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Cheat Sheets - Probability

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150 views4 pages

Cheat Sheets - Probability

Uploaded by

Meghna Choudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Cheat Sheets – Probability

It is a fraction between 0 to 1 that represents the likelihood of the occurrence of an event in an


experiment.

Experiment: An operation which can produce some well-defined outcomes is called an experiment.

Random Experiment: An experiment in which all possible outcomes are known and the exact output
cannot be predicted in advance is called a random experiment.

Types of questions:

● Rolling a dice.
● Tossing a fair coin.
● Drawing a card from a pack of well-shuffled cards.
● Picking up a ball of a certain colour from a bag containing balls of different colours.

Dice Having 6 faces, marked 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 respectively

Coin Having either a Head (H) or a Tail (T)

A pack of cards Total cards = 52,

13 cards of each suit, namely Spades, Clubs, Hearts and Diamonds

Black cards – Spades and Clubs = 26

Red cards – Hearts and Diamonds = 26

Honour cards – Ace, King, Queen and Jack = 4 per suit

Face cards – King, Queen and Jack = 3 per suit

Sample Space:

When we perform an experiment, then the set S of all possible outcomes is called the sample
space (S).

Examples: In tossing a coin, S = {H, T} -> n(S) = 2

In rolling a dice, we have, S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} -> n(S) = 6

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Cheat Sheets – Probability
Probability of Occurrence of an Event:
Let ‘S’ be the sample and ‘E’ be an event
Then, P(E) = n(E)/n(S)

Mutually Exclusive Events:


When two independent events occur,
P(E) + P(E’) = 1

PRACTICE EXERCISE

1. If the probability of Trump winning the election is 1/4 and that of Nancy Pelosi winning the
election as 1/6, then the probability that either Trump or Nancy win the election is.
A. 5/12
B. 12/5
C. 1/24
D. None of the mentioned options

2. Three fair coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting at least one head.
A. 6/7
B. 8/7
C. 7/8
D. 7/6

3. Three dice are rolled simultaneously. Find the probability of getting a sum of 10.
A. 19/216
B. 21/216
C. 24/216
D. 27/216

4. A bag contains 3 white and 5 black pens. If 3 pens are drawn at random. Find the probability that
they are of the same colour.
A. 56/13
B. 13/56
C. 15/56
D. 27/56

5. There are 3 green, 4 red and 5 white colour markers in a box. If a marker is picked at random, what
is the probability of having either a green or a white marker?
A. 3/4
B. 2/3
C. 4/3
D. 2/5

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Cheat Sheets – Probability
SOLUTIONS:

1. Option A
According to the question:
Either Trump wins or Nancy wins
P = P(A) + P(B) P = 1/4 +1/6 P = (6+4)/24
P = 10/24
P = 5/12

2. Option C
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH, TTT}
E= {HHH, HHT, HTH, HTT, THH, THT, TTH}
N(S) = 8
n(E)=7
P(E)=7/8

Shortcut:
P(at least one head) = 1 – P(no head or all tails)
= 1 – 1/8 = 7/8

3. Option D
When three dice are rolled, S = 63 = 216 A sum
of 10 can be achieved in the following ways: (i)
From the digits 6,3,1 So, there are 3! ways = 6
(ii) From the digits 4,5,1 So, there are 3! ways = 6
(iii) From the digits 6,2,2 So, there are 3! /2! ways = 3
(iv) From the digits 2,4,4 So, there are 3! /2! ways = 3
(v) From the digits 3,3,4 So, there are 3! /2! ways = 3
(vi) From the digits 5,3,2 , So, there are 3! ways = 6
So, total numbers whose sum is 10 = 6 + 6 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 6 = 27
So, probability, P = 27/216

4. Option B
Let S be the sample space
Then n(S) = no. of ways drawing 3 balls out of (5+3)
= 8C3
n(S) = 8! /(5! X 3!) = 56
Let E be the event of getting three balls of the same colour.
Then n(E) = no. of ways (3 balls out of 3 white balls) or (3 balls out of 5 black balls)
n(E) = 3C3 + 5C3
n (E) = 3! / (1! X 2!) + 5! /(2! X3!)
n (E) = 13
Therefore, P(E) = n(E)/n(S) = 13/56

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Cheat Sheets – Probability

5. Option B
Let E1, E2 be the event of picking a green marker and white marker respectively.
Total no. of markers in a bag = 3 + 4 + 5 = 12
E1 = 3/12 = 1/4
E2 = 5/12
P(E1 or E2) = P(E1) + P(E2) = 1/4 + 5/12 = 2/3

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