Hunterian Transliteration: The Hunterian Transliteration System Is The
The document discusses several methods for transliterating text between different scripts while maintaining pronunciation, including Hunterian, ISO 15919, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, and Sanskrit Library Phonetic (SLP1). Each method uses different conventions for representing letters and diacritics from scripts like Devanagari in the Latin alphabet. SLP1 aims to represent phonetic segments and features more precisely than other methods by mapping each Devanagari letter to a single ASCII character.
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Hunterian Transliteration: The Hunterian Transliteration System Is The
The document discusses several methods for transliterating text between different scripts while maintaining pronunciation, including Hunterian, ISO 15919, Harvard-Kyoto, ITRANS, Velthuis, and Sanskrit Library Phonetic (SLP1). Each method uses different conventions for representing letters and diacritics from scripts like Devanagari in the Latin alphabet. SLP1 aims to represent phonetic segments and features more precisely than other methods by mapping each Devanagari letter to a single ASCII character.
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Transliteration is the conversion of text written in one script into text written
in another script, while maintaining the pronunciation to greatest possible
extent. There is no change in grammar or meaning. The different transliteration methods are: Hunterian transliteration: The Hunterian transliteration system is the "national system of romanization in India" and has been officially adopted by the Government of India and Nepal. Hunterian transliteration was also known as the Jonesian transliteration system because it was based on a previous transliteration method developed by William Jones (1746–1794). It was given a more complete form in the late nineteenth century by William Wilson Hunter, then Surveyor General of India. The Hunterian system has faced criticism over the years for not producing phonetically accurate results and being "unashamedly geared towards an English-language receiver audience." (e.g., द and ड are both represented by d)
ISO 15919: It is one of a series of international standards for romanization by
the International Organization for Standardization. It was published in 2001 by a network of the national standards institutes of 157 countries and uses diacritics to map the much larger set of consonants and vowels in Brahmic and Nastaliq scripts to the Latin script.
Harvard-Kyoto: The Harvard-Kyoto system is one of the easiest mappings
to learn, and it the mapping that most Sanskrit tools and software expect. It is a system for transliterating in ASCII the Sanskrit language and other languages that use the Devanāgarī script. It is predominantly used informally in e-mail, and for electronic texts. Devanagari and Romanized Sanskrit use symbols that we can't find on a standard computer keyboard. So, it can be difficult to type either of these on a computer. This is a problem because if we can't type Sanskrit, we can't write Sanskrit content or use various Sanskrit tools. One workaround to this problem is to define some way to map English letters to Sanskrit letters. ITRANS Scheme: ITRANS Stands for Indian languages Transliteration. It is an ASCII transliteration scheme for Indic scripts, particularly for the Devanagari script. ITRANS was in use for the encoding of Indian etexts - it is wider in scope than the Harvard-Kyoto scheme for Devanagari transliteration, with which it coincides largely, but not entirely. Like the Harvard-Kyoto scheme, the ITRANS romanization only uses diacritical signs found on the common English-language computer keyboard, and it is quite easy to read and pick up. While using ITRANS, for proper nouns, first letter capitalization is not possible since, ITRANS uses both capital and small letters in its lettering scheme.
Velthius: The Velthuis system of transliteration is an ASCII transliteration
scheme for the Sanskrit language from and to the Devanagari script. It was developed in about 1983 by Frans Velthuis, a scholar living in Groningen, Netherlands, who created a popular, high-quality software package in LaTeX for typesetting Devanāgarī. The primary documentation for the scheme is the system's clearly-written software manual. It is based on using the ISO 646 repertoire to represent mnemonically the accents used in standard scholarly transliteration. It does not use diacritics as IAST does. It may optionally use capital letters in a manner similar but not identical to the Harvard-Kyoto or ITRANS schemes.
encoding scheme (SLP1) is an ASCII transliteration scheme for the Sanskrit language from and to the Devanagari script. Differently from other transliteration schemes for Sanskrit, it can represent not only the basic Devanagari letters, but also phonetic segments, phonetic features and punctuation. SLP1 also describes how to encode classical and Vedic Sanskrit. The main advantages of SLP1 are that each Devanagari letter used in Sanskrit maps to exactly one ASCII character, making it possible to create simple conversions between ASCII and Sanskrit. For example, the Harvard-Kyoto transliteration uses the single character "D" to represent "ड" and the combination "Dh" to represent "ढ". SLP1, in contrast, always uses a single character: "q" for "ड" and "Q" for "ढ". Such intermediate mappings, while convenient for the design of transliteration conversion functions, tend to hinder readability until they are re-converted to either Devanagari or the widely used IAST romanization scheme.