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Hunterian Transliteration: The Hunterian Transliteration System Is The

The document discusses several methods for transliterating text between different scripts while maintaining pronunciation, including Hunterian, ISO 15919, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, and Sanskrit Library Phonetic (SLP1). Each method uses different conventions for representing letters and diacritics from scripts like Devanagari in the Latin alphabet. SLP1 aims to represent phonetic segments and features more precisely than other methods by mapping each Devanagari letter to a single ASCII character.

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Deepak Yadav
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359 views3 pages

Hunterian Transliteration: The Hunterian Transliteration System Is The

The document discusses several methods for transliterating text between different scripts while maintaining pronunciation, including Hunterian, ISO 15919, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, and Sanskrit Library Phonetic (SLP1). Each method uses different conventions for representing letters and diacritics from scripts like Devanagari in the Latin alphabet. SLP1 aims to represent phonetic segments and features more precisely than other methods by mapping each Devanagari letter to a single ASCII character.

Uploaded by

Deepak Yadav
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Transliteration is the conversion of text written in one script into text written

in another script, while maintaining the pronunciation to greatest possible


extent. There is no change in grammar or meaning.
The different transliteration methods are:
Hunterian transliteration: The Hunterian transliteration system is the
"national system of romanization in India" and has been officially adopted by
the Government of India and Nepal. Hunterian transliteration was also known
as the Jonesian transliteration system because it was based on a previous
transliteration method developed by William Jones (1746–1794). It was given
a more complete form in the late nineteenth century by William Wilson
Hunter, then Surveyor General of India.
The Hunterian system has faced criticism over the years for not producing
phonetically accurate results and being "unashamedly geared towards an
English-language receiver audience." (e.g., द and ड are both represented by d)

ISO 15919: It is one of a series of international standards for romanization by


the International Organization for Standardization. It was published in 2001
by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries and uses
diacritics to map the much larger set of consonants and vowels in Brahmic
and Nastaliq scripts to the Latin script.

Harvard-Kyoto: The Harvard-Kyoto system is one of the easiest mappings


to learn, and it the mapping that most Sanskrit tools and software expect.
It is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other
languages that use the Devanāgarī script. It is predominantly used informally
in e-mail, and for electronic texts.
Devanagari and Romanized Sanskrit use symbols that we can't find on a
standard computer keyboard. So, it can be difficult to type either of these on
a computer. This is a problem because if we can't type Sanskrit, we can't write
Sanskrit content or use various Sanskrit tools.
One workaround to this problem is to define some way to map English letters
to Sanskrit letters.
ITRANS Scheme: ITRANS Stands for Indian languages Transliteration. It is
an ASCII transliteration scheme for Indic scripts, particularly for the
Devanagari script. ITRANS was in use for the encoding of Indian etexts - it is
wider in scope than the Harvard-Kyoto scheme for Devanagari transliteration,
with which it coincides largely, but not entirely.
Like the Harvard-Kyoto scheme, the ITRANS romanization only uses
diacritical signs found on the common English-language computer keyboard,
and it is quite easy to read and pick up.
While using ITRANS, for proper nouns, first letter capitalization is not
possible since, ITRANS uses both capital and small letters in its lettering
scheme.

Velthius: The Velthuis system of transliteration is an ASCII transliteration


scheme for the Sanskrit language from and to the Devanagari script. It was
developed in about 1983 by Frans Velthuis, a scholar living in Groningen,
Netherlands, who created a popular, high-quality software package in LaTeX
for typesetting Devanāgarī. The primary documentation for the scheme is the
system's clearly-written software manual. It is based on using the ISO 646
repertoire to represent mnemonically the accents used in standard scholarly
transliteration. It does not use diacritics as IAST does. It may optionally use
capital letters in a manner similar but not identical to the Harvard-Kyoto or
ITRANS schemes.

Sanskrit Library Phonetic (SPL1): Sanskrit Library Phonetic basic


encoding scheme (SLP1) is an ASCII transliteration scheme for the Sanskrit
language from and to the Devanagari script.
Differently from other transliteration schemes for Sanskrit, it can represent
not only the basic Devanagari letters, but also phonetic segments, phonetic
features and punctuation. SLP1 also describes how to encode classical and
Vedic Sanskrit. The main advantages of SLP1 are that each Devanagari letter
used in Sanskrit maps to exactly one ASCII character, making it possible to
create simple conversions between ASCII and Sanskrit. For example, the
Harvard-Kyoto transliteration uses the single character "D" to represent "ड"
and the combination "Dh" to represent "ढ". SLP1, in contrast, always uses a
single character: "q" for "ड" and "Q" for "ढ". Such intermediate mappings,
while convenient for the design of transliteration conversion functions, tend
to hinder readability until they are re-converted to either Devanagari or the
widely used IAST romanization scheme.

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