LEA 2: INDUSTRIAL SECURITY MANAGEMENT

Compiled by. Poly D. Banagan

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

Historical Background of Industrial Security in the Philippines

PADPAO – stands for the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators.
It is a non-stock private organization, and it was formed in May 1958.

R.A. 5487 – is an act that regulates the organization and operation of the private detective,
watchmen or security guard agencies.
- it is known as Private Security agency Law.

Before R.A. 5487 there is no law, what they need is only a permit from the city or municipal
mayor to hire a security guard.

PCSUSIA – Philippine Constabulary Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation Agencies –
was formed as a result of the approval of R.A. 5487, which directs the Chief PC to issue rules
and regulations concerning the implementation of R.A. 5487
- later was change to PNPSOSIA- when the Philippine Constabulary was dissolved and the
personnel was merged to the PNP.

PNPSOSIA – PNP Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies – before it is
responsible for the issuance of implementing orders regarding the rules and regulations affecting
security agencies operation.

At present

PNPSAG/SD – PNP Security Agency Guards/ Supervision Division – for national and

PNP FE/SAGS – PNP Firearm and Explosives/ Security Agency Guard Services – for local
- it directs the Chief of PNP to issue rules and regulations concerning the implementing rules of
R.A. 5487.

Effectivity date – Oct. 3, 1972 and Jan. 17, 1975 and amended by P. D. # 11 and 11A
- and again amended in 2003 with Title 2003 Revised Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A.

PART I: DEFINITION OF TERMS

1. Security - is the state or quality of being secured, freedom from fear or danger;
assurance; certainty. To secure is to make safe or be protected. From the Greek word
SECUROS which means safe, safety or secured.
2. Security Guard- is any natural person who offers and renders personal services to watch
or guard residential, or business or both, government buildings, establishment and or their
premises for hire or compensation
3. Security supervisor- charged with directing the work and observation the behavioral
performance of the guard under his unit
4. Private Detective- any natural person, not a member of the regular police force or the
AFP, who does detective work for hire reward or commission
5. Security Guard Force- group of forces of men selected trained or organized into
functional group for the purpose of protecting operational processes from those
disruption which impede efficiency or halt operation at a particular plant, facility,
institution or special activity
6. Security Planning- it involves knowing the objectives of the security and the means and
the method to reach these objectives or goal must then evolved
7. Security Survey- the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and
thorough inspection of all operation system and procedures of a facility
8. Security Inspection- the process of conducting physical examination to determine
compliance with establishment security policies as a result of security survey
9. Security hazard- any act or condition which may result in the compromise of information,
loss of life, loss or destruction of property or disruption of the objectives of the
installation
10. Security Education program- program given to employees of an installation by means of
lecture pertaining to measures and safeguards to be taken
11. Assets protection Program- sum total of protection scheme encompassing the entire
security spectrum, designed to eliminate, reduce or control threats, hazards or dangers to
company
12. Security Cabinet- added protection of important vital papers, plans, data, special
correspondence, cash, etc such as vault, safe and file room
13. Security Alarm System-combination of compatible intrusion and detection device so
arranged and wired as to support one another
14. Security lighting- providing of sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness to
ensure visibility and to act as deterrent to intruders
15. Physical barrier- any physical means to impede, delay, or prevent intrusion into a
protected area
16. Master keying system- system used in an installation whereby keys can open a groups of
locks this is possible by use of interchangeable cylinder cores in the locks
17. Remote station System- a system where the alarm signal is transmitted to remote location
manned and operated by independent party or police department
18. RA 5487- the Private Security Agency law of the Philippines
19. Private Detective Agency - is any person who for hire or reward or on commission
conducts or carries on or holds himself out as conducting or carrying on a detective
agency or detective service
20. Private Detective - any person who is not a member of a regular police agency or armed
forces who does detective work for hire,reward or commission
21. PADPAO - Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency Operators
 22. Watchmen/Security Guard - person who offers or renders personal service to watch or
secure either residential or business establishment or both or any building,compound or
area for hire or compensation or as an employee thereof.
23. Security Agency - any person, association, partnership or corporation who recruits,
trains, muster ,furnishes, solicit individuals or business firms, private or government
owned or controlled corporation to engage his services or those of its watchmen
24. Target hardening - the reduction in criminal opportunity, generally through the use of
physical barriers, architectural design and enhanced security measures of a particular
location
25. Defensible Space - the range of mechanisms that combine to bring an environment under
the control of its residents
26. Vigiles (in Rome) - origin of the watchmen although their principal duty was as a fire
brigade
27. Duress Code – a type of code system so that security personnel when forced by armed
men intending to enter an installation can give alarm by the use of certain words in casual
conversation with other personnel in the installation

CHAPTER II: SECURITY

TYPES OF SECURITY
1. Physical security- concerned with the physical measures designed to safeguard personnel; to
prevent unauthorized access to equipment, facilities, materials, documents; and to protect
them from espionage, sabotage, damage and theft
2. Industrial Security- a form of physical security involving industrial plants and business
enterprises It involved the safeguarding of personnel, processes, properties and operations
3. Bank security- application of various measures in safeguarding cash and assets of the bank
from storage, during transit and transaction
4. Hotel security-application of various means in safeguarding hotel guests and valuables and
other hotel functions
5. VIP security- involves the protection of top ranking officials of the government, visiting
persons of illustrious standing and political dignitaries
6. Document Security- protection of document, classified papers, and vital records from loss,
access to unauthorized person, damage, theft and compromise through proper storage and
procedures
7. Operational Security- this involved the protection of processes, formulas, patents and
industrial manufacturing activities from espionage, infiltration, loss, compromise or photo
copying
8. Communication security- application of various measures which prevent or delay the enemy
or unauthorized person in gaining information through communication. This includes
transmission, cryptography and physical security

MAJOR ASPECTS OF SECURITY

1. PHYSICAL SECURITY
2. PERSONNEL SECURITY
3. DOCUMENT SECURITY

PART I. PHYSICAL SECURITY

PHYSICAL SECURITY- the sum total of all physical measures employed or installed to secure
the assets or installation.

Physical security - describes the measures that are designed to deny access to unauthorized
personnel from physically accessing a building, facility, stored information and guidance on
how to design structures to resist potentially hostile acts.

Ø a system of barriers placed between a potential intruder and the material or

installation to be protected.

Physical Security System - a barrier or system of barriers placed between the potential intruder
and the matter to be protected. Protective device against hazards, threats, vulnerability and risks

TYPE OF PHYSICAL SECURITY

1. Active – by using different type of Barriers

2. Passive – by using psychological approach

ACTIVE SECURITY METHOD USED

1. Overt
2. Covert

THREE LINE OF PHYSICAL DEFENSE

1. 1st line Defense or Perimeter Defense - such as barrier, perimeter fence or guard at the
gate.
2. 2nd Line or Inside Defense – such as doors, floors, windows, walls, roof, and other entries
to the building.
3. 3rd Line Defense or Storage system – such as safe, vaults and cabinets.
A. BARRIER – a structure or physical device capable of deterring, delaying illegal access into
the installation.

TYPES OF PHYSICAL BARRIERS

1. Natural barriers- like cliffs, terrains, oceans, or bodies of water

2. Structural barriers- fences, walls, grill, etc.
3. Human barriers- security guards and employees
4. Animal barrier- dogs, geese, etc.
5. Energy barriers- electronic devices

PRINCIPLES IF PHYSICAL SECURITY

1. There is no impenetrable barrier

2. Physical Security must be built upon a system of defense depth.
3. Each installation is different
PURPOSES OF PRETECTIVE BARRIER

1. Controlling vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow

2. Checking identification of personnel entering the department
3. Defining buffer zone for more highly classified areas

OBJECTIVES OF PERIMETER BARRIERS

1. Outline the perimeter of the area to be secured

2. Create physical and psychological deterrent for unauthorized entry
3. Delays intrusion, thus facilitating apprehension of intruders
4. Assists in more economical and efficient employment of guards
5. Facilitates and improves the control of pedestrian and vehicular traffic

TYPE OF STRUCTURAL BARRIERS

1. Protective barrier- any structure or physical device capable of restricting, deterring or

delaying illegal access to installation
2. Perimeter barrier- a medium or structure which define the physical limits of an
installation or area to restrict or impede access thereto
a) Inside perimeter- a line protection adjacent to protected area and passing through
points of possible entry into the area, such as doors, windows, tunnels or other
points of access
b) Outside perimeter- a line of protection surrounding but somewhat removed from a
protected area, such as fence

TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIERS

 1. Wire fences
a. Solid
b. Full view-
1) chain-link - for permanent structure (9 gauge)
2) barred wire - for semi-permanent (12 gauge with 4 point barb)
3) concertina wire – for least permanent or temporary and barred tape 50 feet
long and 3 feet in height
c. barbed tape - minimum breaking system of 500 pounds
2. Building walls – wall, floor, roof or their combination
3. Bodies of water – river, lake see pond etc.

TYPES OF PERIMETER BARRIERS

1. Gates and doors

2. Sidewalk elevators
3. Utilities openings – like sewer, air intakes exhaust tunnel etc.
4. Clear zone
a. a clear zone of 20 feet or more should exist between the perimeter barrier and
exterior structure ,parking areas and natural or man made features.
b. A clear zone of 50 feet or more should exist between the perimeter barrier and the
structure within the protected areas, except when the building constitutes a part of
the perimeter barrier.

ADITIONAL PROTECTIVE BARRIERS

1. Top Guard- an additional overhang of barbed wire placed on vertical perimeter fences
facing upward and outward with 45 degree with three to four strands of barbed wires, 6
inches apart and must be stalled on the supporting arms.
2. Guard control system- this is normally provided at main perimeter entrance to secure
areas located out of doors, and manned by guard on a full-time basis.
3. Towers- guard tower are house like structures above the perimeter barriers.
4. Barrier Maintenance- regular inspection of fencing barriers and protective walls.
5. Protection in Depth - any warning sign should be placed in area where fencing or
walling is impracticable. Depth itself is protection
6. Signs and Notices – control sign should be erected for unauthorized entry

Defensive In Depth Barriers

1. Outer Ring - securing sidewalks, in front of quarters or offices, covering all entrances,
front, center, side and rear
2. Middle Ring - security covering inside quarters, office, residence, all stairways and
elevators
 3. Inner Ring - immediately outside the high risk personnel door or the one closest to the
VIP

Minimum acceptable requirements for fence used security barriers

1. Height - 8 feet at a minimum

2. Slack at the bottom - not to exceed 2 inches. If the fences are not tight then it should
extend even closer to the ground
3. Wooden fence post - minimum horizontal dimension of 4X4 inches
4. Steel fence post - the round type should at least be 2 inches at the smallest diameter
5. Fence post - should be set in concrete or in firm using commercial drive anchors to a
depth of 3 feet and the maximum distance post is 10 feet.
6. Fence top (Top Guard) - there should be something the top of the fence to deter persons
attempting to go over fence. ex. use of barb wire overhangs. The arms holding the
barbwire should be extended at 45 degree angle in the direction of the expected approach.
7. Fence area - it should be declared trees and debris of other materials which would offer
concealment of the intruder or would aid him in scaling the fence
8. Fence Gates - gates should be limited to the no. necessary for efficient and sage operation
of the installation
9. Fence Opening - all opening in the fence in excess of 96 inches must be locked barbed or
screen in such a way that they may be interlocked and opened from the inside and only
by selected personnel.
10. Multiple fence - is used should at least be 10 feet apart and the overhang on the top of
the inner fence should point inward

B. SECURITY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ANS ALARM SYSTEM

SECURITY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM – facilities provided for signaling, alerting or
alarming workers at any location throughout the installation as occasion demands. These
includes telephone and radio
PROTECTIVE ALARMS- alarms systems are designed to provide an electrical and mechanical
means of detecting and announcing proximity of instruction which endanger the security of a
restricted area, a facility, or its components.

TYPES OF ALARM

1. Metallic foil or wire- Any action that will move the foil or wire breaks the circuit and
activate an alarm, metallic foil or wire are used in window or glass surface.
2. Photoelectric or Electric Eye Device
A light beam is transmitted at a frequency of several thousand vibrations per second. It is
connected by a wire a control station and when an intruder crosses the beam, he breaks
the contract with the photoelectric coil which thus activates the alarm.
 3. Audio detection device-supersensitive microphone speaker sensor or installed in walls
ceilings and floors of the protected area of any sound caused by attempted forced entry is
detected by the sensor.
4. Vibration detection device- vibration sensitive sensors are attached to walls, ceilings or
floors of the protected area. Any vibration caused by attempted force entry is detected by
the sensor. Can be effective to safeguard enclose areas in sound detection system.
5. Microwave motion detection device- a pattern of radio waves is transmitted and
partially reflected back to an antenna. If they strike a moving object, they return at a
different frequency which results in initiating an alarm signal. Very effective for
protection of interior areas.
6. Ultrasonic motion detection device- consists of transceiver, amplifier and control unit.
Any motion within protected area causes an activation of alarm signal.
7. Capacitance or electrostatic detection device- the body capacitance of an intruder who
enters the field, unbalances the electronic energy of the field which in turn activates the
alarm. It can be installed on safe, walls or openings therein to establish an electronic field
around object to be protected.

OTHER TYPES OF PROTECTIVE ALARMS (BANK ALARMS)

1. Foot rail activator- placed on the floor in such a position that tellers may activate the
alarm by placing the front of their foot to engage the activation bar.
2. Bill traps or currency activation devices- are usually placed in teller’s top, cash drawer
and connected to the alarm system using a wire connector. When currency is removed
from the devices, the alarm is activated.
3. Knee or thigh buttons- installed inside the desk or teller station so they can be activated
by knee or thigh pressure. They are commonly found in location where personnel usually
perform their duties from seated position.
4. Foot button- permits alarm activation in relatively safety while both hands remain clear
in view of the robbers.
5. Double squeeze buttons- re4quires pressure on both side of the device and therefore the
probability of accidental alarm is reduced.

TYPES OF ALARM DETECTION SYSTEM

1. Central Station System- a system where the central station is located outside the
installation. when alarm is sounded, central station notifies police and other agency.
2. Propriety system-this function in the same way as a central station system except the
company owns that or that it is operated and located in the facility.
3. Local alarm system- in this case the sensor activates circuit, which in turn activates a
horn or siren or even flashing lighjt, located in the immediate vicinity of the alarmed
area.
4. Auxiliary system- in this system installation circuits are led into local police or fire
department by lease telephone lines.
 5. Local Alarm by Chance – s system in which the bell or siren is sounded with no
predictable response. The call is purely a matter of chance for a neighbor or passing
patrol car.
6. Dial Alarm System – a system that is set to dial a predetermined number/s when alarm is
activated. The number could be the police, the owner or both.

Three Basic Part of Alarm System

1) Sensor of trigger device

2) Circuit which carries message to the signaling apparatus.
3) Signaling system, sometimes called the annunciator

C. PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

PURPOSES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1. Provides sufficient illumination to the areas during hours of darkness

2. Lightning can help improve visibility so that intruder can be seen and identified and, if
possible apprehended.
3. Lighting also gives that psychological fear and that serve as a deterrent to thieves,
pilferer, trespassers and saboteurs.

IMPORTANCE OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1) Serve as a deterrent to violators

2) Assisting security forces
3) Serve as essential elements of an integrated physical security program

TYPES OF PROTECTIVE LIGHTING

1. Stationary luminary- series of fixed luminaries to flood given area-continuously overlap

a. Glare-projection Type – the intensity is focused to the intruder while the observer
remained in comparative darkness. The lighting is towards of the approach of an
entrance to the installation.
b. Controlled lighting – lighting is focused on the pile of items, rather than the
background. The width of the lighted strip can be adjusted.
2. Standby lighting- turned on manually or physically as needed
3. Movable lighting- - searchlight; supplementary top other types of lighting.
4. Emergency light- this can be utilized in an event of electric failure.

TYPES OF LIGHTING EQUIPMENT

 1. Floodlights- these light project light in concentrated beams. They are appropriate for use
in instances, which call for illumination of boundaries, building or fences.
2. Searchlights- these are highly focused incandescent lamps used to pinpoint potential
trouble spots.
3. Fresnel lights- wide beam units, primary used to extend the illumination in long,
horizontal strips to protect the approaches to the perimeter barrier. Horizontal beam
which is approximately 180 degrees in the horizontal and from 15-30 degrees in the
vertical.
4. Street light- this produces diffused rather than directional beam. It is widely used in
parking areas.

TYPES OF LIGHT LAMP

1) Incandescent Lamp – the most common light bulb in home. Its advantage is the instant
illumination when switch on.
2) Gaseous Discharge Lamp – they require period of 2 -5 minutes to light when they are
cold or even longer period to relight, when hot, after power interruption
a. Mercury Vapor Lamp – Gives blue green color light due to presence of mercury
vapor. Its price is higher than Incandescent, but provides more light
b. Quartz Lamp – it emits very bright white light and snaps on almost as rapidly as
the incandescent lamp. Frequently used in high voltage and excellent for
perimeter and troublesome areas.

D. PROTECTIVE LOCKS AND KEYS

1. Lock- a mechanical, hydraulic or electronic device designed to prevent entry into a
building, room, container or hiding place and prevent the removal of an item without the
consent of the owner.

2. Padlock- a portable and detachable lock having a sliding hasp which passes through a
staple ring and is then made fasten or secured

3. Peterman- a term used in England for lock pickers, safecrackers and penetrators of
restricted areas or rooms

TYPES OF LOCKS

1. Warded Lock – offer very little security, used only to have privacy.
2. Disc tumbler- generally used in car doors, delay afforded is approx.. 10 minutes
3. Lever lock- used in safe and deposit boxes
4. Combination lock- a lock containing series of numbers aligned in proper order before it
will open. Difficult to defeat.
5. Code-operated lock- a lock that is opened by pressing a series of numbers in proper
sequence. Some were equipped to alarm in case a wrong sequence of code was pressed.
 6. Electromagnetic locks- device holding a door closed by magnetism and is able to resist
pressure up to 1,000 pounds
7. Card operated lock- opened through the use of coded cards

TYPES OF KEY

1. Change key- a key to a single lock in a master key system

2. Sub-master key- a key that will open all the locks within a particular area or grouping in a
given facility
3. Master key- a special key capable of opening a series of locks
4. Grand master key- a key that will open everything in a system involving two or more
master key groups

STATUTORY PROHIBITION OF KEY

1) ART 304 RPC. Possession of picklocks or similar tools. — Any person who shall without
lawful cause have in his possession picklocks or similar tools especially adopted to the
commission of the crime of robbery, shall be punished by arresto mayor in its maximum
period to prision correccional in its minimum period.
The same penalty shall be imposed upon any person who shall make such tools. If
the offender be a locksmith, he shall suffer the penalty of prision correccional in its medium
and maximum periods.
2) Art. 305. False keys. — The term "false keys" shall be deemed to include:
1. The tools mentioned in the next preceding articles.

2. Genuine keys stolen from the owner.

3. Any keys other than those intended by the owner for use in the lock forcibly opened by
the offender.

What is the purpose of Key Control?

1. To control the issue, use and storage of keys and reserve key locks
2. To control reproduction of duplicate keys
3. to control lock rotation and or replacement
4. To maintain record on all of the above
5. To ensures proper supervisions of key control measures by responsible persons

SECURITY OR PROTECTIVE CABINET

Ø The final line of defense at any facility where high security storage of paper, records,
plans or cashable instrument, precious metal or any valuable assets are protected.
A. Safe- a metallic container used for safekeeping of documents or small items in an office
or installation
 Ø Atleast 750 lbs anchored. If less than 750 lbs. should be anchored to building
structure.
Ø Atleast 1 inch thick steel
Ø Door atleast 1 ½ thick made of steel
B. Vault- a heavily constructed fire and burglar resistance container, usually a part of the
building structure used to keep and protect cash, documents and negotiable instruments
Ø Should be 6 inches thick made of steel
Ø Vaults floor, ceiling and walls shall have 12 inches thick concrete reinforce
Ø Electrical conduit shall not exceed 1 ½ in Diameter
Ø Should be 4 inches higher from the floor ground
Ø Should not be more than 5000 cubic feet to reduce destroying of too much records
Ø Door must be fire resistive up to 6 hours
C. File room- a cubicle in a building constructed a little heavier than a vault but of bigger
size to accommodate limited people to work on the papers inside.
Ø 12 feet high
Ø Interior cubage should not more than 10,000 cubic feet
Ø Door must be watertight and at least fire proof for 1 hour
Ø Ventilation should be through the door
Ø Supporting structure such as floor, walls and roof shall be fire proof.

SECURITY HAZARD

1. Human Hazard- act or condition caused by humans which affects the safe operation of
the facility. They include sabotage, pilferage, theft and espionage.
2. Natural Hazards – caused by natural phenomena which results to the damage,
disturbances and problems of the normal functions.

FACTORS WHICH DETERMINES THE DEGREE OR RISK TO SECURITY

1. Relative Criticality of Operation- refers to the importance of the installation with

reference to the economy and security.
2. Relative Vulnerability – is the susceptibility of a plant or establishment to damage, loss
or disruption of operation due to various hazards

CLEAR ZONE – is a clear unobstructed area maintained on both side of the perimeter to afford
better observation and patrol movement.

PART II. PERSONNEL SECURITY

PERSONNEL SECURITY- aimed at insuring that a firm hires those employees best suited to
assist the firm in achieving its goal

Personnel security investigation- an inquiry into the character, reputation, integrity and loyalty
of an individual to determine his suitability for appointment or access to classified matters

Background investigation- a check made on individual usually seeking employment through

subject’s records

FACTORS TO BE CONSIDER IN THE CONDUCT OF A BACHGROUND

INVESTOGATION

1. Loyalty
2. Integrity
3. Discretion
4. Moral
5. Character
6. Reputation

Control of authorized entry

1. Screening of personnel
2. Identification of personnel
3. Identification of visitors
4. Control of truck/vehicle
5. Control of packages
6. Container control
:
PERSONNEL CONTROL IDENTIFICATION

2 Types of identification

1. Personal Recognition - is the most effective

2. Artificial Identification - badges, passes etc

PASS OR BADGE SYSTEM

The screening method for personnel authorized to enter a given installation

 1. Single pass system – a badge or pass coded for authorization to enter a specific area
issued to employee who keeps it in his possession until terminated of changed.
2. Pass exchange System – w/c he exchange one-color coded pass at the entrance to the
controlled area for another which he carries different color specifying the limitation of his
authorization.
3. Group Pass System – giving only one ID for one group who enter the installation
4. Multiple Pass System – provides extra measure of security by requiring the exchange to
takes place at the entrance of each restricted areas within the controlled areas.
5. Spot Magnetized Identification Pass – giving automated card used to slide in a coded
operated installation
6. Access list - it contains the names of authorized persons or personnel and is checked
against identification cards such as drivers licenses, draft registration etc

TYPES OF CONTROLLED AREAS

1. Controlled areas – the whole installation. Areas where access is restricted as to entrance
or movement by all authorized personnel of vehicles.
2. Limited Areas – those within the controlled area where a greater degree of security is
required.
3. Exclusive areas – only for storage or handling of high value cargo and classified
documents.

A. VISITORS CONTROL

Visitor control - the measures used would depend on the sensibility of the installation but could
include the following

1. Escort - expensive but most secure

2. Time traveled - if there is a long delay or time lapse between the departure and arrival,
the visitor may be required to show cause for the delay.
3. Visitors logs - should contain identifying data, reasons of visit, time in and hour etc
4. Visitors entrances - separate access for visitors and separate for employees

Utility and maintenance personnel - escort system could be used. If these people visit the
installations on a regular basis some of the systems previously could be used.

Package control - there should be provisions made to check packages being taken in and taken
out.

Photography - extreme caution must be exercised in areas where classified information is

displayed to preclude unauthorized taking of pictures of the installation.
B. VEHICULAR CONTROL AND IDENTIFICATION

Vehicular control and identification

Ø Most common identification is for registering at the headquarters or gates and putting of
sticker on the windows of the vehicles

For visitors, the following systems are used

1. Escort
2. Driver pool - the most secure but the most expensive. In this system, car is driven by
qualified driver employed by the installation from the entrance to its destination and after
the conclusion of the business of the visitor. Car is driven back to the installations
entrance.
3. Time travel - used in less sensitive installations
4. Grid system - a very complicated system. The installation is divided into grid ad squares
like a map. Each square is given a no. or letter designation. The visitor is then given a
map and shown the route to take to his destination and should not deviate from the
prescribed route, otherwise he could be stopped and questioned by the guards.
5. Search of vehicles - sign should be put at the entrance to the installation that any vehicle
entering is subject to search anytime

Close-in Security Formations

1. One Man Security - 360 degrees coverage

2. Two Man Security - Each guard has 180 degrees coverage
3. Three Man Security - has equal areas of coverage
4. Four Man Security
5. Five Man Security - modified diamond
6. Six Man Security - (defensive circle) too much crowd requires arm lock formation.
Note: Six Man Security is the most effective

PART III. DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY

DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY

Ø protecting vital information and documents from competitors and foes

Ø some total of all procedures, doctrine, policies to safeguard and protect the contents and
integrity of all information from compromise and authorized disclosure.
Trade Secret – refers to any formula, device pattern or compilations of information which is
used in one’s business and gives the user advantage over competitor who do not utilizes or know
it.

TYPES OF DOCUMENTS

1. Class I (Vital document)- records that are irreplaceable and reproduction does not have
the same value as the original like those needed to recover cash.
2. Class II (Important documents)- records, the reproduction of which will cause
considerable delay
3. Class III (Useful documents)- records whose lose might cause inconvenience but could
be readily replaced
4. Class IV (Non-essential documents)- daily files that are routine in nature which if even
lost or destroyed will not affect operation or administration

CLASSIFICATION OF DOCUMENT

1. Top Secret (Green) - calls for the utmost degree of protection, Unauthorized revelation of
this materials and information will cause extremely severe damage to the nation,
politically, economically, or militarily
2. Secret (Red) - unauthorized disclosure of this documents or things may put at risk the
national security, cause serious injury to the reputation of the nation.
3. Confidential (Blue) - Unauthorized revelation of which may be injurious to the reputation
of the nation or governmental activity or will cause administrative humiliation or
unnecessary injury.
4. Restricted (Yellow)- this are information which should not be published or
communicated to anyone except for official purposes. These records are daily files,
routine in nature even if lost or destroyed will not affect operation or administration
5 STAGES OF INFORMATION CYCLE

1. Creation
2. Use
3. Storage and Retrieval
4. Transfer
5. Disposition

CHAPTER V. SECURITY MANAGEMENT

PART I. DIFINITION OF TERMS

1. Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate business of providing
private security and detective services.
2. Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include private security
guards, private detectives, security consultants, and security officers
rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by private security
agencies and/or private firms.
3. Protective Security System - are those measures taken by an installation or unit to
protect itself against sabotage, espionage or subversion
4. Private Security Services – shall include the act of providing or rendering services to
watch an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area or property,
to conduct access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually or
scientifically by electronic monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such
area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and protection of persons within such
areas, to maintain peace and order within such areas, to conduct private security training,
and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also include the act of contracting, recruiting,
training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its functions or solicit
individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or
public corporation.
5. Private Detective Services – shall include among others the act of providing personal
security protection, inquiry and information gathering, pre-employment verification and
individual background profiling, providing assistance in civil liability and personal injury
cases, insurance claims and fraud, child custody and protection cases, for the purpose of
assisting in gathering information leading to determination and/or prevention of criminal
acts and/or resolution of legal, financial and personal problems.
6. Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate business of providing
private security and detective services.
7. Private Security Guard (SG) – sometimes called private security guard or watchman
shall include any person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either
a residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas, or property
8. Private Detective (PD) – shall mean any person who does detective work for hire, reward
or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, municipal or city jail guards, and members of
the Philippine National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the
government.
9. Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include private security
guards, private detectives, security consultants, security officers and others that may be
classified later, rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by
private security agencies and/or private firms.
10. Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include government
security guards, detectives, security consultants, security officers and others that may be
classified later, except those of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Municipal or City Jail guards
rendering/ performing security and/or detective services as employed by government
entities.
11. Private Security Agency (PSA) – shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any security guard,
to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or
government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its
security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a
consultant/ trainer to any private or public corporation whose business or transactions
involve national security or interest like the operation and/or management of domestic or
ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports heliports, landing strips etc., or as
consultant on any security related matter, or to provide highly specialized security,
detective and investigation services like gangway security, catering security, passenger
profiling, baggage examination, providing security on board vessels or aircraft, or other
security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve.
12. Private Detective Agency (PDA) – shall mean any person association, partnership, firm or
private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts any private
detective, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or private,
public or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service or those
of his/its detectives, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or as a
consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation or as consultant on any detective
related matter, or to provide highly specialized detective and investigation services, or
other detective needs that SAGSD-CSG may approve.
13. License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by the Chief,
Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative recognizing a person to
be qualified to perform his duties as private security or training personnel.
14. License to Operate (LTO) – is a License Certificate document, issued by the Chief,
Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative, authorizing a person to
engage in employing security guard or detective, or a juridical person to establish,
engage, direct, manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency or private
security agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues or fees as
provided in these Rules and Regulations.
15. Company Guard Force (CGF) – a security force maintained and operated by any private
company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or guard its business
establishment premises, compound or properties.
16. Government Guard Unit (GGU) – a security unit maintained and operated by any
government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained for
the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such government
entity.
17. PNP as used herein shall mean the Philippine National Police, which was organized
pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police Act of
1991.
18. SAGSD as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group Security
Agency and Guard Supervision Division or any other PNP Office that may be designated
later as the primary office for supervision of the implementation of these rules and
regulations.
19. PADPAO refers to the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators, Inc., which is an association of all licensed security agencies and company
security forces.
 20. Duty Detail Order is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually the
private security agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the performance
of private security/detective services duties.

PART II. SECURITY RAANKS, POSITION AND STAFFING PATTERN

STAFFING PATTERN -

1) SECURITY MANAGEMENT STAFF

a. Security Director – agency manager/ chief security officer
b. Security Executive Director – asst. sec. manage/ asst chief sec officer
c. Security Staff Director – staff director and staff direction for administration
2) LINE LEADEARSHIP
a. Security supervisor 3 – detachment commandant
b. Security Supervisor 2 – chief Inspector
c. Security Supervisor 1 - inspector
3) SECURITY GUARD
a. SG 1 – watchman/ guard
b. SG 2 – Shift In-Charge
c. SG 3 –Post In-Charge
4) SECURITY CONSULTANT – optional but must possess all qualification listed in the
RULE III of the RA 5487 IRR.

License Requirement. No person shall be designated nor be allowed to fill-up the positions
enumerated and described in the preceding sections unless he is licensed security personnel as
follows:

a. must at least be a licensed Private Security Officer to occupy Security

b. Management Staff position as Security Director, Security Executive Director, or Security
c. Staff Director;
d. must at least be a licensed Private Security Training Officer to occupy Security
Management Staff position as Security Staff Director for Training; and
e. must at least be a licensed Private Security Guard with Supervisory Training to occupy
any positions in the Line Leadership Staff.

STAFF FUCNTIONS

1) The agency manager is automatically the Security Director who shall be responsible for
the entire operation and administration/management of the security agency. He shall be
the authorized signatory to all Duty Detail Orders, and all other documents and
communications pertinent to the operation and management of a security agency. He may
 delegate certain functions to a subordinate, provided the subordinate is qualified to
discharge the given function in accordance with law.
2) The Assistant Security Agency Manager – is automatically the security executive who
shall assist the Manger and take the operational and administrative mngt. In the absence
of the manager.
3) The Staff Director for Operation is the staff assistant of the security manager for the
efficient operation of the agency. This position includes the responsibility to canvass
clientele and the implementation of contract and agreement. He is also responsible for the
conduct of investigation and the conduct of training.
4) The Staff Director for Administration is the staff assistant of the agency manager for
the effective and efficient administration and management of the agency. He is
responsible for the professionalization of the personal, procurement/recruitment,
confirming of awards, mobility and issuance of FA’s.
5) The Detachment Commander is the field or area commander of the agency. The
Detachment shall consist of several posts.
6) The Chief Inspector shall be responsible for inspecting the entire area covered by the
detachment.
7) Security Inspector is responsible for the area assigned by the Chief Inspector of the
Detachment Commander.
8) Post-in-Charge is responsible for the entire detailed security office within a certain
establishment.
9) Shift in-Charge is responsible for the security officers who are scheduled in a certain
shift for a particular period.
10) Security Guard is the one actually posted as watchman and or guard

MANAGEMENT FUNCTION

1) PLANNING – Forecasting, establishing objectives, programming, scheduling, budgeting

and establishing procedures.
2) LEADING – ensure active participation of subordinates
3) ORGANIZING – arranging works of workers includes developing organizational
structure, delegating and establishing relationship.
4) CONTROLLING – assess and regulates work in progress and assess results. Includes,
establishing performance standards, measuring, evaluating and correcting.

PART III. SECURITY PLANNING

Security Planning- is a corporate and executive responsibility. It involves knowing the

objectives of security and the means and methods to reach those objectives or goals must then be
evolved. In short, security planning is a decision-making process
CONTENTS OF SECURITY PLANNING

1. The situation- this part of security planning explains the historical background of the
organization of its security picture
2. The mission- this part of security will cover what the plan is all about and what it intends
to do, This mission is further subdivided into
a. Purpose
b. Goals
c. Objectives
3. Execution- this part of security plan will explains and outline the concept of the security
project
4. Administrative and Logistics- This part of the security plan involves listing of security
equipment
5. Command and signal- this last portion of the security plan pertains to the channel of
communication needed, when implementing to the project until in full view

PART IV: SECURITY SURVEY

Security Survey- is the process of conducting an exhaustive physical examination and thorough
inspection of all operational systems and procedures to ascertain the facility’s current security
status and to determine the protection needed

Ø Risk analysis
Ø Risk assessment

Key step in a risk assessment process;

Ø to determine value, impact and cost of any asset should it be lost due to natural or man-
made forces
Ø To determine the degree of probability that natural or man-made forces will strike at any
given facility

Purposes of Security Survey

a) To determine existing state of security

b) To locate weaknesses in defenses
c) To determine degree of protection required
d) To produce recommendations, establishing a total security program

Persons responsible to conduct security survey

1. Staff security personnel

 2. Qualified security specialist

SECURITY SURVEY SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS

1. Examine and analyze the site and the organization

2. Ascertain the organization’s current security status
3. Determine the level of protection needed
4. Make recommendation

PLANNING A SECURITY SURVEY

1. Verify the need

2. Obtain organizational support
3. State the surveys objectives
4. Determine how data will be gathered
5. Develop alternatives
6. Prepare a schedule of activities
7. Implement the plans

SURVEY REPORTS – itemizes the condition which are conducive to breaches of security,
records the preventive measures currently in effect, and when required--- makes specific
practical and reasonable recommendations to bring the physical security to the desired standard

PART V: SECURITY INSPECTION

Security Inspection- is a process of conducting physical examination to determine compliance

with established security policies and procedures as a result of a security survey

TYPES OF SECURITY INSPECTION

1. Continuous Inspection – to keep pace with the constant changes in the organization
2. Formal or Informal Inspection – Formal some fanfare is attached and is announced prior
to inspection. While Informal is seriously and quietly executed.
3. Structure or Unstructured Inspection – a systematic inspection using a checklist.

The following areas needs to be inspected, to determine the degree of protection to be applied in
the establishment
 1. Perimeter
2. Building Security
3. Key Control
4. Protective lighting
5. Communication and alarm system
6. Personnel identification and control
7. Vehicular identification and control
8. Safety for personnel
9. Adequacy of existing guard forces

PART VI: SECURITY EDUCATION

SECURITY EDUCATION SEVEN PHASES

1. Initial interview – to impart security concerns, its importance to the company and the
penalties if violation occurred.
2. Training conference – conducted in the training period.
3. Refresher conference – is reminds individual of their job responsibility and serve as
forum to resolve security problem and explain new rules and regulation.
4. Security Reminder – memo, announcement, poster etc
5. Security Promotion –
6. Special Interview – conducted with aide of senior company officials to facilitate
compliance by means of example.
7. Debriefing – serves to place the person on special notice of his continuing responsibility
to protect classified information which he has knowledge.

CATEGORIES OF PRIVATE SECURITY TRAINING (sec 5 RA 5487 IRR)

1. Pre-Licensing Training Programs. It includes but is not limited to the

a. Basic Security Guard Course,
b. Security Officers Training Course
c. Private Security Agency Operators Training/Seminar,
d. Private Security Training Trainors’ Course.
2. Refresher Training Programs. This shall refer to periodic and non-periodic training
programs and courses designed with the objective of reinvigorating and/or developing
basic skills and knowledge gained previously or gained while in the exercise of his/her
profession as a matter of experience, to enhance current in-service and future individual
and/or collective exercise of profession. This includes mandated periodic in-service
training to be initiated by employer-security agencies which is further a prerequisite for
the renewal of individual professional security licenses.
a. Re- Training Course
b. Basic Security Supervisory Course, and
c. Security Supervisor Development Course.
 3. Specialized Training Programs. This shall refer to training program and courses other
than those described in the preceding categories designed at developing previously-
gained skills and knowledge, designed at augmenting or expanding current skills and
knowledge, and/or designed at developing current skills and knowledge to suit identified
future applications. It includes but is not limited to
a. Intelligence/Investigator Training Course,
b. Basic Crises Management Course,
c. Personal/VIP Security Training Course,
d. Armoured Car Crew Training Course,
e. Bomb Disposal Training Course,
f. Bank Security Training Course, and
g. Basic Aviation Security Specialist Course.

TYPES OS SECURITY TRAINING PROGRAM

1. General Seminar – effective to by employee classification such as first Aide,

Marksmanship etc.
2. Interrogation workshop – principles and techniques of interrogation
3. Testifying in Court – appear in court as eye witness/ court demonstration observation
including the preparation of evidence
4. Report Writing Work Shop
5. Supervisory Training – like how to handle disciplinary problems.

PART VII: SECURITY HAZARDS

Security Hazard- is any act or condition, which may result in the compromise of information,
loss of life, loss or destruction of property, or disruption of the objectives of the installations

Types of Security Hazards

1) Natural Hazards- types of hazard, which the mere cause is the natural phenomenon. Ex.
Storm, earthquake, typhoons, floods, fire, lighting etc
2) Human/Manmade Hazard - which is actually the act of omission or commission both
overt/convert by an individual or group of an individual? Ex. Espionage and sabotage-
because of the state of mind of an individual
Pilferage- Petty theft

Ø one of the most annoying and common human hazard

Ø These activity must be immediately put in control

Types of pilferage
 1) Casual pilferage- one who steal due to inability to resist the unexpected opportunity or
has little fear that there is detection
2) Systematic pilferage – one who steal with preconceived plan and take away things for all
types of goods, supplies or merchandise. for economic gain

Limiting factors of pilferage

1) Value of the item- very expensive

2) Ease of concealment – easy to cover
3) Transportation

KLEPTOMANIAC – The person who is fond of getting the property of other people. There is
satisfaction on the part of the person committing a crime

Theft- is committed by any person who with intent to gain but without violence against or
intimidation of persons nor force upon things shall take personal property of another without the
latter’s consent

Simple theft- without violation of trust and confidence

Qualified Theft – taking the property of another with violation of trust and
confidence. Example: maid, houseboy, salesgirl, or employees or any person that the victim has
trusted.

Shoplifter- is those people or somebody who gets the things or property displayed in the store
without payment

ESPIONAGE- an act of gathering information

Espion – French word- which means spy

- This is used to estimate or determine the best possible means of sabotage.

Spy – is the agent of Espionage. They are very dangerous because of their skill in deception and
undercover works.

METHODS USED BY THE AGENTS OF ESPIONAGE.

1) Stealing or buying information from the employees.
2) By using various forms of threats or extorting information’s.
3) By means of blackmail.
4) Obtaining or gaining information from social gathering.
5) By the use of fake organization as a front.
 6) Stealing records or documents.
7) By means of subversive activities.

SABOTAGE – is an act of destroying, damaging or any evil motives that will lead to stoppage of
the normal operation of the company, factory, plant and or establishment.
Sabot- French word – that means Wooden Slipper.

POSSIBLE TARGET OF SABOTAGE

1. Armed forces Installation
2. Natural resources, mines forest, farm products
3. Industries, buildings, power sources, machinery fuels
4. Warehouse, depots, communication, public Utilities

Saboteur – is the agent of sabotage.

3 types of Saboteur
1) Enemy agent
2) Traitorous person
3) Irresponsible person

Types of Sabotage
1) Mechanical Sabotage
2) Psychological Sabotage

Mechanical Sabotage – is an act wherein they used the object or substance within the area of an
establishment.

Types of Mechanical Sabotage

1) Contamination – is a type where they used foreign materials to apply in the
establishment.
2) Breakage – destroying the vital parts of a machine.
3) Substitution – Substitution or changing of formula to another, which will cause damage
or destructions.
4) Omission – this is committed by means of a doing by an individual, which can cause
destruction inside of the company or establishment.
5) Abrasive – a special type of contamination, by using a type of material that will grind
metals.
6) Explosives – substances that are easily exploded by means of heat, friction, jarring or
sparks. They are highly dangerous because of its damaging effect.

Reasons Why Explosives becomes popular to the Saboteurs;

1) Because of devastating or damaging effect.
2) Because of the availability of delaying devices/detonator.
3) Evidence will disappear and very hard to find.

Types of Explosives: According to their sensitivity.

 1. Low Intensity Explosives – It is very sensitive to heat. It can be exploded by means of
fire, friction or spark.
2. High Intensity Explosives – is detonated by means of shock, jarring or shake. These are
from liquid.

Types of High Intensity Explosives;

1. Dynamite – from liquid it is manufactured and usually homemade and popularly used by
illegal fisherman and miners.
2. TNT (Trinitrotoluene) – popular in the military.
3. Plastic Explosives
4. Molotov Bomb
5. Stench Bomb – Chemical that is carried out by the racketeers and with disagreeable odor.

Nitro-glycerin – contains of nitro-acid, sulfuric acid and glycerin.

Types of Stench Bomb

1. Zinc Valerate – mix with alcohol, ether or warm water and place it in a vial or bottle.
(White Powder) Valeriana Acid – white crystal – Valeriana Officinales
2. Butyric Acid - double fermentation of sugar and milk.
3. Hydrogen Sulfide – it has a rotten eggs, or rotten fish smell or odor.

Arson – is the malicious burning of one’s property.

Objectives:
1. Fraud- losing- by burning the property they can recover from losing.
2. Revenge/Spite
3. Pyromaniac- a person who is fond of looking fire

Combustion- a chemical process by which the heat and flame will comes out.

Causes of fire
1) Flame
2) Gas or Electricity
3) Chemicals Heat of the sun
4) Bacteria
5) Spark

Subversive activities- dealing with the weakness of a person.

Economic sabotage- activities of the business establishment against the government.

Objectives of Subversive activities:

Ø Is to determine the authority, to under weaken the organization in order that they can
manage or take over the organization.

Parts of Subversive activities:

 1. Rumor mongering
2. Propaganda
3. Legal Action
4. Arm threats – used of force
5. Murder, Kidnapping, corruption of a certain employee or employees

Riot- refers to the unlawful assembly that resulted to violent disturbance of peace.

Causes of riot:
1. Panic
2. Strike
3. Mob- a promiscuous multitude of people, rude and disorderly.

Types of mob:
1. Aggressive mob
2. Escape mob
3. Acquisitive mob
4. Expressive mob

Crowd – Temporary congregation of people.

Types of crowd:
1. Physical crowd – temporary congregation of people without interest
2. Psychological crowd- temporary congregation of people with common interest in a
certain thing.
a. Casual psychological – common interest only for short duration
b. International Psychological- common interest in a long duration

CHAPTER VI: SECURITY LICENSES

SECURITY LICENSE
1. LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO)
2. LICENSE TO EXERCISE PROFESION

LICENSE TO OPERATE (LTO) CAN BE ISSUED TO

a. Private Security/Detective Agency LTO. License certificate issued to persons,
corporations, associations, partnerships whose primary purpose is to provide/offer
commercial private security and/or detective services for hire, commission or
compensation.
b. Company Guard Force LTO. License certificate issued to persons, corporations,
associations, partnerships not doing business nor organized purposely or principally as a
private security guard or detective agency who/which is utilizing for its security purpose
any of his/its employees to render private security or detective services.
c. Government Guard Unit Certificate of Registration (CR). License certificate issued
to national or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or of
 government-owned or controlled corporation not doing business nor organized purposely
or principally as a private security guard or detective agency who/which is utilizing for its
purpose any of his/its employees to render private security or detective services.

TYPE OF LICENSE TO EXERCISE SECURITY PROFESION

1. Regular LTO – after complying with licensing requirements which is
a. 200 security personnel for Private Security Agency (PSA),
b. 30 for Company Guard Force (CGF) or Private Detective Agency (PDA).
c. Maximum personnel shall be 1000 employee.
2. Temporary LTO – initial and conditional issuance to new private security agencies and to
PSAs holding regular LTO not able to maintain the minimum number of security
personnel or conform to standards,

KABIT SYSTEM” (Sec 3 par.h RA 5487)

Ø No licensed security agency shall operate, promote and enter into an agreement of
“merger“ (kabit system) with any person or a group of persons for the purpose of
organizing a branch unit or subsidiary under separate control and ownership.

Any of the following circumstances or a combination thereof shall be considered prima-facie

evidence of the existence of “Kabit System”.

a. Maintaining a separate branch, unit or subsidiary office aside from the main office of
the agency situated within the same locality;
b. Receiving direct payments from the agency’s clientele and issuing officials receipt of
their own distinct from that issued by the agency concerned;
c. Remitting directly Social Security System premiums, Medicare contributions and
other premium for other policy insurance benefits by the aforementioned branch, unit
or subsidiary office;
d. Existence of an agreement between the licensee and a branch manager thereof,
whereby the latter obligates himself to pay a certain percentage of his income to the
former on the condition that the control and supervision of the guards posted by said
branch shall course on the manager thereof and that the licensee shall be exempt from
liabilities/ obligations attendant to the operation of said branch.
e. Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the branch employees signed and/or
approved by the branch manager only;
f. Absence of record of monthly income remittances to the main office when said
branch is authorized to make collections from the clients of the licensee; and
g. All other similar acts tending to show separate and distinct relationship/ personality/
ownership/ management.

APPROVAL, CANCELLATION AND SUSPENSION OF LTO

1. Approval of New Regular LTO CPNP
2. Cancellation of Regular LTO CPNP
 c. Re-instatement of Regular LTO CPNP
d. Suspension of Regular LTO CPNP
e. Renewal of Regular LTO DCSG
f. Approval of Temporary LTO DCSG
g. Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO DCSG
h. Cancellation of Temporary LTO DCSG
i. Suspension of Temporary LTO DCSG

RENEWAL OF LICENSE

a. Deadline for Filing and Late Filing. The deadline for filing of applications for renewal of
License to Exercise Profession shall be sixty (60) days prior to the month of the expiry
date. Applications filed/accepted thereafter shall be penalized for late filing.
b. Failure to file for renewal. The Licenses to Exercise Profession of those who fail to file
renewal applications SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE CANCELLED upon expiry.
c. Renewal of license to exercise profession shall also be filed with SAGSD, CSG, Camp
Crame, Quezon City or through the Firearms, Explosives, Security Agencies and
Guards Section (FESAGS), Regional Operation and Plans Division (ROPD) of the
Police Regional Office concerned after the completion of the required retraining and
requirements for renewal of license.

BASIC REQUIREMENTS OF PRIVATE SECURITY PERSONNEL -

a. Filipino citizen;
b. Not be less than eighteen (18) years of age.
c. Must have taken a private security course/seminar and/or must have adequate training or
experience in security business or rendering security/detective services;
d. Of good moral character and must not have been convicted of any crime or violation of
these rules and regulations carrying a penalty of prohibition to be licensed; and
e. Must be physically and mentally fit.

QUALIFICATIONS A PRIVATE SECURITY GUARD

a. Filipino citizen;
b. High school graduate;
c. Physically and mentally fit;
d. Not less than eighteen (18) years of age nor more than fifty (50) years of age (for new
applicants and SGs in non-supervisory position); and
e. Has undergone a pre-licensing training course or its equivalent.

QUALIFICATIONS FOR SECURITY OFFICER.

a. Filipino citizen;
b. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;

c. Physically and mentally fit; and

d. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent.

QUALIFICATIONS OF SECURITY CONSULTANTS.

a. Filipino citizen;
b. Physically and mentally fit;
c. Holder of a Master’s degree in either Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,
Industrial Security Administration, or Law;
d. Must have at least ten (10) years’ experience in the operation and management of security
business.

QUALIFICATIONS OF A PRIVATE DETECTIVE

a. Filipino citizen;
b. Physical and mentally fit;
c. Holder of a baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of laws or Bachelor of Science in
Criminology;
d. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by the Philippine National Police or
the National Bureau of Investigation or any police training school, or a detective training
in any authorized/recognized training center;
e. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent.

EXEMPTIONS FROM BASIC PRE-LICENSING TRAINING.

a. Veterans and retired military/police personnel or those honorably discharged

military/police personnel possessing all the qualifications, but shall not however be
exempted from taking the refresher training courses or its equivalent.
b. Likewise, graduates of ROTC advance (or its equivalent in the PNP) Training graduates
shall be exempted from the required Basic-licensing Training/Seminar.
c. All licensed security personnel must undergo in-service re-training at least once in every
two (2) years preferably two months before his/her birth month. The certificate of in-
service training shall be a prerequisite among others, for the renewal of license to
exercise profession.

TENURE OF SECURITY PERSONNEL. - The tenure of security personnel shall be co-

terminus with the service contract between the PSA and the client.
Services of any security personnel shall be terminated on the following grounds:

a. Expiration of contract;
b. Revocation of license to exercise profession;
c. Conviction of a crime or offense involving moral turpitude;
d. Loss of trust and confidence;
f. Physical and mental disability; and
g. Violation of the pertinent rules and regulations promulgated by the PNP.

CHAPTER VII: FIRE ARM

KINDS OF FIREARMS LICENSES

(Poliquit, NB & Go, RD, 1998, page 218 – 219)

1. Regular License (RL) – is issued to private individuals for their personal firearm and to
security agencies/company guard forces for firearms to be used by their security guards;
2. Special Permit (SP) – issued to government officials and employees for privately owned
firearms;
3. Long Regular License (LRL) – issued to private firms, establishments, or corporations
for firearms to be used and being used by their employees, excluding security guards;
4. Short Regular License (SRL) – issued to private employee who was issued by his
employer a firearm covered by LRL.
5. Long Certificate of Registration (LCR) – issued to government agencies or offices and
government owned and controlled corporations for firearms to be used by their officials
and employees, excluding security guards; and
6. Short Certificate of Registration (SCR) – issued to government official or employee who
was issued by his employer a firearm covered by LCR.

Note: Firearm Licenses are valid for 2 years. Notify the PNPFED of any change of names,
addresses. Make sure that you have the necessary transport permit for your firearm if you are
moving domicile.

License to Own and Possess Firearms (LTOPF) – refers to a written authority granted
by the Chief, PNP through the Chief, FEO to a qualified individual for him/her to own and
possess a firearm in accordance with the RA 10591 IRR

CARRY AND TRANSPORT OF FIREARMS

(PSBRC module II. Police tactical responses)

1. Transport Permit (TP) – refers to a written authority issued to a licensed citizen or entity
by the Chief of the PNP or by a PNP Regional Director which entitles such person or entity
 to transport a particular firearm from and to a specific location within the duration and
purpose in the authority.
2. Transport Permit for Gun Club Members – a written authority issued to PNPFED
accredited gun club members for the purpose of transporting unloaded firearms and
ammunition from residence to firing ranges and vice versa. A maximum duration of 90
days is granted to gun club members.
3. License to Possess Firearm and Ammunition – a written authority for a person to possess
in his residence a licensed firearm and an authorized quantity of ammunition.
4. Permit to Carry Firearm outside Residence (PTCFOR) – a written authority issued to
any person by the Chief of Philippine National Police (PNP) that entitles a person to carry
his licensed or lawfully issued firearms outside residence for the duration and purpose
specified therein.

Hunting Permit (HP) – a written authority issued to individuals for the purpose of
transporting unloaded firearms and ammunition to hunt in legal hunting grounds. These
individuals are required to coordinate with the local PNP unit or barangay of their activity prior
to issuance of such permit.
Duty Detail Order (DDO) – a written order or schedule issued by a superior officer to his
subordinate/s assigning to the latter the performance of a specific task/s within or outside his
official station which is a part of his regular duties, usually requiring completion within 24 –
hour period. In security service, the document contains the names of the guard assigned in a
particular post, with the specific firearms and serial number they are authorized to handle.
Mission Order – a written directive or order issued by a competent authority to persons who
are under his supervision and control for a definite purpose or objective during a specified
period and place as therein mentioned.
Note: No Mission order shall be issued to civilian agent authorizing the same to carry
firearm outside residence unless he is included in the regular plantilla of the government agency
involved in the law enforcement agency. Further, the civilian agents must be included in a specific
law enforcement, police, intelligence project or special project which specifically requires the use
of firearms to ensure its accomplishment and that the project is duly approved by the PNP Regional
Command or its equivalent and major services of the AFP and NBI or higher command.

TYPES OF LICENSES issued to individual s as to number of firearm (art 3 section RA 10591)

a. Type 1 license – allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of two (2) registered
firearms;
b. Type 2 license – allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of five (5) registered
firearms;
c. Type 3 license – allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of ten (10) registered
firearms;
d. Type 4 license – allows a citizen to own and possess a maximum of fifteen (15)
registered firearms; and
 e. Type 5 license – allows a citizen, who is a certified gun collector, to own and possess
more than fifteen (15) registered firearms.

For Types 1 to 5 licenses, a vault or a container secured by lock and key or other security
measures for the safekeeping of firearms shall be required.

For Types 3 to 5 licenses, the citizen must comply with the inspection and bond
requirements

USE OF FIREARMS OF AN AGENCY

a. The number of firearms shall not exceed one (1) firearm for every two (2) security guard
in its employ.
b. No private security agency/private detective agency/company security force/government
security unit shall be allowed to possess firearms in excess of 500 units.

AUTHORIZED FIREARMS TO BE USED BY THE SECURITY AGENCY

a) Cal 38 either pistol or revolver

b) Cal 22 either rifle or revolver
c) 12 gauge shotgun

WHAT IS THE EXCEMPTION TO THE AUTHORIZED FIRE ARM

Ø when such entities are operating in areas where there is an upsurge of lawlessness and
criminality as determined by the Chief, PNP, Police Regional Office Regional Director or
their authorized representative but shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total number
of security guards of watchmen in its employ

RESTRICTION IN THE CARRYING OF FIREARM

1. Should be carried by the security guard only during his tour of duty
2. Guard must be in proper uniform
3. Shall be carried only within the compound of the establishment

EXCEMPTION ON THE RESTRICTION IN CARRYING OF FIREARM

1. When escorting big amount of cash or valuables outside its jurisdiction

2. When guard has a special permit to carry firearm outside the compound
3. When the mission demands immediate movement without first securing special permit
with notice to the PNP
 SOSIA – refers to the Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation Agencies of the
Philippine National Police

The Duty Detail Order (DDO) shall be signed by the authorized firearm bonded custodian and the
operations officer that authorizes the company guard force and/or security guard/s with License to
Exercise Security Profession (LESP) issued by SOSIA to possess and use a firearm registered to
and owned by his/her employer in line with or in the performance of his/her assigned task/duty.

The Duty Detail Order (DDO) of LGU shall be signed by the Local Chief Executive, Chief of
Police/Provincial Director and authorized bonded firearm custodians, that authorizes the following
to possess and use firearm/s registered to and owned by LGU in line with or in the performance of
his/her assigned task/duty:

a) Security officer with Civil Service Commission (CSC)-approved plantilla position

assigned in the supervision of the security personnel of the LGU;
b) Security officer with CSC-approved plantilla position assigned in the supervision and
security of facilities owned by LGU;
c) Security officer with CSC-approved plantilla position in charge with the security of the
Local Chief Executive; and
d) Security officer with CSC-approved plantilla position assigned to secure the financial
resources of the LGU.

VALIDITY OF DUTY DETAIL ORDER (DDO) IN TRANSPORTING FIREARM

a. DDOs for transporting agency licensed firearms from agency vault/office to post and
back for posting, for routine rotation, replacement of firearms or for conduction service
duties, shall be issued for not more than a duration of twenty-four (24) hours;
b. DDOs for requiring transport of firearms outside of the physical compound or property of
a client or client establishment/firm shall be issued for not more than a thirty (30) day
duration;

DDOs shall indicate the following:

1. Name, address and telephone number of agency

2. Issue serial number and date of DDO
3. Complete name and designation of grantee
4. Purpose
5. Inclusive dates of detail
6. Firearms description and license number
7. Authorized uniform to be used
 8. Other specific instructions/remarks
9. Signature and designation of issuing officer

JUSTIFICATION FOR CONFISCATION OF FIREARMS

a. When the firearm is about to be used in the commission of a crime;

b. When the firearm is actually being used in the commission of crime;
c. When the firearm has just been used in the commission of a crime;
d. When the firearm being carried by the security guard is unlicensed or a firearm not
authorized by law and regulation for his use;
e. When the confiscation of the firearm is directed by the order of the court;
f. When the firearm is used or carried outside the property, compound or establishment
serviced by the agency without proper authority; or
g. When a security guard does not possess any license to exercise his profession.

DISPOSITION OF CONFISCATED FIREARMS.

Ø By any law enforcement officer authorized by law effecting the confiscation of firearm
Ø Shall inform the Chief, Philippine National Police thru the CSG within twenty-four (24)
hours after such confiscation.
Ø The firearm shall be turned over immediately to the nearest Philippine National Police
unit/station
Ø The PNP Unit shall be responsible for the conveyance of same to the FED, CSG
Ø When charges have been filed against the suspect, the firearm shall be turned over to the
concerned court.

REVOCATION OF LICENSE. License to possess firearm may be revoked under any of the
following instances:

a. Failure to submit any issued firearm for verification as required.

b. Carrying of firearms by security personnel without appropriate Duty Detail Order (DDO).
c. When the firearm serial number has been duplicated on another firearm or using one
firearms license for more than one firearm other than those stipulated in the license.
d. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in the permit or in places prohibited under
the law; or
e. Conviction of the operator or manager of the agency of any crime.
f. When the firearm was reported lost.

STOCKING OF AMMUNITION.

1. Shall not exceed a basic load of fifty (50) rounds of ammunition per unit of duly licensed
firearms.
 2. Individual issue to each security guard shall be limited to one half of such basic load or
twenty five (25) rounds for every security guard.

RENEWAL OF FIREARM LICENSES AND REGISTRATION

1. All types of licenses to own and possess a firearm shall be renewed every two (2) years
within six (6) months before the birthdate of the licensee. Failure to renew the license on
or before the birthdate shall cause the revocation of the license and of the registration of
the firearm/s under said license.
2. The registration of the firearm shall be renewed every four (4) years within six (6)
months before its expiration. Failure to renew the registration of the firearm on or before
the expiration of its registration shall cause the revocation of the registration of the
firearm and the same shall be subject to revocation proceedings

INVESTIGATION OF CASES

Complaint.

a. It shall be written in clear, simple and concise language and in a systematic manner as to
apprise the respondent of the nature of the charge against him and to enable him to
prepare his defense.
b. How Initiated – It can be initiated by any of the following:
1. The Chief, PNP, Director, CSG, Regional Director or through their respective
representative through an Official Report or Memorandum showing the acts or
omissions allegedly committed;
2. The Chief, SAGSD, CSG or Chief, Regional FESAGS or any of their authorized
representative through an Official Report showing the acts or omissions arising from
the results of inspection conducted by any of the Branches or Sections of SAGSD,
CSG or Regional FESAGS; or
3. Upon sworn and verified complaint of any person, accompanied by sworn statements
of witnesses and other pieces of evidence in support of the complaint.
c. Grounds for Filing the Administrative Complaint – Any act or omission in violation of
the Revised Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act No. 5487, as amended
may constitute a ground for filing the complaint.
1. the full name and address of the complainant;
2. the full name and address of the respondent as well as the position and office of
employment;
3. specification of charges; and
4. a narration of relevant and material facts which show the acts or omissions
constituting the offense allegedly committed by the respondent.
a. Venue – Any complaint may be filed with the Complaint and Investigation Section,
SAGSD, CSG for acts or omissions committed in the National Capital Region.
In all other cases, complaint shall be filed with the Regional FESAGS where the complainant’s
workplace or the respondent’s principal office is located.

DUTIES DURING STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS

a. All private security personnel in direct confrontation with strikers, marchers, or

demonstrators shall not carry firearms. They may, at best, carry only night sticks (batuta)
which may or may not be provided with tear gas canister and dispensers. Private security
personnel of strike-bound establishments not in direct confrontation with the strikers may
carry in the usual prescribed manner their issued firearms.
b. Private security personnel shall avoid direct contact, either physically or otherwise, with
the strikers.
c. Private security personnel shall stay only within the perimeter of the installation which
they are protecting at all times.
d. Private security personnel, in protecting and securing the assets and persons of their
clients, shall use only sufficient and reasonable force necessary to overcome the risk or
danger posed by strikers or hostile crowds.
e. Private security personnel shall refrain from abetting or assisting acts of management
leading to physical clash of forces between labor and management. These hostile acts
include breaking of the strike; smuggling in of scabs and preventing strikers from
conducting peaceful pickets.
f. Private security personnel shall not enforce the provisions of the Revised Labor Code
pertaining to strikers/lockouts.
g. Private security personnel on duty must at all times be in complete uniform with their
names and agency’s name shown on their shirts above the breast pockets.