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Building Workshop Lecture 1

1. Masonry construction involves building structures by laying and binding together brick, stone, or concrete blocks with mortar. 2. The most common types of bonds used in brick masonry walls are stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. Each bond differs in the orientation of the bricks. 3. Stretcher bond uses stretchers only and is the simplest but weakest bond. English bond alternates stretchers and headers between courses. Flemish bond alternates headers and stretchers within each course for improved aesthetics but weaker structure.

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232 views29 pages

Building Workshop Lecture 1

1. Masonry construction involves building structures by laying and binding together brick, stone, or concrete blocks with mortar. 2. The most common types of bonds used in brick masonry walls are stretcher bond, header bond, English bond, and Flemish bond. Each bond differs in the orientation of the bricks. 3. Stretcher bond uses stretchers only and is the simplest but weakest bond. English bond alternates stretchers and headers between courses. Flemish bond alternates headers and stretchers within each course for improved aesthetics but weaker structure.

Uploaded by

Robel Yohannes
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Building Workshop

Lecture 1- Inst. Dureti Tadesse


Masonry
• Masonry consists of building structures from single
units that are laid and bound together with mortar.
• Brick, stone and concrete blocks are the most
common materials used in masonry construction.
Advantages of Masonry Construction
• These general advantages apply for all types of masonry units (brick,
stone or concrete blocks):

• Masonry is non-combustible, so improves fire protection for the building


and its occupants. Fireplaces are commonly made of masonry for the
same reason.

• Masonry offers a high resistance against rotting, pests, weather, and


natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes.

• Masonry structures provide an attractive rustic or elegant look for a home


or building, depending on the material used and the workers’ expertise.

• Being durable and resistant, masonry can withstand large amounts of


compressive weight loads.

• Masonry buildings have longer life spans than any other building type.

• Masonry doesn’t rot, and insects such as ants and termites can’t destroy
its structure.
Limitations of Masonry Construction
• Masonry construction involves heavy materials such as bricks,
stone and concrete blocks. These cannot be transported in
conventional vehicles, and in some cases they must be
ordered from special catalogs, especially stones.

• The stability of masonry structures depends completely on their


foundation.

• Masonry activities cannot be done during heavy rain or


freezing conditions, since mortar will be severely affected.

• Masonry construction requires a good amount of time and


adequate project planning. Depending on the type or
masonry, specialized manpower may be necessary.
Brick Masonry Wall Construction
What is brick
• Brick is one of the most popular materials for architects
designing with a vintage or rustic aesthetic: exposed brick
walls are often touted as highly desirable for apartments,
restaurants, and stores, and exterior brick facades can make
a building or home feel warmer and more inviting.
Boarding school for an agricultural
school/technical university of Berlin
Mixed use school in London
Types of Bonds in Brick Masonry Wall
Construction and their Uses
• Types of bonds in brick masonry wall construction are classified
based on laying and bonding style of bricks in walls.
• The bonds in brick masonry is developed by the mortar filling
between layers of bricks and in grooves when bricks are laid
adjacent to each other and in layers in walls.
• Mostly used material for bonds in brick masonry is cement
mortar. Lime mortar and mud mortar are also used.
Types of Bonds in Brick Masonry Wall
Construction :

• The most commonly used types of bonds


in brick masonry are:
1. Stretcher bond
2. Header bond
3. English bond and
4. Flemish bond
1. Stretcher bond
• Longer narrow face of the brick is called as stretcher as
shown in the elevation of figure below.
• Stretcher bond, also called as running bond, is created
when bricks are laid with only their stretchers showing,
overlapping midway with the courses of bricks below
and above.
• Stretcher bond in the brick is the simplest repeating
pattern. But the limitation of stretcher bond is that it
cannot make effective bonding with adjacent bricks in
full width thick brick walls.
• Walls constructed with stretcher bonds are not
stable enough to stand alone in case of longer
span and height.
• Thus they Then need supporting structure such as
brick masonry columns at regular intervals.
Stretcher bonds are commonly used in the steel
or reinforced concrete framed structures as the
outer facing.
2. Header bond
• Header is the shorter square face of the brick which measures
9cm x 9cm. Header bond is also known as heading bond.

• In header bonds, all bricks in each course are placed as


headers on the faces of the walls.

• While Stretcher bond is used for the construction of walls of


half brick thickness whereas header bond is used for the
construction of walls with full brick thickness which measures
18cm.

• In header bonds, the overlap is kept equal to half width of the


brick. To achieve this, three quarter brick bats are used in
alternate courses as quoins.
3. English Bond
• English bond in brick masonry has one course of stretcher only
and a course of header above it, i.e. it has two alternating
courses of stretchers and headers.

• Headers are laid centered on the stretchers in course below


and each alternate row is vertically aligned.

• To break the continuity of vertical joints, quoin closer is used in


the beginning and end of a wall after first header. A quoin
close is a brick cut lengthwise into two halves and used at
corners in brick walls.
4. Flemish Bond
• Flemish bond, also known as Dutch bond, is created by
laying alternate headers and stretchers in a single
course.

• The next course of brick is laid such that header lies in


the middle of the stretcher in the course below, i.e. the
alternate headers of each course are centered on the
stretcher of course below. Every alternate course of
Flemish bond starts with header at the corner.
• The disadvantage of using Flemish bond is that
construction of Flemish bond is difficult and requires
greater skill to lay it properly as all vertical mortar joints
need to be aligned vertically for best effects.

• Flemish bonds have better appearance but are weaker


than English bonds for load bearing wall construction.

• Thus, if the pointing has to be done for brick masonry


walls, then Flemish bond may be used for better
aesthetic view. If the walls have to be plastered, then it is
better to use English bond.
Flemish bonds are classified as:
• Single Flemish Bond

• Double Flemish Bond

• Single Flemish bond is a combination of English

bond and Flemish bond.

• In this type of construction, the front exposed

surface of wall consists of Flemish bond and the

back surface of the wall consists of English bond in

each course.
• Double Flemish Bond has the same appearance
both in the front and back elevations, i.e. each
course consists of alternate header and stretcher.
This type of bonding is comparatively weaker
than English bond.
Thank You

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