WEBINAR MATEMATIK

TAMBAHAN:
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
By: Teacher Norhafizah bt Mohamed Yusoff
MRSM Kuala Terengganu
 “Success is not final,
failure is not fatal: it is
the courage to
continue that counts”
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

01
5.1 Random Variable

02
5.2 Binomial Distribution
5.3 Normal Distribution

03
 01
RANDOM
VARIABLE

02
03
 • Describe the meaning of
random variable.
• Compare and contrast discrete
random variable and
continuous random variable.
LEARNING • Describe the meaning of
STANDARDS probability distribution for
discrete random variables.
• Construct table and draw
graph of probability distribution
for discrete random variable.
 5.1.1 Random variable
A random variable is a variable with numeric values
that can be determined from a random phenomenon

Discrete random variable

-Random variable that have countable numbers of values
-Usually taking values like zero and positive integers
-Example: X is a random variable which represent number of white
car among 3 cars in the parking lot
- Written as X = {0,1, 2, 3 }

Continuous random variable

-Random variable that are not integers
-Take values that lies in interval
-Example: Y represent the weight in kg obtained from students at MRSM P.
-Written as Y = {40 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ 80}
5.1.2 Discrete random variable and continuous random
variable
SITUATION Type of
random written as
variable

A fair dice is thrown three times, given X is a

random variable which represents the number of DISCRETE X = { 0, 1, 2, 3 }
times to get the number 4

The shortest building in Seroja city is 3 m while

CONTINUOUS X = { 3 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 460}
the tallest is 460 m. X represents the heights of
the buildings located in the city of Seroja.

Six prefects are randomly selected from pupils

of Form 5. X represents the number of prefects DISCRETE X = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 }
who wear glasses.
Probability distribution for discrete
random variables

Their respective
If X is a discrete Then
probabilities are
random variable P(X =0)+ P(X =1)+
with the values
P(X =0), P(X =1),
P(X =2)+ P(X =3)+
=1
P(X =2), P(X =3),
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. P(X =4)+ P(X = 5)
P(X =4), P(X = 5)
 (a) X = { 0, 1, 2 }
Example 1 :
X= r
In 2016, it was found that (b)
38% of the cars purchased w 0.38 { w, w } 2
by Malaysians were white. 0.38
If two buyers were w
w' 0.62 { w, w’ }
selected at random and X 1
represents the number of w 0.38 { w’, w } 1
white car’s buyers w'
0.62

(a) state the set of X, w' 0.62 { w’, w’ } 0

X=r 0 1 2
(b) draw a tree diagram and determine the P (X = r ) 0.3844 0.4712 0.1444
probability distribution of X.
= 𝑃 𝑤′, 𝑤′
= 0.62 × 0.62 = 𝑃 𝑤, 𝑤
′ ′
= 𝑃 𝑤, 𝑤 +𝑃 𝑤 , 𝑤= 0.38 × 0.38
= 2(0.38 × 0.62)
 Table and graph of probability
distribution for discrete random variable

Given X = {0, 1, 2, 3} is a discrete random variable P (X = r)

that represents the number of computers in an
office together with their respective probability 0.5 -

functions as shown in the table below, Draw the 0.4 -

probability distribution graph for X.
0.3 -

X=r 0 1 2 3 0.2 -
P(X=r) 0.2 0.35 0.3 0.15
0.1 -

r
0 1 2 3
 BINOMIAL

02
DISTRIBUTION

03
 • Describe the meaning of binomial
distribution.
• Determine the probability of an event
for binomial distribution.
LEARNING • Interpret information, construct
table and draw graph of binomial
STANDARDS distribution.
• Determine and describe the value of
mean, variance and standard
deviation for a binomial distribution
• Solve problems involving binomial
distributions
 Bernoulli Trials

The characteristics of Bernoulli trials are as follows:

▨ There are only two possible outcomes, namely ‘success’ and

‘failure’.

▨ The chances of ‘success’ are always the same in every trial.

▨ If the probability of ‘success’ is given by p, then the

probability of ‘failure’ is given by q; (1 – p).
 Binomial distribution

An experiment which is made up of n similar Bernoulli trials

is known as a binomial experiment.

X ~ B(n, p)
n – number of trials
p – probability of success
Probability of an event for binomial distribution.

▨ r = represents the number of

‘success’

▨ n = independent trials of an
experiment

▨ p = the probability of ‘success’

▨ q = 1 – p as the probability of
‘failure’
 Probability of an event for binomial distribution

Example 2 :

In an examination, 70% of the students

Info: p = 0.7 , q = 0.3 , n = 8
passed. If a sample of 8 students is Question need: P(X = 6)=?
Solution:
randomly selected, find the probability
P(X = 6) = ( 8𝐶6 )(0.76) (0.32 )
that 6 students from the sample passed
= 0.2965
the examination.
Constructing table, drawing graph and INTERPRETING
information of binomial distribution
Example 3:
The diagram on the right shows a binomial
distribution graph for the discrete random variable X.

(a) State all the possible outcomes of X.

Answer: X = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }

(b) Find the value of m from the graph.

P(X =0) + P(X =1) + P(X =2) + P(X =3) + P(X =4) + P(X = 5) = 1
1 1 5 1
𝑚 + + 𝑚 + 2𝑚 + + =1
4 9 36 36
13 13
𝑚=
4 18
2
𝑚=
9
Constructing table, drawing graph and INTERPRETING
information of binomial distribution
Example 3:
The diagram on the right shows a binomial
distribution graph for the discrete random variable X.

(c) Find the percentage for P(X > 2).

P(X > 2) = P(X =3) + P(X =4) + P(X = 5)

4 5 1
= + +
9 36 36
11
= // 0.6111
18
∴ 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑃 𝑋 > 2 = 0.6111 × 100%
= 61.11%
The value of mean, variance and standard deviation for a binomial distribution.

Mean, μ = 𝑛𝑝

Variance, 𝜎 2 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞

Standard deviation, 𝜎 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞

▨ n = independent trials of an
experiment

▨ p = the probability of
‘success’

▨ q = 1 – p, as the probability of
‘failure’
 Solving problems involving binomial distributions

Example 4: Mean, μ = 𝑛𝑝

Standard deviation, 𝜎 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞

The probability that Ali scored a goal from
a penalty kick in a soccer practice is t. Ali ▨ Info: p=t μ= 60 𝜎 =6

attempts n penalty kicks and the number of ▨ Question need: t=?,n=?

goals is recorded. Given that the mean and ▨ Solution: 60 = 𝑛𝑡------ eq1
6 = 𝑛𝑡𝑞----- eq 2
the standard deviation of the number of
Substitute eq1 to eq 2: 6 = 60 𝑞
goals scored are 60 and 6 respectively, find 36 = 60 q
0.6 = q
the value of t and of n. t = p = 0.4
nt = 60
n (0.4) = 60
n = 150
 Solve problem related to Binomial
Example 5:
Farah made 5 attempts in an archery practice. The
probability that Farah strikes the target in an attempt ▨ Info: n=5 p = 0.7 q = 0.3
is 0.7. It is given that X is a discrete random ▨ Question need: a) X = { ? }
variable that represents the number of times Farah b) P(X ≥ 2)
▨ Solution:
strikes the target.
a) X = { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }
(a) List all the elements of X.
b) P(X ≥ 2)
= P(X= 2)+ P(X=3)+ P(X=4)+ P(X=5)
(b) Calculate the probability that Farah strikes the = 1 – P(X = 0) – P(X = 1)
target at least 2 times. = 1 − ( 5𝑐0 )(0.70 )(0.35 ) − ( 5𝑐1 )(0.71 )(0.34 )
= 1 – 0.00243 – 0.02835
= 0.96922
COMMON TIPS FOR BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
𝐶0 = 1 𝐶𝑛 = 1 𝐶1 = 𝑛 𝑎0 = 1

Notes:
➢ Less than <
➢ At most// not more than// Does not exceed ( ≤ )
➢ More than ( > )
➢ At least// not less than ( ≥ )
 NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

03
 • Investigate and describe the
properties of normal distribution
graph.
• Describe the meaning of standard
LEARNING normal distribution.
• Determine and interprete standard
STANDARDS score, Z.
• Determine the probability of an
event for normal distribution.
• Solve problems involving normal
distributions.
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION

X ~ N( 𝜇, 𝜎 2 )

𝝁 – mean
𝝈𝟐 - variance
The properties of normal distribution graph
Important features of a normal
distribution function graph are:
• The curve is bell-shaped and is
symmetrical about a vertical line that
passes through the mean, μ .
• The curve has a maximum value at the
axis of symmetry, X = μ .
• The mean, μ divides the region under the
graph into two equal parts
• Both ends of the curve extend indefinitely
without touching the x-axis
• The total area under the graph is equal
to the totalprobability of all outcomes,
that is, 1 unit𝟐 .
 INTERPRET NORMAL GRAPH
• The mean, μ divides the region under the
Example 6 : graph into two equal parts.
• (a) mean of X = 15
The diagram on the right shows a normal
distribution graph for a continuous random
variable X
(a) State the mean of X.
(b) Region R (b) Region Q
(b) Express the shaded regions Q and R in P( X < 12) P( X > 18)
probability notations. =0.2635

(c) If P(X<18) = 0.7635, find

(c) Info : P(X<18) = 0.7635
i) P(X > 18)
Question need: ii) P(15><18)
i) P(X X <18)
ii) P(15 < X < 18)
Solution: ii) P(15
i) <P(X
X <18)
> 18=)=P(X
1 –>15) – P(X >18)
0.7635
= 0.5 – 0.2365
= 0.2365
= 0.2635
STANDARD NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

𝑋−𝜇
Z=
𝜎
Where Z ~ N( 0, 1)
 STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION GRAPH
Important features of a
f(z)
standard normal
distribution function graph:
• 68% of the data lies within the standard
deviation ±1 from the mean.
• 95% of the data lies within the standard
deviation ±2 from the mean.
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
z
• 99.7% of the data lies within the
standard deviation ±3 from the mean.
Determining and interpreting standard score, Z // X value

Example 7 : Example 8:
A continuous random variable X is normally X is a continuous random variable that is
distributed with mean, 𝜇 = 24 and a standard normally distributed, such that X ~ N(500, 169).
deviation, 𝜎 = 6. Find the z-score if X = 19.5 Find the value of X if the z-score is 1.35.

Info: 𝜇 = 24 𝜎=6 x = 19.5 Info: 𝜇 = 500 z = 1.35

𝜎= 13
z=?
Question need: Question need: x=?
19.5 −24
Solution : z= Solution :
1.35 =
𝑥 −500
6
13
= - 0.75
x = 517.55
Determining the probability of an event for
normal distribution
𝑎−𝜇
P X<a = P(𝑍 < )
𝜎

𝑎−𝜇
P X>a = P(𝑍 > )
𝜎

𝑎−𝜇 𝑏−𝜇
P a<X<b = P( <𝑍< )
𝜎 𝜎
 Find the probability of normal distribution

P(Z ≥0.235)
0.4071
= 0.4090 – 0.0019
= 0.4071
0.235

P(Z < −2.122)

= 0.0170 – 0.0001 0.0169
= 0.0169
- 2.122

= 0.1093 – 0.0017

P(Z ≥−1.239) = 0.1076

0.8924
= 1 - 0.1076
0.8924
- 1.239
Find the probability of normal distribution

P(Z ≤ 2.453) 0.9929

= P(2.453)
= 0.9929 2.453

P(0 ≤ Z ≤ 1.236)
= 0.5 - R(1.236)
= 0.3918
0 1.236

P(−0.461 ≤ Z ≤ 1.868)
= 1 – P(-0.461) - R(1.868)
= 0.6467
-0.461 1.868
Find the probability of normal distribution

P(|Z| ≥ 1.178) 0.1194 0.1194

= 2[0.1194]
-1.178 1.178
= 0.2388

P(|Z| ≤ 0.612) 0.2703 0.2703

= 1 – 2(0.2703)
= 0.4594 -0.612 0.612
 Determining the probability of an event for
normal distribution
Example 9 :

The heights of Form 1 pupils in a certain

Info: 𝜇 = 145 𝜎 = 10
school are normally distributed with a
Question need: P( 𝑋 ≥ 140)
mean of 145 cm and a standard deviation Solution: P( 𝑋 ≥ 140)
of 10 cm. If a pupil is randomly selected 140 − 145
= P(𝑍 ≥ )
10
from that group, find the probability that = P(𝑍 ≥ −0.5)
the pupil’s height is at least 140 cm. = 𝑅(−0.5)
-0.5

= 0.6915
Find the z score if the
probability of normal
distribution is given.
𝑃 𝑍 ≥ 𝑎 = 0.3851

Z= ?

0.292
Z = 0.29
0.2
∴ 𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟐
Find the z score if the
probability of normal
distribution is given.
𝑃 𝑍 < 𝑎 = 0.3851

Z= - ?

0.29
Z = - 0.2
0.292
∴ 𝒂 = −𝟎. 𝟐𝟗𝟐
Find the z score if the
probability of normal
distribution is given.
𝑃 𝑍 ≥ 𝑎 = 0.7838

0.2162

Z= - ?

Z = - 0.7
0.78
0.785
∴ 𝒂 = −𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓
Find the z score if the
probability of normal
distribution is given.
𝑃 −1.15 < 𝑍 < 𝑎 = 0.7838

- 1.15 a
𝑃 𝑍 > −1.15 −𝑃 𝑍 > 𝑎 = 0.7838
0.8749 −𝑃 𝑍 > 𝑎 = 0.7838
R(-1.15)
0.8749 − 0.7838 = 𝑃 𝑍 > 𝑎
𝑃 𝑍 > 𝑎 = 0.0911
𝑎 = 1.3
1.33𝟒
1.33
Solving problems involving normal distributions
Example 10 :
The masses of papayas produced in an orchard (a) Info: 𝜇 = 840 𝜎 = 24
have a normal distribution with a mean of 840 g
Question need: P(812 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 882)
and a standard deviation of 24 g. The papayas
with masses between 812 g and 882 g will be Solution: =P(
812−840
≤𝑍≤
882−840
)
exported overseas while papayas that weigh 812g 24 24
or less will be sold at the local market. Find = P( −1.167 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 1.75)
(a) the probability that a papaya chosen at
= 1 − 𝑃 −1.167 − 𝑅(1.75)
random to be exported overseas,
(b) the number of papayas which are not
-1.167 1.75
= 0.83833
exported overseas and not sold in the local
market if the orchard produces 2 500
papayas.
Solving problems involving normal distributions
Example 10 :
(b)
The masses of papayas produced in an orchard
Info: 𝜇 = 840 𝜎 = 24 Total = 2500
have a normal distribution with a mean of 840 g
and a standard deviation of 24 g. The papayas Question need: P 𝑋 ≥ 882 =? ;
𝑛 𝑋 ≥ 882 =?
with masses between 812 g and 882 g will be
Solution:
exported overseas while papayas that weigh 812g
or less will be sold at the local market. Find 𝑃 ( 𝑋 ≥ 882 )
(a) the probability that a papaya chosen at 𝑛( 𝑥)
=𝑃 𝑍 ≥
882−840 𝑃(𝑥) =
24 𝑛(𝑆)
random to be exported overseas,
= 𝑃 ( 𝑍 ≥ 1.75 )
(b) the number of papayas which are not
𝑛(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑)
exported overseas and not sold in the local = 0.0401 = 0.0401
2500
market if the orchard produces 2 500 =100.25
𝑛(𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑑) = 100
papayas.
Solving problems involving normal distributions
Example 11 :

The masses of babies born in a

hospital are normally distributed
with a mean of 3.1 kg and a Info: 𝜇 = 3.1 𝜎 = 0.3 P 𝑋 ≤ 𝑚 = 0.25
Question need: 𝑚 =?
standard deviation of 0.3 kg. If
Solution: P 𝑋 ≤ 𝑚 = 0.25
25% of babies born in that hospital z = - 0.674
𝑚 − 3.1
are categorised as underweight, = P 𝑍 ≤ = 0.25
0.3

find the maximum mass for this 𝑚 − 3.1

∴ = −0.674
0.3
category. 𝑚 = 2.8978
 RECALL WHAT WE HAVE GO THROUGH
1.Use the normal table
Refer upper tail
USE FORMULAE: 2.Use the calculator
𝑥−𝜇
z = P(Z)-left shaded ; R(Z)-right shaded %
𝜎 X 100

÷ 100

X VALUE Z SCORE PROBABILITY

𝑛( 𝑥)
𝑃(𝑥) =
𝑛(𝑆)
USE FORMULAE: Use the Normal
𝑥=𝑧 𝜎 + 𝜇 Distribution Table
SPM FORMAT
QUESTION
 (a) (i)
Example 12 : SPM 2014 PAPER 2
(a) A Survey is carried out about a scout in a school. It is found Info: 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 = 315 𝑣𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 126 𝑝 𝑠𝑐𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 𝑝
that the mean of the number of scouts is 315, the variance is
126 and the probability that a student participate in scout is p.
Question Need: 𝑝 =?
(i) Find the value of p.
(ii) If 8 students from the school are chosen
at random, find the probability that more 315 = 𝑛𝑝------ eq1 126 = 𝑛𝑝𝑞 ----- eq 2 1
Substitute eq 1 to eq 2:
1
than 5 students participate in scout.
126 = (315)q
[5 marks]
q = 0.4 ∴ p = 0.6 1
(a) (ii)
(b) The mass of the scout members in the school follows a
normal distribution with a mean of 48 kg and a standard Info: 𝑝 = 0.6 𝑞 = 0.4 𝑛 = 8
deviation of 5.8 kg. Find Question Need: 𝑃 𝑋 > 5 = ?
(i) the probability that a member chosen at random from
Solution: P(X > 5) = P(X=6)+ P(X=7)+ P(X=8) 1
the group has a mass less than 45 kg. 8 6 2 8 8
= ( 𝐶6 ) 0.6 0.4 + ( 𝐶7 )(0.6 )(0.4 ) +( 𝐶8 )(0.6 )(0.40 )
7 1 8

(ii) the value of m, if 25% of the scout members have mass = 0.2090 + 0.0896 + 0.0168
more than m kg.
= 0.3154 1
[5 marks]
 (b) (i)
Info: 𝜇 = 48 𝜎 = 5.8
Example 12 :
(a) A Survey is carried out about a scout in a school. It is found Question Need: 𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = ?
that the mean of the number of scouts is 315, the variance is
Solution: 𝑃 𝑋 < 45 = 𝑃 𝑍 < 45−48 - 0.5172

126 and the probability that a student participate in scout is p. 5.8 1

(i) Find the value of p. = 𝑃 𝑍 < −0.5172
= 𝑃(−0.5172)
(ii) If 8 students from the school are chosen
= 0.3025 1
at random, find the probability that more
than 5 students participate in scout. Info: 𝜇 = 48
(b) (ii) 𝜎 = 5.8
[5 marks]
Question Need: 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝑚 = 0.25; m = ?

(b) The mass of the scout members in the school follows a Solution: 𝑃 𝑋 > 𝑚 = 0.25
normal distribution with a mean of 48 kg and a standard
deviation of 5.8 kg. Find
𝑚 − 48
𝑃 𝑍> = 0.25
5.8
1
z = 0.674
(i) the probability that a member chosen at random from
the group has a mass less than 45 kg. 𝑚 − 48
= 0.674 1
(ii) the value of m, if 25% of the scout members have mass 5.8
more than m kg. m = 51.71 1
[5 marks]
Example 13 : SPM 2017 PAPER 1
• The mean, μ divides the region under the
Diagram shows a probability distribution graph for graph into two equal parts.
a random variable X, 𝑋~ 𝑁 𝜇, 𝜎 2 . It is given that
AB is the axis of symmetry of the graph. 0.38

(a) 𝜇 = 10 1 (0.5 – 0.38)

(a) State the value of μ.

(b) Info: 𝑃(𝑋 > 15) = 0.38
(b) If the area of shaded region is 0.38, state the
Question Need: 𝑃(5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 15)
value of 𝑃(5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 15). 𝑃 5 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 15

[2 marks] = 0.5 − 0.38 × 2

= 0.24
1
 (a)
Example 14 : SPM 2016 PAPER 2 Info: 𝑝 = 0.2 𝑞 = 0.8 𝑛=8

Question Need: P(X=3) = ?

Solution: 𝑃 𝑋 = 3 = ( 8𝑐3 )(0.23) (0.85 ) 1

= 0.1468 1

(b) (i)

Info: 𝜇 = 2 𝜎 = 𝑚 𝑃 𝑋 > 2.5 = 0.1587

Question Need: 𝑚 =?
Solution: 𝑃 𝑋 > 2.5 = 0.1587
2.5 − 2
1
z = 1.0
𝑃 𝑍> = 0.1587
𝑚
2.5 − 2
𝑚
= 1.0 1
m = 0.5 1
 (b) (ii)
Example 14:
Info: 𝜇=2 𝜎 = 0.5 Total harvested = 1320

P 1.0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2.5 = ?
Question Need: n 1.0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2.5 = ?
𝑛( 𝑋)
= 𝑃(𝑋)
Solution: 𝑃 1.0 ≤ 𝑋 ≤ 2.5 𝑛(𝑆)

1.0 −2 2.5 −2
= 𝑃
0.5
≤𝑍≤
0.5 1
-2 1 = 𝑃 −2 ≤ 𝑍 ≤ 1
= 1 − 𝑃 −2 − 𝑅 1
(m = 0.5) = 0.8186 1

𝑛(1 ≤ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ≤ 2.5)

= 0.8186 1
1320
𝑛 1 ≤ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ≤ 2.5 = 1080.55 1
∴ 𝑛 1 ≤ 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 ≤ 2.5 = 1080 𝑜𝑟 1081 1
Example 15 : SPM 2019 PAPER 1
 (a)
Example 15 : SPM 2019 PAPER 1
Info: 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 𝜇 + 2 = 0.25

Question Need: 𝜎= ? z = 0.674

1
Solution: 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 𝜇 + 2 = 0.25
𝜇+2 − 𝜇
𝑃 𝑍≥ = 0.25
0.25 𝜎
2
= 0.674
𝜎
𝜎 = 2.967 1
𝜇−2 𝜇 𝜇+2
(b) If X ≥ 0720 (𝐿𝐴𝑇𝐸)
Info: 𝜇 = 0715 𝜎 = 2.967
Question Need: 𝑃 𝑋 ≥ 0720 3. 𝑠. 𝑓
Solution: 0720 − 0715 1
𝑃(𝑍 ≥ )
2.967
𝑃(𝑍 ≥ 1.6852)
1
= 0.0460
 (a) 𝑛=3
Example 16 : SPM 2019 PAPER 2 Info: 𝑝 = 0.7 𝑞 = 0.3

If 𝑷 𝑿 = 𝟑 ; Get a toy

𝑃 𝑋 = 3 = ( 3𝑐3 )(0.73) (0.30 ) 1

1
= 0.343 (Probability Bob get a toy in 1 game)
By spending RM30, means Bob has to play 6 games:

𝑝 = 0.343 𝑞 = 0.657 𝑛=6 1

If 𝑷 𝑿 ≥ 𝟏 ≥ 𝟎. 𝟗 𝒔𝒐 𝑩𝒐𝒃 𝒘𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚

𝑷 𝑿 ≥𝟏 =𝑷 𝑿=𝟏 +𝑷 𝑿=𝟐 +𝑷 𝑿=𝟑 1

+𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟒) + 𝑷 𝑿 = 𝟓 + 𝑷(𝑿 = 𝟔)

= 1 − 𝑃(𝑋 = 0)

= 1 − ( 6𝑐0 )(0.3430) (0.6576 ) 1

= 0.9196 @ 91.96% 1
∴ Suggest Bob to play the game because the probability to
get at least 1 toys is more than 90%. 1
 (b) Info:
Example 16 : SPM 2019 PAPER 2 𝑝 = 0.343 𝐸𝑥𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒, 𝜇 = 4

Question Need: 𝑛 =?

Solution: 4 = n ( 0.343) 1
n = 11.66
1
∴ Bob should at least 12 games to get 4 toy bears.
1
Semoga kalian memperolehi
ilmu yang bermanfaat… all
the best for your coming
SPMRSM & SPM
Thank you…