surface area
-~

per
~-

Weight.
-r----.. ----··---· . . .
Allowable
working
-··-·~·-·- --
·"-'·
:I
I . Internal
Thick· .
ness
I I·
External · . ·. Internal
I •·External internal
External.
surface
.. Internal
suiface
fl of
lenglh
pressure
lo 650" F Waler U1
Schad· External
----· .. . - - .. ·- .. -·· ·· hnmmer · CD
;:
~-.-- ~-·-- --~
ule . _,._.,. ""---:-·n --• f -•~~-·--·---:---•---·•-,••-~---

.
feel. lbs lb/sq in factor ·
Size no inches inches inches . Inches Inches in ,5qin feel
- --
·--l:J·
··----

10 20 10.750 10.250 0.250 .33.77 32.20 90.76 .. 82.52 0.355 0.373· 28.04 523 .233 o.··
. 33.7.7 31.64 90.76 80.69 0.355 0.377. 34.24 688 .239
30. 10.136 0.307
40 s 33.77 31.48 90.76 7,8.85 . 0.355. 0.381 40.48 . 856 .244 •· ..

60 x .
10.020
. 9. 750
0.365
. ·. . 0.500 . 33.77. 30.63 90 ..76.. · . 74.66. .: 0.355 . 0.392 54.14 1255 .2sa en.
. 60 9.562. 0.594 . 33.77 .30.04 .. 90.76 . 71.81 0.355 . 0.399 64.43 . 1537: .268 co:
. 100 9.312 0.719 33.77
33.77
29.25•
. 28:48
. 90.76
90.76
GB.10.
64.50
0.355 ..
0.355
0.410
0.421
77.03
89.29
1918
2308
.283
.299
D>'
3 ii
....,,
120 .· 9.062 .· .. 0.844 . . .. 0.355 . 2804.
.60.13. 0.437 104.13 .320 -
140. xx 8.750 1.000 . 33.77 .·· 27.49. 90.76
0.449: 115.64 3211 .340 <D; fill
.... 33,77 · 26.70 90;76.·.· __56.75 ._ . 0.355
1so.
. ------.
6.soa··
'·------ --
1.12s·
---~--·--.· ---
i __ .
----- -·--· _.. _.:.-·--·-· -·· ----- . ·--· . ·-r-·· .<ti, CD
12 . . . 12.250· 0.250 40'.06 38:46 . 127.68 117:86 0.299 0.312 33.38 440 .163 . ·~
20. 12:750.
12c090 0;330. 40.06 . 37.98 121:68; 1100 0.299 .0:316 . 43.?7 . 634 .1-68 . ~'·
30
s 12.000.
11.938 .
·o.375
0.406
40.06
40.06 •.·
37.70 ..
. ·. 37,50
127.68 .•
127.68
113.10 .·
.. 111.93
0.299
0.299
•o.318 ..
.· 0.320
49.56
53.52
744
820
.170
.172
., .
0 .. . c: .
40.

60
. x .. 11.750
. 11.626.
0.500
. Q.562 .
0.668·· ..
. 40.06·
40.06 .
. 36.91
.36:52
127.68
127.68
127.68 .··
108.43'·. ·.
106.16
.. 106.61
0.299 ·.·.
. 0.299 ..
0.299
'0.325
0:329
. 0.336
65.42 .
73.15
. 88.63
1052
1207
1526
..178
.. 181
:190·
c
(Q
:::r ..
a
'II
ao 11.374. 40.06 35.73
1927
"'
-·
40.06. 34.75 127.68 .· 96.11. 0.299 0.345 107.32.
100 .. 11.062. ·.· . 0.844 ...200 -··
120 xx . 10.750 .moo··· 40:06· . 33:77 127.68· 90'76
86.59
.0.299 ·.
0.299.
. 0.355·
0:364 ...
. 125.49
139.67
2337 .
2672
212
.222
en
140 . 10.500 . 1.125 40.06 ·32.99. 127.68
1.312 ... 40.06 . ·. 127.68 . 80.53. 0.299 . 0.377 . 160.27 . 3183 :.23~ CD
160 . 10.126' 31.St·
---- -- -0.283 ....:. -- ... -- CD
' . . ......... """ ·-·-. ··--·' -::-'"' -----. .- -- ··--·! .. ...: •. _ ·-. -· _, ----- ----1-·----·~- .--.----· ~

36.71 •
: ___

401
.
. .134 LJ
10 .· 0.250 .·. 43.96. 42.41 153.94 1~3.14 • 0.272. p:>.
14
20.
30 s
.14.000 13.500.
13.376
13.250
0.312
0.375
.43.98 .
43.98 .
42.02
41..63 ..
. .41.23
153.94.
153.94 .
.. 153.94
~§n~
· 135.2a·
0.272
0.272.
0.272 .
. ·.. 0.286.
o.2as·
.0.291
45.61
54.57
63.44
537
676
' 817
.137
.138
.1'12
' "D .·-·
"D
Cl) . s
40 . .13.124 . 0.'!138 . 43.96 .("t)
. ·. x .. 13.000 .. .43.98 40.84 . •153.94·.. ·.132.73 ··:. 0.272. .·0.294· 72.09 956 .145 -.i
0.500 1169 .149
. 0~272 ·o.298. 85.05
60 . 12.612 . 0.594. 43,98 . 40:25 . ·.153.94 . 128.92
.122.72 ·... 0.272• . 0.306. 106.13 1528 .157 0 0""'"
80; . . ·12:500' . o.750 . 43.98 . 39.26 . 153.94 .
0.315. 130.85 . 1969. .167
0
153.94 U5.45 ·0.212 :::s
.100 12.124 0:938 .43.98. 30:09
153.94 110.77 .0:212 0.322 150.79. 2265 ,174 l::1
120 .. 11.876 1.062 . 43.98 37.31
2724 .:185 ::t·'
140 . ,11.500
,· fl.188 ·.
1;2SO· 43.98
43.98
36.13
. 35.• 15
. 153.94 .
153.94 .
.•·.103.87
93.31
0:121
0.272
0.332
' 0.341
170.21
. 189.11 3112• .206
:::s
c: .•·O::: .
1.406 ' ·- . -
160
Selected from ANSl/ASME 836. 10M - 1985 imd 831. 1 - 1992.
See notes page 7·8.. · · · ·
. . . _ -.. .
-·-·~--·-··4-....... ·-· -· .
a
......_
.
·<
·~
0...
. ti:>
. ~·
............
.........
. ()
·.

0
$lJ ..
!"'"I".
fl,') ...

~·
;, .·

••t•~ ..··•W•·,,_,.. •.,....,.,.,....-,-..-.•~··~·~··"'···~•.A

 .
··;~·:~~,~)~~~~'~'..·~~ '~'~~~"--~~~~0,J~l'l':.J'~:tt~~~-~~.-~~~~', _ ,~~-~~~~~~.,.~·-~--··~·~~•:•· ·····,··
l

Seamless Wrought Stee;1 Pipe. .

---~· .......... . ·--··
length of pipe per
I sq ft of surface area Weight Allowable
Diameter Circumference Transverse area per working

-.. _ --·-
Thick- I External Internal II of pressure
· Sched- External Internal ness External Internal External . Internal surface surface length la 650" F Waler

Size
ule
no
--- . Inches inches
--- ·---···
_ _..__
inches inc~es _ · l._. ~~c~!~--' -·_sq~ .L-~~q_-in-_-_-•.-1_1~---_-,.!!_t_ _l __r~~! ~=r=--'~~ ~ lb/sq in
·hammer
faclor

15.500 0.250 50.27 48.69 . 201.06 Hl8.69 .239 .246 42.05 350 .102 .
16 10 16.000
16.000 15.376. 0.312 50.27 48.31 201.06 185.68 .239 .248 52.27 469 .104
20 590 .105
30 s 16.000 15.250 0.375 50.27 47.91 201.06 1,82.65 .239 .250 62.58
.255 8::!.77 834 .109 CJ)
40 x 16.000 15.000 0.500 50.27
50.27
47.12
46.14
201.06
. 201.06
1176.71
1;sa.44
.239
.239 .260 107 50 1142 .114 cu
60 16.000 14.688 0.656
14.312 0.844 50.27 44.96 201.06 160.88 .239 .267 136.61 1520 .120 DJ
80 16000
100 16.000 13.938 1.031 50.27 43.79 201.06
1
152.58
1144.64
.239
.239
«274
.282
164.82
192.43
1903
2296
.126
.133
3
120 16.000 13.562 1.219 50.27 42.61 201.06 m
16.000 13.124 1.438 50.27 41.23 201.06 1135.28 .239 .291 223.64 2764 .142
140 .298 245.25 3104 .149 f/J
160 16.000 12.812 1.594 50.27 40.25 . 201.06 1•28.92. .239 f/J
I I I .. - - - - .. ·~--·-·-

18 10 18.000 17.500 0.250 . 56.55 54.98 254.47 ~40.53 .212 .218 42.39 312 .080 ~
20
s
16.000
18.000
17.376
17.250
0.312
0.375
56.55
56.55
56.55
54.98
' 54.19
53.80.
254.47
254.17
254.47
. ~37.13
~33.71
230.30
.212
.212
.212
.220
.221
.223
58.94
70.59
82.15
416
524
632
.OBI
.082
.084
ac:
-
30 18.000 17.124 0.438
)( 18.000 17.000 0.500 56.55 53.41 254.47 226.98 .212 .225 93.45 739 .085 cc
40 18.000 16.876 . 0.562 56.55 53.02 254.47 223.68 .212 .226 104.67 847 .086 . ::r
60. 18.000 16.500. 0.750 . 56.55 51.84 254.47 213.82 .212 .231 138.17 1178 .090
·0.938 56.55 . 50.66 254.47 . 204:19 . .212 .. 237 207.96 1514 .094 (/) ........
80
100
18.000
18.000
16.124
15.688 . 1.156 5e.5s
. 56.55
· 49.29
47.92
_ 254.47
254.47
100.ao
.182.77
.212
.212
:24a
.250
244.14
274.22
• 1911
2318
.100
.105
c;-
<D
~
PJ
120 18.000 15.255 1.375
140 18.000 . . 14.876 1.562 . 56.55 46.73.. . 254.47 173.80 .212 . .257 . 308.50 2673 . l 11 - Jo-lj /'

18.000 14.438 1.781· 56.55 45.36 254.47 163.72_ .212 .265 . 3096 . j 18 -0 1-1 \.. ·1
160
. -· ·~ Q,
20 10 20.000 19.500 0.250 62.83 61.26 314.16' 298.65 . .191 . .196 46.27 280 .064 "t:J C't> CJ
t---- ~~20._ s.~. _· 20.000 .19.250 o.a15 ~~.83 60.48 314.16 291.04 .191 .198 1e.60_ 471 .066 m CfJ <"' 11

30 x -20:000-···-· ----19,000- -----0•.soo._._.... - -.. 59,651............ ··---~H,.Bt .......... 283:53............. .1e1 .201 104.13 664 .068
-.. .
· -.-:rn····~-·· -·-·-···-";203-- -t23-:H-.. ··--8H-~--.Q69--.-.(.)- _$);:) __·-~-
a'll
40 20.000 10.812 o.594 92.83 59.10 · 314.16 217.95
so 20.000 18.376 0.812 62.83 57.73 314.16 ~65.21. .191 .208 166.40 1155 .073 Q . ~ ,,.
:::J .-. . "'
80
mo
120
20.000
20.000
20.000
17.938
11.438
17.000
1.031
1.281 ·
1.500
62.83
62.83
62.83
56.35
54.78
53.41
314.16
314.16
314.16
252.72
:;:52.12
226.98
.191
.191
.191
.213
.219
.225
208.87
2se.10
296.37
1507
1s11
2284
.076
.001
.085
::!'
::i·
~ =
140 20.000 16.500 1.750 62.83 51.84 314.16 ~13.82 .191 .231 341.09 2710 .090 c: f::l ~
160 20.000 16.062 • 1.969 62.83 50.46 314.16. 202.62 .191 .238 379.17 3091 .095 (I) ~ =
Selected from ANSI/AS ME B36.10M '.".' 1985 and 831.1 -1992. 1. ·····- -~ .~ C
~~~~
I
~·
C't> s
~2
..... loo
~
,_.. ,..
~ loo
-:i ~-~
~
~
I
CfJ c

•••. .
 -J
1111111
......
I Seamlef5s Wrought Steel Pipe
Nl ------·----
Diameter
--··--.--·-· ....... .
··--·~

~-·· ···---· ~-·--

------.

. Thick·
-
Circumference
·------ ·-·---·-··
r·- ---·
. Transverse area .
...
.;. -----~- --:....- -- ------· --··
l

------
Length of pipe per
sq It ol surface area

Exiemal
surface
--
-----··~-·-··-

Internal
surf ace
---·-··---·
Weight
per_
fl ol
lengih
--··-··········-:-~=-----

Allowable
working
pressure
lo 650n F Water
U2
-"""
:s
C'D'

:·--••
Internal External Internal
Schad· External Intern.al ness External
-- .. ·--·- ---~·-···--·-·-- hammer
ule -·- .. feet tbs lb/sq in . factor
Size no inches inches . inches inches inches sq in sq in feet
-- ---- ---- ... __ ,, .. ~--···. .. ~ - .-
· · - · - - -· - - -
24. I 10
10
24.000
24.000
23.500
23.438.
0.250
0.281
75.40
75.40.
73.83
73.63
452.4
452.4
433.7
431.5
.159
.. 159
.159
.163
.163
.164
63.41 .
71.18
.. 94:62
233
272
392
.. 044
.045
.045
20 s
)(
24.000
24.000
. 23.250
23.000..
0.375 .
0.500
75.40
75.40 ...
73.04
72.26.
. 71.87
452.4
452.4
452.4
424.6
415.5
411.0
.159.
.159
..166
.167
125.49
140.68
552
635
.046
.047
CJ)
CD a
30 24.000 22.876. 0.562 75.40 795 .048. m
40
60.
. 24.000
24.000
22.624
. ·.22. 062..
. 0.688
0.969 ..
. 75.40
.75.40 .
71.08
69;31 .
·. 452.4
452:4
402.0.
382.3
365.1
.159
.159.
.159
.169
.173
.177
171.29
238.45
296.SB
1165
1500
.050
. .053
3.
ii
m
BO 24.000 2.1.562 1.219 ' 75.40 67.74 452.4
.182 . 367.39 1927 .056
"'Cl
en: .
.,,.
24.000 .· 20.938 . 1.513 '75.40 65.78 •. 452.4. 344.3' .159
100 ·429.39 2319 .059.
120 24.000 . 20.376. 1.812 15.:40 .64.01 452:4 326.1 .159
.159
.187.
.192 . 483.t2 ·. ' 2674 .062 en 1111.
2.062 75.40. 62.44 452.4 . 310.3
140 24.000
24.000
19.876
19.31.2 2.344 75.40 60.67 452.4 292.9 .159 ;197
- ---·--
542.ia 3083
--··-
.066 ~
..,
160 - ·-----~··
c:
30 .I 10
s
30.000· 29.376
29;250
0.312.
0.375
94:25
94.25.
92.29·
91.89
706.9
706.9
677.8
672.0 .
.. 127
.127
.130· ..
.131
98.93
118.65
254
313
.028
.029
0
c:
te··· .,.a
-·....
30.000 660.5 .127'. .132 .. 157.33 . 440 .029 . .
x· . 0.500. 94.25 . 9U1 ...· 706.9.
20 30.000 . 29.000
. 649.2 .127 .133 .• 196.08 568 .030 ::r
30 30.000. 26.750 0.625 94.25 90.32 . 706.9
-·- · - ·-----· - - - - - ---· .. en
-- 35.376. 0.312 113.10 . 111.14 1017.9 982.9. .• .106 .108 118.92 207 .020 CJ)
36 I 10 36.000 110:14 ·. 975,9. .. 106 ·.1oa .142.68 260 .020 .· CD .
.s 36.000 35.250 .. . b.375 . 113.10 1017.9'
.106 .109 189.57 366 .020
20 x 36·000·. 35.000 .· 0.500.
0:625
. 113.10

____113.10
10s:sa
109.17
1017.9
1017.9
962.1
948.4 .106 . ·. .110 . 263.13 473 .020
-
CD
n
,,
30 36.000 34.750 .111 282.35 580 .021 p.:i·.
·~·
93(8 .106
40 36.000
--- ...
34.500 ..
···--
____
.:_.......:
0.750 ...;..._·. •·.113.10 .. ...... 108.38 .
-------.-·
101.7.9
•- . ....:.-·.·-·7- -.---~-

. .091
.. - -···-----·--
.093 -
. .. ..... -:· ...
166.7.1
~

223
-· -
.014 ·~
. 0.375 . 131.95 129. 59 . 1385.4 . 1336.4. >-J
42 I s 42.000 41.250 .
..091 . .093 . 221.jll 313 .015 . CD. . ("t)
x 42.0.00 41.000: 0.500. 131,95
.....
128.81 1385:4 1322.3.
.01r
.-.. . J-t..
·.081 · 190.74 195 0

-
:150.80 148.44 . 1809.6 . 1753~5 .0.80
48 I s 48.000 .:47.250. 0.375
150.80. 147.65 1809.6 1734.9 .080 .081
----·-··-·-- ..
253.65
.,...
274 ..0.11 c 0
x 48.000 47.000 0.500
··- - ·---- ~-.~-··
:::J, ·.·~
Selected from ANSllA?ME B36.10M .:1995 anifB31.1 - 1992.
5:
~·..
See notes page 7·8.
c::
Q); ·~<::

-S 'O.,..
·1-i ..
SJ:)
i::
,_...,
.......
(')
j
'· ·oSJ:)
r-+-
~ ·
.. j
l

~
.I .
··-.·

••••••tt•n••_... •.,.._._.,._,.9M<i'-'t"-'•A•A••AtA • • ·" • • ·- • ••• ,' ' • ,f : •• ·~ • ••· • ' • ,.:' /·. j /, . . . ' ./"•
 Steel Pipe Flanges American
.
National
I
Standard

Length thru hub in

Out· ·Flange I
Norn· side thick- Th~eaded
mal Flange flange · ness Diameter slip-on
pipe rating d1a tmm) bolt socket Welding
size psi in in circle welding Lapped neck
I
1

Y2 150 3.50 0.44 2.375 0.62 0.62 1.88

300 3.75 0.56 2.625 /o.88 0.88 2.06
400 3.75 0.56 2.625 i0.88 0.88 2.06
600. 3.75 0.56 2.625 10.88 0.88 2.06
900 . 4.75 0.88 3.25 '1.25 1.25 2.38
1500 4.75 0.88 3.25 11.25 . 1.25 2.38
2500 5.25 1.19 3.5 1.56 1.56 2.88

3t4 150 3.88 0.50 2.75 0.62 . 0.62 2.06

300 .4.62 0.62 3.25 1.00 1.00 2.25
400 4.62 0.62 3.25 1.00 1~00 2.25
600 4.62- 0.62. 3.25 1.00 1.00 2.25
900 5.12 1.00 3.5 1.38 1.38 2.75
1500 5.12 1.00 3.5 1.38. 1.38 2.75
2500 5.50 1.25 3.75 1.69 .1.69 3.12
1 150 4.25 0.56 3.125 0.69 0.69 2~19
· .. 300 4.88 0.69 3.5 .· 1.06' 1.06 2.44
400 4.88 0.69 3.5 1.06 1.06 2.44
600 4.88. 0.69 3.5 1.06 1.06 2.44
900 5.88 1.12 4.0 1.62 1.62 2.88
1500 5.88 1.12 4.0 1.62 1.62 2.88·
2500 6.25 1.38 .4.25 1.88 1.88 3.50
. 1 v. 150 4.62 0.62 3.5 . . 0.81 0.81 ··2.25
300 5.25 0.75 3.875'• 1.06 1.06 2.56
400 5.25 0.81 3.875 1.12 1. 12 2.62
600 5.25 0.81 . 3.875 1. 12 1.12 2.62.
900 6.25 1.12 4.375 1.62 1.62 2.88
1500 6.25 1:12 4.375 1.62 1:62 2.88
2500 7.25 1.50 . 5.125 2.06 2.06· 3.75

1Y2 150 5.00 0.69 3.875 0.88 0.88 ·2.44

300 6.12 0.81 4.5 1. 19 1.19 . 2.69
400. 5:12 0.88. 4.5 1.25 · 1.25 2.75
600 6.12 0.88 4.5 1.25 · 1.25 2.75.
900 7.00 1.25 4.875 1.75 1.75 3.25
1500 7.00. 1;25 4.875 1.75 1.75 3.25
2500 8.00 1.75 5.75 2.38 . 2.38 4.38

2 150 6.00 0:75 .· 4.75 1.00 . 1.00 ... 2.50

300 6.50 0.88 5.0 . 1.31 1.31 2.75
400 .. 6.50. 1.00 5.0 1.44 1.44 2.88
600 6.50 1.00 5.0 1.44 ·. 1.44 2.88
900 8.50 1.50 6.5 2.25· 2.25 4.00
1500 . 8.50 1.50 6.5 2.25 2.25 4.00
2500 . 9.25 2.00 6.75 2.75 . 2.75 5.00

2Y2 150 7.00 0.88 5.5 1.12 1. 12 2.75

300 7.50 1.00 5.875 1.50 1.50 3.00
400 7.50 1.12 5.875 . 1.62 t.62 3.12
600 7.50 . 1.12 5.875 1.62 ·. · 1.62 3.12
900 9.62 1.62 7.5 2.50 2.50 4.12
1500 9.62 1.62 7.5 2.50 2.50 4.12
2500. · 10.50 2.25 7.75 3.12 3.12 5.62

From ANSI B 16.5. · · · I . · -

Slip-on welding not in 2500 lb rating. and only in 1Y2 to 2112 sizes; for 1500 lb rating and 1Y2 to 3 in sizes
for 150 lb rating. · · · · ' ! . ·
.Socket welding not in 400. 900 and 2500 lb ratings and only in '12 to 2Y2 sizes for 1500 lb rating and Y2 to 3"
sizes in 300 lb rating. .. i
Threaded in 1500 lb rating from h to 12 in sizes only. ·

7-13
- - ···-·-:--------------:--;----;-----------,-------------~-------­

:c-
.,

lngersoll·Dresse~ PQmps. Cameron Hvdraulic Data

. ' J. .

.. 9 ·
Ste.el Pi'pe flan·g:es . ·· · American

I
National Standard ·(cont.)·

length thru huo in

Out- Flange
Nom· side .thick- Threaded
in al Flange ·fl.anage ness Diameter shp-on.
pipe
size
rating
psi.
d1a
in
(min) .
in
bolt
circle
socket.
··.welding Lapped.
Welding
. neck
1-
.-
3 150 7.50 0.94 6 , .19 1.19 2.75
300 . a.~5 1. 12 6.625 1.69 1.69 . 3.12

c·:
400 B.25 1.25 6.625 1.81 . 1.81 3.25
600 8;25 1.25 6.625 '. 1.81 1.81 3.25·
900 9;50 1.50 ' . 7.5 2.12 . 2.12 . 4.00
1500 10.50 1.88 8.0 ,' 2.88 2:88 4.62 .
. 2500

3V2
12:00

a.so
2.62
0.94 .•
9.0 3.62- 3.62 6.62
fa·
150 7 1.25 1.25

I
2.81
300 9.00 '1. 19 7.25 . 1.75 . 1.75 '• 3.19.
400 9.00 1.38 7.25 1.94 1.94 .· 3.38 .•

>.
600 9.00 1.38. 7.25' 1.94 (94 3.38
900
1500
.2500

·. ~
4 150 9.00 0.94 7.25. 1.31 1 ;31 3.00
. 300. .10.00 i:2s. 7.875. 1.88 ·.. . · 1.88 3.38 ·.--.·1·
',

. .
;

400 10.00 1.38 7;875 . 2.00 2,00 3.50 .

600 10.75. .J.50 . 8.5 2.i2 2;12 4.00

. 900 11.50· 1.75 . ' S.25· . 2.75 · .. . 4.50.
.2.75 ,•' . I

• -1500 12.25 2.12 . . 9.5 3.56 .

t
3.56 . 4.88
2500 14~00 3.00 ,' 10.75 4.25 4~25 7_.50
5 150 10.00 0.94 8.5 1.4,4 1.44 '3;50
300 , 1.00 1.38 . 9.25 2.00 2.00· .3.88
1.50-•...

'"·c:.
400 11.00 9.25 ... 2.12 .. 2.i2 ... • . 4.00
600 13.00 1.75. 10.5 2.38 ·. 2.38 4.50
.900 13.75 2.00· 11 .o 3.12 ,3.12 ... 5.00
1soo 14.75 2:aa 11.S . 4.12 4.12 .6.1~
2500 16.50 3.62. 12.75.. · 5.12 5.12. 9.00.

·"£
6 150 11.00 .1.00 ·.. 9.5·' 1.56 .1.56 3.50
300 12.50 1.44 10.625 .. 2,06' . . 2.06 3.88 :, ,'

400 12.50 1.62 ·10.625 2.25.' .. 2.25. 4.06

600 14.00 1.88 . 11.5 2.62 .. 2.62 ··. 4.62.
900 15.00 2.19 12.5 3.38 .. 3~38 . 5.50
1500 15.50 '3.25. '. 12.5 4.69 4.69 6.75
2500 19;00 4.25. . 14.5 6 . 00 6~00 . 10.75

·-t
8 150 13.50 . i12 ·.n.75... 1.75 1.75 .. .·4,00
300 15.00 1.62 13.0 2.44 2.44. '4.38 ..·
.400 15.00 1J38. •. 13.0 2.69 ·2.69 4.62
600 16.50 _2.19 .. 13.75 3.00 3.00 5.25
900 18~50 . 2.50 15.5 4.00 '4.50. .. ·.6.38
1500 19.00 3.62 . 15.5 5.62 5.62. .. 8.38 ..
··2500
150
21.75
16.00
5.00.
1.19.
'17.25
14.25
7.00
1.94
7.00
··. 1.94.
·12.50

4.00
.·---
·t
•
300. 17.50 1.88 • 15.25. 2.62 3,75 4.62'
400 17.50. 2.12 15.25. 2.88. .· 4.0Q 4.88
600 20.00 2.50 17.0. 3.38 '4.38 6.00 ..
21.so

t•
.900 2.75 18.5 4.25 5.00 7.25 .
1500 23.00 4.25. 19.0 6.25 7.00. 10.00
2500 26.50 . 6.50 21.25 . 9.00 9.00 16.50
From ANSI 8 16.5. . ·. . ... ·.. . . .· . . . . · .·
Slip-on welding not in 2500 lb rating. and only in 11/2 to 2Y2 sizes for .1500 lb ·rating and ~'--2 10· 3 in siZE!S
for 150 lb rating. ·· . · · . .
Socket welding not in 400. 900 and 2500 lb ratings and orily in \12 t.o 2V2 sizes for 1500 lb rating and 112 to 3·
sizes in 300 lb rating. .· . .
Threaded in 1500 lb rating from 112 to 12 in sizes only.
· ·

t..
~
••
7-14
•
 '-..At.Av'- ..... .._ v ..1..1. . u.1..1.'-A. .__, 11...'\J'\J.1. ..o. ~ f' '-'
Flanges ~nd Flange Fittings .

Steel Pipe Flanges American Natioral Standard (cont.)

. I

Length thru hub m

Out· Flange
Norn· Side !hick· T~readed
mar Flange flanage ness Diameter $lip-on
pipe ratmg d1a 1mm) bolt socket Welding
size psi m in circle Welding Lapped neck
I
i
12 150 19.00 1.25 17.0 2.19 2.19 4.50
300
400
20.50
20.50
2.00
2.25
17.75
17.75
2.88
3. 12
4.00
4.25
5.12 i
600
900
22.00
24.00
2.62
3.12
19.25
21.0
3.62
4.62
4.62
5.62
'8;62
5.38
6.12
7.88 I
I
1500
2500
26.50
30.00
4.88'
7.25
22.5
24.375 ro.oo
7.12
10.00
. 3.12
11. 12
18.25
' I
I
14 150 21.00 1.38 18.75 2.25 5.00
. 300
400
600
900
23.00
23.00
23.75
25.25
2.12
2.38
2.75
3.38
20.25
20.25
20.75
22.0
3.00
3.31
3~69
5.12
4.38
4.62
5.00
6.12
5.62'
5.88'
6.50
8.38
:I
l
. I
, I
.
!
1500 29.50 5.25' 25.0 -· 9.50 11.75
16 150 23.50 1.44 21.25 2.50 3.44 5.00
300 25.50 2.25 22.5 3.25 4.75 5.75
400 25.50 2.50 22.5 3.69 5.00 6.00
600 27.00 3.00 23.75 4.19 5.50 7.00
900 27.75 3.50 24.25 5.25 6.50 8.50'
1500 32.50 5.75 27.75 - 10.25 12.25
18 150 25.00 1.56 22.75 2.69 3.81 5.,50
300 28.00 2.38 24.75 '3.50 5.12 6.25
400 28.00 2.62 .' 24.75 3.88 5.38 6.50
600 29.25 3.25 25.75 4:62 6.00 . 7.25
900 31.00 4.00 27.0 6.00 7.50 9.00
1500 36.00 6.38 30.5
I - 10.88 '12.88

20 150 27.50 1.69 25. 0 2.88. 4.06 5.69

300 30.50 2.50 27.0 3.75 5.50 .6.38
400 30.50 2.75 27.0 4.00 ·S.75 6.62
600 32.00 3.50 28.5 5.00 . 6.50' 7.50
900, 33.75 4.25 29.5 6_.25 8.25 . 9.75
1500 39,75 7;00 32.75 .·- 11.50 ' 14.00
1·
24 150 32.00 1.88 29.5 3.25 4.38 6.00
300 36.00 2.75. 32.0 i 4.19 6.00 6.62
400 36.00 3.00 32.0 i 4.50 6.25 6.88
600 37.00 4.00 33.0 5.50 7.25 '8.00
900 41.00 5.50 35.5 a.oo· 10.50 11.50
1500 46.00 8.00 39.0 -· ..
13.00 16.00.

From ANSI B 16.5. ·· . · · I .

·.Slip-on welding not in 2500 !b rating. and only in 1V2 to 2V2 sizes for 1500 lb rating and 1V2 to 3 in sizes
tor 150 lb rating. . · . . · 1
·
.. !
Socket welding not in 400. 900 and 2500 lb ratings and only in ·112 to!2Yz sizes for 1500 lb rating and Y2 to 3" !
sizes in 300 lb rating. · · · I ·· · i
Threaded in 150.0 lb rating from V2 to 12 in sizes only. .I
l
j
!

;i
:I
.!

7-15
-l
I
~
O')
-·=-
'-I ..
Flange Ratings~ 150 lb. · m
CD
Table G.;.150 PN20 Pressure-Temperature .Ratings ;,rt.·
Gage pres~ures in bar
-
0
a .
···g
Mat'IGroup 1.1 I 1.2 I 1.3 1.4 1.5 I 1.7. I 1.9 1.1011.1311.14 3
ljl\aterials

Temp. "C
Carbon

~
Ii

5
u
IAlloys
Ni
Mo
Alloy
82.
Nic-
kel
Al-
loys
Temper~
ature . ·
"C
.."'
Vt
C'D
-a
c:
115.9 20.0 38
--29to38 19.6 I 20:0 19.5 50 ·,9.
15.4 iiLI
50 19.2 13.8 17.7 100
100 17.7 9.5 12.9 1~.8. 150 "II
150 15.8 In
.· 14.0 . 9.5 12.6 14.0 200
. 200 9.5 '1.9 12.1 250
250 12.1 .
10 2
300
350
10.2
8:4
8.4
300.
.350 n
P:>
375
400
7.4
6.5
7.4
6.5.
l 375
400 ·S
C'D
5;5 5.6 425
425 4!)0 """'L
450. 4.7 0
3.7.
475 ~
475 ·500
2.6 ~·.·
. 500 . 525
1.9
525
·. 540 1.3
540 ··<" ..
0...
~
·~

·~
,_...,
lo-'•
(";)

v
Pol
r-+-
~ ·

~
•_.• ,, ,,._.••• , ••
I
~ ~·.' ,~!~'
-~~.; i ~~· ~~· >•·.~~.~-:·__::___::::-_.___,_:::.:~-::~~-~~---·~..~--~~~~~~~~~----~~~".,.GR
~ ~·. ~~_,,,,,~·.~~~;9~.~~··''·~-~-<··~
.~ -~·:.J) ~~----_.==~-=~----~~~:"' ._. ~- ·. ~
"u.;I
1
~-----::_:~------·-··
·~······ "'•;>" · ·. . ·. ,

Flange Ratings-:--300 lb.

Table G-300 PNSO Pressure-Temperature Ratings
Gage pressures in bar

Mat'IGroup
Male rials
.l 1.1 J 12_.,Ll.3 I 1.4 I L5 11.1j1.91uo1 u311.ull.?·_1__ L?.:.~.-1-~~J_~~-L1·.? I 2.6 I 2.711-·· . ..-··-
3.6
NJ
-3.7b:ii
·------
__...............

Fe Ni Nic-

Carbon
"zCr-
"2Mo 1 . l 304L Types
Cr Mo kel Temper-
C
"'Mo
---
Ni-Cr-1'4Cr-2'4Cr- .5Cr· 9Cr- Type
Mo '?Mo 1Mo ''1MO !Mo 304
---- -·- --
Type
316
Type
--
316L
Type
321
347
348
309 310
·-
:Tvpej Type
~E~ ..J!?~ .!~~~- . ~'~-e--
-·- --- ---· 496 --
--· ·---
Temp."C ---~·- 49 7 51 7 38
~79· 425 479 517 51 7 51 7 . 51.7 496 496 41 4 496 463
--;i9i0381"51"il5i;
50 I 51 7 47 3 41.7 416 51.7 51 I 512 51.7 47 8 48 I 400 480 484 453 48 8 51 7 50
!10
409. .422 34 5 415 435 41.4 4!i.4 51 5 100
IOO 464 515 451 38.6 46.6 515 488 490 51.5 43 0 50 2 150
45.0 50.2 46.4 46.6 50.2 36.3 38.5 31.2 37 5 405 38.2
150 45.2 502 44.0 37.7
28.7 34 4 38 4 36.9 41 5 488 200
43.8 48.8 42.7 36.6 44.2 48.8 45.5 44.8 48.8 328 35.7 463 250
200 46.3 305 33.4 26.7 32 1 36 2 35 1 40 2
250 41.7 463 40 6 34.7 43.1 46.3 44.5 44.2 39 7 42 4 300
42.0 42.4 291 31 6 252 305 34.4 334
300 38 7 424 377 323 39.1 40 2 350
350
375
400
37 0
36.5
34.5
40.2
388
345
36.0 309
35.3
32.4
30.9
30.3
402
388 .
. 366
281
278
275
304
29 7
29.1
240 293 32.9
23.6
23.2
289 32.2
28.6 31 8
32.0
3t.4
30.8
32.8
32.2
31.7
l
3!1.2 I 38.6 I
36.6
35.1
38.B 315
400
-~
. ..LJ
34.5 35.1 27 2 28.7 22.7 28.5 31.S . 30.0 425 .......
425 28.8 28.8 27.3 25.8 35.1
30.9 33.8 269 28.1 22.3 28.2 30.8 29.4 450 ~
450 20.0 200 19.8 19.6 33.8
31.7. 25.9 31.7 27.4
26.6 28.0 30.0 28.8 475 J:j (
475 13.5
. 27.8 20.3 27.5 26.1 26.8 27.8 27.8 27.8 500 ITQ ~
500 8.8 2ilJ 27.1 20.3
15.0 18.8 21.9 15.4 22.6 239 258 25.8 25.8. 25.4 25.8 525 . Ct> (
525 5.2 11.7 17.0 218. 25.0 250 250 21.8 23.6 .550 (/) t
550 3.3t 10.7t 13:9 12.B 164
. ~
... 4 8.5 117 8.8 11.2 20.1 24.1 22.8 24:1 18.5 22.0 575 ~ ,.
-············-·-·••«•• 515---+-······-·····---·· .. ·····-·--,--····---~ -s:1r -1:s· -13. 1;- --7:2· ·t6:7· ·21:4· - -H>.8- ·2h4· -~•Ul- t9A- 600 .·-··.·- -J:J-c-
600
625 3.4 6.6 4.5 5.0 13.1 18.3 15.8 17.8 11.4 16.6 625
650
0.. ,.,.
2.3 3.7 3.0 3.5 10.5 14.1 125 11.6 8.0 14.1
650
675
7.8 12.6 9.8 8.7 1:0 H.3 675 ~- ~
60 99 7.7 6.7 5.7 8.7 700 ~
1--" ,.,.
700 62 4.4 6.2
725
4.6 7.7
4.8
5.3
4.0 3.4 4.4
725
750 "'""
,._, • >
3.7 5.9
750 2.8 4.6 3.8 3.2 2.6 3.1 775 ITQ {
775 2.1 3.5 3.0 2.6 1.9 2.2 BOO . et> . ~
~'.
800
I I I II I ·>--rj(
·. (
tThese ralings are al 540"C max. service 1empercuur .. II I I I >
NOTES: ' . .
1. Ratings shown apply lo olher material groups where column dividing lines have been omitted.
::i •
2. Provisions of Section 2 apply lo all ratings. t""+.
,.... "
3. See Temperalure·Notes for all Malerial Groups.
-l
t Bar · 14.5 p.s.i. (pressure) ITQ ~
......
I
..C. 0.5556 l"F, 32l (lemperalure) r.n (
-l

.
"-- ------
. - ·- - · '=--". ~--------·---~-- . .
 a..]
I
I-'
00
.

Flange Ratings-400 lb.

'fable G-400 PN68 Pressure-Temperature Ratings·.
Gage pressures in bar
. .. ·. ·. ...

---
~
:I

I 1.1 I 1.2 I 1.3 j I UO I 1.13.11 14112.1 I 2.2 I 2.3 ~I I 2:6 I 2.7' 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 _3.6 _ j.2~.L=!!_
... U3
CD

"'-.
-...a·
Mat'IGroup [ 1.4 1.5 11.11 1.9 2.5 > - - - 1 - - ...
Male rials
Cr
Fe· NI Ni Ni
0
... Type Mo Cu Cr Fe Ni Nie-
'?Crc .
Nickel AUoys Fe Cr Mo . kel Tr?mper-

. Temp. "C
Cmbon I
c
11zMo
1
11Mo I
Ni-Cr- n~Cr-
·Mo. •.;Mo
2 1•Cr- ·5cr- 9Cr-
1Mo. \'zMo 1Mo
Type
304
TYr>e
304L
'r\tiie
316 316L .321.
Type
Types
347
348
I
309 310 20Cb
Cu
Type Type Cb ·Alloy
200
400
405
Alloy Alloy Alloy Al-
600 800 82 loys
:iturr.
"C i '

55.2 33.1 55.2 66.2 66.2 69.0 38 C'D

..
291038 68:1 69.0 63'.8 56.7 63.8 .69.0 '69.0. 69.0 69.0 66.2 66:2 55.1 ·•. 66.2 66.2 ·. ,,· 61.8
690. 63.8. 64.2 53.3 64:0. 64.5 604 54.3 33.1 .53.7 64.9 650 69.0 50 Ill
50 66.8 69.0 63.1 55.6. 63.5 69.0. 682 68.3 ·cr.n.
100 61.8 68.7 601 51.5 62.1 68.7 '65.0 654 68.i. 54.5 56.3 46.0. 55.3 58.0 55.2 so.a· 33.1 48.1 61.4 60 5 68 7 100
. C'D .
•' 669 48.4 51.3 41.6 50.0 54.0 . 52.2 48.0 ;33.1 44.7 56.7 57.3 66.9 150
150 603 66.9 58.6 ·50.3 59:9 66.9 61.8 62.2

200 58.4'
55.6
65.0
61.8
56.9 48.8' 58.9165.o 60 6 59.8
54.1 46.3 57.4 . 61:8. 59.3 59:0
I I 650
61.8
43.7 47.6
40.7 44.5
38:3
35.6
45.8
42 7
51 2
483
49.3
46.8
33.1
33.1
44.0
43.7
56.7
54.9
55.3
53 5
65 0
6i 8
200
250 "'D
250
300 51.6 56.6· 50.3 .43.1 56.0. .. 56.6. 38.7 42.2 33.7 40:7
39.1
45.9
43.9
44.6
42.6
33.1 43.7
43.7
53.2
51.7
52.9
52.2
56.6
53.6
300
350
c:
350 49.3 53.6 48.0 41.2 • 53.6. .37:4 ·4b.6 321
..
375
400
425
48:6
46.0
38.3
51.7
46.0·.
38.3
47.1
43.2
36.4
41.2
40.4
34.4.
' 511
48.8
46.8
45.1 ..•
46.0
41.2
.370
36.6
46.8 36.2
45.1 35.8
39.6
38.8
38.2
37.4
31.5
30.9
30.3
29."i.
38.6 .42.9
3a:2 42.4
38.0 42.0
37.6' 41.0
.. 41.8
41.0
40.0
39.2
43.7
43.0
42.2
50.9 51 4
48.8
46.8
51.7 375
400
425
450'
'
=
'U
Ill
450 26.7 26.7 26.4 26.1
475
475
500
. 181
11.7 32 1 36 1 I I
·. 42.2
37: 1 .
.. 34.5
27.0
42 2
36.7
35.4 '36.5
34.7 35.8
.··. 37.4
37.1
40.0
371
38.4
37 1
344 33.8 34.4
500
525
npu
525
550 ..
6.9·.· .
4.3t
20. 1 . 25 1 . 27.0 29.2
14.3t 18.6 . 11.0 n.8 I 206
15.6
30.1
226
31.8 34.4
29 I 33.3
34.4.
33.3 33.3 29:1 31'5
..
550
s
575
600
16.6 I 1\.3 15.6 1u 150
7.8 10.2 8.7. 9.6
j 26.8
22.3
17.4
32:1
28.6
24.3
30.4
26.4
2.11
32.1
28.6
23.7
.

24:8
19.4
15.2
29.3
25.8
22.2
575
. 600
625
('t)
>--;
. 4.5 8.8 6.0 66
625.
650 3. 1 4.9 .· 4.0 4.6 14.. 0 18.6 16.6 15.4 10.7 18.8 650 0
675 103 16.8 13.1 11.5 9.3 15~ 1 675 ~
. 700.
700
725
8:0 13.3
6.2 10.3
10.2 ·. 9'.0 ·. 7.5
. 8:3 7.0 5.8
11.6
8.2 725 ~
750
. 4.9 . 7.8 6.4 5.4. .· 4:5 5.8
4.2
750
775 '--<
.. 775 3.7
. 2.7
61 5.0
4.0
4.2
3;5
3.4
2.6 2.9 800 .0...
800 4.7 --.------------·-:~·-···--- . >--;
------~· ~------·-·
· tThese ratings ;ire al 540':C max. service tempera.lure · · ~·

NOTES: . ~
· 1. Ratings shown apply to other material groups ~here column dividing lines are omitted. I-'.
2. Provisions of Section 2apply to all ratings. ·. . . .
"""""""
('j
· 3 See Tr.mpernture Notes for all Material Groups ..
1 Elar . 14.5 fl s i (pmssure) · .. . . .· . · ·· · u
pu
"C . 0 55!>li rr 3?) (1nmpifralum) ~·
pu

~
- .. .
. . . .·. : :· ' ··. . . ~ ..
. ·__ ~ .. .:..-.·.-;... -

•••n•m•n•-.,.,.~·~--~·~••,_.f'Wt~•fAt4'.t,.
···················~·····························
t .:
. ~. l~. "__ : t.... ·. \.:...· ~... ~) \, .·· i._. ~...:>: ~""".) l.: - ~) i•.. ;./ \;.,._ . :.:~- ~"~ ~"V")~: . ..jj ~~.;./ l"-· \._~
\ .... ...;; ·:. __/ \ . . l." ,d ~ \;,,. ..:· '<,_:; "«•·;>· ·~.> . ·. . :; -"' ~.-J .. _ .~ -~' • .... .

Flange Ratings-600 lb.

Table G-600 PN100 Pressure-Temperature Ratings
Gage pressures in bar

Mafl Group 1.1 1.2 1.3. 1.4 1.5 1.7 t.9 1.10 1.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1
Cr
3.2 3.4
~~--~
3.53.6 3.7 3 8
Malerials Fe Ni Ni NI
'2Cr·
1 Type Mo Cu Cr Fe NI Nie·
"'1Mo 1 304L Types Cu Nickel Alloys Fe Cr Mo kel Ter er-
Carbon
Ni-Cr- 11.\Cr· 2 1 ~Cr- 5Cr· 9Cr·
c Type Type Type Type 347 Type Type Cb Alloy 400 Alloy Alloy Alloy Al· n: n
\7MO Mo !?Mo !Mo '?Mo 1Mo 304 316 316L 321 348 309 310 20Cb 200 405 600 800 R2 loys
!~·P.~~~--. --- . 103
.- --4 . --·- - ·-. 95.8 ioi4 103:4 1o3 4 -to3:4°... 99.3 99.3 82.7 99.3 99.3 --92 7 ·- 82.8 49 ,- ii2:8 ·993 '99.:l iifa 4
29 to 38 102.1 95.1 85 I 90.7 81.4 49 7 80.6 97.4 97.B 1034
50 1002 1034 94.ll 83.4 95.3 103.4 102.3 102.4 103.4 957 96.3 79.9 96.0 96.8
1031 818 844 69.0 830 869 828 76.2 49 7 721 921 907 1031 1
100 926 1031 902 77.2 932 103.1 97.5 981 784 72.t 49 7 67 1 BAO 860 1004 1
150 905 1004 879 75.4 69.9 I00.4 92.7 933 100.4 72.7 77 0 625 750 810
739 49 7 660 850 830 97 6 ~
200 87.6 97 6 85.4 73.1 88.4 97.6 91.0 89.7 97.6 655 713 57 4 68 7 76.8
889 884 921 61 I 66 8 534 64 I 724 702 497 656 82 3 80 3 92 7 ~
250 834 92 7 81.2 694 86.2 92.7 r.a s 799 793 IM 9 ~1
300 775 84 9 754 64 6 84 1 84 !l 561 63 3 505 61 I 1189 669 --~~!.. ~
80.5 561 60.8 48.1 58 7 65.8 639 tlf1 5 77 6 78:.1 80.5
350 73.9 80 5 71.9 61.9

375 72.9 776 706 61 7 77.6 555 594 47.2 57 8 64.4 62.7 65 5
64 5
76.3 77.2
73 2
77 6 .<
69.0 69.0 64.8 606 73.2 54.9 58.2 46.3 57.3 635 615
400 70.2 54.3 57.3 45.4 57.0 629 60.0 63.3 70 2 (
425 57.5 57.5 54.6 51.6 702 69.0
~

~
450 40.1 40.1 39.6 39.2 67.6 61.8 67.6 53.7 56.2 44.5 56.4 61.5 58.8
57.6 I.
56.0 60.0
475
500
27.1
17.6
10.4
48.1 54 1
63.3
556
30.1 37.6 40.5 43.8
51.8
40.5
30.8
63.3 53.1 54.7
55.0 52.1 53.7
452 47.8 51.6
55.6 55.6 55.6
516 51.6 50.8 51.6
f
~
§
525
6.5t 21.4t 27.9 25.5 32.7 23.4 34 0 43 6 499 49.9 49.9 43.6 47.2 -
~ .~
550
Cb
575 24.9 17.0 23.4 17.6 22.5 40.1 48.2 456 48.2 37.0 43.9 ~
E
en
11.8 15.3 13.1 14.4 33.4 42.9 39.6 42.9 29.0 38.7
600 ...3L6_ .35.6_ _2.2.8 . .33,3. ---------·-··- .. E ~ I
····· 5·25· ... 6;8· 13.3 -·!J...().. --9,9- .26.2- 36.S
4.6 7.3 6.0 7.0 21.0 28.2 25.0 23.2 16.0 28.1 - -E ·::t- _I_
650
15.5 25.3 19.7 17.3 14.0 22.6 I ~I
675
120 19.9 15.4 13.5 11.3 17.5
700
725 93
7.3
15.4
11.0
12.4
9.6
10.5
8.0
8.8
6.8
12.4
8.8 ~
750 5.6 9.1 7.5 6.3 5.1 6.3 ~
775
BOO
41 7.0 6.1 5.2 3.8 4.4 ::f
tThese ratings are al 540..C malt. service temperature ~
('t)
NOTES:
1 Ratings shown apply to other material groups where column dividing lines are omitted.
2. Provisions of Section 2 apply lo all ratings. ~
3. See Temperature Notes for all Material Groups. :::
"""".
Jg~
-.1 1 Bar .., 14.5 p.s.i. (pressure)
•
I-' °C - 0.5556 ("F-32) (tempera1urel
CD (/}

I
L 4¥C
•
·~··· .. ·--· - . . - ...-............- .... ~----· ..... --------·------
--
 -..J
I
N)
Flc:mge Ratings...,.900 lb.
Table 6.:.900 PN150 Pressure~Temperature Ratings
...·"-'·
0
Gage pressures in bar . · ·

UI
-
:I
C'D
t.13 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.6
·- ;:
-
Mal'IGroup 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10
Cr
Materials Fe Ni NI Ni
Fe Ni Nie·
0
Y.!Cr- Type Mo Cu Gr
304l Types. Cu Nickel Alloys Fe Cr Mo kel Temper- I
Carbon . 'hMo I
c Ni-Cr· 1V.Cr- 12·~cr- 5Cr- 9Cr~ Type Type fvi:>e Type 347 Type Type
348 309 310
Cb
20Cb
Alloy
200
400
405
Alloy Alloy
600 800
Alloy Al- a tu re
82 lays ~~
g
. '.IMo IMi> 'hMo 1Mo 304 316 316L .321
Temp. "C 1-?Mo Mo
143.6. 155.2
1

1552 155.2 155.1

--
i48.9 148.9 124 1 148.9 148.9 1390 124 1 74.5 124.1 149.0 149.0 155 2"- 38
Cl
...,,
·-2910 38 153.2 155.2 143.6 127.6
143.5 144.4 119.9 143.9 145.1 .. · 136.0 • 122.2 74.5 120.9 l4iU 146 3 155.2 50
. 50.
100
150
150.2
139.1
135.7
155.2
154.6.
150.6
141.9
135.3
131.9
125.2
115.8
113.1
142.9. 155.2
139.8 154.6
134.9 150.6
153.4 153.6 . 155.1
146.3 147.1 ··. 154 6
139.1 139.9 150.6
122.6 126.6 103.5 124.5
109.0 115.5 .937 112.5
130.4
121.5
·
.. 124.2 .
117.5.
114.4
108.1
-
74,5
74 5
108.2
100.7
!3~2 136.1
132 0 129 0
154 6
. 150 6
100
.150 "'"'
CD
98.3 107.0 . 86.l 103.1 115.3 Ho.a 74.5 99.0 127.5 124.5 146.4 200

..
146.4 128.0 109.7 132.6 146.4 136.4 134.5. 146.4
200 1315
139.0 133.4 132.7 139.0 9t.6 100.2 80.1 96.2 108.6 . 105.3 74.5 98.4 12~.4 1205 139.0 250
250 125.2 139.0 .t21.8 104.1 129.2 100.3 74.5 98.j 1198 1190 127 3 300
300
350
116.2
110.9
127.3 t13.1
120.7 107.9
969 126.1
92..8.
1273
120 7
87.2 94.9 75.7 916
84 2 9t.3 721 . 88.0
1033
98.7 959
--------- 963 ti63 117 4 120.7 350 c
375 109 4 116.4 105.9 92.6 116.4 83.3 89.1 ·10.8. 86.8 96.6. 94.1 98.3 1 i4.5 115.7
109.8
116.4 375
. 400
51
109:8 82.4 87.3 69-.5 85.. 9 95.3 923 96.7
400. 1'03.5 103.5 97.2 90.9 95.0 105.3 425
425
450
86.3 86.3
60.1 60.1
81.9 77.4
59.4 58.1.
. 105.3 103.5 105.3 81.5 86.0 68.1 . 85.4
101.4 .. 92.7 10t:4 .80.6 84.2 '66.8 84.6
94.4
92.3
864 .
90.0
88.2 450
475
"'
I
. 95.0 71.7 95.0 . 79.7 82.1 84.0 90.0
475 406 83.4 500
. 26.4 12.2· 81.2 83.4 60.8 82.5 ·.78.2 80.51 · 83.4 83.4
525 ("')
500
. 45.1 56.4 60.8 65.8 . 46.3 67.8 71.6 774 77.4 . 77.4 .·16.1 77.4
525 15.5 74.9 74.9 65.5 708 550 .$lJ
550

575
9.St 32.lt 41.8 38.3 49.1 350
'
. 37.3 25.5 35.1 . 26.4
17.6 22.9 19.6
50. 9

33.7
21.5
65.4

60.2
50.1
74.9

72.3
64.3
68.4 72.3 55.5 65.9
59.4 . 64.3 43.5 58.1
575
600
s
(D.
600 54 8 47.4 53.4 34.3 49.9 .625 i-;
. 10.1 19.9 13.5 14.9 39.2 650
625 . 10.4' 31.6 42.4 37.4 34.7 24.0 42.2 0
650 7.0 11.0 9.0 '· 675
23.3 37.9 29.5 26.0 21.0 33.9 l::i
675 ..
., .
700
. 23.0 20.2 . 17.0 26.2
~
. 17.9 2!f8 725
700 13.9 .23.1 18.6 15.8 13.2 18.5 '
725 750
·tt.0 17.6 14.4 12. 1 . 10.2 13.1 775 . '--<
750
.· 775
800
·.;
·. 8.4 13.7
6.2 10.5
11.3
9.1
9.5
7.5
7.7 9.4
5.8 6.6 ' ·------- _800
... ·:·-·-
0...
i-;
Q,j
tThese ratings are al 540"C max. service femperature.
~
Nares:
I Rnlings shown apply to other material groups .where column dividing lino!I arc omiltP.d ·
2. Provisions of Seclion 2 apply lo all ratings. · . ··.O
.......
.........

3. See Temperature Notes for all Material Groups.

1 Bar ,.... 14.5 p.s.i. {pressure)
"C
.
.. 0.5556 {"F 321 ftemperaiurcl
u
$lJ
r-t-
Sl:> .

~ I . . ·. . . - - . . . . .... ·. ..· ..._ . . .....··. . .•. . . . . ·. . . ,

... .._. "9•n•...,~-·~•~•'*•-..•A•A•fAtAtl. . . ' . . . . .

•••,.;-l·······!··~l·········:~f·;····!····--·····,····· ·······-······;
, / l.• >·'.:._-:,.i ; j l..;!·'<.,,: \,;> \.~! \._., \".,: ,'.c.) \..;,.•'."'-'''; :"'J":·cj,•"-.,_; •.J :1.J).~ ~· /:..tl:."d/..·....,: .'.f/

··Range Ratings:-
.
1.soo.1b. .
·~· '·:··: ·"-" ·.fJJ.• '-S-~• i.c.:J!_ ~. ~/ ...... ~:.':"",, ..-:~ •·•' ."~· .-,.;,, ·• . .. . ''.. . •

~
;

Table G-1 SOQ PN250 Pressure-Temperature Ratings

Gage pressures in. bar ·

~~
1.3 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.10 1.13 . 1.14 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 . 2.5 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.2 3.4· 3.5 3.6 3.7
Mal'IGroup 1.1 1.2
Materials I Cr
NI Ni NI Fe
'hCr· Type Cu Cr Fe Ni Nie- Mo
'r.IMo 1. 304L Types Cu Nickel Alloys Fe Cr Mo kel Temper-
Carbon
c !Ni-Cr~ Iv.Cr- l2 14Cr- 5Cr- 9Cr· Type Type Type type 347 Type Type Cb Alloy 400 Alloy Aiiov Alloy Al- alure
Mo· "1Mo tMo ll:IMo tMo 304 316. 316L 321 348 309 310 20Cb 200 405 600 BOO B2 lays "C
Temp."~-
··2910 38
-·--- -----
255.3
-
--~ _..;;.._
258.6. 2394 212.7
...------""
'?Mo
239.4 258.6 258.6 258.61 .. 258.6 248.2 2482 206.8 248.2 248.2 231:6 206.9 124.1 206.9 248.3 2~8.3 ·· 258:6- 38
250.4 258.6 236.5 208.6 238.2 258.6 255.7 256.0 258.6 239.2 240.6 199.8 239.9 241.9 226.6 203.6 124.1 201.5 243.4 2 ;i.9 258.6 50
50 207.5 207.1 190.6 124.1 180.4 230.3 226.8 257.7 100
100 231.9 257.7 225.5 193.1 233.0 257:7 243.8 245.2 257.7 204.4 211.0 172.4 217.3
150 226.1 251.0 219.8 188.6 224.8 251.0 231.9 233.2 251.0 181:7 192.S 156.1 187.5 202.5 1!;>5.9 180.2 124.1 167.8 220.0 215.0 251.0 150

219.1 243.9 2134 182 8 221.0 243.9 227:4 224.2 . 243.9. 1638 f18:4 143.5 171:9 1921 184.7 124.1 1649 212.5 207.6 243.9 200
200 133.5 1603 181 0 17!).6 124.1 164 0 205 7 2008 231.7 250
250 2086 231.7 2029 1736 215.4' 23t7 222.3 221.1 231.7.. 152.7 166.9
212.1: 145.3 .t58.I 126.2 152.7 1722 167 2 ·124.J... 1638 199.6 198.3 2121 300·.
300 193.7 21<' 1 1885 161:5 210. I 195.7 201.2 350
184.8 201 2 1798 154.6
.,
201.2 140.3 152.1 .120.2 1.46.7 164.5 159.8 163.8 193.9
350
..
194.0 176.6 154.3 . ' .194.0 .. 138.8 .•
148.5 116.0 144.6 161.0 ..· 156.8 168.8 190.6 192.9 194.0 375
375 182.3 182.9 400
172.5 172.5 162.0 151.5 ·,
182.9 ' 137.3 145.6 115.8 143.1 158.8 153.8 161.2
400 1500. 158.3 175.5 425
. 175.5 '· 172.5 175.5. 1358 143.3 !!~:~ 142.4 157.3 ·~
425
450
143.8
100.2
143.8
1002
136.5
99.0
128.9
97.9 .169.0 154.5 169.0 134.3 140.4 111.3 141.0 153.8 '.147.0. 450 ,__.
~·
158.3 129.5 158.3 132.8 136.8 140.1 150.0 144.0 475
475 67.7 500 l:j ('
.44.0. . 120.3 135.3 139.0 101.3 137.5 130.3 134.1 139.0 139.0 139.0
500 . 129.0 129.0 126.9 129.0 525 ~.· ti:
25.9 75.2 94.0 101.3 109.6 77.1 113.0 119.4 129.0 •.
525
550 16.3t 53.St 69.7 63.8 6LB SBA 84.9 109.1 12.4.8 124;6 124.8 109.1 118.0 550 . (t) u:
(J) . r-.
575 62.2 42.5 58.5 44.1 56.2 1004 120.5 113.9 12o:s 92.4
99.0 107.2 12.6
109.9
96.8
575
600
,;,..
,...,, ,_.""'
-~~J -~~:~ -i•n·
-·600--'-· 29,4. 35.9 83.6 107.2
16.9 ~65:4 -9[3 ~-

-79Jj -ss~a -:57:1 -·83:1 c625:_ ~l:j-c

625 650
650 11.6 183 15.0 17.4 52.6 70.6 62.4 57.9 40.0 70.3
675
0... .....,,
388 63.2 49.2 ·43_3 34.9 56.5 .i-
675
29.9 49.7 38.4 33.7 28.3 43.6 700 ."'rj ti:
700
725
.. 23.1 38.5 31.0 26.4 21.9 30.9 725
750 .$lj
"""
..,._. ~
18.3 29.4 24.0 20.1 17.1 21.9
750 14.0 22.8 18.8 .15.8 12.8 15.7 775 l:j
775
10.3 17.5 15.2 13.1 9.6 10.9 eoo -~ (J
800 . . ..
t These ratings are at 540"C max. service lemperalure ·ct> ~

NOTES:
1. Ratings shown apply to other material groups where column dividing lines are omiHed.
2. Provisions ol Section 2 apply lo all ratings.
.... ......g
1-rj
M-
3. See Temperature Notes for all Malen.al Groups. i:!. "i
l:j ,_
-J
• 1 Bar= 14.5 p.s.i. (pressure!
~ ·"'C
,_.
t-..:> °C =- O 5556 (°F · 32) (temperalure) (J) (."t

l
II
-l
Flange Aatings-2500 lb. .
...
·.'-'
-
~
N)
Table G-2500 PN420 Pressure-Temperature Ratings
:s
Gage pressures in bar

.."'
UI.
CD

Mat1 Group I 1.1 I

Materials
f .2

Carbon
I t.3

I _
c '
'OCr-
~Mo l
9 11.10 I 1.13 I 1.14 11 2.1 I 2.2 I 2.3 I 2.4 ! 2.5 I 2.6

•·

Ni-Cr· 1'4Cr·2 14Cr7 5Cr- 9Cr- Type Type

-. Type
304l
Type
Types
Type,' 347 Type
3.2 I 3.4 l-3.5 I 3.6 13.7 I 3.8

Ni
Cu
fll!Alloys · Fe
400 Alloy
Ni
Cr
I Ni
Nic-
kel Temper·
Al-
loys
ature
"C
·-.
0

a
I

405. 600 CD

..,,
Temp. "C 1-!lMo Mo "2Mo 1Mo lliMo . 1Mo 304 316 316l 321. 348 309
I 344.8 413.8113.8 431.0' 38
··29 lo 38 425.5 431.0 398.9 354.6 399.0 431.0 431.0 431.0 '• 4.30.9 ' 4t3.6 413.6 344.6 413.6 413.6
50
100
150 '
417.J
386.5
376.9
431.0
429.5
418.3
394.2
375.9
366.3
347.7
321.8
314:,3
397.1
388.3
374.6
431'0 426.2 426.7 . 430.9
429;5 406.4 408.7
398.6
429.5 ' - 340.7
418.3 386.4 388.6 ' 418.3' . 302.8
' 406.6 '' 112730 297.3 239:1
401.0 333.0 399.B 403.2 ·
351.7 287:4 3.f5.9 362.2
3209 260.2. 312.5 337.51
266.5 320.2 307.9
335.9 4Q!j.7 06.6
300.6 383.9 78 0
279.7 366.6 358 3
206.9127.49 3~4.2 ~45.9
431 0
429.5
418.3
406.6 200
50
100
150 =
CD

200 ··1365.2 406.6 355.6 304.71368.314· 06.613_7· 9.0,373.7 386.t 254.5 278.2 222.5 267.2 301.7 292.6 206.9 273:3 342.9 334.6 386.1 250
c
250 347.7
300 ' 322.8
386.1
353.5
338.2
314.2
289.3 359.0 386:1 370.6 368:5
269.1 350.2 ' '' '·. 353.5 ' ' 242.t 263.6 210:4 254.5 287.0 278.7 206.9 273.0
273 0
332.7 330 4
323.2 326 2
353.5
335.3
300
350 a
350

375
' 308.0 335.3
303 9 323:4 294.3 257 2
287.5 287.~ 270.0 252.5
299.7 257.7 ', ' ' '335.3 '
323.4
304.9'.
._-
233.8 253,.8 200.4
231:3 247.5 196 7
228 9 242.6 192.9
244.5
241 0
23.8.6
274.2
268.4
264.7
266:3.
261:3
256.3
2730 Ji8.0l32l'
~a1
263.8
3~9
51 323.4
292.5
j 375
~o
425
91
400
425 239.6 239 6 227.5 214.9 292.5 287.512925 226~4 238 9 t~~:? 237-.3 262 2 ' '• 250.1 - ----·--·- 450
450 166.9 166.9 165.0 ,163.2 281.7 25!.6 281.7 223 9 234.0 185.5 234.9 256.3 245 0
'ti29 '.· 263.8 ·. 215.8 '263.8 ;21.4 228.0 ', 23;.5 250.1 '240.1
475 ("')
475 500
73.3 200.6 225.41 . 231.6 ·· ... 166:9 229.I 217.2 223.6 23L6 231.6 231.6 ~
500
525 '
550
43.2 '
21.2t
125.4
89.2t
156.. 6 •_68.91182)
166,1 106.4 t36.4
-
128.5
.97.3
'
188 ..3
141.5
199,0
181_.~
214:9
208.0
214.9·
208:0
2,14.9 211:5 214.9
2oa.o rni:a 1961
575.
525
550
·s.......
('t)
189.9 200.8 154.1 183.1
575 103.71 70.8 97.5 734 93.6 1673 2008
.-.1165.f 178.6 121.0 16L3 600 •
600 .49.0 63.6
28.2 55.3
'54.4
37.5
59.8 139.3178.6
41.4 109.0 152.1 131.6 148.3 95.2 138.6 625 0
625
650 119.3 30.4 25.1 29.0 87.6 117.7 104.0 96.5 66.7 117 2 650
675 ; .:::!
64.6 105.3 81.9 -12.1 58.2. 94.1
675
498 82.9 64.0 56.1 47.2 72] 700 ~.
' 700 725 't...<
a-
.385 64.2 51.6 43.9 36 6 51.S
725 30.4 -49_0 40.0 33.5 28.4 36.S 750
750 31.3 26.4 21.4 26.2 775
23.3' 38..0 600
775 1.7 1 29:2 25,2 219 16.0 J82 p.j
'800
j Jh;!~I; ;7.jj;;fj'i; ~;~ ~j t,.jij Cn;.;~ ·;;;;Vi;:~! li•1i;p;,;;jjjj;~ ~
NOTES: . . . ·. . . .
.....
(".)
.
......... -

1. Ratings shown apply 10 other material groups where- column dividing lines are omitted. :
2. Provisions of Section 2 apply lo all ratings... · · •
3. See Temperature Notes tor all Material Groups.
· ·
u.
p.j
,I Bm . 14.5 p.sJ (pms~uro)
"C 0 55!lf) ("I' 3?1 (hm11w.rnt111n) S"

~. .........

... -.•-.••"•"•"'·~• .... ••"'1•-..••tA••AtA•A . . . . ...- . . . ... ' . .··.. .· .. . ·,

••
....

•.:)•• .

., ...
'

•.•·
'

..
,.:
••••• I
•• i

•... I l \

'
I
·'
.. )
SECTION 8 ~

·~.•,
.!.
.~

·~ ~

MISCELLAN~qus ~
l

I
·~~· l' iI

•.•"•)'
·~;)
:,. I
f
i
I -
II

rv
'
... •
:
·~

•,~·
i
I

....•)
I
I

....
II

A j
I
I !
::;:\ I j

··;. · 1.
I
i
••• .
•·
~;,
r)
j•••

~
I
.. I'' '.

·~
•.:~ I

I
!

...
':]J
l
·~ i

..···.;
i
I

I
I
I :
1

•/

I I

··'•.
''::\ i

) '
......', :

I
:J

·'~t\··1
.,i

I~
,:··

••
./.
I

lngersoll·~resser Pumps •
•
·.:··:~
j
_,
j
l -
' .
.:,j'
~ .. ~
._., ·;...._
l II
i
:
..:•

~)
... '\
~

• . ;;1
- --·
·•.:~ I
8-1 l .....

~- l -~
_______ ..,_

I ~ ·Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps ·· ·. Caip.eron Hydraulic Data

. . .. . .
., at:
. fP·
tC·
·-
.·-.·c
·.·. . . ' . . .... ·. ·.. . . . ..
tit

i~
CONTENTS OF SECTION 8
Miscellaneous Data .· . . ·
'

·. }>age.·
.
--·
····C'
·. Decimal and Millimeter Equivalellts .. •. .. . ·~- ..· ; ·. .. . . . . .. .. . . . .. . 8-3 ·
· · Arithmetical art,d Geometrical Formulas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8-3 ••c·
· . A~proximate J\ltitude and BarometerReading . ~ ..... ~ .. ~ .. 8-4 . · •
'. · · Barometer Reading Cor:rectidns . <. ; . ... '. > . ~ . ~ ~ . • . . ; ; 8· 5 to 8-9
'W~ight and Dimensi()ns of Copper Tubing and Pipe . , .. ,... : . 8-10 ·.
•l
· Volume in Parti8lly Filled Horizontal Tunks ........ : ·..... 8~ 11.
Capacities.of Cylinders and Tanks: ........•.. , ......•.... 8-12 ·:·-
Displacement
. .
Per
. ..
Stroke .
:
()fPlungers .... •..
. ...
. .·.· ~ ·- . .
8-13
..
· Areas ofCircles ·. ·,~·- .............. :... : ..... · .. • .... ,..... 8'."14 · ·
. .

Hardness C~nversion Ta.ble . : ........ •. •.. , . ' . . . . . . . : . . . ~-15 ..·. . ... ·.

' ..
'.!: . ........
. .. .1
jl
,

Use_'_, of G ag~s an_. __d .U Tubes ·. ·. . . . .. •. ; . •. . ~ . . .. . . ~ . . ; ~, . '.,~. 8-16 to 8-20 .•.. · . ,.·. . · : · '
. : ~-
. Pump n·ataSheet for Material Selection .......... ; .·~ .... 8-21
. Pump Materials ...... : ..... ~- .. · ....... >....•.. 8-22 thru 8-28. · ·.
. .
; '
.< lt
.
i!.···t
I ' ..

. ,. ' .

.·.! ...c-
~

(t.

l
I
.1·
I __ I t
' '6
, ___ ---·-
8-2
 Miscellaneous

. ~ -- ..
l
Milli· M1ll1·
meter
equ111a-
·lent
I meter
equ1va-
· 1ent
. Decimal of lrac-
.. . .I .·Decimal of lrac-
equ1va- . t1onal equ1va- tional
Fraction lent incnes Fraction lent inches
I

1164 0.015625 0.397 33.54 0.515625 13.097

1;"32 0.03125 0.794 17/32 0.53125 13.494
3/64 0.046875 1.191 35/64 0.546875 13.891
1116 0.0625 . 1.588 9/16 0.5625 14.288

5/64 0.078125 1.984 i 37164' 0.578125 14.684

3132 0.09375 2.361 I19132 0.59375 15.081
7164 0.109375 2.ne 39164 0.609375 15.478
118 0.125 . 3.175 518 /· 0.625 15.875

9164 0.140625 3.572 41/64 0.640625 16:272

5132
11164
0.15625
0.171875
3.969
4.366
II 21132 43164
. 0.65625
0.671875
16.669
17.066
3/16 0.1875 4.763 11116 ! 0.6875 17;463
!
13164 0.203125 5.159 45164 0.703125 17.859
7/32 0.21875 5.556 23132. . 0.71875 18.256
.15/64 0.234375 5.953 47/64 0.734375 18.653
1/4 .. 0.250 . 6.350 3/4 0.750 . 19.050

17/64 0.265625 6.747 .49164 . 0.765625 19.447

9/32 . 0.28125 7.144 25/32 0.78125 19.844
19/64 0.296875 7.541 . 51164 . 0.796875 20.241
5116 0.3125 7.938 13/16 0.8125 • 20.638

21164 0.328125 . 8.334 53164 0.828125 21.034

11/32 0.34375 8.731 . 27/32. . 0.84375 21.431
:
23164 0.359375 9.128 55164 0.859375 21.828
318 .
0.375 9.525 718 0.875 22.225

25/64 0.390625 9.922 57164 0.890625 22.622

. 13f32 0.40625 10.319 29/32 0.90625 23.019
..
27/64 . 0;421875 10.716 59.64 0.921875 23.416
7/16 0.4375 11.113 15116 0.9375 23.813

29164 0.453125 11.509 61164 . 0.953125 24.209

15132 0.46875 ·. 11.906 31/32 0.96875 . 24.606'
31/64 0 484375 12.303 63164 0.984375 25.003
1/2 0.500 . 12.700 1 1.000 25.400

I
Arithmetical and Geonlietrical
Formulas:
Circumference of Circle = ·3.1416 x dia . I6.2832 x radius
Area of Circle =
.
.7854 x (dia)
.
2
= 3.1416 xI (radius)2
Area of Sphere = 3.1416 x (dia)2 '
3
Volume of Sphere = 0.5236 x (dia) .
Area of triangle = 0.5 x base x height 1

Area of a trapezoid = 0.5 x sum of the t~o parallel sides x height .

Area of a square, a rectangle or parallelo~am =.base x height
Volume of a pyramid = area of base x 1.3 height · . I
Volume of a cone = 0.2618 x (dia of base)2 x height
Volume of a cylinder = 0:7854 x height ~ dia 2
i

8-3
 1-,· lngerSoll·Dresser Pumps ·.· Cai:neron HydraulicData
' . ' '

··e:,
•••...._.
. Approximate Atmospheric Pressures and: Barometer

..
·Readings at Different Altitudes ·

Barometer · Equivalent Boiling point .··fl

.'.
.·~.
Altitude· Atmospheric head of of water·
: ·: pressure :
water (75°F)
Inches of Mm of

•C·
Feet Meters mercury mercury lb/in 2 Feet OF . oc-
-.1000 -304.8- 31.02 787.9 15_2 35.2 213.8 :101.0
-500 -152.4 30.47 773.9 15.0 . 34.7 212.9. 100.5
0 () . 29.921 7130.0 14.7·. . 34.0 212.0 100~0
500
1000

1500
2000
152.4.
304.8
457;2
609.6
. 29.38
. . 28.86

. 28~33
: 27.82
.. ·
74K3
733.1

719.6
. 706.6
14.4
14.2
·.

·· 13.9
13.7
33.4 '
· 32.B ·.·

a2.2··
31 ..6
·.
-211J
210.2.
·_·. 99.s··

209.3 ...
208.4
99.0

98.5
98.0
---·
.··.<
2500 762.0: 27.31 693.7.
.. 681.0 I
13.4 ··.
·. 13.2
.· ·31.0
• 3o.s•
207.4 .
206.5...
.••97.4
.96.9.
I .. -.~
3000 914.4. 26.81
. 26;32 . 668.5 . . 12 ..9 .. '29.9 . 205.6 96.4, •·. I •
-··-···I··._·-~---·
3500 1066.8.
.. . . . .
4000 1219.2. . 25,8~ .· 656.3 12.7. ... 29.4 204:7 95:9·
1371.6. 1·· 25.36 . 644.1 12.4 ··2a.e 203.8 .. 95;4 . . , . ··... I '
4500
.12.2 . 9~.9

···\<;:
5000 1524.0 . 24.89 .. 632;2 28.3 202.9
. 5500 1676.4 . :: .24.43 .. 620.5 12.0 . •.• 27;~_ .·: 201.9 . 94.4
6000 1828.8 ··23.98 609.1 11.8. 27.3 201.0 .·.. 93.9
.
,

.. . . : ..
6500 1981.2 23.53 597.7 .· 11.5 26.7. . · 200.1; . 93..4·
7000
7500
2133.6
2286.0
• 23.09
22.e5·
586.5
·. 575.3
11.3
11 .1
26.2.
25.7 ..
199.2/
1.98..3
.92:9.
. 92:4 flt'
564.4 10.9 25;2. ·.··. 197.4 91..9

··1··
8000 2438.4 . ·22.22 ..

...•
8500 2590.8 ·. 21 ~80
. ·.
553.7 10.7 .
24.8 196.5 91.4
·.

•'.
. 9000 2743.2 I•
21.38 ·543~1 . 10:5 ·. 24.3 195:5 ·. ·.90.8 '

9500 2895.6 20.98 .. 532.9 10.3 .... 23.8 194.6 : .90;3

3048.0.
I
.20.58 522.7 10.1 ' .. ' 23.4' 193.7 · 89.8
10000
4572.0- 1a:aa. . 428.8 ·.a.3 19.1. Hl4 .. 84.4
. Cr-.
·e.··.
15000
20000 6096.· ...... 13;75
.
·349.3 13.7 . 15.2 ;...... . . . .
.. ·.· .. . •.
30000 9144 .: ·a.ea 225.6 4.4 .10.2. -
. 40000 140:7 2.7 6.3 -
121.92 5.54
. 1.7 .. -

t_.
50000 15240 .. 3.44 87.4 3.9
I·

·....• ·· ... :

•••
.~ '

.--~

t,
't
'
I 8-4
 lVIiscellan eous. ·
Barometer Corrections

Miscellaneous . . I
Other barometer corrections include those for latitude, altitude
and difference in elevation between baro:rrieter and datum plane.
These are given on the following page. j
Table I, IIL IV and V apply to mercurial ~arometers.
Table V applies to aneroid barometers. ·
Table II applies to small-bore, single-tube mercury columns.
U-tubes and manometers, in which both leg$ have approximately the
same bore, and large-bore, single-tube cplumhs do not require
capillarity correction. The temperature cprrection from Table I
applies to .any mercury column when br~s scales calibrated in
inches at 62°F and a density factor for mercury based on .32°F
are used. . . . · .. . . / . . . · .
'rables III and IV apply to all mercury columns m which a density
factor based on 45° latitude and sea lev~l altitude. is used. The
corrections are small and ·are usually ignor~d· or taken into account
by using a density factor based on the latitude and altitude of the
datum point. . . : . · . · ·. ·
In general, aneroid barometers are not .~atisfactory for accurate
testing. If one is used, it should he compens1;1ted for temperature and
frequently calibrated against a standard·Itjercurial barometer, as a
violent. knock
.
or shaking
.
may
. .
introduce
.
a substantial
. . I .
error.
. . . .· . . . I .

Example of use of Tables III, IV and V. I

Assume •a barometer reading of 29.01~" Hg. at 70°F. 1000 ft
altitude, 25° latitude and 30 ft above the datum plane for which a
. I

reading is desired. · · .· I ·. .. .
I
i

Barometer reading (given)···························~·············.·············· 29.013"

Latitude correction (Table III) (@ 25°, 29" ~g) ...................... - .048"
Altitude correction (Table IV)(@ 1000 ft, 29" Hg)................. - .002"
Elevation ~orrect~on (Table V) (.3 x .102) I . . · 11
(@ 1000 ft, 70 F) ...................................... ,........................... + .031
Temperature correction (Table I) ............... l........................... - .109 11
Corrected barometer (to 32°F, 970 ft altitu~e,
and 45° latitude) .....................................l' ........................... 28.885"

Fs-5
I) Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps .~am~ron Hydraulic Data .·. ·
Correctionfor·Relative Expansion of Mercury and
· Brass Scale to 32°F Standard
Table I

ObserveCI reading of tne barometer. in mcnes

Temp
hg
col
25 I 25.5 I 26 I 26.5 I .21 l 27.5 I 28 I 2s.5 I 29 l 29.5 ! 30 I 3o.s I 31 c
'F Correction to be sub1ractect rrom observed Teadlng
40 .026 .026 .027· .027 .028 .028 .029 .029 <.030 :030 .031 .031'··
42 .030
.032
.031 .032 .032 .033 .033 .034 ·.035 . . .035 ...036 .036 .037 .03S
.44 .035. .036 .036 .037 . ,03a . .038 .039 .040 .040 .041 ~041. .042. ;°'J '
46 .039 ·. .040 . .041 . .042 .043 .043 .044 . .. 045 .046 ..046 .047 .048 .049
48 .044 .045 .046 .047 .. 047 .048 .049 .oso· .051 .052 .053 .054. .as~

50 .046 ..
.049 .050 .051 .052 .053 .054 .055 .056 . .057. .o5a·· ..059 .060
52 .053 .054 .055 .056 .057 .058 .059 ·.··.. 060 .061 .062 .064 .065 . .06~
54 .057 :059 .060 .· .061 .062 .. 063 .064 •. ~066 . .067 .068 ·.069 ···.070 .. 071
56 .062 .063 .064 .066 ··' . ;069
58 .066 .068 .069 .070.
:067 .065 .071 ·.012 .073 .. .074 . .076 :on
.072 .073 .074 ... 076 .. 077 . .078 ..080 .08~ .082·
60 .071 .072 .074 .015 .077. :018. •. 080 ·.. 081 .082 • .084 .• OBS ... 087. ,oaa
62 . .076 .077 .079 .080 .082 .083 ..085' .086 · .088 . :089 .091···· .. 092 ;{)94
54'· .. 080 :082 .083 .085 .086 .088 .090 ..091 .093 ·.094 .096 .098 .,09g··
66 .085 ;086 .088 .090 ,091 .093 ;095 .096 .098 .100 . 101
68 ..089 .103. .. 1Q5
:091 .093 :0941 .096-. .··.090 ..100 . ;102 .103. .•.. 105. .107 .109 .. 110
. .
70 .094. .095 . :097 .099 .. .101 .. .1.03 . 1Q5 . . .107 .109 . .110 .· . , 12 .114
71 :096 .098 .· .100 . 103· •. <105. . .107 .. 109 .. 111 .. . 116
. 102.' .113 .115 • .1.1'~ .119
72 .098 .100 .102 .104• .106 :1oa .· ..110 .112. .114 .· ..116 . :118 .. 120
73 .100 .122
.102 .. 104 .106 . .108 .110 . ·. '112 . 115 , 116 .118 .. 120. .122
74 103 .105 .107 .109 . .12'
.111 .11.3 .. 115 .117 .119 .121 .123. .125 ·.. 127
75 .105. .107 .109 .111. .113 .. 115 .. 117 .119 . .122 .. 124 .126 . .128 .130
76 .107 . •109 .111 .113 .116 . >i 1s '.120 .122 .124 .126 .128 ;131 .133
77 .109 .112. .1 ~4 .116 .118 ..120 I .122 .125 .. .127 .129 .131
78 . 112 . .114 .133 .136
.116 :118 . .120 .. 123 :125 .127 < .129 •.. 132 .13.:
.116 . .136 .13c
79 •114 .1 is .121 .123 .125 .1.27 . 130 .132 . ,1.34 .. ...137 . .139 "',f~·
80 .116 .118 .121 · .123 :125 .128 : .130 ;132 . 135
.:137 . .139 .. .142
81 , 118 .128 .. .14.!
.121 .123 . 125. .130 .132 .135 . 137· .140 . .142 '.144 :147
82 .121 .123 .125 .128 .130 .133 .135 .137.' .140. .142 . .145
83 .123 .147 .149
.125 .128 ..130 .133. .135 .138 .140 .142 .145 . . .147
84 ..125 . 128. .150 .152
.130 .133 . 135 .138. . 140 .143 .145 :148 .150_ .153 .155
. . .
85 :121 .130 .132 .135 .137 : 140 .143 .145 :t48 ·.. 150 •,153
86 .130 .155 I .1sa
.132 .135 .137. .140.. .. 142. . .. 145 . .148 .150 .• 153 .158
87 .132 .. 134 .. 137 ·.. 140 '155 . 161
.. 142 . 145 .148 .150 .153 . ~155 . .158 . .161
88 .134 .137 .139 .142 .. 163
.145. .147 .150. .153 .155 . .158 .1e1 .163 :.166
89 .136 .139 .142 .144 .147 .150 .153 .155 .158 .161 · . :169
.164' ·.166
..
90 .138 . 141 .144 ,147 .150 .152 .155 .158 .161 .163
92 . 143 .154 .. .166 : 169 .172
.146 .149 .152 .157 .160 .163 .166 .169 .172
94 .147 150 .174 .. 17"'
.153 .156 .159 .1.62 .165 . .168 . 171 . .174 .177 . 180
96 .152 .155 .158 .183
.161 . ~ 164 .167 J70 . ;173 . 176 .. 179 . ,182 . .185. .188
98 . 156 .160 .· ,163 .166 . .169' .172. . ~175 :178 .181 .. .185
< .188... .. 191' .19.!.
100 . 161 .164 . 167 .171 174 . J77 :180 . .183 .187 .190 .193 .19q .200
Condensed from circular F. US. Weather Bureau.

8-6
 I

··1
••• . Miscellaneous .
I
\'

• •

,------------~--......;..--+--------
~, ·.Correction of Small Bore Single-~be Mercury I

• . Columns for Capillari~y I

•,
t.
Table II
I
1

e~ Height of meniscus-.inches
:
1

•. t~~e .01 : .02 .o3 : .. o4. ! .o5 I1 .os 1 .01 . .08

.,.)••
••
~
inches I

.15
.20
25
.024
.011
.006
Correction to be added to hg column reading - inches
I
.047
I
I .022
I

I .012
!
.069 ; .092 I .116
.033
.019
I

II
'

.045
.028
.059
.0.37
.078
.047 .059
i
II
I
I
I
.

I
Il
I !
.004 I .008 . .013
.30
I .004 I .018 !023
.010·
.029 .035 i
.042

•1 .40 .006
II .008
.012 .
I
.014 .016
j . ·.004 !
.50 .002 .005 .006 .006 .007 t
·~ I j

-•.,
~·.

~
1 .
. (From Smithsonian Physical Table-1933)

Explanation of ·correctiJn Tables·

· for.Mercurial Barometers
!·
!.
J

fi

~-
. . .

· Table I-Examples of use

I•?
•••,;· ' Reading of barometer at 75°F..•............. ~ .. ;..... ~ 29.964"
Temperature correction (Table I) ................... L......... ............. - .12611
o . . . . . . . . ••••••••••••••.

. . . !
·~). !

.
·~·
··~. )
Barometer. corrected
... . .
to. 32°F.............................
. . . i
J•• ~ ......................
.·
· Reading of Mercury ·column at 97°F .......... ~ .. L.~ ......... ~ .......... 28.120"
29.838" ·

. *y .
·~·)
~
· Temperature correction (Table l) .... ~ .............. J.. ......... ~............ - .173 11
. . . t d. 32°F . . . ·.
V acuum correc e
pres~~e (29.838
to. I ,. .......
...................................... .. . . .......... 27 .947"
JI ................ ~......
....e;:·
.)
...\
· Absolute
.
.
. -
.

Table
.
27. .947) .............

ll~Example
. .
.
.

of pse
I
.. . .
.
.
1.89111

.
Suppose above· mercury column had ·a .sJgle tube of 5/32" bore ·
.(0.156") and the estimated height
. . .of. meniscu$I was .05".
. .
Correction frff capillarity (Table ID (interpolated) .... ~ ...... ~..... + .109
. . . I
l
_Va.cuum corrected for capillarity (27.947 +·.~09) ................... 28.056"
. . I
Absolute pressure (29.838 - 28.056) ...... ~ ....... ~:....................... 1.78211
!
NOTE: - · Always read. the top of the meniscus ·and add the
capillarity correction to this vacuum colu~ reading. There is no
correction on double tube mercury columns ot manometers if linearly
interpolation is done. 1

8-7 .
-
 .... ·.. . . '

I~. lngersoll~Dresser.Pumps • C.ameron Hydraulic Data

... · '

Correction ot Mercurial Barometer for~·L.atitude in~--- ....

. ·· .. ·. .·
' ' .
' '.
...
·1ea.
"11~:

.
'

.• ·.

,.!(:
' •,

Inches Hg to Reduce to 45° Latitude .

· To be added to barometer reading for latitudes above 45~. To be subtracted .· '' '

from barometer reading for latitudes below 45:

' ' '

. Tabl~ Ill

Reading 01 the barometer. in 1nct1es.

tit
Latitude

'
o 90
18

0.047 0.049
19 20

0.052
21

0.054 o:os1
22 '23

0.060
24 25

0.062' 0.065
26

0.067
27

0.070
28

0.073
29

0 07$
30

0.078
c·
·t.·'

.I
5 85 .046 .048 .051 .054 .056 .059' " .061 ... 064 .066 ..069 .071 .074 .on
6 84 .046 .048 .051 .•. 053 .056. ·.ass· .061 :os3 .066 .068 .071 073 .076
7 83 '.045 .046 .050. :053 ',055' ·.058' .060' .063. .065' .068 ·... 070 .073 '.075
8 82 .045 ·.047 .050 .052 •.055 .057 .060 ;062 ···.065.· .067 .070' .072 .075'
.9 61 .044 .047 .049 .052 .054 .057 .059 :os2 .064 .· .067 .069 .071 •. 074
4''
i

10 80 .044 .046 .049 .051 .054 .056 .056 .· .061 .. 063 .oss·· ··.066' .071 .073
11 79 .043 .046 ',048 '.050 .053 .055 .058 '.060 .062 .065 .067 :070 .072

I
.·
12 78 .043 ..045 '.047 .050 .052 ..054. .051 .059 .. 062' •..064· .066 069 .071 '
13 77 .042 .. 044 .047 .049 ,051 ··.054 .056 .. 058 .061 .063 .065 .068 ,' .070'
14 76 .041 .043 .046 .048 ·.· :;050 .053 .055 . ,;057 ....• .059. ·. ~.062 .064 .066 ·.069
15
'16
17
18
' 19
20
75
74
73
72
71
70
.040 ' .043. .045 '.047, .049
.040 .. 042
.039
.038
.037
'.036
.041
.044 '.046.· '.048
.043 '.04.S
.040 '.042 .·. · .044
.039 .041
.038
.047
.046
.043 . .045
.040 ;042 •.044' . .046 ··.·.048 .050
.052
'.051
.049
.048
. ~041
.054
~053
.052
..056
... 055
.056
.057
.054 ·.056
·.o5o '.052 :.054
.049 ,' .051'. 05.3
<:061

1•
':063
':059' .061
.058 ..060
.057 ··.059
.055' '.057
.052 · .. 054 .056
.. 065
06.:
.Of>2
061
.059
.058
.067''
.066'
.064'
.063'
.061 '
. ,Q6Q.
.... I
.!
69
~
'

21 .035· .037 .· .038 .040 . :042 .044 .046 ' :046 ' .050 · ·:os2. :054 .056 .050 .
22 68 .034 .035 .. 037 039 .041' '.043 045 ·': 047

·C'·.
.048 :050 .'.052 .054 :055
23 67 .032 .034 .036 .038 ,040 .041 .043 045 .· .047 .049' .050 ' .052 .054
24 '.031

'-..
66 033 .035 .036 ' .038 040 .042 .. 043 .045' 047 .049 .050 .052
'. :
25 65 .030 .032 033 .035 .037 '.038 .040. .042 .043 .045 .047 048 .050
26. 64 .029 '.030 ,032 '.033 .035 .037 .038 .040 . .. 04! . :0~3 ' .045 .. 046 .046.
27 63 ··.··.021 ' .029 .030 '.032 .033 .. .035 . .. 037·· .:035 .040. :041 . .043 .044 .046

f
28 62 .. .026 .028 .029 .030 ·.032 .033 .. 035 .036 .038 .039 ' .041 .042 •. 043
29 61 .. 025 ..026 .027 ·.. 029 .030 .032 .033 .034' '.. 036 .037 .038 .040. .. 041
30 60 .023 .025 .026 .027 .026 .030 •· .031 .032 .034 .035 .036 038 .. :039
31 59 .022 :023 .024 .026 .027 '.· .020· :, .029.' .030 .032 ~033 .034 .035 .036"
. 024 . . •.ozs~: • .026

Ir•.
32 58 .020 .022 .023 .027 ...028 .030 .031 '.032 ..033 .. 034 .
33 57 .019 .020. .021 .022 .·'.023 . ·.: ..024 .025 ..026' ... 027 . .028 . ;029 .031. ' .032 'I•
' •
34 56 .017 018. .019 ~020 021 '.022· .023' .024 ..025 . .· :026 .027 028 ·.. 029
35 .55 .Of6 .017 .018 . :019 .019 '.020 .021 .022 ' .023 . ·:024 ·..025 .02.6 .027
36 54 .014 .015 .016 ·.017 .018 ·· .01e .019' .020 .021 .022 .022 .023 .024
37· 53 .013 014 :014 015 .016 .016 .:
'.017. .018' .019 :019 .020 '.021 ~021
38 52 :011 012 013 013 .. 014 .014 .015. '.016 .016
·, i ·~
.017 018 .016 .019
39 51 .010 .010 .011 ·.01 l .012 .01.2 .013 .013' .01.4 .015 .015 :016

,.
.016
40 50 008 '.009 .009 ,009 . 010 ;010 .011 .011 ' .612 .012 .. 013 .0.13 ~013
41
' 42
49
48
• 006
005
·.001
.·.005
.OC.7
005
.008
006
.008
006
.008
.006
. .009'
006.
:009 .009 .010 .010
:001 ' .007' '.007' .. 008
010 .011 ~.··.-.. .
43 47 .003 '.003 .004 ·.004 .004 .004 .. oo.: .005 ·.005 .005 .005
008
005
.008
.005
.
44 46 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 .002 '.002 .002' .. 002 .003 003 .003
45 45 .000 .. 000 '.000 .000'
.·
.000 .000 .000 .000 .000 ..ooo• .000 .000 .000
c:...
;t
l•
I
•,,
I 8-8 1•
4j •
 ~1iscellaneous

· Correction of Mercurial
. . . ' ' . -·
B~romJter
!
for Altitude
. . ·, .
Inches Hg to be subtracted from barometer reading
· . ·. Table IV I . . ..
. I .
. Reading of barom~ter. inches · ·
!
Altitude :
i
25 26 28 29 30
ft 27
i 31

0 .. . . ..... .000 .000 .000 .000 .000

500 .... .... .001 .001 .001 .001 .001
1000 .. .. .... I .002 .002 .002 .002 .002
1500 ..... .002 .002 .003 .003 .003
2000 ..... ..003 .. 003 .003 .003 .004
2500 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004
3000 .004 .005 .. 005 '.005 .005
3500 .005 .005 .oos· .006
4000 .006 .006 .006 .007
4500 .007 .007. .007
sooo· .007 ·.ooa .008
5500 .008 .009
. 6000 .009 .009
6500 .010
7000 ·. .010

.
. . .
I
I
I .

Elevation Correction for Barometer

. . i . .
In inches Hg per 100 ft difference in elevation. To be .added to barometer reading.
· when barometer is abo.ve datum plane. T,o be subtracted from
barometer reading when barometer is pelow datum plane:
Table V [· .
. I

•
Temperature, °F
Altitude !

ft 0 10 . 20 30 . 40 so!
:
:
60 70 80 90
O· .122· .119 .117 .114 . .1, 2 .11b .108 . .106 .104 .102
1000 . , 18 .115 .. 113 .110 .108 .10s· .104 .102 .100 .098
2000 .113. ., , 0 .108 .106 .104 .102 .100 .098. .096 .094
3000 .108 .106 .104 .102 .100 .098 .096 .094' .092 .090
4000 .104 .102 .100 .098 .096 .09~ .092 .090 .088 .086
5000 .100 .098 .096 ·.094 .092 .090 .088 .086 .084 .082
6000 .096' .094 .092 .090 .088 .086 .084 .082 .081 .080
7000 .093 .091 .089 .087 .085 .084! .082 .080 .079 .078

··--· ---- 8- 9
·I ) Ingersoll·Dresser Pumps ·..•..• CaJ!ieron Hyd;aulic Data

Weights_· and Dimensions of Copper and. . B-ra'.ss Pfp'e.an(fTubes

!·· ,·
Copper tubing • ..
.. Copper and brass pipe- Regular wt
Type K Type L . Type M
We1gn1 per tt-tb ·
Norn· .Out~ In· . Wt In· .. Wt In· Wt .. Out·· In-
in al side s1de. per side per ·side ·per side side 57c,; . 85~o 10CF: :
.size diam diam ft .diam II diam It diam diam Cop· Cop". Cop-.
in in in lb m. lb in lb 1n tn per per per
11e · :2so .186 .085 .200 .066 ..20 .. 068·· A05 .281 .246 .253 .259
1/4 .375 .. 311 .134 .315. . 126 .325 .106. .540 .375 .. .437 .450 .460
lte .500 .402 .269 .430 .· .198 .450· .144 .•675. .494 .612 . .630 .643
1.2. .625 .527 .344. .545 .284 .569 .. ·.203 . .840 .625 .911 .938 ;957
S/a .750 .652 .418 ·.666 ·.. ·.·.362 .690· .263•
3'4 .875 .745 .641 .785 .454 .e11 · ~328 Loso· ·· .822 j·. 1.24 . 1:27 .1.30 .
•. 464
. .. .. .. ...
1 (125 .995 .839 1.025 .653 . 1.055 1.315 .1.052· • 1.74 .1:19 ·l.B3
. 11/4 1.:375 1.245 1.04 1.265 .882 1.291 .681 1.660 . 1.368 2.56 ·.. 2.63. . 2.69
1b 1.625 1.481 1.36 1.505 ·· 1..14 · 1.571 .940 .· 1.900 1.600 . 3.04 .3..13 3.20.
2 2.125. 1.959 2.06·. 1.985 1.75 . 2.009. 1.46 2.375 2.062 4.02 4.1'4 4.23
·2 1.-2 2.625 2.435 2.92 2.465 • 2.48. 2.49.5 2.03 2,875. 2.500 5.83 6.00 6.g.
.
3 3.125 2.907. 4.00. . 2.945 3.33- 2.981 . 2.68 .• . 3.500 3.062 8.31 8.56 .• 8~75
3\2 3.625 3.385 5.12 . . ·. 3.425 4.29. .· 3.459 ·3.5a:· . 4.ooo· · 3.500 ·10.s5 · .11.17 l 1.41
4 4.125 3.857 .. 6.51 3.905 5.38·. 3.935 4.66 ·.. •. 4.500 . 4.000 12.29 12Ji6 . 12:9-4
4h 5.000 . 4.500 13;74 :14.15. .14:46
..
5 5.125 4.805 .. ·. 9.67 . 4.875 7.61. .4.907 6.66 . 5.563 5.063 15.40 15.85 16.21 ;
6 6.125 5.74.1 13.87 '5:845 10.20 5.881 8.91 ·. 6.625 6.125 18.44 18.99 19.41 .
7 ' 7.625 7.062 23.92 24.63 25.17 ..
s. 8~ 125 7.58'3 25.90 . 7.725 19.29 i1a5. .16.46. 8.625 8.000 30.05 30.95 31.63.
The National Bureau of Standards has recomme~ded the ehminahon of the 3 1_2'" and 4'. 2· pipe s;zes. '.

,·.'.
. ': .'

';. ·. ·:· .... · . .

.
....
; .·

.. > ~ ; '

R-10
..;
.~
,.~.,.
.

:
I
I
Miscellaneous

..·-·•.
";

-,, Dia of
cyltn·
.
Volume of Horizontal Tanks in
. . .· . I
Gallon~

~
l
.
per Foot of Length
.

•• dncal
tank
ft 0. 1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Portion of diameter that 1$ filled

0.5 0.6
'
!' 0.7 0.8 0.9 full

·-)·--
.,.·~
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0.08
0.31
0.69
1.22
0.21
0.84
1.88
3.35
0.31
1.48
3.34
59
0.55
2.19
4.94
8.8
0.73
2.94
6.6
11.8
0.92
3.68
8.3
14.7
t.10
4.39
9.9
17.6
1.26
5.0
11.3
20.2
1.39
5.6
12.5
22.3
1.47
5.88
13.22
23.50
~:. 2.5 1.91 5.2 9.3 13.7 18.4 22.5 27.5 31.5 34:8 36.72

.'····1,
·~ 3.0
3.5
4.0
2.75
3.74
4.89
7.5
10.2
13.4
13.3
18.2
23.7
19.B
26.9.
35.1
.26.4
36.0
47.0
33.1
45.1
58.9
39.5
53.B
70.3
45.4
61.7
80.6
50.1
68.2
89.1
52.88
71.9'1
94.00

•.••
• !•.~
4.5
s.o
6
6.2
7.6
11.0
16.9
20;9
. 30.l
30.0
37.1
53.4
44.4
54.9
79.0
59.5
73.4 .
106
74.5
92.0
133
·I 89.0
~10
~58
102
126
181 .
, 13
139
200.
119.0
146.9
211.5

.
) 7 15.0 41.0 . 72.6 108 144 180 21s 247 273 . 287.9
i

.J 8 19.6 53.5 94.9 140 188 236 Iler 322. 356 . 376.0
9 24.8 67.8 120 178 238 298 ·.355 408 451 475.9
\J 10 30.6. 83.7 148 219 294 368 ~39 504 557 587.5
.,~
11 37.0 101 . 179 266 335 445 532 610 674 710.9
I

.!.
···~~·'
!.
12
13
14
15
44.0
51.7
59.9
68.B
120
. 141
164
188
.
213
251
291
334
316
371
430
494
423
496
576
661
530
622
721
828
~33
742
8s1
!988
i
726
852
988
1134
802
941
1092
1253
846.0
992.9
11.52
1322
• !
. o: l
(5'n HJ(O.S - P••"T lolled)] " ''"~'::son• •. \I
•
: ;tQ~ >. II
•• Volume on tank (galS) = 7.460\ cos.,.
J· 720 2

Cos H = 2(0.5"'" portion filled): D =tank dia. (tt): vol.of full tank 1gals) =7.4805 ··~ x length
. . . .! . . ..
·Applies to tanks up to 50°0 filled. When tank is over 50°0 f1lled.!calculate portion not filled and subtract
from lull tank.

0 ....
 -""-·
. . . ·.' . .· ,· . . . . .· . ·. .

· Capacities,· in U.S. Gallons, of Cylinders and Tanks .

..
0

,j · ··.of Various Diameters. and Lengths

·.:s
Length of cylinder UI
Diam
Diam 18' .. 20· 22· 24' inches
CD
5· . 8' 9' . . 10' . 11' 12· 13' 14' 15' 16' 17'
tJ .
·••-c;-·
inches 1" 1' 6' 7'
. .
1 .... 0.04 0.20 0.24 0.28 0.32· 0.36 . 0.40 0.44 o.48. .· 0.52 .. 0.56 0.60 0.64 0.68 0.72 0.80 0.08 0.96 1 0
. l,28 1.44 ·1.60 1.76 1.92 .· 2.08 2.24 2.40 2.56 2.72 2.88 . 3.20 3.52 3.84 2
2 O.Dl 0.16 0.80 0.96 1.12
3 0.03 0.37 f.84 2.20 2.56 2:92 3.30 '3.68 .4.04 4.40 4.76 5.12 5.48 ... 5.84 '• 6:22 6.60 7.36 8.08 ... 8.80 3
3.92 4.58 5.24 5.88 6.52 7.18 7.84 8.50 9.16 ·. 9~82 J0.5 11.1 11.8 13.0 14.4 15.7 4 ·~
4 0.05 0.65 3.26
14.3 . 15.3 . 16.3. . 1.7:3 18.4 . 20.4 22.4 24.4 5 01
5 0.08 1.02 5 10 5:12 7.14 8.16 9.18 10.2 11.2 12.2 13:3 m ·:
.
7
6
8.
0.12
0.17
0.22
. 147
2.00
2.61
7 34
.100
13.0
8.60
12.0
15.6
10.3
14 0
18.2
11.8.
16.0
20.8
13.2
18.0
23.4
14.7
. 20.0
. 260.
·. rn:1
22.0
28.6
176 19.1 .
. 240.·. 26.0
31.2 ·. 33.a
20.6
28.0. '
36.4 ·.·
22.0
30.0
23.6. 25.0 .·

39.0· . 41.6
26.4
44.2 . 46:8'
29.4
32.0 .. .34.0 .. 36:0 .•. 40.0
.52.0
· ·. l~-~
$7 2
72 4 .
. 35 2
48.0.
. 62.4
6
7
B
"t:J.
cm.···
·n.,
;:;: . !
n;·
I

i.
=
....
CD
9
10
0.28
0.34
3.31
4.08
. 16.5 .
20.4
19.B
24 4
. 23.1 .· • 26.4.
. 28.4 32.6
•29.8
36.B
33.0
40.B
36.4
44.8
39.6 . ·43.0
,48.8 52.6
46.2
56.8
49.6· . 52.8 •' 56.2. . 60.0
6.1.0 65~2 . . 69.4
.
'66.0
73:6 ·.. 81.6 • 89.6
79.2
97.6
9
10 Cl? i
I :.
·-a
c:
11 0.41' 4.94 24 6 29.6 34.6 • 39.4. 44.4 49.2 54.2 59 2 64.2 69.2' .·• 74.0 78.8 . 83.8, ·ea.a 98.4 1114 . 118. 11
o . 51
.·a2.o · 87.8 .. 93.6 9°9.f! . 106. 118 . 129. 141. 12
12 0.49 5.88 ·29 4. 35 2
41 6
41.0
48.6
.46.8
552
52.8
62.2
58.8· . 64.6
69.2 76.2.
70 4. .. . 762
.832. 90:2 .97.2 . 104. 110. . 117. 124; 138. 152. 166 . 13
'< -a···
13
. 14
0.57
0.67
6.90
8.00
34 6
40.0 480
·552
56.0 .
64;4 .·
64.0.
73.6
72.0
s2;a
80.0 •·88.0 ·. '96.0 . .104.
. 92;0 '· .101. 110. 120: .
112.
129 ..
120.
138.·
128. 136.
147. . 156 ..
144.
166.
160:
. 184.
176.
. 202.
. 192.
220 .
14
. 15
:J
0. "'
15 0.77 9.18 46 0
....
tD

16 .
17
0.87 10.4
0.98 11.8
520
59.0
62 4 .· 72:8 83.2
70.6. 81.6 . . 94.4
93.6
106. .·
10'4 .. 114 . 125.
. 118: . ·. 130 .. 142. 153:
i35 .•
146.
163.
'156 ..
117.
166. ,. · 111.
189. 201.
'187:
212 ..
208..
236.
229.
260.
250.:·
283.
.16 .
17
en
m n
·.··.PJ .
18 1.10 13.2 66.0 . 79.2 . 92.4 106. 119. 132. 145 .. 158:
162. . 177.
172.. .. 185.
192 .
198.
206 ..•· 221; .•.
211
235;
224.
. 250..
.240.
265.
264.
294.
290.
• 324.
317.
354.
16 ::I
19 • a. .s·
19
. 20.
1.23 14.7
1.36 16.3
73.6
. 81.6
. 88.4
98.0
103.
114.
118 .
130.
132 ...
147.
147.
163. 180. 196..
.
212. 229..• 245.. ' 261. . 277. 294. 326.. ·... 359.
:isa·
392 .. 20 -t .
I» . ..,
. (t)

21 1.50 18.0 900 108 126. 144 .. 162 .. 180. 198. . 216. 238: 252 . 210:
297 .. · .
288.
317: . 337.
306. 324.
356.
360.
396.. 4j6
432 ..
476.
21
22
::I
,,... 0
22 1.65 19.8 99.0. 119. .139 ..·. 158. 178. 198. 218. ·. 238. . 257. 277;
. 476 .. 518 .. 23
en ::::1
194. 216, 238 . 259: . 281. ·. ·302. 324.< :346. 367 .. 389,, 432.
23 1.80 21.6 108:. 130 151. 173.
.~
.
259. •. '306. 330.''· 353... 3713 .. 400. ·424. 470. 516. 564~ 24
.· 24 1.96 23.5 118. 141. 165 . 188. 212. 235~ 282.
434. . 460. . 510. 6n2. 612: 25
25 2.12 25.5 128. 153 179. 204. 230. 255 .. · 281. 306.·'·. 332. 358c '383: 408. '--< .·
26 2.30 27.6 138. 166. 193 .• 221. 248. 276.
297.
304 ...
326.
331.
356..
359 .. ;'
386.
386 ..
416,
414. •'.
426.
442;.
476:
470. .
. 504.
496,..
534 .
. 552.
594, ·.
. 608.
652.
662.
712.
26
27
..,
·o,.. .
. PJ .
27 2.48 29.7. 148. 178 .. 208. 238. 267. 768. 28
480. 512. 544. 576., 640. 7b4.
28 2.67 32.0 160. 192. 224. 256. 288. ·.. 320. 352 .. 384. 416 .. 448:
548. , 584 ..· 618. .. 686. 754 .. 824. 29 ·~
,__,.
1n. 206 .. . 240..· 274 . 309 .. 343. 377. 412 .. 446. 480: 514. .·
29 2.86 34.3 550.' .. . 588. 624. 660. 734 .. 8bR. 880 . 30 .......
36.7 183 220 257. 294 330. 367. 404. 440. 476 .. 514:
30 3.06 '-_'
("')
,32.
32
34
3.46 41.8
3.93 47.2
209.
236.
251.
263.
293. ·.
330.
334.
378 ..
376.
424.
418.
472.'.
460.
520.
502.
566..
544.
614.
586...
. 550:
628.
708:
792 ..·
668.
756.
844,
710.
002: ·
898...
752.
848.
952,··
836.
944.
1056.
'920.
1040.
1164.
10.04.
1132 .
1266.
34
36
···.·u
PJ ·. ·
4.41 52.9 264. 317. 370. 422; '476. 520. 582. 634 .• 688.· 740 .• ··.I I f""+' . .
36 . PJ . .

liiil'il;,;t'I.:·
r-' ,., ;.:;,;.i:t:.'.ljt~~~if«\!1".J:~jf1:'1'.I· J;~.;, :,~,, d;.•;1-7)·~~,N~1~klc~~.:1~•J.,;\i~J\1:,i;i.-'.~•·t
''il'tf"'J" .. !'1Jt~!"'. _ . . Jr....... , . •.
. , .- .
·•;<!;i<,{~.'01; o.: •.· Ti-~ ..t..
.. ,'i'~ ••
1 '< . . ; .. 1 • ~ ~ •• • ... •• ,.,,.. ~ .. $

....._.·-·-· ·. ' .... :. --:-- ' - ·. ' .

... ..,.,.,. ~-.••.,.,. ~..- •~•,...:•~•-,._.,,,., M,rn.11!:•1 t•

.,,,, ....>
I
Miscellaneous·
. . . .. . . I . '

·-·<·
~.~!. Displacement per Stroke-:-ln Gallons µ.s.
~

,~.
For Various Diameter Plungers I

~
.,_,~ .·Stroke lengths in inchel

•...
:

Plunger

....•.
diam in i
inches 1 1' 1 2 2' 1 3 3h 41 5 6 7 8
.;...~;
I
.8125 .00224 .00336 .00448 .00560 .00672 .00785 .00896 .01120 .01345 .01570 .01792
.875 .00261 .00392 .00522 .00652 .00783 .00914 .01044 .01305 .01565 .01630 .Q209()
) .9375 .00299 .00448 .00598 ,00748 :00897 .01046 .01196 .01495 .01795 .02093 .02329
1.000 .00340 .00510 .00680 .00850 .01020 .01190 .01360 .0170 .0204 .0238 .0272
... 1.0625 .00383 .00574 .oono .00959 .01151 .01343 .D15l5 .01915 .02298 .02681 .03064

,,•1,1.
~
I
1.125 . .0043 .00645 .0086 .01076 .0129 .01506 .01n1 .0215 .0258 .0301 .0344
1.1875 .00479 .00718 .00957 .01196 .01435 .01674 .01916 .02395 .02874 .03353 .03832
1.250 .00532 .00797 .0106 .0133 .0159 .0186 ' .021~ .0266 .0319 .0372 .. 0425
1.3125 .00586 .00879 .01172 .01465 .01758 .02051 ..02344 .02930 .03516 .04102 .04688

•..}
1.375 .00643 .00965 .0129 .0161 .0193 .0225 .0257 .0322 .0386 .0451 .0514
I
.. 1.4375 .00703 .01054 .01405 .01756 .02108 .02459 .02810 ..03513 .04216 .04920 .05621
1.500 .00765 .01148 .0153 .0191 .• ;02295 .0268 .0301;\ .0383 .0458 .0536 .0612
')' 1.5625 .00830 .01245 .01660 .02075 .02490 .02905 .033~0 .04150 .04980 .05810 .06640
1.625 .00898 . .01348 .01798 .0225 .0270 .0314 .0360 .0450 .0536 .0628 ..0718
1.6875 .00968 .01452 .01936 .02420 .02904 .03389 .03873 .04841 .05809 .. 06777 .07745
1.750 .01041 .01561 .02082 .02610 .0312 .0364 .0417 .0521 .0624 .0728 .0832

··~
.-'.)
) 1.8125
1.875
.01117
.01196
.01675
.01l94
.02234
.0239
.02792
.0299
.03351
.0359
.03909'·
.0418
.04468
·.0478
.05585 .06702
.0598 ..0718
.07819
.0837
.08936
.0957

•1•·-;· 1.9375
2.000
.01276
.01360
.01914
.0241
.02552
.0272
.. 03190
.0340
:03828
.0408
.04466
.0477
.05104
.054~
.06380 .07656
.0680 .0817
.08932
.0953
.10208
.1088

.,
2.0625 .01446 .02169 .02892 .03615 .04338 .05061 .05784 .07230 .08676 .10122 .11568
(
2.125 .01536 .()230 .0307 .0384 .0461 .0537 .0614' .0768 .0922 :1075 .1228
J 2.1875 .01627 .02440 .03254 .04067 .04881 .05694 .06508 ·.08135 .09762 .11389 .13016
• .! 2.250 .01720 ..0258 .0344 .0430 .0516 .0602 .0688 .0860 .1033 .1205 .1376
2.3125 .01818 .02727 .03646 .04545 .05454 .06363 .07212 .09090 .10908 .12726 .14528
.\
·J
2.375 .01917 .0287 .0383 .0478 .0575 .0671 .0767 .0958 1148 .1340 .1532
.~, . 2.500 .02125 .0319 .0425 .0532 .0637 .0744 .0850 .1063 . .1274 .1488 .1700
2.625 .02347 .0352 .0469 .0587 . .0704 .0822 .0939 .1173 1409 "1643 .1878

·~' ~
2.750 .02573 .0386 .0514 .0643 .0772 .0900 .1029 .1287 .1544 .1802 .. 2058
2.875 .02810 .0421 .0562. .0702 .0843 .0983 .112!4 .1405 .1686. .1967 .2248
•) 3.000
3.125
.03060
.03320
.0459
.0498
.0612'
.0664
.0765
.0830
.0918
.0996
1071
.1162 .
.1224
.1328
.1530
.1660
.1836
.1992
.2142
.2324
.2448
.2656
·':~
.:.\ ·f
3.250
3.375
.03590.
.03872
.0538
.0581
.0718
.0714
.0897
.0968
;1077 .·
.1162
.1256
.1355
.1436
.1549
.1795
.1936
.2154
.2323
~2513
.2710
.2872
.3097
. ·~ 3.500 .04165 .0624 .0833. 1042 .1249 .1458 .1666 .2083 . .2499 .2916 .3332

~
3.625 .04470 .0670 .0894 1117 .1341 .1565 .1788 .2235 .2682 .. 3129 .3576
1
3.750 .04780 .0717 .0956 . 1195 . 1434 .1673 . .191 2 .2390 .2868 .3346 .3824

.)
.)
'
3.875
4.000
.05110
.0542
.0766
.0813
.1022 .. 1277
.1084 1360
.1533
.1626
.1788 .
.. 1897
.2044
.21$8
.2555
.2710
.3066
.3252
.3577
.3794
.4088
.4336

.)
4.125 .0578 .0867 .1156 1445 .1734 .2023 .23f2 .2890 .3468 .4046 .4624

•;: J 4.250 .0614 .0921 .1228 1535 .1842 .2149 .2456 .3070 .3684 .4298 .4912

•
4.375 .06508 .0976 .1302 .1627 .1952 .2278 '
.2603 .. 3254 .3905 .4556 .. 5207 .
4.500 .06885 .1033 .1378 .1722. .2066 .2410 .2755 .3444 .4131 .4820 .5508
4.625 . .07273 .1091 1454 .1818 .2182 .2545 .29Q9 .3636' .4364 .5091 .5818
4.750 .07672 .1151 .2302 . .2685
·~
.1534 .1918 .30El9 .3836 .4603 .5370 .6138
4.875 .0808 .1212 .1616 2020 .2424 .2828 .32~2 .4040 .4848 .5656 .6464
.'.!
"
5.000 .0850 .1275 1700 2125. .2550 .2975 .3400 .4250 .5100 ·.5950 .6800

•.,
.4685 . .5622
·4tf·
'
5.250
5.500
.09371
.10286
.1405
.1542
.1874
.2057
:2343
.2571
.2811
.3086
.3279
.3600
.3748 .
.41 ;4 .5143 .6171
.6560
.7200
.7497
.8228
5.790 .11242 .1686 .2248 .2810 .3372 .3934 .44S6 .5621 .6745 .7869 .8993
6.000 .12241 .1836 .2448 3061 .3672 .4284 .48$6 .6121 .7345 .8569 .9793
' )
6.250 13282 .1992 .2656 .3321 .3984 .4648 .53la .6641 .7969 .9297 1.0625
6.500 .14366 .2155
~
.2873 .3593 .4310 .5028 .5746 .7183 .8620 1.0056 1.1493
6.750 .15492 .2324 .3098 3873 .4647 .5422 . .6197 .7746 .9295 1.0845 1.2393
7.000 .16660 .2499 .3333 4166 . .4998 .5831 .66$6 .8333 .9998 1.1662 1.3328
9(' 7.250 . 17872 .2681 .3574 4468 .5361 .6255 .7148 .8935 1.0723 1.2510 1.4297 ...

•.,
~

~
'<

)
'
7.500
7.750
8.000
8.500
9.000
19125
.20423
.21760
.24566
.27450
.2867
.3063
.3264
.3685
.4131
.3825
.4084
.4352
.4913
.5508
4781
.5106
.5440
.6141
.6885
.5737
.6127
.6538
.7370
.8262
.6694
.7148
.7616
.8598
.9639
I
.76$0
.81G9 .
.87()4
.98~6
1.1016
.9562
1.0212
1.0880
1.2283
1.3770
1 1475
1.2254
1.3056
1 4738
1.6525
1.3387
1.4297
1.5232
1.7196
1.9278
1.5300
1.6337
1.7408
1.9653
2.2033
'": Plunoer area • stroKe
~I Displacement
231
~
.4t.J
·-·
'· 8-13
... '•
-
!
I)
'"'.

Ingersoll-Dresser Pumps
. . . . ' . '.
Cam'eron Hydral1lic .·Data.

Areas of Circles·
Diameters in Inches and Areas in Square Inches*

Dia Area I Dia I Art:a· Dia l__ Ar_e_a_··_ •Dia I· Area .·1 Dia I• Azf:j;; ·

Ya. .012272 .H I 44.1787 15H ,1. 173.782 Y2 ·.· 471.436 1-• 1209.958
Ji{ .049087 % 45. 663b 176. 715 ·~ 481 107 !-2 1225.42
~ . . 110447 "~. ' . 47. 1731 Ya 179. 673. 25 ~ . 490: 875 ~~ 1240 :9Sl
;.~
Y2
%
~
. 19&35
.3067%
. 441787
8
H
Ya
48.7071
50.Wb
51. 8487
·.. ~
!-~.
I
1~8:692
182.&55 500.742
Ji{ 40
H 510:106 ... !{
185.6&1
"~ · 520. 769 H
12Sft:M
1%7.2~
1288.252
Ya .601322 !{ 53.4563 h . 191.'748. 26 ... '530:93 !-~ 1304:206
1. .7854 .~. 55.0884 K 194.~28 · ~ ·. 541.19, 41 , 1320.257
Ya .99402 ·H 56.7451 Ys ttn.~33 . 72. 551.547 1
y4 133&.407
~i 1.2272 ,1 58.42b4 t6· . 201.062 ' ~ 562.003 . l~ 1352.655
~ 1.4849 ~., 60.1322 Ys 204:21&.. 27 572.557 . ·~ 1369.001
. ~ · ,207.395. · N: · 583.209 ·_1 3. 85 ._• ~.·· ·
}i·.
~'
k
L7671
2. 0739
2.4053
·
9
:¥8
Ya
61.8&25
&3. 6174
65.3968
~··· 210. 598 .··y; 593. 959.
H 213.1:125 . ~i 604.807 . . !-i
42
!4 1401 9
1418.63
.,
Ya 2;7fil2 ~. &7;2008 Ya 217.077 28 .615.754 '% 1435.37
·· 2 · a. 1416 "' . &q.02q3 % 220.354 . M . 626. 798 43 . 1452.2
Ya .3:54&&. . ;.,l 70.8823 ·. Yi. 2:?3.b5S .. ;-2 · &37 ..941 ~i 1469.H
34 3.9701 .Ys· 72.i59'1 17· ·22fds1· ·~ 649.182 H· 148&.11· ·
"' 4.4301 " 7U162l - ·Ye 230.331' . 29 . 660.521 ... ;-.- .15(J3.3 .,
Yi 4.9087 Y8 i& 5888 3-i . 233:706 .. ·. M 671.959 44 1520.53
Ye 5.4119 10 · 78,54 % 237.105 ·.?ii 683.494 . !-i 1555.29
% 5 939& .· ~· 80.5158 · H . 240 .. 529 . ·~ . 695~128 .· 45 .. 15.'Kt43.
H .6 4918 ii· s2.5t61 . 'ii, 243_qn 30. · 10&.86 !-i 1625.97
··~·. 718·.&'l
3.
Ye
34
7.0b86
7 .6&99
8.2958
. "'
.H
"'
84 M09
Sb.5903 ·
SS.6&43
I/. •

18 I·
3: : 247.45
250. 948 .
. 7" ··. 730.blS
254.47 5l '742;&45. ·47
46 •
- . !-i
1661.91 ··.···
1698.23
1734;95 ....
"• ·90.7&28· .~ 1 ·~~
""
~
8.94b2.
9:6211 . 3'8 92.8858 . ~' I 31 ··. 754.7b9
258.016
2bl.5Si >• .
766.992 48
1772.06
1809.5&
Ye
"
Ya
10.a20&
11.0H7
t I. 7933
u . 95.0334
Ys 97.2055
.· ;., 9'1: 4022 · h
HI
"'·· 2&5:1s3
:?bS;S03.
272 A4S
H i7CJ.a1a .. ~~.
·~ 791.732 49
32 · 804 25 . !-i ·
1847.4&.
1885.75
1924 .43
4 .12.56&4 !-i 101,r,234 ·Fi··:m,.111 · ·.· ~( 81&:s6s 50 19&3.s
Ya 13.3641 . Vi 103.8&'11 .. ,b , 279.s11 n ·.
s29.Si9 !~ 2002.91
~ 14. l>ib3.. "' 10&.13~4 19 .·· I :?SJ.529 ,i. 842.3 1H 51 ··. 2042.83 .. .'./.
'-"
n 15.033
15.IJ043
h
·I· '. tos.4343
/~8 )IO.i537
Hi :is1.2;2 33 · 855.301
~~· 291.04 ··~···.&&S.:\09 '52
~--2 2083.0R
2123.72
,1 ~ ! . 2q-4.S32 ~21· 881.415 • H
-~~
lb.SOO!.! ·. 12. ··. 113.098 .
17.7206. .. tj 11S.4bli .~~ . 1 2<iS.64S ~f. .894.62 • ·53
2164.7&
2206.19
.
... ~
~ t 302.'ISq 34 . ·. <>07. 922 · ~·· 224~.0J
6
Ya
Ye
18. 6655
· 19.&35
20.&29
. 74 117. 85'1
.·"' 120.277
M 122.il9 h
I
·~ .306.355 ·.. !,.( 921.323 54
310.245 · ···~ 93.4.822
2290.t ;
·~~. 2332.9
. i':!

34 21.6476 '" 125~185 20 314.16 '4 . 948:42.· 55 2376,4.

~,. 22. 6907 .. '~ 127.6'77 V I 322. 0&3 35 . %2.115 • 56 2463 .4
....
7'I. 23 .. 7583 >i 130.192 l ~. ! 330.0&4 .· .· u 9i5.909 57 2551.8 . .
% 24.8505 13 . 132:733 ~l '1 338.164. H 989.9. 58 .. 2641
"
?"8
. 25.q673 'tl
. 27.1086 .. . ·. ··~ I ll7~8&7
135;297 21 346.361. ~· 1003. 79
!·4 354.&57 36 . 1017.SiS 60.
59. 2734...
2834•.
.. .
'.. 28~2144 . ~ ., 140.501.. . . ~·· . 3b3.051 u1032.065 ·. 61 2921 ·.
Ya 29.4648 .· H 143.13'1 •.· .. ;-' : . 3i"LS43 ... ·;.-2 11)4&.349 62 · 3019 ,,..
!..( 30 6797. . h 145.802 22. l 380, 134 .. ··. ~:i 1102~· 732 63 ' 3117 ..
""
l-2
Ye
31.9191
33. 1831
34.4717
·. ,. 148.49 I
:hi I 151.202 .
14 . 1. 153.938
J.( 1.3SS.S:!2 37 .. · lOii>.213 64
h ! 397 ;fi()<). ··•. < !.( J089. 792 65
~i I 406:494 · Yi · · IJ04A69 66
3217
3218
3421
. - ~.

-~~ 35.7848 . Ye 156.7.. 23 ; 415:477 ... ~( 1119.244 ,7 3527.

7~ . 37. 1224
. 38.4846
• !41·159.485 ·. . • ~(. ·~· 424:558 . 38 . · 1134_ 118
. ~· 1&2.2%.. 1+ 1 433~;37 M' 1WJ.OS9. "
68 . .. 3632 ·.
3739'
}.'I aci.s113· .H .165.13. k1 443.015 ~- 11.64.lSCJ 70 3849
!..( 41.2826 '-"a I lb7.IJ9 24 I 452.3CJ ~4.11179.327 71 3960.
~ .42.7184 !
·.. ,.4 li0_.874 I ·~.(I 4bL8fi4 .· .39···•·1. 1194;593 12.. 4.071

* Al!IO applies to any consistent system; i.e. ft~sq ft .• yd-~q yd; meter~sq meters. etc.

8-14
 · Miscellaneous ·
. •. .1 . •.
Standard
. . Hardness
·.. .. Conversion
. ·.. . . liables
I for .Steel

Brine11·
Rockwell
10 mm
Diamond Cone Penetrator Standard Vickers
Ball
C Scale D Scale A Scale 3000 kg Diamond
150 kg load 100 kg load 60 kg load load Pyramid

68 76.9 85.6 940

67 76.1. 85.0 900
66 75.4 84.5 865
65 74.5 83.9 832
64 73.8 83.4 800
63 73.0 82.8 772
62 72.2 82.3 746
61 71.5 81.8 720
60 70.7 81.2 697
59 69.9 80.7 674
58 69.2 • 80.1 653
57 68.5 .79.6 633
56 67.7 79.0 613
55 .66.9. 78.5 595
54 66.1 78.0. . 577
53 . 65.4 77.4 560
52 64.6 76:8 500 544
51 63.8 76.3 487 528··
50 63.1 75.9 475 513
49 62.1 75.2 464 498
48 61.4 74.7 . 451 484
47 60.8 74.1 442 471
46 60.0 73.6 432 . 458
I 45 59.2 73.1 421 446.
•
"'} 44 58.5 . 72.5 409 434
43 57.7 72.0 400 423
42 56.9 71 ;5. 390 412
41 56.2 70.9 381 402
40 55.4 70.4 371 392
39 54.6 69.9 362 382
38 53.8 69.4 353 372
37 53.1 68.9 344 363
36. 52.3 ···s0.4 336 354
35 ·51.5 67.9.· 327 345
34 50.8 67.4 319 . 336
33 50.0 66.8 311 327
32 49.2 66.3 301 318
31 48.4 .·Eis.a 294 310
30 47.7 65.3 . 286 302
29 47.0 64.7 279 294
28 46.1 64.3 271 286
27 45.2 63.8 264 . 279
26 44.6 63.3 258 272
25 43.8 62.8 253 266
24 . 43.1 62.4 247 260
23 42.1 62.0 243 254
. 22 41.6 61.5 237 248 -
21 40.9. 61.0 231 243
20 40.1 60.5 226 238

Data from ASTM E 140. . · i

Conversion of hardness values must be considered as somewhat approximate.

!

8-15
 . . . . . .' . . .

.·. I ~. lngersoll·Dresser Pulllps . Caineron ·Hydraulic Data

' ' '"

'MEASUREMENT'OF ~HE.AD WITH VARJOUS · .·

· TYPES OF GAGES*. ·.
··Symbols .. ·
(The following symbols apply to Figs. A>toH) .. ···
hr1u = Discharge gage reading in feet of,\·ater
h . . y = Suction _g.age .reading in feet of water · .. · .· ·. . . ·. · . . · ·. ·
Z r1 = Elevation of dis.ch.ar.ge gage zero aboYe datum elevation in feet ·
··Zs= Elevation of suction gage zero above datum elevation in feet ·
(Zr1 and Zs are negative if the gage zero is below the datum
· elevation) · · .· · . · . .. · .· · . ·· .· · · · · . , . · . . •. · . ..
Yd · Elevation . of. discharge· gage connection . to.· discharge· pipe·• .··
above datum elevation in feet . .. · . .· ·· .· · · •. .· · ·. .· . ..·.
Y s= Elevation of suction gage connec~ion to suction pipe above .· ·
datum e1evationJn feet · · · ·. · · ·
(Y,, and Y.~ are negative. if the gage conrtectionto the pipe ·• · ··.
. . liesbelowthedatumelevation) .· ... ·.·· ... · ..· ·... · .. · . ·. ·...
V d .··Average water velocity in clis~harge pipe, at discharge gage··
· connection in ft/sec . . · · · .... ··• .· . .. · · · ·· . .. :
in
V . . =Average water velocity. ·suctiou pipe atsuctiCJn gage con~ ·
. nectioriinft/sec'. · ... ·.· · ·. ··.· . . .··. · ·.
hd ==Total discharge head in feet. above atmosph~ric pressure at
· ··· datum elevation. ·. · •··. ·. . · · ··· · · · ·. . > · · .· · · · ·

. h!J ~·Suction or discharge gage·readi.ng in feet of mercury

· hs= Total suction· head. ·in·. feet above .atmospheri~ pressure at .·
datum elevation .
H · Total pump head in feet·
H....:hrl '-h s. '. ' ' ' ' ' ' . '· ' ', ' ' ' ', '' ' ' ''
' • ·...•. ·' '(hd and hs are negative if the corre~ponding pressures at the''' ' '
.· • ·.··. ·..· daturri elevation.are below the atmosph~ric pressure)· .· . · ·· •.·.· ·.
W111 · Specific weighfof mercury, lbs/cu ft== 848.699Jb/ft 3 at 0°C
(32°F) or 845.622 lb/ft3 at20°C (68°F) ·· · · . ·
w · .Specific weightof liquid pumpecC lbs/cuft" . . . ·....
h, Z ·and V without sµbscripts: apply equally to suction and .· · ·
discharge head i:neasurements. :..·..· . . . . ·.·.·...· · ··. .· · · .• . ·.· •
·.Datum, elevation is at 'the centerline ofhorizontal pumps and .
at the entrance eye of the suction illipeller on vertical shaft
pumps.·
. Note: --The word "Water" is used in the f ollo\\~ng text to represent ·...
the liquid being pumped. The provisions are applicabletothe pumping
of other liquids, such as oi}, the gages except mercury gages, con-
. taining the same liquid as that being pumped. ·· ·
Pages 7-28 to 7-33 reprinted fi:~m Standards. of the Hydraulic· Institute.
8-16
 Miscellaneous
I .. .
Connecting· pipe air-filled, to be drained before reading. Water
cannot be used in U tube if either hr1y or hsJI exceeds height of
.
rising
loop. I
In particular installations, either hr1 or k~ may be. measured by
various types of gages. Figs. D to H illu~trate various examples,
hu representing generally the· gage reading~ applicable to either the
discharge gage reading h"" or the suction htading h,•.

Measurement of Head by . MeansI of Water Gages

. :

Ii
Datu.J.
./
Q-

Zd
- - - - -o--4--4--DotvM · l
J
fillecl i'ith
water
llblZso .
L
i
!

F1JC. A . Fil(. B

i
If the pressure at the gage connection "a'I' is above the atmospheric
pressure use arrangement shown in· Fig. ~ with line between dis-
charge or suction pipe and the correspond~ng gage filled completely
·with \\Tater. · · ·· ! · ·
i
ii
In this case
-. .... v rl 2 v2
h".=
. . .
h".... + zrl.+ --·
i
h ~ :t= h NII + z· + -2g-
ti
2g "' i • ,,

If pressure at gage coTinection "a" is below atmospheric pressure

use arrangement shown in Fig. B showingl suction gage. ·.
. . . . I . -
In this case. . . . -·· . [ ·. · . .
- .
h ,. = h "" - z. + -+---
s
. v.~2
~.. ~g

The negative sign of Zi; indicates that th~ gage zero is located below
the datum. · ·. I .. · -
If the pressure at the gage connection "a" is below. the atmospheric
. I
pressure, use arrangement shown in FigJ C with line between the
discharge or suction pipe and the corresporlding gage filled completely
with air. .
8-17
 . . ' .

I' lngersoH·DresRr Pumps . Cameron Hydraulic; Data ..

. ' v rl 2
hrl = - hrly + .·y rl +-.
. 2g-
v2
hs= .... + Y •'. +-·~-.
. -h "" 2g .·.

. ' . . ', ·.. :':. . ·.. ' •'' : . •' :

·.. . . ' :' .. :-, ' :. .

Signs of Yd . and Y .~ apply to positions show~

' ..
,,
in Fig.
...
C. . :

Measure~ent of Head~ by Means of Met.cury Gages •. ·•

The gage pressure is above the .atmospheric pressure and the .· ·
connection line is filled \Vith liq~id. ptunped . .fln~an.gementpe1· Fig .. D
In this case ' Gou9e c:onnec:tion . . V.nt Vol••
. I •/·.
· · w · ·.·. ·. ··. ·v 2 · .••. t .·.. · ..
h= -··'-"hu+Z+·-.·
' ' .
. ~., ( ·.. v .·.· .. ·.. t
U .... -~ y

. ·"

.: .·
·· ri~'. n.· · .Doturn ·
- - - - ---'--'---'--·---
Wben the gage pr~ssure below the atmospheric pressure, arid is
the connecti11g. line is completely filled \\;th. air, with· a rising loop to
prevent water from passing to mercury column. Arrangement per · · ·
Fig. E. .. . . . . . . . .·

In this case
. . /Gouge c:onn~c:tio~
·- Wm h . y· · V 2
. .. v
1----...U.----ll

.h
· --
w g
+ . +-
2 - ·.. !!!'.!!!3 .. -+!~Kl>- I.I--_..___
y

- .
. y
1

Oroin hg
Pot . -1.. .
Mercury
Ootu"1 .

I 8-18
 ' .

~ Miscellaneous
~·.·-----------.,-.-_-___....;..._________;;...___;...____·_·__--+-I------~--~----~
..... Measurement of Total Pump Hiead by Means of
=;
•..
In this case Differential Mercu1 Gage '""' v., •••
I
-\ H -- ( -
Wm- - 1 ') h +V/·- -v-
. .2 I,.---.'
•.)
.'\

~
, .1 w• g 211 2g

41
/ !ill).'
/i
, I

L~ m;
~
--H----1+--"';;;;;......Di.s__,.,ch.

:;. -..1V1Mr1:1'.G !"-H J 1

• ~.' S1.1c.l ~I· I •
-:) - I hsg Dirr~renllal
: . ·I MercucyQ"I•

4t}.
> Fi~. F j
~· i

e) hg-Reading of differential mercury gag~ feet of mercury.· in

•'; Connecting lines are completely fiHed with water.
e!j.. : . Besides. the differential gage,· usea . separkte suction. gage as shown
er· ·' r
in Figs. B and E. · · · · · · 1
1
· .

.:!.
e,...L
•
)...
. . h -·. Wm .h··
-~---- .~y-
W
. z +l.' V}
1- ·
2 11

Measurement of Hea.d by Mea~S of Calibrated

!,

!
'

•· Bourdon.Gagef
• .The relation between the pressure expre$sed in pounds per square
•'· inch (psi) and that expressed in feet of he.ad is: 1

... Py= Gage reading, psi

•. w '-Specific weight of the liquid in lbs/c~ ft m'!ll·
•!
•: · Z is measured to the center of the gage aiJid is negative if the center· -
of the gage ·lies below the datum line. I ·
• · . Gage pressure abo,·e the atmospheric pr~ssure ·and the connecting
tl 1 ·
•_.,
~
line completely filled with water.·
In this case
144P11 V2
. ! Pg ·
.-----:-·-
. i

I
'

Go~qe .eo•"tc';""
~.' h= +Z+- -.,._i----1r-----~

~
,.~
w 2/J
z
I
---1-i I V '
.-~ JJ- -
••
I -·f

I I

.\.•.
'II,,~· "I

(!JI I
t
(Continued,· next page) ::>0•11 ...
------
~f
, R-Hl
 I) lngersoll·Dress~f PumPs.··. ···calller()~ Hyd;~uli~ nata· ·• . ··.< ~
. . ·~;::
Measurement·. of H~:ad.· on- V erttcal Su-cti<ln . P.umps •· . .·~:
· ·in Sumps and Channels . . .
· .
·-·~
In installations ofvertical shaft pumps drawing water from. large · ··~··.
open sumps and having short inlet passages of a· length not exceeding
about three diameters of the inlet ·opening, such inlet pieces having··
t9,
been _furnished .as part of the pump, the total head ..shall be the
reading of th.e .discharge gauge.in feet, plus the velo¢.ty head at the
. gauge connection. iri feet, plus the. vertical distance . from the· gauge
center to the free water level in the sump in ft. (Zws - Z 8 ). .
•·
.S, '"
-~
.C.
: . .·. . .
....

·.'~ ._
..... :,.

' . . ·. 4f.•
·.: ._.~·-
.· . .··.··c)
I
·;·.··:, ....
Vd··· .··.·

zd . ·. · .. · _..
.·

. .
.
. . i

...
..... ·,
.
··1··.
.
::~

,.,
Z.., ..
t I
-- ... _.,
· IMPELLER EYE - DATUM •·. . · ·1; · . ··c.··
.. ...·,
.•·
Fi~. H ....
·•··
···~·.
:··.. ..
. .·
.
..'~. .
...•.·
~~ .·.. .

· ;.
-~~-
~~~-

·~
·;
.
.

.
:

.
.
.

'
.•.,..I
·····E·.;~.
,.··

......
.
. .r:

-:· : .·

t-
. ··.r"

•
~
.
..!:,,

'i
tt
'
·£.·,.
~·.:
,,_
-~·
......" .
. -~

I . 8-20.
 Miscellaneous j

.
Data Required by Pump l\lanufacturers For
. I I
· Proper Selection of Mat~rial ·
I. SOL L'TION TO BE PUMPED !Give common name, wherJ possible such as "spinning bath,"
"black liquor," "spent pickle,'' etc.,. ....... ~ .............. ~.: ..... ·........................ .
2 PRINCIPAL CORROSIVES (H:S0 4 • HCJ; etc.) .......... j.•.•.••••••.•••••• , .•.....•.• .c;c
by weight. (In cases of mixtures. state definite percentages! by weight. For example: mixture
contains 29< acid. in terms of 96.51f H 2 SO~. !
3. pH (if aqueous solution) ............... ~ .•. at ............ ~ .............................. F
4. · 1.MPt:RITIES OR OTHER COXSTITUENTS NOT GIVEN IN "2" (List amounts of any
metallic salts, such as chlorides. sulphates, sulphides, dn~males. and any organic nmtetials
which may be present, even though in percentages as low~ .Ol'k. Indicate. where practical,
whether they act as accelerators or inhibitors on the pump rraterial.) ...........••........ ; .
.................................. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . _. . . . . . . . . . . 1•• - . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 .. SPECIFIC GRAVITY (solution pumped). ............. atl .............................. F
6. T~~PERATURE OF SOLCTIO:-i: Maximum ..... :.: .... 1. . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . f,
Mm1mum .......... F. Normal. ......... F · . · i .
7. VAPOR PRESSCRES AT ABOVE TEMPERATURES: Maximum ......•.................
Minimum ...•...... Normal .......... (Indicate units us~d, such as pounds gauge, inches
. water, millimeters mercury.) . . . . i . .
8. VISCOSITY .......... SSU: or ....... ; .. centistokes: at.!. .............................. F
9. AERATION: Air-Free .......... Partial •...... : ... Satur~ted ••..•.. .'. ·........... , ...... . .'
Does liquid have tendency to foam! ..... ; ................ J• ~ ••• ; ......................... .
· 10. OTHER GASES IN SOLUTION ......... ;ppm.-or ..... l. ... cc per liter ......•...........
. .! . '
11. soi.ins'iN.sus?:EN"sioN:'l~t~.t~-~~?;~;::: :: :::: ::: :: :1:: :: ::: ::::::: :: :: ::::: :::::::::
•................·~ ..••.•.••..•.. ,. .......................·•• -.1 ••. ·•• ~ .- ••••.• ".• ~ •.••.. ~ •••• "•. ~ •'
Specific gravity of solids .............................. ; ; . ~ .... : . ~ ..... ; ........... ~ ... ..
Quantity of solids .........•. : .....•..••............... .: ; ....•....... ·.......• % by weight.
Particle size .......... mesh .. : ...................... ; . JI.....................
. 'h by weight
.
. . .......... mesh ............ ~ ................ ., .... ~ ... ." ..•......... 'k by weight
··· .......... mesh ....•...... ~ ................i ••••••••••••••••••••• 'h by weight
Character of solids: Pulpy .... ; . . . Gritty. . . . . . . . Hard
12. CONTINUOUS OR INTERMITTENT SERVICE ........................................ .
Soft ..........•........ I ........
Will pump be used for circulation closed system or trans(er~ ......•.......•.••.............
. . Will pump be operated at times against ~losed discharge? . j•••••• , ••• .' ••••••••••••••••••••••
If intermittent. how often is pump started?; ... '. .. ; , . time~ per ..•..•... : ........•.........
Will pump be flushed.and drained when.not in senice? ... i................ ; ............... .
13. TYPE OF MATERIAL IN PIPE .LINES TO BE CONNECTED TO PUMP; ...•...........
If desirable, are insulated joints practical? ; .............. !................................ .
If so. what percentage of element<Fe, Ni, Cu, etc.> is obj~ctionable? ..•. ~ .......... ; ..••...
14. IS METAL CONTAMINATION UNDESIRABLE? .....I.................. , .........•.•..
· 15. PREVIOUS. EXPERIENCE: Ha,·e you pumped this solut~on? .......... •.................. •
If so. of what material or materials was pump made? •... ·i ·. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . : ·
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " .1 • • • • • " • • • • • • • " • • • • • • " .. .. • • • • • .. • • • • '

Ser\'ice life in months~ .................. ~ .............. ~ !.......... .' .... ...........•......

In case of trouble, what parts were affected? ........ ~ .. ~ ............. : .. ...... ; ......... .
Was trouble primarily due to corrosion? •......... erosion? .......... galvanic action? ....... .

I
strav current? ••.•......••...............· .•.......... J •.•••••• • •••••••••••••••• • • • • • • • •
was. attac.k· um1onn.
'l'
. . . . . . . . .. . lfloc al'ize.d ' w h at parts were
? ... . ! .
mvo1ved?. . .. : ...•••..........
. '. .
• .. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • " •••••••• " •••••••• " ••••• f •••••••• ' " • " .
•••••••••••••••••.•• " ...... .

If galvanic action. name materials involved .......••••. f ................................ . ~

• ;o • "' • • " • • • • • ' ' • l~•
• • • • • ' • • * " "' "' • •
" • • • • ' • • " • • • t • I • • • • • - .. • • • " • • • • t <I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • I ' I • • I • ' •

If pitted, describe size, shape and location <A. sketch will be helpful in an analysis of problem ..
....... ............................ ........ ........................
'
. " ...... ............ . " "" ·•
.

16. WHAT IS CONSIDERED AN ECONOMIC LIFE?· .... I•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. -

(If replacement does not become too frequent, the use ofl
inexpen~ive pump materials may be
the most economical.) !
ReprintE.'d from Standards uf thE.' Hydraulic ln=-titute.

If - - - · - - - - - - -
i' 8-21
 ' .. , ... ' . . . . .....

·1) ln9ea'soll Dresser Pump~ 0 Callleron Hydra.ulicData

. . . . . . .

~---· --~ ---Pump Materials

. The accompanying tables ar~ priJ1ted as a guide pump users, to
indicating the materials commonly used in the manufacture of pumps
for the liquid services listed. It must be recognized, however, that
temperature, abrasive qualities the liquid, concentration, purity,· .. of
and strnctural design problems are factors that will: seriously affect
selection ·ofthe-nllrt-erials ~for a pUD1p. ·. . ·. · . ·· .
. The letter syrnbols and ilmnerical selections as used in Column ..5
· "Material Selection" are summarized below. . . . ... .
A--designates an all bronze.pump.
B -. designates a bronze fitted pump
·.•. C-.-•·
.
designates
.
an• all1ron. pump·
. . . , . . ~ -

. ·. Su'mmary of Materi~ISelections and ASTM*

· · · Standards Designations • · ·
Corresponding National Society
Material · Standards Designation ·
Selecticm · ·· ASTM* Remarks
1 . . . . . . . . . A48, Classes 20, 25, 30, Gray
. lrcin.,.-Slx
.
Grades- '

35, 40'& 50.

. 1(a) .. , . . . A536 & A395 DµctUe Cast Iron-Six Grades .... · · .. · . . ..· .
. 2 . . . . . . . . ,' 8584 .' .· . Tin Bronze &. Leaded .Tin Bronze_;. seven alloys ·.
3 · . . . . . . . . .A216-WCB . Carbon Steel . ·. ·•.· · ···· .· · · · · · · ···
4 . . . . . . . A217-C5 · . .· .5% Chromium Steel ·
5 ·.. . . . . . . A743-CA15 ' . 12% Chromium steel
6 . . . . . . . . . A7 43-CB30 . 20% Chromium Steel :
7 . . . . . .. . A743-CC50 · 2ao1c1 chromium steel ·
8 . . . . . . . . A743..:CF;.8 19-9 AusteniticSteel . . . . .. ·.. ·
9 . . .. .. .. A743~CF-8M . . . 19-1 o Molybdenum Austenitic Steel .· .
. 10 . . . . . . . . A743-CN,.7M ·.· ... · 20-29 ChromiuinNickel Au~tenitic Steel With . · ·
·. Copper&Molybdenuin .. ·_·.• ·
·11 .: .· ..... . A series of nickel·base alloys ·. .
. 12 ...... '. A518 . Corrosion Resistanf High·silicon cast iron
13 ....... . A436 Austenitic cast iron-2 types· · · · · ·
13(a) ..... . A439 Ductile Austeriitic Cast Iron
14 ....... . Niqkel~Copper alloy ···. · •
15' ....... . Nickel ·.. · ·. · · ·' . ·· · ·· :·. · · ··. · ·· ·.. · ·· . ·.
. • . 16' .. : .. ; .. . Duplex stainless steel-typically 250/o chromium, ·.
50/o nickel. 30/o molybdenum +nitrogen ' .
•ASTM....:denotesAmerican Society for Testing Materials. · .·_· ··. · ·. ·._.. •·. •····· · · ·· . .· ·
Tables reprinted from the Standards of the Hydraulic Institute. Copyfigl'fl by the J-lydraulic Institute.

WARNING·.
Some of the liquids covered in the following tables are extremely corrosive, toxic ot ··
volatile, and can be hazardous if mishandled or misused~ Improper handling or
usage could result in severe -damage· to equipment or property and/or serious
personal injury. or death. · · ·

8·22.
 Miscellaneous
, .· , . • I
.· · ·. · . · ,. . pu_r:np Material~ .. .
*Materials of Construction For Pumpirg .various Liquids
Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 • Column 5
Column l
Cond1t1on Chemical Spec1f1c Material 1
of hqu1d symbol gravity selection

Acetaldehyde C~H,0 0.78 c

Acetate Solvents A. B,C,8,9, 10, 11, 16
Acetoni::! C,H~O 0.79 B,C
Acetic Anhydride C,H,.0, 1.08 8,9, 10.11. 12, 16
Ac1d. Acetic Cone. Cold C~H,0: 1.05 8, 9, 10.11.12, 16

·Acid. Acetic D1I. Cold 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16

Acid. Acetic Cone. 801hng 9. , 0, 1, 1. 12, ~ 6
Acid. Acetic , D1f. Bo1hng 9, 10. 11, 12, 16
Acid. Arsenic. Ortho- H ,AsO, 1·2H .O 2.0-2.5 8.9.10, 11, 12
Ac1d. Benzo1c C~H,O: '· 1.27 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Acid; Boric Aqueous Sol. H,80, A. 8, 9, 1o. , 1, 12, 16
Acid; Butyr1c Cone. C,H.O: 0.96 ' 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Acid. Carbolic Cone. fM. P. 106 Fl C.,H.O 1.07 C,8,9, 10, 11, 16·
Acid. Carbolic (See Phenol) B,8,9, 10, 11, 16
Acid. Carbonic Aqueous Sol. 4,8, 16
Acid. Chromic Aqueous Sol. Cr1 0, • H:O 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Acid. Citric Aqueous Sol. C.H.Or - H:O 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Acids. Fatty (Ole1c. 8,9, 10, 11, 16
Palrrutrc. Steanc.
etc.)
Acid. Formic 1.22 9, 10, 11, 16
Acid. Fru:t A,8,9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Acid. Hydrochloric Comt. Cone. HCI 1.19 (38°10) 11·
Acid. Hydrochlor,1c 011. Cold 11
Acid, Hydrochloric 011. Hot ............... '" .. 11
Acid, Hydrocyamc HCN 0.70 C, 8, 9, fO, 11, 16
Acid. Hydrofluoric Anhydrous. with Hydro HF+ HxCx 3, 14
Carbon
Acid, Hydrofluoric Aqueous Sol. HF 14
Acid, Hydrofluos1hc1c ............ . .: ....... . H S1F. 1.30 14
Acid, Lactic •. '. ~ ....... - " ........... . C,.H.O., 1.25 A. a, e, 1o. 11. 12. 16
Acid, MineWater A,C,5,8,9, 10, 11, 16
Acid, Mixed Sulfuric-Nitric 8, 9, 10, , , • , 2, 16
Acid, Mut1at1c (See Acid. Hydrochloric)
Acid. Naphthemc C,5,8,9,10,11,16
Acid, Nitric Cone. 801hng HNO .. .1.50 11, 16

Acid, Nitric Dilute 8,9.10, 11, 12, 16

Acid. Oxalic Cold C1 H1 0,·2H1 0 1.65 9, 10, 11., 12, 16
Acid. Oxahc Hot C,H10 1 ·2H1 0 10; 11, 12
Acid. Ortho·Phos- H,PO, 1.87' 9, 10, 11, 16
phonc
Acid, Pienc 1.76 8, 9, 10,.11, 12, 16

Acid. Pyrogall1c 1.45 8,9, 10.11, 16 .

Acid. Pyrohgneous A. 8, 9, 1 o. 11, 16
Acid, Sulfuric .•77°0 Cold 1.69-1.84 C, 10, 11, 12
Acid. Sulfuric 65/93% > 175F 11, 12
Acid. Sulfuric 65193% < 175F 10,, 1, 12

Acid. Sulfuric 10-65~0 10.11.12

Acid, Sulfuric < 10'\~ 10.11, 12, 14
Acid. Sulfuric Fuming H.so •.• SO, 1.92-1.94 3,10,11
(Oleum)
Acid, Sulfurous H~so, 8, 9, 10, 11. 16
Acid. Tannie C,,H, ..O., A,3,8,9, 10, 11, 14, 16

Acid, Tarta.ric Aqueous Sol. · A. 8, 9. 10, 11, 14. 16

Alcohols ............. ...· ..... ~
A. B,C,3
Alum See Aluminum Sulphate
and Potash Alum)
Aluminum Sulphate Aqueous Sol (upto200°F) · AIASO,) .. 10, 11, 12, 14
Ammonium. Aqua ........... ........... NH,OH c. 8, 9, 16
' . j ·. '
1 Materials indicated are most commonly used and are_meanLas_a_ GUIDE ONLY. Temperature,
abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity and structural design: problems are factors that _
must. also be considered
. in the selection of materials for a oumo. I: · 8 23
 . . .,

I ) .lngersoll·l>resser Pumps .Cameron

. .
Hydraulic Data . . .

*Materials of Construction For· Pumping' Various Liquids-(cC>rit:).

Colum_n 2 Column 3 · Column 4 Column 5

Column i
Cond1t1on, Chemical Specific Material'
L1qu1d ol l1qu1d ·. .· symbol gravity' selection

Ammonium B1car 7 Aqueous SoL NH,HCO, ·........ . b,3,5

bonate
Ammomum Chlonde Aqueous Sol. NH,CI · ... ·...... . 9,10, 11, 12. 14,16
Ammonium Nitrate AqueousSoL NH,N0.1 C,.8,9,.10, 11, 14,16
Ammonium Phos- Aqueous Sol. (NH,J~HPO, C,8,9, 10, 11, 14, 16
phate •.D1bas1c
A.lummum Sulfate · Aqueous Sol. (NH,J:SO, · e. 9, 1o. 11. 1e
Ammonium Sulfate.· With sullui1c acid 9, 10, 11, 12, 16.
Aniline . C.H:N 1.02 B,C
· . Ari1llne Hydro- Aqueous Sol. . C.,H~NHtHC, ..... ·.·..... .11, 12
chloride
Asphalt .. . Hot . 0.98-1.4 • C.5.
Barium Chloride Aqueous Sot.· Ba Cl~ c. 8, .9, 10, 11 ~ , 6 . '
Barium Nitrate Aqueous SoL : •. Ba( NO,.): . c, 8, 9, 1o~ 11, t 6 . ·
Beer · .~ ............. ...·.. . : • ••• ; ; · . + · . ', A,8, 16 '
Beer Wort A,8, 16 ...· •
Beet Juice ........ .·.........
.
, ..... . ' A,8,.16 . ', ' ·. ',
Beet Pulp· .. ...· .............
~
. .
· - ...... .
.
• A,8,8, 9, 10, 11, 16 ,' ,,'
'0.88
.. : ......
·Benzene
Benzine
Benzol
(See
(See
Petroleum ether) .
Benzene) . . .•..•..... •'•• ·«·· •,••
. ',:·,,
.·s.c
'
-
....,.............................. .......... '

81chlor.1de of Mercury · (See Mercuric -Chloride) ..............................-............

' ..
... . . .. ...
'

Black Liquor. · · {See Liquor. Pulp Mill) . . .. . . . . .. .. .... . . . .

; ' -~ ' • ~ • • ' ' "
...............................
. ,'
_
'
...H .' '

Bleach Solutions . (See type) . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. .

~ ~ • • • • ~ • ·. • .·:··· •' •••n•~•••u!~•••~•;.'..,••••-.-·....~~ ·:
Blood ...... ·... ....... "· ....... .
·

Boiled Feedwater (See Water, 801.fer Feed! ·•

'
................. •'•. '
~ ......... .
Bnne. Calc1u.m pH >8 Ca Cl~ .· C, 11, 13, 14
Chloride
Brme. Calcium pH<8 . . . .. . . . ... . . . .. .. .·. ..... .. · ;, . ·. A. 10.n; 13, 14
Chloride

Brrne. Calc:1um & . AqlJeous SoL ........... ·, A,'10.11.13; 14

' '

Magnesium
. Chlorides
Brine; Calcium & . Aqueous Sol. • • • • . • . • ....• . "!' • • • • • • • '. ' .. . '. . . .....
~ ·, ' A, 10, 11, 13114 '
· Sodium Chloride
Brine Sodium Under 3°ci Salt. Cold NaCl A,13.
Chloride
' '

Brine. Sodium .Over 3~. Salt. Cold .....,: ................ 1.. 02-1.20 .A,8,9, 10.11, 13 .·'
· · Chloride ,·.· 14~16 ·. '
·Brine. Sodium Over 3~. Salt; Hot 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16
· Chloride
Brrne: Sea Water . 1.03 ·.• A,B .
Butane C,HI(. 0.60 @32.F B, C, 3
Calcium B1sulfite Paper Mill Ca(HS0) 1 1.06 ' 9, 10, 11, 16
· Calc1u.m Chlorate Aqueous Sol.· Ca(Cl0 3 J,H 20 10, 11, 12
Calcium Hypochlorite .. •,•• .... ·......... . Ca(OCl) 2 .· 10.11, 12'
Calcium Magnesium (See Brines)
. Chloride
Cane Juice A, B, 8, 13, 16
Carbon B1sulfide ...•.......... ·..... ·.'·. 1.26 c
Carbonate of Soda (See Soda Ash)
Carbon Tetrachloride Anhydrous ·cc1, 1.50 B,C
Carbon Tetrachloride Plus Water A, 8, 16
Cats up A. 8, 9, 10, 11.16
Caustic Potash (See Potassium Hy- ...........
droxide)

Causllc Soda (See Sodium Hydroxide)

Cellulose Acetate .. ............... •,• ..
;_ •. 9, 10, 11, 16
Chlorate of Lime (See Calcium Chlorate)

1 Materialsindicate<:r.are most commonly used. and are meant as a GUIDE ONLY. Temperature,
abrasive qualities.of.the liquid, concentration, purity and structural design problems are factors that .·
must also be considered in the selection of materials for a pump. . ·
8-24
 Miscellaneous.

*Materials of Construction For Pu.;,ping Vrrious L.lquids (cont.)

Column 3
I Column 4 Column 5
Column 2 I
Column 1 !
Specific Material 1
Condition Chermcal i

Liquid of liquid symbol ii gravity selection

Chloride of Lime (See Calcium Hypo- ................ ·.· !r

chlonte)
9, 1 o. , 1, , 2, 16
(Depending on cone.)
Chlonne Water

ChlorobenzeM ......................
~~~~~; . . . . . . . . . . . · 1·
,.,
1.5
A,B,8,16
A,8,9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Chloroform ...................... 1
!
Chrome ·Alum Aqueous Sol.
CCHKC('s·'o
r • ): . 12H~ 0 10, 11, 12
i
Condensate (See Water. Distilled) ··················t
Copperas. Green (See Ferrous Sulfate) ................ ··!·
;

Aqueous Sol. .... •.•· ......... ··;·l c, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16

Copper Ammonium
Acetate ·
Aqueous Sol. CuCI~ 11.12
Copper Chloride
(Cupric) 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Copper Nitrate ...................... Cu(NO,.): ·
..· ....... . 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16.
Copper Sulfate. Blue Aqueous Sol. cuso.
i
Vitriol
Creosote (See Oil, Creosote) , ................ i~-
.......................
i
1.03 c. 5, 9, 16
-............................- ..-
'
~H.O i'
.
Cresci. Meta
Cyanide. (See Sodium Cyanide . ...............• . ~ .
arid Potassium I!
Cyanide)
Cyanogen In Water (CN)2Gas .. ! c
....................... C.H~·C 6 H~ , .99 . C,3
·Di phenyl c
Enamel ...................... . ................ /..
i
i
Ethanol (See Alcohols) ................ '!'.
Cold C:H,Cl 2 ! 1.28 A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Ethylene Chloride
(d1-chlofide) 11, 12
Ferric Chloride Aqueous Sol. FeCI,. i·
Fe2(SO,l:i i 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Ferric Sulphate Aqueous Sol:
Cold. Aqueous 11, 12
Ferrous Chloride FeCI:
9, 1o. 11, 12, 14, , 6
.ii

Ferrous Sulphate Aqueous Sol. FeSO,

(Green Copperas) A. 8, 9; 1o. 11, 16
Formaldehyde ········· ............. . CH20 •I 1.08
Fruit Juices ...... ········ ....... . .; .......... ~ ... f·· 1.16
A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
A. c. s; 9, 1o, 11, 16
Furfural . ····· ............... . C~H,02 :

Gasoline .. .. ··········· ...... . ................ r.. 0.68-0.75 B,C

Glaubers Salt (See Sodium Sulfate) ................ ·r .. A.B
Glucose ······ ............... . ............... ·1· ..
Hot . ... . .. . .. . .. .. . . . . B,C

,
Glue ~.

A
••••••••.••.••• ·1· •.
Glue Sizing
Glycerol (Glycerin) ......· ............... . ·c3H.Oa I 1.26 A,B,C
Green Liquor (See Liquor. Pulp Mill)
Heptane ~~:;·· ........ .. 0.69 B,C
Hydrogen Peroxide ·Aqueous Sol. o.
8, 9, 1 11, 16
8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Hydrogen Sulfide Aqueous Sol.

Hydrosulfite of Soda (See Sodium Hydro- . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .

~

sulhte)
Hyposulflte of Soda (See Sodium Th10· . . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .
~

sulfate)
Suspension m Water ••••••••••••••• j•••• C,3
Kaolin Sl:p 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Kaolin Siip Suspension m Acid ............... !....
>-
II) Kerosene (See Oil. Kerosene) '' ... '' ....... ·1·. '.
...
.!!!
:::> lard Hot ... ' ........... !. .. . B,C
u
0
Lead Acetate (Sugar Aqueous Sol. Pb(C~H.,0-:J~ · 3H:P 9, 10, 11, , 4, 16
of Lead) I
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .~ . . . . C,3
Lead Molten
lime Water (Milk of Ca(OH): i c
········ .... ··r ...
I
Lime) · ;
i C, 3, 9, 10, 11, 12,
L1quor---:Pulp Mill:
14, 16
Black
.I .
1 Materialsindicated are most commonly used and are meant as a GUIDE ONLY. Temperature,
abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity and structural design' problems are factors that
must also be considered in-the selection of materials for a pump. ·I .
8-25
 I ·~. lngersoll·Dress,er Pumps .Cameron Hydraulic Data
• Materi~ls ot~construction
. .
For ·:Pumping Various
'.· .
Liquids (cont.). . . ' ' .

. Column 2 Column 3 ·Column 4 Column 5 .

Column 1
Ccind1t1on · Chemical. · Spec;thi::: .· Materiaf1
L1qu1d of hqu1d symbol. • gravity selection .

Liquor-Pulp Mill: c;3,9, 10, 11, 12,

Green . 14, 16
Liquor-Pulp Mill: C,3, 9, 10, 11, 12•.
. White 14, 16
Liquor-Pulp Mill: C, 3.91 10, 11, 12,
·Pink 14, 16
Liquor-Pulp Mill: 9.• 10.11. 16
·Sulfite ·
Lithium Chloride . Aqueous SoL · LtCI c
Lye, Caustic (See Potassium & ........... ·.··. ·,···.
· Sodium Hydroxide) ·-----····
Magnesium Chloride Aqueous Sol. . MgCI~ . ....... : . ·.
~ 10, 1t12 .
Magnesium Sulfate · Aqu89US Sol.. · MgSO,
.
c, 8, 9, 10,.. 11, 16 . . .
(Epsom Salts) '

Manganese Chloride Aqueous SoL . MnCI~ · ,H.~O · . ·.... ·... .' . A. s. s. 1o. 11, 12, 1 s ·····
Manganous Sulfate
Mash . . . ..
Aqueous Sol.
... ·:' ...... ; ...... ·. ·....... ·.. .
Mriso;:4H~O '·. . . ' '
A. 8, 9, c,
11, 16 w.
, «· .. ~ . ~ .. ,. .. .. •. • •••• •. • J : . .. , A.8,8,16 . .
Mercuric Chloride. · Vei'y Dilute Aqueous Sol. · HgCI. ' .... ' .... ~ . ·9, 10,11, 12, 16'
Mercuric Chloride . · · · Coml. Cone. Aqueous · · i-lgCI; · j11,12 ...
, . ' ' ·sol.. : • ·. · .· · , · . .
Mercuric Sulfate In Sulfuric Actd . HgS01 :"' H~SO,· · 10, 11, 12
. . ..
Mercurous Sulfate In Sulfuric Acid . · Hg 1 SO,~ H,SO, · 10,11,12
. ·.. Methyl Chloride .......... ·' .... ...... • ; .
CH.1CI . .. 0.52 c .
Methylene Chloride ............. .. ..... •.• •.• CH;CI; 1.34. C,8,16
Milk .. . ..·...... ........ . ..
~ ; ~ . ..;., .... ,• : ~...... .. ~ 1.03,;.1.04 8, 16. ··. • '.
· Milk of Lime (See Lime Water) . . . . ·• . . .... . ...• . . ... .
'
~

.. . . .
Mine Water.· (See Acid. M1~e Wateri .... .. ·.... ·.. ·........ . · . "~~~-....~.~----·~~-·~~-~;....:.: ..... ',.

Miscella 120°0 Soyabean. 011 & •.••• •• ! •• ' • . , . '. '. ••• . 0.75 .· ··.·c
Solvent) . · ·
Molasses· .......... A. B . . ·. .
Mustard ~ ·.... ·... : .·.·.: ··A.a. 9, 10,11, 12, 1s ·
........... 4 • ••••• : ...... .

. .. . . . ..
··e.c ·
Naphtha . ................. .
; 0.78-0.88
·.· ..
Naphtha. Crude • ·e;C.
Nicotine Sullate ... . . . .. . ... . . . . ... . ' ...... . .
. 10;11,12, 14
Nitre (See· Potassium Nitrate!·. ...................... ·.·.
Nitre Cake (See Sodium 81-. ...........
.•
.
·.· ...... '; :.- ... ..... ' '.;
. ,
,;,,••••-n•*••••••-...,u•••-•~••u••""
, , I
. ,.
,.,

· •. sulphate ·
"

Nitre Ethane .. . .............. ·.. ... ~ ~ ' .. · C,H,,NO•.• 1:04 .. ·.e.c

: Nitro Methane CH.,NO~. 1.14. BC
· 011 Coal Tar . . . .. . . . .. ~
. . ..
..
·•. •' .. . . : . .
'
......... ,' e:c.a,9;10,11,1s .··.
.· 011. ·coconut ·. 0.91 ' A.B,C,8,9,'10, 11,·
. . . . . . . 14, 16
::i · · Oil. Creosote · ..................... .. ' • a : ' • • • • '.: .. - ' + •' ' •' • • • : 1.04-1.10 .·.B;C
~ Ori. Crude Cold B,C
g Oil. Crude Hot .... '
'
·.
...... 3
g 011; Essential . ... . . .... '.' .. :
•.• '"' ..... .
. ..... .; ' .........
. .
- .. .
'
......... . . A;B,C
:l 011. Fuel ........... " ...... ·.·· ... '. B,C
5 · 011.. Kerosene .
. . . .. . . ' .: . . . . . . ~ . ;
.•. '•.·
· e.c ...
~ 011. Linseed · Q.94 A. 8, C, 8. 9, 10, 11,
14, 16 .
~ Oil. Lubricating B,C
i!! Ori. Mineral ...... ' ..... ... B,C
g Oil, Olive·
.• ' '

0.90 ·B,C
) 011. Palm .. ............. .
· 0.90. . A. B. C, 8. 9, 10, 1 t
. 14, 16
011. Quenching . 0.91. B,C
Ori. Rapeseed .. ·.· ............. ' 0.92 A.8. 9, 10, 11, 14, 16 ..
011. Soya Bean A. e. c. s. s. 1o, 11.
14, 16 ..
Otl. Turpentine . .. ·........... : .. .. .
· ·, 0.87 B,C

1
Materials 'Indicated. most commonlyare and are a GUIDE ONLY. used m~ant as Tem~iature, •
abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity and structural design problems are. factors that
--- must also be considered in the selection of materials for a pump. · · · ·
8-26
,
~
.r:
.·
I 1\'1iscellaneous

•.
.........
I
= '
-.
,· *Materials
..
of Construction
.
For
..
Pumping
. . I
~arious Liquids (cont.).
. . .. . .
~~· Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5

-~~
Column 1
Cond1t1on Chemical .I
i Spec1hc · Matetial 1
Liquid of hqu1d symbol ' gravity selection

~' Paraffin
Perhydrol
Hot
(See Hydrogen
Perox1deJ
................. :i'...
... ~ .
B,C

~: I
..) Peroxide of
Hydrogen
(See Hydrogen
Peroxide
::::::::::::::::1i
I

e.c
,•;~.:· Petroleum Ether

...·;·
Phenol C,H,,o· 1.07 c.8. s, 10.11, 1s
W'- Pink Liquor
Photographic
(See Liquor. Pulp Mill)
.::: :::::: :: :: :: ::I:: 8,9, 10, 11, 16
. Developers

................ J.
,

Plating Solutions (Varied and compli-

:
•··( cated. consult pump i

mtg rs.)
.'1' Potasn Plant Liquor ................. 'ii .• A. 8, 9, 1o. 11, 13,
.,.:' 14, 16
Potash Alum Aqueous Sol. A1 .... (so,1,1K~so, .· 24ko
' ! .. A. 9. 1o. 11, 12, 13,
' 14, 16
Potassium Bi- Aqueous Sol. i c
chromate i
Potassium Carbonate Aqueous Sol.· I
r,
t c
.Potassium Chlorate Aqueous Sol. KCIO,. 8. 9. 10. 11, 12, 16
Potassium Chloride Aqueous Sol. KCI A.8. 9, 10, 11, 14, 16
Potassium Cyanide Aqueous Sol. KCN c
Potassium Hydroxide Aqueous Sol. KOH C,5;8,9, 10, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16
Potassn)m Nitrate Aqueous Sol. KN0,1 C, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Potassium Sulfate Aqueous Sol. K1SO, A.8,9, 10, 11, 16
i
Propane C:iH. 0.59@48F B,C,3
Pyridine C:.H~N
l 0.98 c
Pyridine Sulphate i'
............. ,. .... •i•·• 10, 12
· Rh1dolene .................. ·..... .. ••••••••••••• «+i••. i
B,C
;.
Rosin (Colophony) Paper Mill· •• ·,,•••• • •• ••••••I•••
f c
... .......... )•' ..
. I
Sal Ammoniac (See Ammonium . •; ,;; ~

Chloride)
Salt Lake Aqueous Sol. Na1 SO , - impurtt1~s A. 8, 9. 1o. 11, 12, 16
·salt Water (See BnnesJ ... ,. ...... ·.
Sea Water {See Brines) :::::: :::::::::I::
Sewage ............... J.. . · A.B,C.8.16
Shellac " ..................... . ............... ! .. . A
Silver Nitrate
Slop. Brewery
Slop: .Distillers

Soap Liquor
Soda Ash
AQueous Sol.

Cold
AgNO"
................ i.·.'.,
................. !' ....

............... i ...•
·Na:!C0:1
I
''

J
~
8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16
A.B,C .
A,8,9, 10, 11, 16
C,8,16
C,8,16
II
Soda Ash Hot ................. 'f ••• 8,9, 10.11, 13, 14, 16,
Sodium Bicarbonate Aqueous Sol. NaHCO:i ! C,8,9, 10,11, 13, Hi
Sodium B1sulfate Aqueous Sol. NaHSO, i 10, 11. 12
Sodium Carbonate (See Soda Ash) ............ , , , .Ii.....
Sodium Chlorate Aqueous Sot. NaCIOa I 8,9, 10, 11, 12, 16
Sodium
Sodium
Chloride
Cyanide
(See Brines)·
Aqueous Sol. N~cN····, ···· l ··· c
Sodium Hydroxide Aqueous Sol. NaOH , c. 5. 8. 9.10, 11,
13, 14, 15, 16
I
r
Sodium Hydrosulhte Aqueous Sol. Na~s~o, · 2HiO 8, 9, 10, 11 r 16
Sodium Hypochlonte NaOCI 11,12
Sodium Hyposulflte (See Sodium Th10- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .! . . . . .
sullate) t
Sodium Meta Silicate ... ••.•• ...... ·i····
' c
Sodium Nitrate Aqueous Sol. NaNO~ c. s. 8, 9, 1o, 11, 16
Sodium Phosphate: Aqueous Sol: NaH:P0 1H,O A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 16
Monobas1c

. . . i .
1
···--: Materials.. indicatedare .most commonly usedand are meant as a GUIDE ONLY. Temperature,
abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity and structural desigri problems are factors that ·S-27
must also be con~it11mui in thA AAIP.t:tinn nf m..t<>ri,.lc fnr <1 numn . . .
 I ) ·lngel'soH·Dresser Pumps . Cameron Hydraulic Data<
.. ' ~ ~. . ' . . . ' .. . . '

*Materials of .Construction For

.
Pumping
.. . .
Various
.· .
Liquids
. .·
(cont.).·
. . " ·. ' . '

Column 2 Column 3. Column 4 Columns

Column 1
Condition ·chem1ca1 Specific. Matei"ial 1
L1qu1d · of hqu1d symbol gravity selection.·

Sodium Phosphate: Aqueous Sol. Na,HPO ,· 7Hp A, c. 8, 9, 1o. 11, 16

01basrc
Sodium Phosphate: Aqueous Sol. c
Trrbasic
· . Sodium Phosphate: Aqu~ous Sol. . Na,P,O,~ A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 .
Meta
. Sodium Phosphate:· · Aqueous Sol. .. (NaPO,.) ..
.. ·
.·
....... '

....
..
•,• ; 8,9, 10, 11, 16
Hexameta ·

Sodium Plumb1te · Aqueous Sol. N~~so; ···········. · ·. c

Sodium Sullate · Aqueous Sol. . A, 8, 9, 10, 11 i 16
Sodium Sulfide · · Aqueous Sol. Na.. S C,8,9, 10, 11, 16
· .. Sodium Sulfite Aqueous Sol. N~SO:o ··. A,8,9, 10, 11 •. 16
Sodium Th1osulfate ·Aqueous Sol. ·Na1s~o, · 5H~O 8,9, 10, 11, 16 ·.
Stannic Chloride. · Aqueous Sol. SnCI~ .. 11, 12 .
Stannous Chloride· · Aqueous Sol. SnCI .. ..
. '. .11;12 .
.Starch .. ... .· .... . ·..... '· .....•
~ ~ " cc.H1~.o~.1x .· · .... ..........
. . ,.
A,B .
Strontium. Nitrate Aqueous Sol. . Sr(NO:ib . .......... c,s; 1s.
Sugar . Aqueous Sol. ·, .. ·..... . ..... :..· ': ·~ ~ . •.•.. · ....... •.• .. A,8,9.10, 11;13,16'
Sulfite Liquor ·
Sulfur
•. (See Liquor. Pulp Mill)
· In. Water .. . . . . . ... ...•··•
. ,_·
.. ,
. A,
-.. . :.
........... ... ---····--··~- ..
c.8, 9, 1o. 11, 16 . . .
.· "-·< ·.-: .

Sultur . Molten c . ··
c
Sulfur Chloride
Syruf:) ·
Cold ... ·
· (See Sugar) .
•
. . . .. .,, . . . . . . . . . .
. ~ ....~-~.......~.~_. . ·-·: .~.~. __
Tallow Hot ............. ..... . • 0.90 . c
.. . . . . ..... . . . . . . . . . . .. .
~

.
Tanning Liquors . ~
'
A. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
. 14, 16
Tar Hot.·.. ~ ... ............ . ·. ·.
~ ; ' · c..3 ·
Tar & Ammonia In Water. . . '• .................... · c
Tetrachloride of Tin (See Stannic Chloride) • • • • • • • •.• •• "; •.• •• !.'·.'. ............-······--·--·-·· ·,

Tetraethyl Lead . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .
... . . . .. . ; . · Pb(C~H:,J •. 1.66 .. ·. B,C
Toluene (Toluol) ... ...... .............
· ~ ·~." C:H •. 0.87· · e.c
TnchlQroet hylene .... ....... ..... •. . . .
·: ,• ,•' ; ; .. C2HC1:1 .. 1.47 : . A. a. c. s. 1s'
Urine ...................... . ....· . . . . . . . . . . . •· . .
~ . .. ......
; ',' A,8,9, 10. 11, 16
Varnish . ." . ............... •' .
"
.. ' .
. 'A. 8, c. 8, 14, 16
Vegetable Juices .
. . . . . . .. ... . . .. . . .... .
~ A.8,9.10.11, 14;16
Vinegar · .. .. ................ ... ,·
...
.• " ... ·.· .. A. 8, 9; 10.11.12. 16.
..... : ....... ·.... .....
•.
. . Vitriol. Blue · (See Copper Sulfate) · · ~
V1tr1ol. Green · (See Ferrous Sulfate) .. ....... ·.• ·.. :· ... ·......·i. ........... ·-··-·-··-·-·•:·-···--··-·
Vitriol. Oil of. (See AcicL Sullui'ic) · .,,..............................
' . I
. _..-_
• •
,.
. ·. ... '

- . ..
Vitriol. White (See Zinc Sulfate)·· ... ·....... ..... ·..... ·'
·

Water. Boiler Feed Not evaporated pH _.,. 8.5 . ..................... . 1.00 C,5
High Makeup . . . . . -pH<8.5 .. ..... ..
; ; · B,C,5
Low Makeup Evaporated. any PH. 1.66 4, 5, 8, 14, 16 .
Water, Distilled . High Purity ·. ·. 0.87 A. 8, 16
Water. Distilled Condensate. . . ... . . . . .. .. ... . .. •". ... .
. " ........ . .A.B,5
Water. Fresh · 1.00. · e;c,s ·
· Water. Mine
· Water. Salt & Sea
Whiskey
(See Acid. Mine Water)
. (See Brines)
. •............. " ....... .
............. .....
....·......... ·.·. •'• .. .
.. · ·,
_;

. :
•.•.•. ·.·· .. •.
. .................................
'

A,8, 16
. _.., ___ ···
. '

..,-.
.f'·
. .

••· 1
'
... .. ·......
.'

White Liquor (See Liquor. Pulp Mill) • • . • • • . . . • . . «.·. ·.·,•. ·

White Water Paper Mill · A,B,C

Wine ............. ,,. ···.·:. A,8, 16
Wood
Wood
Pulp (Stock)
Vinegar (See Acid Pyrollgneous)
A.B,C
............, __.......... ___...
.
,,

Wort
Xylol (Xylene)
Yeast
Zinc Chloride
Zinc Sulfate
(See Beer Wort)
.
••••••
Aqueous Sol.
Aqueous Sol. ·
.
* ••••••••••••.•••
ZnCJ~
.znso. ·
0.87 B,C,8,9,10,11,16
A. B,8, 16
9, 10, 11, 12,16 ..
A. 9, 10.11, 16
,
•:
8-28
1 Material~ indicated are most commonly used and are meant. as a GUIDE ONLY. Temperature,.
abrasive qualities of the liquid, concentration, purity and structural design problems are factors that
must also be considered in the selection of materials for apump. . · ••
 E\/
..
.·
., I
.... .. l
'

I
!· ..
,...-~.

:- ti ,. ' I

..
< .. ... - ·~· -. ..
i...
"'!

·-~·· f
'

:
-:)
,··

'
I

SECTION 9 I
l'
!
i
i
;
\

-
.:<
•..;l
I'

.·:
,~ ..
-· - CONVERSION bATA:
...
~·· r
.-:i.'
1
'

·:·~.
·;···?
~.·
l
ll.
I
~.
•
j - I
!
~·

7
'
.,. . '

...··~ ;. "··.
:.
. ·.
:

••••• ,)
~ .

j
.,,··i )

·'

~·')

•'·~··· ·;y
·.

~
I
~'
~.·
••.\
'·
) ..·.
>
••

•.·i·i,··i·
·'
•') I

"
.
,.
'i'
'
,:
.r~
. ):

.)
~
Iii
.
.I

••·-:
. ,
l• Ii
I.
I
I
i
I~
lngers°'ll·Dresser Pumps I

•r
e;.
i
~ -
41! I
-
~·
' i
.
'
I

...
ei
.. '
~· i!
9-1
I

~·
•
l~ lnge~oll·Dress&I' Pulllps · Came~on Hydraulic Data ..

. CONTENTS OF SECTION 9 ·

Conversion ·Factors
. . . . Page.
General.Notes .' ......... : ... ' ..... ; ; .. : , ; .. ·... : .... , '. 9~3·
Common Engli~h Equivalentsand Formulas ~ 9~4 <
>.,. .. ; .. •..... . .
Notes on. International System (SI) of Units ....... , .... ~ . : 9~5 · ·
. Metric (SI) Conversion Data .. ; . .: .. ~ . . . . . ... ·. . . . . . . . ~ . . 9-8
. Fahrenheit
.
~rid.
Celsius Equivalents. (fjotivefsionTable)
·. .. . ~ . '
·... : .·9~1i
-
... .

·.·Metric (SI)-·. Conversion

. Factors
.
. ~ :' . . . . . .. : '. ·- '. . . . . . 9-14 thru
. . .:.9-27 . .

.· Metric Flow Form~l~s· ......: . : : ....•.•.. >: .: .. : .....•~··~ .. 9~28 .

~·
. c-~...
...
j

. . . .·. ·I
II . .•ft
.
. ..
, ·-~ t •

·.··.·1'··,
.· . <·
.. .. .

~·
~ ... .. .
·.·· ... :.:_: .. ·.

'
. .' ,"

. ·. r •
.·.1·.·.· : .
. .
1:·..
.

j. . 6-

l
·~

i
••••
9-2
.·
----···
·t ..
~
 a. ~------------"'
w.,"
,_c_o_n_v_e.Jrs_i_o_n
..
' ' I N.ot'es , II. ,
'G enera
.....F_a_c_to_,r_"_D_a_ta_, ' '"
'
l

~f;, ·4
•-,
·~.
,·
'

'

Jllf. . , .
~-.-.· I
~·' . Since the British' Gravitational System (E~glish System) 'Of units
~ is still the system in practical use in the Urtited States today· and
~-)· will continue to be soh~orbsomk etime in dthe fpture and is the basis ,
· ,·,· ·' on which the data in t is' oo is printe , th~ proper understanding
of certain fundamental terms in this system is !essential
I
and therefore
.

9i the Jollov.i.ng review is offered: , I

~~; , The pound (lb) is the unit applying to fotce or weight and also
~ to mass, but with a. different meaning. It i~ therefore ambiguous, ·
9-;. and confusion in its use may result. Force:is a "huantity" (of something
--:~; rather undefinable, a primary cause known ot{ly by its effects) which· I

•
~.)
.1
, will change the velocity of-. accelerate, or d~celerate;..._a particle of, ,
matter. Weight of a body means the force !required to support it
/·,
'

~J , . against the action of gravity (in thatlocality).f Mass is defined by the I"
I
9) ,relation; Force = mass x acceleration weight x acceleration of grav- .
• ity. To avoid confusion we shouldreally, spe~k of "lb force" and "lb'
9) mass". · ' , , ! '
I .

!)
•
·,The foot (ft) is the "arbitrarily selected'' u~it of length.
, ,. I .

• .l, .' The foot~pound

, . ,
(ft-ib)
. , .,
is the
, ,
unitofwork,
,' ,,
br of mechanical
I , , .
energy ,
e1 which is the capacity 'to do work. l ft"'.'lb is ~he .work performed by
"'5 a force ·or 1 lh acting through a distance of 1 ft; ·or the work required
ti) to lift a weight ofl lb vertically by l ft; or Ithe potential energy of
I •• ·the weight after being raised, in reference tol its former level. Stand-
fi ' ard conversions of ft;. lb to other .urtits are
bas~d on the acceleration of
ti. gravity at sea level, 45° latitude.,, J

-· , · , The horsepower (hp)is a unit f~r meJsuring power, .or work ' ,
: performed in unit time. Itisa rate ofdoinglwork or expe~ding me-'
• chanicalenergy ',, , .' .. , , . ,' · . • , / ·. , , . . .• •, .,''. ·,, ,,',
e, 1 hp · . 550 ft-lb per sec = 33,000 ft-lb per min = 0.7067 Btu per
: · sec.· · •·· . · .· . · .· ·I . . ..