The completion of the

'Lingua Ignota'
Joannes Richter

Abstract
There is some evidence that selected vocabularies in a number of PIE-languages are based on 5-
gram words (pentagrams), which represent the 5 categories of the phonetic sources (lingual, palatal,
guttural, labial, dental). A great number of these pentagrams are identified as central keywords, such
as the sky-god, the ancestors and parents. The 5 categories have been described in the Sefer
Yetzirah and in Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods” .
In a previous study I selected the identified the 5-grams in an essay titled Notes to Hildegard von
Bingen's 'Lingua Ignota'.
The dictionary in Hildegard von Bingen's Lingua Ignota (Latin for "unknown language") is ordered
according to the importance of the words and contains circa 1010 words and 8 subsections, in which
the first two sections contain at least 21, respectively 15 pentagrams.
Hildegard von Bingen did not complete her dictionary and concentrated her selective topics to the
the Creation, the Church, the parts of the body, medical terms and diagnosis, the animals, plants and
herbs.
In order to complete the dictionary of pentagrams I decided to include the 4 rivers of the Paradise
and the 4 cardinal virtues. This composition allows us to reconstruct some rules for the
compositions of the pentagrams, for example: The most relevant human beings Man (MANYS) and
Woman (VANIX), the patriarch (PATYR) and seer (WATIS) and the penitent (PANgIZ), fore- and
grandfather (PhAZYR) , father (PATIR or PATIZ) and mother (MATIR or MATIZ) share the pattern
*****.
Normally the ancient supreme word compositions were composed as pentagrams. Originally the
compositions may have been standardized. A reconstructed set of rules may be composed from the
analysis of the pentagrams.
The Strategy of Hildegard von Bingen's 'Lingua Ignota'
In the 'Lingua Ignota' the authoress Hildegard von Bingen concentrated the most important elements
at the beginning of the list, which starts with the Creator and the Creation Adam, who represented
the first couple. Therefore the first section contains a concentrated header, in which the elements are
sorted according to their priority: first the Creator, followed by elements in an order according to
their relevance:
1. An overview of the Creation, the Creator, the saints, the angels and the devil, man and
woman and their family.
2. The body parts
3. The Church's structure
4. The structure of timing, days and months
5. Clothing and furniture
6. Furniture, fruits and weapons
7. Trees, flowers and plants
8. Birds and insects
Therefore I listed all discovered pentagrams in their ordered sequence as follows. The first section
contains a header with a highest priority, AIGONZ (probably in DEUS also symbolizing the sky-god
DYEUS-PATYR), followed by the spirit (ISPARIZ).
The human being (INIMOIS) and the couple ( MANYS & VANIX ) is an image of the Creator.
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
1 AIGONZ DEUS DYEUS DYEUS- GOD +
(PATYR)
6 ISPARIZ SPIRITUS IS-PARIZ INS-PIRAT SPIRIT, INSPIRATION +
7 INIMOIS HOMO INI-MANNUS MANYS HU-MAN +
8 IUR VIR MANYS MAN +
9 VANIX FEMME FEMME VANIX WO-MAN +
FEMINA FE-MINA FE-MINAS
10 PEUEARREZ PATRIARCHA PATRI-ARCHA PATYR PATRIARCH +
12 FALSCHIN VATES (VĀTĒS) *wātis (“seer”) WATIS SEER (→ *wōdaz) +
18 PANgIZO PENITENS PANgIZ PENITENT +

Table 1 overview of the Creation, the Creator, man and woman

The second list of pentagrams illustrates the hierarchy and priority of the family's structure, in
which the forefather (KULZPHAZUR) and grandfather (PhAZUR) are leading the parents (PEUERIZ
and MAIZ).
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
19 KULZPHAZUR ATTAVUS AB-AVYS, KULZPHAZYR FOREFAThER +
PhAZYR
20 PhAZUR AVUS AVYS, PhAZYR PhAZYR GRANDFAThER +
21 PEUERIZ PATER PEu(T)IRIZ PETIR FAThER +
PATIR or PATIZ PATIR
22 MAIZ MATER (?) MATIR or MATIZ MATIZ MOThER +

Table 2 The hierarchy of the ancestors, grandfather and parents (father & mother)
The words for the human beings Man ( MANYS) and Woman (VANIX), the patriarch (PATYR) and
seer (WATIS) and the penitent (PANgIZ), fore- and grandfather (PhAZYR) , father (PATIR or PATIZ)
and mother (MATIR or MATIZ) share the pattern *****.
The hierarchy is completed by listing the stepfathers and stepmothers, to be followed by the son, the
stepson:
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
23 NILZPEUERIZ NUTRICUS NILZ-PEUERIZ FYTtER- ST(I)EP-FAThER +
HILZPEUERIZ (FOSTER-FATHER) PATYR TEACHER
24 NILZMAIZ NOVERCA NILZ-MAIZ FYTtER- ST(I)EP-MOThER +
HILZMAIZ NILZ-MA(T)IZ MA(T)IZ (STEPMOTHER)
25 SCIRIZIN FILIUS SCI(F)RI-ZIN GENUS SON (genus) +
SCIRIZIchN (origin) (origin, genus)
26 NILZSCIFRIZ PRIVIGNUS NILZ-SCIFRIZ FYTtER- ST(I)EPSON +
HILZSCIFRIZ (prīvus, genus) PRĪOR, GENUS GENUS (STEPSON)

Table 3 The hierarchy of the family structure as the next of kin

The divine Name (AIGONZ) may be correlating the word ( GENUS) for the Son. The Name may also
be derived from AI-GONUZ.

In this section the hierarchy of the family may list a few words with irregular pentagrams:
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
27 LIMZKIL INFANS IN-FANS (BAIRN) INFANT (aged: 0-7) +
NEW-BORN BAIRN (BAIRN)
32 FRONIX FRATER F(R)ONYS FRONYR B(R)OThYR +
34 PEUORS PATRUUS PATYRUS PATYR(US) PATERNAL (UNCLE) +
37 MAIZFIA MATERTERA MA(T)IZFIA MATYRTERA maternal aunt +
43 FORINZ MARITUS MARITUS husband +

Table 4 The hierarchy of the family structure as the next of kin

The words for brother (FRONIX and B[R]OThYR) are both composed according to the standard
pattern for normal persons: *****.
The words BAIRN (infant), the son (AIGONZ or GENUS) and MARITUS (husband) deviate from the
standard pattern for normal persons: *****.
Additionally in the second section concentrates the priority of the parts of the human's body, in
which the first entry represents an illness (person with edema / dropsy). Obviously the skull (FASINZ)
with the BRAIN (CERIL) seemed to be honored by the highest priority:
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
54 PhANIZCHIN IDROPICUS PhANIZCHIN person with edema +
IDROPICUS (dropsy) +

64 FASINZ CALUARIA FASINZ SKULL, CRANIUM +

66 CERIL CEREBRUM CERIL & BRAIN BRAIN +
70 AMZIL EXTREX AMZIL NECK +
103 FRANIX HVUBO FRANIX UVULA (?) +
107 FIRANZ SALINA (?) FIRANZ SALIVA +
124 PIXEL POLLEX PIXEL ThUMB +
129 BENIZSCIA DEXTRA BENIZ RIGHT-SIDE +
129 WARINZ INPETIGO WARINZ INFECT +
144 IEURIZ IECUR LIVER LIVER +
150 VUGUIZOL ARUINA ARUINA FAT +
154 FLUANZ LOCIUM URINE URINE (incl. sperm) +
161 CREUENIZ PĒNIS PĒNIS PĒNIS +
CREUENIZ

Table 5 Hierarchy of the body parts (skull,brain, ... penis)

At last two months (IANUARIUS and APRILIS) are honored with pentagrams (ZIUAR &
AMNIZ), both in Lingua Ignota and Latin. The word APRIL and AMNIZ are sharing a similar
pattern ***** for their pentagrams.
## Lingua Ignota Latin Modification Pentagram English
466 ZIUARIZ IANUARIUS ZIUAR JANUARY +
IANUAR
469 AMNIZO APRILIS AMNIZ APRIL +
APRIL

Table 6: Hierarchy of the months

According to Wilhelm Grimm in Wiesbader Glossen1 the words do not seem to belong to
dictionaries of the 12th century AD. The Lingua Ignota seems to be at least 100 years older. Grimm
claims that Hildegard must have copied the words from an existing document.
However I think Hildegard may have reordered the sequence and may also have added or modified
the religious themes.
Grimm also investigated the alphabet, which had not been applied in the document. According to
Grimm the alphabet has been composed from existing signaries, in which the letters had been
shifted. Additionally the composer may have added a few strokes and angles... In fact the alphabet
merely defined the sequence and definitions of the signary, which allows us to compose the 2-
dimensional array of the alphabet with the theonym Þ-I-Ε-V–S (respectively Þ-I-Ε-U–S) at the 2nd
row.

1 W. Grimm, Wiesbader Glossen, Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 6 (1848) 321-340 (ZDB – ZDBdigital) nur die
deutschen Glossen
Several Extensions for the Lingua Ignota
An overview of a structure for the 'Lingua Ignota' has been found in Grimm's Wiesbader Glossen2:
1. An overview of the Creation, the Creator, the saints, the angels and the devil, man and
woman and their family.
2. The body parts
3. The Church's structure
4. The structure of timing, days and months
5. Clothing and furniture
6. Furniture, fruits and weapons
7. Trees, flowers and plants
8. Birds and insects
In my studies an earlier overview of the pentagrams may be found in the essay Categorized
Overview of the Pentagrams which is incomplete and will still have to be completed:
The overview lists the following pentagrams:
1. A number of Divine names are identified as pentagrams such as TEIWS, TIWAS, TIWAZ.
2. The new etymology for the parental couple as pentagrams is PITAR & MATIR.
3. Parental sky-gods and chthonic deities may be named as father and/or mother: DYḖUS
PH₂TḖR, respectively DÆ...-MATIR.
4. Theonyms may be identified in the 2-dimensional alphabets, runic and ogham signaries.
5. In some samples for the theonyms DIÉU, DIÒU, DIEU, DÏOU, DIU, we may identify the
Personal Pronouns (IÉU, IÒU, JE, YIOU, ÉIU, ...) of the 1st Person Singular 3.
6. The 4 cardinal virtues ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) respectively Metis, Themis,
Thymos, Mythos are found in the „Seven against Thebes“ of Aeschylus, which represent the
first specification of the cardinal virtues.
7. The following 4 Rivers of Paradise are: the FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris).
PISON (Pishon) and the KARUN (Gihon)
8. Pentagrams are found in the following overviews:
• Overview of the (19) European waterways
• Overview of the (16) pentagram names for cities
• Overview of the (7) pentagram names for states and peoples
• Overview of the (15) pentagram names without etymologies
These patterns may be combined to new sections in the earlier 'Lingua Ignota'.

2 W. Grimm, Wiesbader Glossen, Zeitschrift für deutsches Altertum 6 (1848) 321-340 (ZDB – ZDBdigital) nur die
deutschen Glossen
3 The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
The four cardinal virtues
The 4 cardinal virtues were listed in the „Seven against Thebes“ of Aeschylus. These definitions
represent the first specification of the cardinal virtues. Their names are two pairs of mirrored
pentagrams.
1. The first pair were named ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) and ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), respectively Metis and Themis, the 1st
respectively the 2nd consort (or wife) of the sky-god Zeus. Originally both Metis and Themis
may have been goddesses for Wisdom respectively Justice, but their rank was lost as their
virtues had been integrated in Zeus himself (by swallowing Metis), respectively Pallas
Athena (who had been promoted to a superior deity). The corresponding Germanic deities
are WIT(ES) (Wotan as the god for the Wisdom) and TIW(AS) (Tiw as the god for Justice). This
couple are honored by their days of the week: Wednesday for WIT(ES) and Tuesday for TIW(AS).
MEN(i)RVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman names for Metis (ΜΗΗΤΙΣ), the deity of wisdom.
These names represent the same 5-gram pattern (for the Etruscan MEN(i)RVA and the Greek ΜΗΗΤΙΣ
*****, respectively for Roman MINERVA *****). Therefore the main religious European
triads in the pantheons were based on the same (or similar) pentagrams.
2. The second couple ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) and ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), respectively Mythos and Thymos is a
reconstructed couple of pentagrams, whose names are correlating to ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) and ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ).
Only the vowels Y had to be replaced by H resp. E, and the O by I. This switching of the
vowels may also be discovered in the names of the corresponding Germanic deities. The
Thymos is the Ancient Greek concept of "spiritedness" and may be related to Wotan's WUT
in the sense of “passion”. The word myth comes from Ancient Greek μῦθος (mȳthos),[50] meaning
'speech, narrative, fiction, myth, plot'. In ancient cultures the mythos may also be understood as the
true historical narrative, comparable to the Book Genesis. The god WUTAN referred to the virtues
wisdom and passion, whereas probably TIW (resp. TIVAR or TIWAS) was responsible for justice
and piety.
The following overview lists the 4 virtues in the Aeschylus' order, which corresponds to the line:
σώφρων δίκαιος ἀγαθὸς εὐσεβὴς ἀνήρ:4 ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ):5

# „Seven against translation of Deity / Virtue Pentagram Pentagram Virtue

Thebes“ Herbert Weir (Greek) (Germanic)
of Aeschylus Smyth
1 σώφρων moderate Metis ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) WIT(ES) (Wotan) wisdom
2 δίκαιος just Themis ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ) TIW(AS) (Tiw) justice

3 ἀγαθὸς noble Thymos ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ) WYT(an) passion

WUT (Wotan)
4 εὐσεβὴς reverent Mythos ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) MYTh(OS) piety
(TYW or Tiw)

Table 7 The cardinal virtues Metis, Themis, Thymos, Mythos

resp. ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ)
in the „Seven against Thebes“ of Aeschylus
At least the first Greek couple of the virtues Metis and Themis and also the corresponding
Germanic couple Wotan and Tiwar were respected as deities, whose original reputation may have
been comparable to the respect of the supreme sky-god.

4 How four Virtues anchored our Languages

5 Source: Categorized Overview of the Pentagrams
The four rivers of the Paradise
The 4 Rivers of Paradise are listed in the Book Genesis. In this investigation I searched for similar
pentagrams, mirrored names and couples of mirrored pentagrams. These pentagrams seemed to be
identified in the rivers of the Paradise. Details for these rivers are found in the Book Genesis. Some
of the names have been deteriorated, but also some names have been conserved in remote regions
such as the Kurdish highlands.
In analogy to the two couples of cardinal virtues the names for the rivers are reconstructed as
follows:
1. the east-side pair of rivers are the FIRAT (Euphrates) and the PISON (Pishon)
2. the west-side couple of rivers is the Ava MEZIN (Tigris) and the PASIN or KARUN
(Gihon). MEZIN and PASIN share the pattern ***** whereas FIRAT and PISON share the
pattern *****.
3. All four rivers share the pattern *****.
To be more precise we may list the two couples as follows:
Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5
northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon P ASIN P A S I N
Table 8 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams
The Rivers of Paradise FIRAT, Ava MEZIN, PISON, KARUN
The Rivers of Paradise are: FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris). PISON (Pishon) & KARUN
(Gihon)6.

#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1. P
PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with [Pis(h)on] English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Fyson Midl-English
Gihon)
2. K
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun river English
river. In the Bible: Gihon River, at the Garden of [Gihon River]
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
3. M
Ava MEZIN In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
"the Great Water". [Tigris]
4. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Euphrates] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
Table 9 The Rivers of Paradise: FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris). PISON (Pishon) &
KARUN (Gihon) (details: A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise, 2.2.2022)

The symmetry of the pentagrams

At the west-side the symmetry in the categorization of the names FIRAT and PISON of the Rivers
of Paradise is perfect.
At the north-side the categorization requires a switch between the vowels in the names MEZIN and
FIRAT, whereas the categorization's pattern of the consonants remains identical.
In these patterns the name of the river KARUN disturbs the symmetry of the 1 st letter K and the 4th
letter U7.
Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5
northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon KARUN K A R U N
Table 10 The symmetry of the pentagrams

6 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

7 Categorized Overview of the Pentagrams
The name of the river Karun (KARUN) may have changed its name. In early classical times the
name was Pasitigris or Dujail ("Little Tigris").
In early classical times, the Karun was known as the Pasitigris. The modern medieval
and modern name, Karun, is a corruption of the name Kuhrang, which is still
maintained by one of the two primary tributaries of the Karun. J. G. Lorimer also
records in his Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia that it was known
by the name "Dujail," which could be translated "Little Tigris" to medieval Arab and
Persian geographers. 8

The advantage of pentagrams allows us to repair deteriorated and lost names. This possibility may
be illustrated by the suggested restoration of the symmetry in the names' architecture.
One of the best-fit names (instead of KARUN) would be P ASIN as an mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of
the name Pasitigris (or Pasin-Tigris), which would result in a name-giving as follows:

Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon P ASIN P A S I N
Table 11 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams

8 Karun
Comparison of the pentagram patterns

Common rules
Normally the ancient supreme word compositions were composed as pentagrams. Originally the
compositions may have been standardized. A reconstructed set of rules may be as follows:
1. Usually the words for the supreme gods (Zeus, Thor, Tiw, Tivar) start the pentagrams with a
symbol D , T, or Θ. A secondary level of deities (Metis, Themis, Minerva, Wotan) may start
the pentagrams with a letter Μ or W.
2. The most relevant human beings Man (MANYS) and Woman (VANIX), the patriarch (PATYR)
and seer (WATIS) and the penitent (PANgIZ), fore- and grandfather (PhAZYR) , father (PATIR
or PATIZ) and mother (MATIR or MATIZ) share the pattern *****.

• The words for brother (FRONIX and B[R]OThYR) are both composed according to the
standard pattern for normal persons: *****.
• The words BAIRN (infant), the son (AIGONZ or GENUS) and MARITUS (husband) deviate
from the standard pattern for normal persons: *****.
• The rivers MEZIN (Tigris) and PASIN (Gihon) share the pattern with the word MARITUS
(husband).
3. In contrast the four river of the Paradise may form triads, which were composed as
pentagrams by concatenating the 3 consonants *** and insert 2 vowels I, resp A, E.

The names of the deities

The supreme sky-god may be pentagrams such as DYḖUS PH₂TḖR ,…. DÆ...-MATIR and TEIWS,
TIWAS, TIWAZ. Usually a common pattern may be identified with an initial symbol D , T, or Θ.
The cores of the deities may be shortened to triads, which allowed to consider the first 3 symbols as
mirrored to each other, for example: ΜΗΗΤ ↔ ΘΈΜ and ΘΥΜ ↔ ΜΥΗΘ.
Deity / Virtue Pentagram Pentagram Virtue
(Greek) (Germanic)
Metis ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) M H T I S WIT(ES) WI T E N wisdom
(Wotan)
Themis ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ) Θ E M I S TIW(AS) TIW A S justice
(Tiw)

Thymos ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ) Θ Y M O S WYT(an) WY T A N passion

WUT (Wotan)
Mythos ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) M Y Θ O S MYTh(OS) MY Θ O S piety
(TYW or Tiw)

Table 12 Comparison of the pentagram patterns for the divine names

The four river of the Paradise
In contrast the four river of the Paradise may form triads, which were composed as pentagrams by
concatenating the 3 consonants *** and insert 2 vowels I, resp A, E:

Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T F R T FRT

southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N P S N PSN
northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N M Z N MZN
southeast Gihon P ASIN P A S I N P S N PSN
Table 13: Comparison of the pentagram patterns for rivers of the Paradise
The rivers MEZIN (Tigris) and PASIN (Gihon) share the pattern with the word MARITUS
(husband).

The words for the human beings

The words for the human beings Man ( MANYS) and Woman (VANIX), the patriarch (PATYR) and
seer (WATIS) and the penitent (PANgIZ), fore- and grandfather (PhAZYR) , father (PATIR or PATIZ)
and mother (MATIR or MATIZ) all share the pattern *****.
The words for brother (FRONIX and B[R]OThYR) are both composed according to the standard
pattern for normal persons: *****.
The words BAIRN (infant), the son (AIGONZ or GENUS) and MARITUS (husband) deviate from the
standard pattern for normal persons: *****.
Summary
There is some evidence that selected vocabularies in a number of PIE-languages are based on 5-
gram words (pentagrams), which represent the 5 categories of the phonetic sources (lingual, palatal,
guttural, labial, dental). A great number of these pentagrams are identified as central keywords, such
as the sky-god, the ancestors and parents. The 5 categories have been described in the Sefer
Yetzirah and in Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods” .
In a previous study I selected the identified the 5-grams in an essay titled Notes to Hildegard von
Bingen's 'Lingua Ignota'.
The dictionary in Hildegard von Bingen's Lingua Ignota (Latin for "unknown language") is ordered
according to the importance of the words and contains circa 1010 words and 8 subsections, in which
the first two sections contain at least 21, respectively 15 pentagrams.
Hildegard von Bingen did not complete her dictionary and concentrated her selective topics to the
the Creation, the Church, the parts of the body, medical terms and diagnosis, the animals, plants and
herbs.
In order to complete the dictionary of pentagrams I decided to include the 4 rivers of the Paradise
and the 4 cardinal virtues. This composition allows us to reconstruct some rules for the
compositions of the pentagrams, for example: The most relevant human beings Man (MANYS) and
Woman (VANIX), the patriarch (PATYR) and seer (WATIS) and the penitent (PANgIZ), fore- and
grandfather (PhAZYR) , father (PATIR or PATIZ) and mother (MATIR or MATIZ) share the pattern
*****.
Normally the ancient supreme word compositions were composed as pentagrams. Originally the
compositions may have been standardized. A reconstructed set of rules may be composed from the
analysis of the pentagrams.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
The Strategy of Hildegard von Bingen's 'Lingua Ignota'.....................................................................2
Several Extensions for the Lingua Ignota............................................................................................5
The four cardinal virtues..................................................................................................................6
The four rivers of the Paradise.........................................................................................................7
Comparison of the pentagram patterns...............................................................................................10
Common rules................................................................................................................................10
The names of the deities................................................................................................................10
The four river of the Paradise........................................................................................................11
The words for the human beings....................................................................................................11
Summary.............................................................................................................................................12