The Piano Keyboard: A A B FG e e FG D D C C CD B

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16 pitch

The piano keyboard see also

‹ 14–15 High and low


Clefs 20–21 ›
To understand note names and octaves, it is helpful to look at
a piano keyboard. The pattern of white keys and black keys
Sharps and flats
Keyboards
48–51 ›
180–181 ›
explains a lot about how pitch is organized.

The piano keyboard real world

The distinctive pattern of black keys—grouped Grand piano


alternately in twos and threes—marks out the
octaves. Each octave has seven white keys—A B C The piano is the most versatile
D E F G—and five black keys. A full-sized keyboard of instruments, and many
usually has around seven octaves. The central C on string, brass, and wind players
the keyboard is called Middle C, and this is a fixed like to learn it as a second
point of reference, which is important when music instrument. Unlike most wind
is written down in notation. and string instruments, it can
play several notes at the same
time—for instance a melody
plus chordal accompaniment.

The black keys occur in twos and threes.


This pattern marks out the octaves, and 1
enables us to locate the white keys.

C d e F G a B C d e F G a B C d
△ The piano The white key between The C nearest the
With its unique layout, the piano the two black keys 2 middle of a full-size
is a useful instrument for learning grouped in twos is keyboard is called
always D. C is always the Middle C.
music theory. The relationships white key just below
between the notes, especially the these two black keys.
white and black keys, is made clear.

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