Ste 9 Conchem q1 Module 2

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9

Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1-Module 2:
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

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Consumer Chemistry – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 2 : Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
First Edition, 2020

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over them.

Published by the Department of Education - Region III


Secretary : Leonor M. Briones
Undersecretary : Diosdado M. San Antonio
Development Team of the Module

Author: Emeliza F. Vidal


Language Reviewer: Evelyn I. Domalaon
Content Editors: Marciano V. Cruz, Jr.
Brenda ‘Lea A. Caranto, PhD
Illustrator: Frances-Irina B. Galvez
Layout Artist: Frances-Irina B. Galvez

Management Team
Gregorio C. Quinto, Jr., EdD
Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division
Rainelda M. Blanco, PhD
Education Program Supervisor - LRMDS
Agnes R. Bernardo, PhD
EPS-Division ADM Coordinator
Marinella P. Garcia Sy, PhD
EPS – Science
Glenda S. Constantino
Project Development Officer II
Joannarie C. Gracia
Librarian II

Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan


Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph
9

Consumer Chemistry
Quarter 1 - Module 2:
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:


Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on IUPAC
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators from
public institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator, in helping the learners meet the
standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and
economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent learning
activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners acquire
the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher


This contains helpful tips or strategies that will
help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You also
need to keep track of the learners’ progress while allowing them to manage their own
learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they do
the tasks included in the module.

For the learner:


Welcome to the Consumer Chemistry Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on IUPAC
Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons.
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for guided
and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process the
contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or


What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to check


what you already know about the lesson to take. If
What I Know
you get all the answers correctly (100%), you may
decide to skip this module.

1
This is a brief drill or review to help you link the
What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be introduced to


What’s New you in various ways; a story, a song, a poem, a
problem opener, an activity or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.
This comprises activities for independent practice to
solidify your understanding and skills of the topic.
What’s More
You may check the answers to the exercises using
the Answer Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank sentence/
What I Have Learned paragraph to be filled in to process what you learned
from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will help you
What I Can Do transfer your new knowledge or skill into real life
situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level of


Assessment
mastery in achieving the learning competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given to you to


Additional Activities
enrich your knowledge or skill of the lesson learned.

This contains the answers to all activities in the


Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:


References - This is a list of all sources used in developing this module.
The following are some reminders in using this module:
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to
consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain deep
understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
2
What I Need to Know

This module encourages you to be familiar with the IUPAC nomenclature


classification of organic compounds (aliphatic hydrocarbons). Various activities in
naming and writing chemical formulas and structures of aliphatic hydrocarbons are
provided for you to perform to strengthen your knowledge and skills regarding the
topic.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

 distinguish the structure of aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes);

 name structures of aliphatic hydrocarbons following the IUPAC system;

 write the structural formula of aliphatic hydrocarbons; and

 appreciate the importance of aliphatic hydrocarbons in our daily lives.

What I Know

You have a Choice!


Directions: Let us find out how much you already know about this lesson. Read each item
carefully and write the letter of your answer on the space provided.

____1. Cooking gas or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is a mixture of C 3H8 & C4H10. Which
of the following are the compounds that comprise LPG?

A. pentane and butane C. propane and methane


B. propane and butane D. ethane and methane
For questions 2 & 3, use the key below
1) C12H24 2) C12H22 3) C12H28 4) C12H26
____2. Which formula correctly represents an alkane with 12 Carbon atoms (C)?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
____3. Which formula correctly represents an alkene with 12 Carbon atoms (C)?
A. 1 C. 3
B. 2 D. 4
____4. Alkynes contain:
A. C-C double bonds C. C-C triple bonds
B. C-C single bonds D. H-H bonds

3
For questions 5 to 7, identify which of the following structures is an:
H
H H H H C
A. C. HC CH
H— C — C — C — C —H
H H H H HC CH
C
H
H H H H
B. H-C=C-C-C-C-H D. H—C—C C—H
H H H H H H

____5. alkene
____6. alkyne
____7. alkane
____8. Which compound is saturated?
A. CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 C. CH3CH=CH-CH3
B. CH3-CH=CH2 D. CH CH
____9. Which of the following is an unsaturated compound?
A. C6H14 C. C3H7OH
B. C4H8 D. CH3OH
____10. What is the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) name of
the given compound , H3C - CH - CH=CH2 ?
CH3
A. 2-methyl-3-butene C. 3-methyl-1-butyne
B. 3-methyl-3-butene D. 3-methyl-1-butene
Use the choices below to answer questions 11 to 14.
A. 2 C. 4
B. 3 D. 5
How many carbon atoms are there in the following compounds?
____11. propene
____12. ethane
____13. pentyne
____14. cyclobutane
____15. Which of the following is the correct structure of the given IUPAC name,
4-methyl-2-pentene?
CH3 CH3
A. H3C - CH2 - CH = C - CH3 C. H3C - CH - CH = CH - CH3

CH3 CH3
B. H3C = CH - CH - CH - CH3 D. H3C - C = CH - CH2 - CH3

4
What’s In

Check it Out! (Organic vs. Inorganic)


Directions: In the table below tell whether the compound is organic or inorganic by putting a
check mark () in the appropriate column.

Compounds Organic Inorganic

Common Name Chemical Formula


1. table sugar C12H22O11

2. carbon dioxide CO2

3. table salt NaCl

4. ethanol C2H5OH

5. water H2O

6. butane C4H10

7. acetone C3H6O

8. vinegar CH3COOH

9. agua oxigenada H2O2

10. formalin CH2O

Guide Question: What makes an organic compound different from an inorganic


compound?

________________________________________________________________________

Revealing Misconception

Now, you can easily distinguish an organic compound from an inorganic compound
by determining the presence of carbon. However, the following carbon-containing
compounds that lack carbon-carbon bonds are considered inorganic.

carbon monoxide carbonates cyanides


carbon dioxide bicarbonates cyanates
carbon disulfide carbides thiocyanides

5
What’s New

Follow, Follow Me!


Directions: Read each command carefully. Perform what is asked in the following
statements. Use a pencil for this activity.
1. Draw 5 circles aligned horizontally inside the box. Make sure that each circle has
enough space in between.
2. Draw a smaller circle at the following positions: before the first circle, after the fifth
circle, at the top of each of the five circles; and at the bottom of each of the five circles.
Make sure there is enough space between the circles.
3. Write a letter C inside each big circle.
4. Write a letter H inside each small circle.
5. Connect the big circles together.
6. Attach the small circles to the adjacent big circle using vertical or horizontal lines.
You now have an illustration of the molecular structure of a hydrocarbon. You can
now answer the following questions.
Guide Question No. 1: How many carbon atoms (C) are present in the structure?
Guide Question No. 2: How many hydrogen atoms (H) are present in the structure?
Guide Question No. 3: What do you think will be the name of the hydrocarbon above?
Take note that your knowledge of the molecular structure of hydrocarbons is an
important prerequisite for IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Appied Chemistry)
nomenclature.
The following are some ways of writing structure of hydrocarbons:
1. The molecular formula is based on the actual makeup of the compound. However, they
do not describe how the atoms are put together. Example: pentane C5H12
2. A structural formula displays the atoms of the molecule in the order they are bonded.
H H H H
Example: butane
H-C-C-C-C-H
H H H H
3. The condensed structural formula shows the order of atoms like a structural formula but
is written in a single line to save space and make it more convenient and faster to write out.
Examples: a.) hexane CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 b.) 2-hexene CH3CH=CHCH2CH2CH3

Notes to the Teacher

The activities in this module are arranged from simple to complex to help the
learner gradually master the desired learning competency. Give him/her the needed
support and guidance so that he/she will be able to perform the tasks to prepare him/her
later on in the IUPAC nomenclature classification of organic compounds (aliphatic
hydrocarbons).

6
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
What is It

Organic compounds are compounds that contain carbon atoms linked together in
chains or rings. Many organic compounds are formed because of the special characteristics
of carbon. A carbon atom has four (4) valence electrons. This kind of atomic structure
makes the carbon atom able to form four (4) covalent bonds with atoms of other elements
and other carbon atoms. Carbon atoms can also make many types of arrangements: single
bond, double bond, and triple bond. With these abilities of carbon atoms, chemical bonds
between the carbon atoms and other elements can form different kinds of compounds with
short and long-straight and branched-chain structures.

Guide Question No. 1: Explain why carbon forms many compounds?

Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain only carbon (C) and hydrogen (H).
They are the simplest organic compounds. Hydrocarbons are classified into two main
types: aliphatic and aromatic. Aliphatic hydrocarbons are all hydrocarbons that do not
contain benzene ring. These are open-chain compounds that are either straight or
branched. Ring system is also possible in aliphatic compounds such as cycloalkanes. On
the other hand, aromatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain benzene ring
(alternating single and double bonds around the ring).

Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be saturated or unsaturated. Saturated compounds are
made up of single bond only (alkanes and cycloalkanes), while unsaturated compounds are
with double bonds (alkenes) or triple bonds (alkynes). Besides hydrogen, other elements
that can be bound to carbon chain are oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine.

Saturated Hydrocarbons
Saturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain only single bonds between
carbon atoms. As a result, each carbon atom is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as
possible. In other words, the carbon atoms are saturated with hydrogen. You can see an
example in the figure given below. In the structural formula shown, each dash (-) represents
a single covalent bond, in which two atoms share one pair of valence electron.

H H H H GUIDE QUESTION No. 2:


H—C—C—C—C—H What is the chemical formula for butane?
H H H H __________________________________
butane
7
Saturated hydrocarbons are generally known as alkanes. The name of specific
alkanes always ends in –ane and has a prefix to indicate how many carbon atoms it has.
See table below.

Greek Prefixes Used as Stem Name


Number of Number of
Prefix Prefix
Carbon atoms Carbon atoms
meth- 1 hex- 6
eth- 2 hep- 7
prop- 3 oct- 8
but- 4 non- 9
pent- 5 dec- 10

Alkanes

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons conforming to the general formula CnH2n+2,


where n is a whole number equal to the number of carbon atoms. They are identified by the
suffix –ane. The alkane series is also termed as methane or paraffin series. The simplest
alkane is methane which has one carbon atom and next to it is ethane with two carbon
atoms.

The Simplest Alkanes


Condensed
Name Molecular Formula Structural Formula
Structural Formula

H
methane CH4 CH4 H—C—H
H

H H
ethane C2H6 CH3 CH3 H—C—C—H
H H

Cycloalkanes
The cycloalkanes are saturated hydrocarbons in which the carbon atoms form a ring.
The general formula is CnH2n. The following are some examples of cycloalkanes:
CH2
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2 CH2
CH2 CH2

cyclopropane cyclobutane cyclopentane

8
Unsaturated Hydrocarbons
Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that contain less than the maximum
number of hydrogen atoms that can possibly bond with the number of carbon atoms
present. These are the alkenes and alkynes.

Guide Question No. 3: How do unsaturated hydrocarbons differ from saturated?

Alkenes
Alkenes are unsaturated compounds that contain a carbon-carbon double bond and
have the general formula CnH2n . The suffix –ene indicates a double bond. These
compounds are also called olefins. The simplest alkene is ethene; next is propene.
The Simplest Alkenes

Condensed
Name Molecular Formula Structural Formula
Stuctural Formula

H H
ethene C2H4 CH2 = CH2 C=C
H H

H
H
1-propene C3H6 CH2 = CH CH3 C = C — C— H
H H
H

Alkynes

Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon triple bond and
have a general formula CnH2n-2. They are identified by the suffix –yne, except for the first
compound in the series (ethyne), better known by its common name acetylene. The next
member of the series is propyne.

The Simplest Alkynes

Name Molecular Formula Condensed Formula Structural Formula

ethyne
C2H2 CH CH H C C H
(acetylene)

H
1-propyne C2H6 CH C - CH3 H C C C H

9
IUPAC Nomenclature of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
The system of naming compounds is referred to as nomenclature. Organic
compounds are named according to rules established by the International Union of Pure
and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Before we can follow the IUPAC rules for naming branched-chain hydrocarbons, we
must consider the names of the groups that are formed when one hydrogen atom is
removed from the formula of an alkene. They are called alkyl groups.
Some Common Alkyl Groups

Alkane Alkyl Stuctural Formula


CnH2n+2 CnH2n+1
methane methyl - CH3

ethane ethyl - CH2CH3

n-propane n-propyl - CH2CH2CH3

n-butane n-butyl - CH2CH2CH2CH3


n-pentane n-pentyl - CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

isopropane isopropyl CH3


CH
CH3

An atom or group of atoms that can take the place of hydrogen on a parent
hydrocarbon molecule is called a substituent. When a substituent alkyl group is added to a
straight-chain hydrocarbon, branches are formed. A hydrocarbon with one or more alkyl
groups is called a branched-chain hydrocarbon.

IUPAC Rules for Naming Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes)


1. Determine the name of the parent compound by finding the longest continuous chain of
carbon atoms. Example:

a. H3C - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

CH3

The longest chain contains 7 carbon atoms, thus the parent structure is heptane.

The IUPAC name of the compound is 3-methylhexane.

10
b. Sometimes, it is not easy to recognize the longest chain because of the way in which
the formula is written. Example:
H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH3

CH2

CH3

This is heptane not hexane.


2. Add the following endings to the parent name.

-ane for alkane

-ene for alkene

-yne for alkyne

Examples:

A. H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3 - pentane

B. CH2 = CH2 - ethene

C. CH C - CH3 - 1-propyne

3. In alkenes and alkynes, number the chain beginning at the end closest to the double or
triple bond.

Example:

7 6 5 4 3 2 1
H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH = CH - CH3
2-heptene

 If a compound contains more than one double bond, the numbers of double bonds are
noted with a Greek prefix preceding the –ene ending. For example,

CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH = CH2 CH2 = C = CH - CH2 - CH3

1,4-pentadiene 1,2-pentadiene

CH2 = CH - CH = CH2
1,3-butadiene

11
4. a. Number the longest chain beginning with the end closest to the branch. These
numbers are used to designate the location of the groups or substituents at the
branch. See examples:
6 5 4 3
1 2 3 4 5 6
H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH3 methyl group H3C - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3
(substituent) CH3
2 CH2

3-methylhexane
1 CH3

3-methylhexane

b. If identical substituents are present, use the prefixes di (twice), tri (three times), tetra
(four times), and penta ( five times) and indicate the numbers. If there are different
subtituents present, arrange them alphabetically. See examples.

CH3 CH3
1 2 3 6
CH3
4 5
H3C - C - CH2 - CH - CH2 - CH3
CH2 CH3
1 2 3 4 5 6
CH3 H3C - CH = CH - CH - CH - CH3

4-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexene
2,2,4-trimethylhexane

CH3 CH3
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6
H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH - CH - CH3 H3C - CH2 - C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2


Ethyl group
CH3 CH3

3-ethyl-2,4-dimethyloctane 3-ethyl-3-methylhexane

c. The use of proper punctuations is very important in writing the names of organic
compounds in the IUPAC system. Commas are used to separate numbers. Hyphens
are used to separate numbers and words. The entire name is written without any
spaces.

Guide Question No. 4: Which of the two IUPAC names is written correctly?

(4-ethyl-2,3-dimethylheptane; 4-ethyl-2-3-dimethyl heptane)

12
What’s More

Independent Activity 1
Alkane, Alkene or Alkyne?
Directions: Classify the following hydrocarbons as to alkane, alkene, or alkyne and give
the IUPAC name of each.

H H H H H H H
1.) H— C — C — C — C —H 3.) H-C=C-C-C-C-H
H H H H H H H H H

; ;

H
CH3 CH3
H—C—C C—H
2.) H3C - C C - CH2 - CH3 4.) H
; ;

5.) H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3


;

Independent Assessment 1
Modified True or False
Directions: Tell whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the underlined word
or phrase to make the statement true.

_______1. The series of hydrocarbons that contain only carbon-carbon single bonds are
called alkanes.

_______2. Alkenes are considered to be saturated since they contain the maximum
number of hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon backbone.

_______3. Alkynes contain one or more carbon-carbon triple bonds.

_______4. Organic compounds that do not contain benzene ring structure are known as
aromatic hydrocarbons.

_______5. Unsaturated hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons that do not contain the maximum
possible number of hydrogen atoms.

13
What’s More

Independent Activity 2
Table Completion
Directions: Complete the table below by writing the name, molecular formula, and
condensed stuctural formula of the first 10 straight-chain alkanes. Refer to the
given example.
Alkane Name Molecular Formula Condensed Structural Formula

pentane C5H12 CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Independent Assessment 2
What’s the Name?
Direction: Give the IUPAC name of the following aliphatic compounds.
1.) H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH - CH - CH - CH3
CH2 CH3 CH3
CH3
2.) H2C = CH - CH2 - CH3

CH3 CH3
3.) H3C - CH - CH2 - CH2 = CH2 - CH - CH3

CH3 CH3
4.) H3C - C C - CH2 - CH3

5.) H3C - CH3 - C C - CH2 - CH3

14
Independent Activity 3
See What I’m Made Of!
A. Direction: Write the condensed structural formula of the following compounds.
1.) 3-heptyne

2.) 1,3-butadiene

3.) 2-methylpentane

4.) 4-ethyl-2,3,4-trimethyloctane

5.) 3-ethylhexane

B. Directions: Review the given structure of the branched-chain hydrocarbon below. Box
the parent chain, encircle the substituents, and give the IUPAC name of the
compound.

CH3
CH2
CH3 — CH — CH — CH3
CH — CH2 — CH3 ________________________________

CH3

15
Independent Assessment 3
Matching Type
Direction: Match each organic compound with its IUPAC name.
A B
1.) 2-pentene a. H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - CH3

2.) 1-propyne b. H3C - CH = CH - CH2 - CH3

3.) heptane c. H3C - C C - CH3

4.) 3-hexene d. HC C - CH3

5.) 2-butyne e. H3C - CH2 - CH = CH - CH2 - CH3

6.) 2-methyloctane H H H
f. H-C-C-C C-C-H
7.) 3-methyl-1-butyne
H H H
8.) 3-methyl-1-heptene
H
9.) 2,3-dimethylheptane H-C-H
H
10.) 2-pentyne g. H-C C-C—C-H

H H
H
H-C-H
H H H H H H H
h. H - C —C — C - C - C - C - C - C - H
H H H H H H H H

H
H-C-H
H H H H H H
i. H- C - C - C - C - C - C = C
H
H H H H H

H H
H-C-H H-C-H
H H H H H
j. H- C - C C -C-C-C-C-H

H H H H H H H

16
What I Have Learned

A. Table Completion
Directions: Complete the table below by writing the different groups of aliphatic
hydrocarbons, their corresponding general formula, type of bond and indicate
whether they are saturated or unsaturated.

Hydrocarbon Summary
Saturated or
Types General Formula Type of Bond
unsaturated

B. Sentence Completion
Directions: Fill each blank with the correct word or words to complete the thought of the
following sentences.
1. Compounds that contain carbon atoms linked together in chains or rings are called
_____________.

2. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called _____________.

3. _____________ are all hydrocarbons that do not contain benzene ring.

4. The system of naming compounds is referred to as _____________.

5. In naming a compound, the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is called


_____________.

6. An atom or group of atoms that can take the place of hydrogen on a parent hydrocarbon
molecule is called a _____________.

7. If there are different substituents present, arrange them _____________.

8. The use of proper _____________ in writing the names of organic compound in the
IUPAC system is very important.

9. In writing the IUPAC name use _____________ to separate numbers, and use hyphens
to separate numbers from words.

10. The entire name of a compound is written _____________ any spaces.

17
What I Can Do
Common Uses of Some Hydrocarbons
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mixture of flammable hydrocarbon gases such
as propane (C3H8) and butane (C4H10). Propane and butane are both gases at normal
temperature and pressure and are compressed into a liquid inside pressurized containers.
They are commonly used for heating, cooking and as a fuel for engines. In addition, butane
is specifically used as fuel for lighters.
Objectives:
 Identify common hydrocarbons and
their uses; There is a fire risk!
 Suggest ways on how to avoid Seek the help of your
CAUTION parents in performing this
risk or harm when dealing with
activity.
flammable hydrocarbons.
Materials:
 gas stove connected to LPG outlet
 disposable butane lighter
Procedure:
1. Read the following steps carefully and answer the questions briefly .
2. Open the LPG outlet and ignite the gas stove. What have you observed?
___________________
3. Turn off the stove and make sure that the gas outlet is closed for your safety.
4. Get the disposable lighter, flick the spark wheel to ignite. Do not burn the lighter for
more than a few seconds. What have you observed? _____________________
5. Complete the table below:

Chemical Phase (solid,


Hydrocarbon Uses
Formula liquid, gas)

Propane

Butane
6. Aside from
propane and butane, name two (2) other hydrocarbons and give their common uses.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
7. Suggest at least three (3) ways to avoid risk in using flammable hydrocarbons.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

18
Assessment

A. Multiple Choice
Directions: Read each item carefully and write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.

____1. The saturated hydrocarbons are characterized by the presence of


A. single bond C. double bond
B. triple bond D. benzene ring
____2. What is the general formula for an alkane?
A. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n
B. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1
____3. A hydrocarbon that contains a carbon-carbon double bond is called an/a
A. cycloalkane C. alkyne
B. alkene D. alkane
____4. The general formula CnH2n determines what aliphatic hydrocarbons?
A. alkyl C. alkane
B. alkyne D. alkene
____5. Which of the following is a characteristic of unsaturated hydrocarbons?
A. contain single bond C. contain double bond
B. contain triple bond D. both B and C
____6. A straight-chain or branched-chain hydrocarbon with a triple bond is called
an
A. alkyne C. alkene
B. alkyl D. alkane
____7. Which of the following is the general formula for alkynes?
A. CnH2n+2 C. CnH2n
B. CnH2n-2 D. CnH2n+1
____8. What is the name of an alkane which has the formula C4H10?
A. propane C. butane
B. pentane D. ethane

19
____9. The IUPAC name of the compound below is
CH3
H3C — C — CH=CH2
CH3

A. 1,1-dimethyl-2-propene C. 2,2,2-trimethyl-butene
B. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene D. 2,3-dimethyl-1-propene

____10. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name for the given
compound?
CH3 CH3
CH3 — CH2 — CH — CH2 — CH —CH3

A. 1-ethyl-1,3-dimethylbutane C. 3,5-dimethylhexane
B. 2,4-dimethylhexane D. 3,5,5-trimethylpentane

B. Matching Type
Directions: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your answer on the
space provided.

____11. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 A. 4-ethyl-4-methyloctane

____12. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2 — CH = CH – CH3 B. pentane

____13. CH3 - CH = C = CH - CH2 - CH3 C. 2-methyl-1-butene


CH3
____14. CH3 - CH2 - C = CH2 D. 2,3-hexadiene
CH3

____15. CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CH2 - C - CH2 - CH3 E. 2-heptene


CH2 - CH2 - CH3

20
Additional Activity
DIY Molecular Model of Hydrocarbons

Most modeling activities nowadays are carried out on computers using software to
create visual images. The professional versions of software for these are quite expensive
and difficult to access. The physical interaction of students using molecular models helps to
solidify understanding of the concept. Although it is possible to buy molecular model sets,
its costs will be a constraint especially if the necessity arises on an individual basis, thus it
will be harder to afford such models. There are however cheap yet effective alternatives:
one of these is to use styrofoam balls and toothpicks to create representations of atoms just
like in a real molecular modeling kit.

This activity will help you create a molecular model of common hydrocarbons that
were discussed in the preceding parts of this module.

Objective:
 Construct a styrofoam ball-and-stick models of common hydrocarbons.
Materials
 styrofoam balls (2 in. diameter for C-atoms; 1 in. diameter for H-atoms)
 toothpicks H
 styro-paint H H

(black for C-atoms; yellow for H-atoms)


C C
C H
 paint brush H
*alternative material: paper balls H
H H
Procedure:

1. Make a draft of the structure of your chosen hydrocarbon compound. Use the structural
formula to see the order of how atoms of carbon and hydrogen in the molecules are
bonded. This will guide you on how you will construct your molecular model.

2. Give the IUPAC name of the compound.

3. Attach a piece of a toothpick on the smaller styrofoam balls. It will be easy for you to
paint the the smaller styrofoam balls when they are attached to the toothpicks.

Be careful in using
TAKE CARE!
toothpicks!

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4. Paint the styrofoam balls with the assigned colors. Make sure to wash your hands
thoroughly with soap and water after using styropaint.

Be careful not to spill it


PAINT STAINS! on your skin and to
your clothing!

5. Assemble the styrofoam balls according to your drafted hydrocarbon structure. Use
toothpicks to attach the styrofoam balls together. Note that there are different sizes of
styrofoam balls used to represent a particular atom of an element. The toothpicks are
used to represent the bond that exists between the carbon-carbon atoms and the carbon
-hydrogen atoms.

6. Make documentation while working on this activity. Submit at least 3 pictures via online
to your teacher. Remember to clean your working area after this activity.

DIY Molecular Model of Hydrocarbons


Scoring Rubric

Category 5 pts. 4 pts. 3 pts.

Construction The model is neatly The model shows The model lacks
(Visual presented and the correct colors of neatness and
Appearance, shows the correct atoms but lacks shows incorrect
Neatness) colors of atoms. neatness. colors of atoms.

The model shows The model shows


The model has
an accurate somewhat accurate
incomplete/missing
Accuracy of structure of a structure of a
parts and has an
Structure hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon and
incorrect IUPAC
has a correct has a correct
name.
IUPAC name. IUPAC name.

Completes the task Completes the task Completes the task


and submitted the and submitted one and submitted two
Time
output within the (1) day later than (2) days later than
given schedule. the given schedule. the given schedule.

Submitted three (3) Submitted three (3) Submitted (2)


Documentation pictures with pictures without pictures with
caption. caption. caption.

22
References
Cabaluna, Ma. Lily L., Victoria V. Gomez, and Annabelle J. Monzon. Chemistry. #388 Mc
Athur Highway, Dalandanan, Valenzuela City: JO-ES Publishing House, Inc., 2002.
Smith, Himes, and Smoot. Solving Problems In Chemistry. 936 Eatwind Drive Westerville,
OH 43081: GLENCOE DIVISION of Macmillan/McGraw-Hill School Publishing
Company, n.d.
Wilbraham, Antony C., Dennis D. Staley, Michael S. Matta, and Edward L. Waterman.
Chemistry. 5th. 23 First Lok Yang Road, Jurong, Singapore 629733: Pearson
Education (Asia) Pte Ltd, 2003.

25
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education, Schools Division of Bulacan
Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resource Management and Development System (LRMDS)
Capitol Compound, Guinhawa St., City of Malolos, Bulacan
Email address: lrmdsbulacan@deped.gov.ph

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