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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique used to temporarily circulate blood in a person whose heart has stopped beating. It involves opening the airway, breathing for the person if needed, checking for foreign objects, and applying chest compressions to circulate blood. CPR combines rescue breathing with chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute to keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain until emergency medical help arrives. The goal of CPR is to prevent hypoxic brain damage by maintaining oxygenated blood circulation until definitive treatment can restore normal heart function or breathing.

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387 views4 pages

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (C.P.R)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a technique used to temporarily circulate blood in a person whose heart has stopped beating. It involves opening the airway, breathing for the person if needed, checking for foreign objects, and applying chest compressions to circulate blood. CPR combines rescue breathing with chest compressions at a rate of 100 per minute to keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain until emergency medical help arrives. The goal of CPR is to prevent hypoxic brain damage by maintaining oxygenated blood circulation until definitive treatment can restore normal heart function or breathing.

Uploaded by

910219025409
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CARDIOPULMONARY

RESUSCITATION
(C.P.R)

Definition

 Is a technique to temporarily circulate blood through the body of a person whose heart
has stopped
 It involves assessing the airway,if necessary breathing for the person,determining the
presence of foreign body and if necessary applying pressure to the chest to circulate
blood

Emergency situation

 Cardiac arrest
 Myocardial infarction
 Stroke
 Obstruction due to foreign body

Indication

 Cardiac arrest
-Ventricular fibrillation
-Ventricular tachycardia
-Asystole
-Pulseless electrical activity
 Respiratory arrest
-Drowning
-Stroke
-Foreign body airway obstruction
-Smoke inhalation
-Drug overdose
-Injury by lightening
-Suffocation
-Accident injury
-Epiglottitis

C.P.R

1
 Combines rescue breathing andchest compression
 Review heart (cardio) and lung (pulmonary)
 Use when there is no breathing and no pulse

Effectiveness

 START AS SOON AS POSSIBLE to prevent hypoxic encephalopathy


 Brain cell without oxygen 4-6 minutes > clinical death.More than 6 minutes >
biological death
 Purpose of C.P.R is not to ‘start’ the heart but to circulate oxygenated blood to the
brain

Basic life support danger

 Safety first
 Ensure surrounding does not pose a threat to rescuer and victim
 Find out the level of consciousness
 Try to elicit a response from the victim

-‘Hello! Can you hear me?’

-‘Hello! Are you alright?’

 In the community or home environment,activate the local emergency response system


e.g 999 call for ambulance and notify A.E.D

Basic life support circulation

 Feel for carotid pulse no longer than 10 seconds


 If no pulse is detected,start cardiac compression
 Ensure patient is on a firm,flat surface
 Cardiac compression hand placement
-Heel of one hand on lower half of the sternum
-Centre of the chest between the nipples
-The other hand on top of the first hand
-Fingers should not touch the chest wall
 Maintain elbow straight
 Use body weight for cardiac compression
 Ensure hands to patients body is 90°
 Compression depth:1.5-2.0 inches
 Compression-ventilation ratio 30:2
 Compression rate 100 per min

2
Basic life support airway

 Ensure airway patency


 Head tilt, chin lift
 Jaw thrust
 Oropharyngeal airway insertion (if available)
 Look, listen, and feel for air movement

Basic life support breathing

 Look- at the chest for movement


 Listen- for the sound of breathing
 Feel- for breath on the chest
 If there is no spontaneous breathing, give rescue breath
-pinch nose
-seal mouth to mouth
-observe for chest expansion
 If the chest does not rise and fall, check airway patency again

Mouth to mouth barrier devices


 Shields
 Masks

Breathing: mouth to nose (when to use??)


 Can’t open mouth
 Can’t make a good seal
 Severe injured mouth

Suspect poisoning: not encouraged to give rescue breaths

We inhale oxygen

We exhale carbon dioxide AND oxygen

Breath in oxygen : 21%

Lung comsumption : 5%

Breath out oxygen : 16%

3
Continue C.P.R until

 Victim revives
 Trained help arrives
 Replaced by another rescuer
 Too exhausted to continue
 Physician order (do not resuscitate orders)
 Cardiopulmonary arrest longer than 30 minutes
 Scene become unsafe

Why C.P.R may fail

 Delay in starting
 Terminal disease or unmanageable disease (massive heart attack)
 Inproper procedures (e.g forget to pinch nose)
 No ACLS follow up and delay in defibrillation
-Only 15% who receive C.P.R live to go home
-Improper technique

C.P.R complication

 Seizures
 Hypoxic encephalopathy
 Severe hypothermia
 Arrhythmia
 Bruising/burns from defibrillator paddles
 Internal injuries to liver,spleen
 Aspiration pneumonia
 Fracture ribs
 Myocardial rupture

ACLS-Advanced Cardiac Life Support

 Resuscitation involving electrical defibrillation,endotracheal


intubation,administration of IV drugs and fluid

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