Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region I
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ILOCOS NORTE

Arts 9
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
History of the Theatrical
Forms and Their Evolution

MELCS:

 Identifies selected theatrical forms from different art

periods. (A9EL-IVa-1)
 Researches on the history of the theatrical forms and their
evolution. (A9EL-IVb-2)
 Identifies the elements and principles of arts as
manifested in Western Classical plays and opera. (A9EL-
IVc-3)

Prepared by:

JUNE C. BAOIT II
Teacher II
MARK ANTHONY A. NACION
Teacher I
Talugtog Solsona National High School
Arts-Grade 9
Share-A-Resource-Program
Quarter 4 – Module 1: History of the Theatrical Forms and Their Evolution
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers:Jun C. Baoit
Mark Anthony A. Nacion
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Editors:Edwin C. Padasdao Lena M. Go
Efren Jonicel D. Domingo
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Introductory Message

This Contextualized Learning Module (CLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand
each lesson with ease.

This CLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-bystep
as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test is provided to measure your prior knowledge on the lesson. This will
show you if you need to proceed in completing this module or if you need to ask
your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson.
At the end of this module, you need to answer the post-test to self-check your
learning. Answer keys are provided for all activities and tests. We trust that you will
be honest in using them.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher is also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you in your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this CLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests.
Likewise, read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any question in using this CLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know
In this lesson, you will learn about History of the Theatrical Forms and their
Evolution. Their influences today were highly visible through the style of paintings,
sculptures and other artworks adapted by the well-known artists internationally and
by some of our National Artists. Some of the existing architectural structures convey
the traits and characteristics of such periods.

The module contains one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 1: History of the theatrical forms and their evolution

After going through this module, you are expected to:

 Identifies selected theatrical forms from different art periods. (A9EL-IVa-
1)
 Researches on the history of the theatrical forms and their evolution.
(A9EL-IVb-2)
 Identifies the elements and principles of arts as manifested in Western
Classical plays and opera. (A9EL-IVc-3)

1
 What I Know

Directions: Word Classification: Using the format of the table below, arrange the
different elements based on their classification in theater arts. Use a sheet of paper
for your answers.
Music Plot Space Color
Body Sound Shape Character
Texture Rhythm Movement Line
Voice Emotion Theme Dialogue

Basic Elements of Elements of Artistic Tools of an actor/actress

Musical Play/Theatre Expression

A. Matching Type: Match column A with column B. Choose your answer in column
B that corresponds to the pictures in column A. Write in the last column the
period it was created and performed.

Column A Column B

a. The Merchant of Venice

2
 b. Francoise Vatel

c. Tosca

d. La Bohemme

e. Carmen

f. Oedipus the King

3
 Lesson History of the
1 Theatrical Forms and
Their Evolution

What’s In
One of the most popular forms of entertainment for people is a visit to the
theatre. For centuries people have enjoyed drama, comedy, music, and other forms
of entertainment. In fact, the history of theatre can be traced back to 6 th Century B.C.
where the ancient Greeks were the first to present dramatic presentations.
To help you learn more about the changes that have been transpired in the
theatre, this lesson would provide you more information about the history and origin
of theatre.

What’s New

Theatre has been present in various forms and cultures for at least 2,500
years. In many locations, theatre as performance evolved from other ideas and
customs, such as event honoring gods and mythical creatures. However, due to the
enjoyment people got from performing and watching such displays, it did not take
long for theatrical performance to develop into a standalone part of culture and
society.
Theatre is widely considered to have emerged in Athens when the city began
hosting annual events to honor the Greek god Dionysius around 480 BC. Some
historians believe theatrical performances may have taken place in India and China
hundreds of years earlier. Still, there is no concrete evidence nor consensus for this
being true.
4
Due to Greece’s prominent posit ion the Mediterranean Sea, it didn’t
take long for theatre traditions to spread to neighboring countries in the region.
 Italy and Egypt, two of the fast-emerging countries and population on the
Mediterranean coast, would also quickly adopt a love of theatre, albeit in different
ways.
Much of the early evolution of theatre was driven by these countries. As wars
took place and people began to travel, different cultural influences would spread
across the lands. In addition to things like food, customs and way of life, theatrical
traditions became a significant cultural aspect these countries had in common.

What is It
History of the Theatrical Forms and Their Evolution

Theater began from myth, ritual, and ceremony. Early society perceived
connections between actions performed by groups of people of leaders to a certain
society and these actions moved from habit to tradition, to ritual, and to ceremony
due to human desire and need for entertainment. The repeated rehearsals,
performances, and creation or different actions broke the ground for theater. Let us
now study the theatrical forms of the different art periods.
Theater means “place of seeing”, but it is more than the buildings where
performance take place. To produce theater, a playwright writes the scripts, the
director rehearses the performers, the designer and technical crew produce props
to create the scenes, and actors and actresses perform on stage. Then it will only be
a true theater act when an audience witnesses it.
Before we procced to experience how to organize and to perform in a theater, we must
acquire information on the important periods and events in theater history.

Ancient Theater
700 B.C.E. – 410 C.E.
(Greek and Roman Theater)

Greek Theater
European theater began in Ancient Greece. It began around 700 B.C. with festivals
honoring their gods. Dionysus (Di-on-i-sus), the god of wine and fertility, has a
religious festival called “The Cult of Dionysus” to honor him. The city-stage of
Athens, the center of a significant cultural, political, and military power during this
period is where the festivals and competitions were usually performed. The three
well-known Greek tragedy playwrights are Sophocles, Euripides, and Aeschylus.
The theater of ancient Greece consisted of the three types of dramas: Tragedy,
Comedy, and the Satyr play.
Tragedy is a compound of two Greek 5 ds, tragos or “goat” and “won” (ode)
meaning “song”, referring goats sa wor ionysus before performances, or to
goatskins worn by the performers.
 In Greece, tragedy was the most admired type of play. It dealt with tragic
events and have an unhappy ending, especially one concerning the downfall of the
main character. Thespis was the first actor and introduced the use of masks and
was called the “Father of Tragedy.”
The actors, directors, and dramatists were all the same person. After some time,
only three actors were allowed to perform in each play. Due to limited number of
actors allowed on stage, the chorus played into a very active part of Greek theatre.
Music was often played during the chorus. Men performed songs to welcome
Dionysus and women were not allowed to perform. Competitions in song, dance,
music, scenic representation, and bodily exercises were done during the festivals.
To promote a common identity, Athenians spread these festivals to their numerous
allies.
Comedy plays were derived from imitation; there were no traces of their
origin. Aristophanes wrote most of the comedy plays. Out of these 11 plays,
Lysistrata, a humorous tale about a strong woman who led a female coalition to end
war in Greece survived. Cyclops was an adventures comedy by Euripides.
Satyr Play contains comic elements to lighten the overall mood or a serious
play with a happy ending. The satyr play was a short, lighthearted tailpiece
performed after each trilogy of the tragedies. It is an ancient Greek form of tragic
comedy. It featured choruses of satyrs, based on Greek mythology, and with
pretended drunkenness, bold sexuality (including phallic props), tricks, and sight
jokes. This featured half-man/half-goat characters known as Satyrs. They were
awful, ridiculous, and usually drunk. The Satyr characters lusted after everyone on
stage, and they delivered the most humorous lines, often at the expense of others.

Ancient Theater Terms

Theatre buildings were called theatron. The theaters were large, open-air
structures constructed on the slopes of hills. They consisted of three main
elements: the orchestra, the skene, and the audience.
Orchestra: A large circular or rectangular area at the center part of the theatre,
where the play, dance, religious rites, and acting took place.

6
 Skene – stage
Parodos - side entrance.

The Greek Theater(Epidauros)

http://www.generativeart.com/on/cic/papers2005/42.YiannisMelanitis_file/image012.jpg

Roman Theater
The theater of ancient Rome started in the 3 rd century BC. It had varied and
interesting art forms such as festival performances of street theatre, acrobatics, the
staging of comedies of Plautus, and the high-verbally elaborate tragedies of Seneca.
Although Rome had a native tradition of performance, the Hellenization (historical
spread of ancient Greek culture) of Roman culture in the 3rd century BC had an
intense and energizing effect on Roman theater and encourage the development of
Latin Literature.
According to Roman historian Livy, the Etruscan actors in the 4 th century
BC, were the first experienced theater actor. While in 240 BC, Roman drama began
with the plays of Livius Andronicus. It remained popular throughout late Antiquity.
By the mid-4th century AD, 102 out of 176 ludi publici were dedicated to theater, aside
a considerably lower number of gladiator and chariot racing events.
Greek theatres had a great influence on Roman’s theater, too. The Triumvir
Pompey was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in Rome, whose
structure was somewhat like the Theatron of Athens. The building was a part of a
multi-use complex that included a large quadriporticus (a columned quadrangle),
directly behind the scaenae fron (an elaborately decorated background of theatre
stage), and is enclosed by the large columned porticos with an expensive garden
complex of fountains and statues. There were rooms that were dedicated to the
exposition of art and other works collected by Pompey Magnus which were located
along the stretch of covered arcade.

7
 The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators,
and public executions. The Romans loved a good spectacle. They loved to watch
combat and admired blood sports and gladiator competition. The more realistic the
violence, the more it pleased Roman audiences. The Christians however opposed
the barbaric themes of the plays and closed all theaters.
Comedy plays were popular too in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250
B.C. and women were allowed to perform on stage.

Theater of Pompey

https://images.app.goo.gl/jY6gAbwheku2HAm18

The usual themes for Roman theater plays were chariots races, gladiators,
and public executions. The Romans loved a good spectacle. They loved to watch
combat and admired blood sports and gladiator competition. The more realistic the
violence, the more it pleased Roman audiences. The Christians however opposed
the barbaric themes of the plays and closed all theaters.
Comedy plays were popular too in the Roman Theater from 350 to 250
B.C. and women were allowed to perform on stage.

Roman Chariots
“A winner of a Roman chariot race‖ , USA PD,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Winner_of_a_Roman_
chariot_race.jpg

8
Medieval Theater
500 C.E. – 1400
During the Medieval era, theater performances were not allowed throughout
Europe. To keep the theater alive, minstrels, though denounced by the Church,
performed in markets, public places, and festivals. They travelled from one town to
another as puppeteers, jugglers, story tellers, dancers, singers, and other performers
in other theatrical acts. These minstrels were viewed as dangerous and pagan.

Illustration of minstrels’ medieval times

https://images.app.goo.gl/J19zzeQvfpvUEfLq8

Churches in Europe started staging their own theater performances during

Easter Sundays with biblical stories and events. Eventually, some plays were brought
outside the church due to their portrayal of the devil and hell. An example of kind of
play is the “ Mystere d’Adam” or “The Mystery of Adam.” The story revolves around
Adam and Eve and ends with the devil capturing and bringing them to hell.
Over the centuries, the plays revolved around biblical themes from the
Story of the Creation to the Last Judgement.

Image from :Wikipedia -USA PD Tag “-Book of Days” by

Robert Chamber (died 1871)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:ChesterMysteryPlay_300dpi.jpg

9
Renaissance Theater
1400-1600

Renaissance theater arts were characterized by a return of Classical Greek and

Roman arts and culture.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KDujardinsC
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
ommedia.jpg Karel Dujardins,,ommedia
File:IJonesKnight masque.jpg,Inigo Jones
dell'arte show, dated 1657 (Louvre) {{PD-art}}
design for a Knight in a Court masque. Pen

During Middle Ages, mystery plays formed a part of religious festivals in England and
other parts of Europe during the Renaissance period. Morality plays (in which the
protagonist was met by personifications of various moral attributes who try to choose
a Godly life over the evil) and University drama were formed to recreate Athenian
tragedy. Public theatres were developed like the Commedia dell’arte (Italian comedy
and a humorous theatrical presentation performed by professional players who
traveled in troupes) and the elaborate masques (a dramatic entertainment consisting
of pantomime, dancing, song, and sometimes players who wore masks) that were
usually presented in court.
One of the most prominent supporters of the theater was Queen Elizabeth
I. The companies of players (companies of actors) were organized by the aristocrats
and performed seasonally in many places. They were called professional players that
performed on the Elizabethan stage. The tours of these players gradually replaced
the performances of the mystery and morality plays by local players, Gorboduc
(authors were Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville), also known as Ferrex and
Porrex was an English play that was first performed at Christmas celebration in
1561, and was performed before Queen Elizabeth I on 18 January 1562 by the
Gentlemen of the inner Temple (was one of the four Inns of Court – professional
associations for barristers and judges in London).
The famous actor and poet who emerged in the period was William
Shakespeare. He was baptized on April 26, 1564 and died on April 23, 1616. He was

10
an English poet, playwright, and actor and was regarded as the greatest writer and
dramatist in the whole world. Shakespeare was often called England’s national poet
and the “Bard of Avon.” His works consist of about 38 plays. Some of these plays
were well-loved: Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Midsummer Night’s Dream, Cleopatra,
Julius Caesar, Much Ado about Nothing. The four tragedies considered to be
Shakespeare’s greatest works were Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth. Other
contemporary playwrights like Christopher Marlowe (tragedies such as Dr. Faustus
and The Jew of Malta) and Thomas Kyd (The Spanish Tragedy).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shakespeare.jpg This image is in the

public domain; PD-ART; This image is in the public domain due to its
age; PD-OLD-100
William Shakespeare

The history plays depicted English or European history. Shakespeare’s plays were
about the lives of kings, such as Richard III and Henry V, Christopher Marlowe’s
Edward II and George Peele’s famous Chronicle of King Edward the First. Comedies
were common, too. These dealt with life in London after the fashion of Roman New
Comedy. Some of comedy plays were The Shoemaker’s Holiday by Thomas Dekker
and A Chaste Maid in Cheapside by Thomas Middleton.

For the first time, ballet was performed in public

during this period. Ballet is a formalized form of dance
which originated from the Italian Renaissance courts. It
developed and flourished from Italy to France with the
help of Catherine de’ Medici, Queen of France. An early
example of Catherine’s development of ballet is
through Le Paradis d’ Amour, a piece of work presented
at her daughter’s wedding, Marguerite de Valois to
Henry of Navarre. Money of the Aristocrats was
responsible for the initial stages of “court ballet” for the
Aristocrats’ entertainment. The first formal “court
ballet” ever recognized was Ballet des Polonais in 1573.
A true form of royal entertainment, Ballet des Polonais
was commissioned by Catherine de’ Medici to honor
Ballet de la nuit the Polish Ambassadors who visited Paris for the
https://images.app.goo.gl/kKkSCxij
N3wzeZ1u9

11
Innovations of the Stage:
1. Proscenium was developed. This is the area of the theater surrounding the
stage opening. Arches frame and divide the stage from the audience.
2. Backdrops for scenery were popularized by the art of painting clothes.
3. Commedia dell’arte or “Comedy of the Profession” was developed. It was
quick developed. It was quick-witted performance of the characters/players.

Proscenium
Image taken from Wikipedia, PD
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Auditorium_Building14.jpg

Baroque Theater
1600-1750

The theater of the Baroque period is marked using technology in current

Broadways or commercial plays. The theater crew uses machines for special effects
and scene changes which may be changed in a matter of seconds with the use of
ropes pulleys.
This technology affected the content of the performed pieces, practicing at
its best the Dues ex Machina (a Latin word meaning “good from the machine”) solution
in which the character gods were finally able to come down from the heavens and
rescue the hero in dangerous situations.
As a result, the theater was richly decorated, the multiplicity of plot turns and
variety of situations characteristic of Mannerism (a variety of approaches or
intellectual sophistication as well as using artificial qualities of the play) were
succeeded by opera.

12
 The Teatro Regio in Turin‖
oil on canvas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pietro_Domenico_Oliviero_-_
The_Royal_Theater_in_Turin.jpg Giovanni Michele Graneri (Torino, 1708-
1762),,Painting in the P.D. for its age

The use of theatrical technologies in

Baroque period may be seen in the films
https://images.app.goo.gl/EvtQUQnCkT4psBMU6 “Vatel” (2000), “Farinelli” (1999) and in
the different stage productions of
“Orphues” by Claudio Monteverdi.
Neoclassical Theater
1800 – 1900
The Neoclassical period was a movement where the styles of Roman and Greek
societies influenced the theater arts.
During the Neoclassical period, the theater was characterized by its
grandiosity. Costumes and sceneries were highly elaborate. The main concepts of the
plays were to entertain and to teach lessons. Stages were restyled with dramatic
arches to highlight the scenes. Multiple entry points on the stage were evident in
many plays. Lighting and sound effects intensified the mood and message of each
scene, enhancing the dramatic experience. The idea of changing scenery and
backdrops become more noticeable, particularly with the invention of pulley systems
allowed parts to move quickly across the stage.
The concept of decorum (meaning right and proper audience behavior) was
applied in the period which means classical concepts and appropriate social behavior
must be observed.

13
 An 18th Neoclassical theatre in
Ostankino, Moscow
Image from Wikimedian Commons, by Shakko, 2004
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ostankino19.JPG

This period officially establishes just two types of play – tragedy and comedy.
They never mixed these together and the restriction led to the use of the now well-
known pair of happy and sad masks that symbolize the theatrical arts. Tragedies
portrayed the complex and fateful lives of the upper classes and royals, while
comedies, which were either public discourse or comedies of manners, tended to
focus on the lower ranks of society. Observance to these genres was critical to a play’s
success.
Three playwrights achieved a significant amount of success. Pierre Cornielle
(1606-1684) who was often called the “Father of the French tragedy,” wrote scripts
for more than decades. One of these was The Cid. Jean – Baptiste Poquelin, better
known as Moliere (1622-1673) was known for his comedies, Tartuffe and The
Missanthrope was one of his works. Jean Racine (1639-1699) was a tragedian
beloved for his simple approach to action and the linguistic rhythms and effects he
achieved. Andromache and Phaedra were one of his scripts. These men were able to
take elements from classical Greek and Roman literature and transform them into
plays. TRIVIA about the Neoclassical Theater:

1. The first “spotlight” was used in the U.S. during this period and was called
the “Limelight.”

://pittsburghsblackandgold.blogspot.com/2010_12_21_archive.html

2
2. The Theatre Regulation Act of 1843 banned drinking in legitimate
theaters. Many tavern owners took advantage of the situation and
renovated their establishments to accommodate live performances.

14
Romantic Theater
1800-2000

Romantic Playwrights

During Romantic period, melodrama and operas become the most popular
theatrical forms. Melodrama originated from the French word melodrame, which is
derived from Greek melos, which means “music,” and French drame, which is
derived from Greek dran to “perform.” Melodrama can also be described as a
dramatic work that puts characters in a lot of danger to appeal to the emotions and
in which orchestral music or song was used to accompany the actions. Opera, on the
other hand, is an art form in which singers and musicians perform dramatic work
combining text (called a libretto) and musical score. Acting, scenery, costumes, and
dance were important elements of theater. It is usually performed in an opera
house, accompanied by an orchestra or smaller musical ensemble.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victor_Hugo_by_%C3%89tienne_Carjat_1876_full.jpg

Victor Marie Hugo was born on February 26, 1802 and died on May 22,1885.
He is considered one of the greatest and best-known French writers. He was poet,
novels, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. Hugo’s literary fame comes from
his poetry, novels, and dramatic achievements. Among his works that stand out all
over the world are Les Contemplations, La Legende des siecles, Les Miserables, and
the Notre-Dame de Paris which is known as the Hunchback of Notre-Dame.
Quasimhadodo, a deformed hunchback bell-ringer of Notre Dame who had a good
heart helped Esmeralda, a beautiful Gypsy street dancer with a kind and generous
heart. Esmeralda captured the hearts of many men who wanted to own her.
There are several playwrights that had been known in this period such as,
Charles Nodier, George Sand, Heinrich von Kleist, Ludwig Uhland, and many more.

15
Romantic Composer

Georges Bizet was born on October 25, 1838 –

died June 3, 1875, Paris. Bizet was the only child
of Adolphe Armand Bizet (formerly a hairdresser
and later became a singer and composer) and
Aimee Marie Louise Leopoldine Josephine
Delsarte, a pianist. He entered the Paris
Conservatory of Music a fortnight before his
tenth birthday. His first symphony, the
Symphony in C Major, was written when he was
seventeen years old.

https://images.app.goo.gl/K4r7nifX8Pn1nxgf8

The symphony had an amazing stylistic resemblance to the music of Franz

Schubert.

This French composer was a pianist and best

known for his operas. Carmen is the most popular among
his works. Bizet composed the title role for a mezzo –
soprano in the character of Carmen. The opera tells the
story of the downfall of Don Jose, a naive soldier who is
seduced by the charms of the sizzling Gypsy, Carmen.
Come of his stage works are La pretresse, Operetta
(1854), Le docteur Miracle, Opera Bouffe (1857), Don
Procopio, Opera Bouffe (1859), Les pecheurs de perles,
Opera (1863), Ivan IV, Grand Opera (unfinished), La jolie
fille de Perth, Opera (1867), Noe, opera by Fromental Halevy
finished by Bizet (1869), L’Arlesienne, Musique de scene
(1872), Djamileh, One – act opera (1872).

His contemporary composers during the Romantic period were Franz Liszt,
Richard Wagner, Frederic Chopin, Ludwig van Beethoven, Franz Schubert, Felix
Mendelsshon, and Hector Berlioz.

16
 What’s More
Activity: Research/ Reading/Viewing of Western Classical Theater Plays

Here are several plays that students must research on. Please ask assistance
from any member of your family to help you in doing the activity.

You must research on the following plays:

1. Oedipus Rex
2. Antigone
3. Romeo and Juliet

Note:
o The scriptwriters may write the texts of the script in their mother
tongue and use their native costumes for the play.

o The teacher will make rubrics as a tool for scoring video presentation

What I have Learned

Directions: Fill in the blank. Carefully read each item and write the correct words
in your paper to complete the given statement.

 The theatre of ancient Greece consisted of three types of drama;

, and .
 The three well-known Greek tragedy playwrights are Sophocles,
and .
 The usual themes for Roman theatre plays were chariots races,
and .
 To keep the theatre alive during the Medieval era, ,
though denounced by the church performed in markets, public places, and
festivals.
 The four tragedies considered to be Shakespeare’s greatest works were
, , , and .
 The theatre of the period is marked using technology in
current broadways or commercial plays.
 During the Neoclassical period, the theatre was characterized by its
grandiosity; and were highly elaborated.
 During the Romantic period, and
became the most theatrical forms.

17
 What I Can Do Do It!

Individual Output: Collage Making

Direction: Create a collage presenting the Theatrical Forms and their
evolution. You can create your collage on any available material you have at home.
Below is the rubric where you will be rated accordingly.
Rubrics:
Concepts - 10 points
Craftsmanship/Skill -10 points
Creativity/Originality -10 points
Total: -30 points

Assessment

Directions: Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. It is the most admired type of plays in Greece.

A. Melodrama C. Tragedy
B. Comedy D. Satyr
2. In Greece, he was the first actor and introduced the use of masks and was called
the “Father of Tragedy”
A. Sophocles C. Shakespeare
B. Thespis D. Euripides
3. It was one of the first permanent (non-wooden) theatres in Rome, whose
structure was somewhat like the one in Athens.
A. Triumvir Pompey C. Theatro Zorilla
B. Theatron D. Proscenium
4. Famous English poet, actor and playwright during the Renaissance period and
was regarded as the greatest writer and dramatist in the whole world.
A. Claudio Monteverdi C. George Bizet
B. Victor Marie Hugo D. William Shakespeare

18
5. It is the formalized form of dance which originated from the Italian Renaissance
courts.
A. Tango C. Jazz
B. Ballet D. Social Dance
6. A dramatic work that puts characters in a lot of danger to appeal to the emotions
and in which orchestral music was used to accompany the action.
A. Comedy C. Opera
B. Tragedy D. Melodrama
7. It is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work
combining text (called libretto) and musical score.
A. Comedies C. Opera
B. Passion D. Zarzuela
8. The following are works of Victor Marie Hugo except
A. Hamlet C. Les Contemplations
B. Les Miserables D. Hunchback of Notre-Dame
9. The story revolves around Adam and Eve and ends with the devil capturing and
bringing them to hell.
A. Last Judgement C. Story of the Creation
B. La Pieta D. The Mystery of Adam
10. A playwright emerged in Neoclassical period and regarded as the “Father of
French Tragedy”.
A. Jean Baptiste-Poquelin C. George Bizet
B. Jean Racine D. Pierre Cornielle

19
 Answer Key

What I Know
A. Word Classification

B. Matching Type What I Have Learned Assessment

20
References
A. Print

Ritcher, Gisela; A Handbook of Greek Art, 1959 Phaidon Press LTD, 5 Cromwell
Place, London SW7, Six Edition 1969
Boardman, John; The Oxford Historyof Classical Art, Oxfrd University Press 1997

B. Website Readings

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Shakespeare.jpg
PD Art-‘Chandos portrait”by John Taylor National Gallery, 1610 Macbeth.
http://www.biography.com/people/william-shakespeare-9480323?page=4
http://en.wikimedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Vienna_Sate_Opera_House_565721222_
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Winner_of_Roman_chariot_race.jpg
http://www.knowital.org/kidswork/theater/images/photos/minstrel.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ChesterMysteryPlay_300dpi.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Auditorium_Building14.jpg
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-neoclassical-theatre.htm
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sydney_Opera_House_Sails.jpg
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Teatr_San_Carlo_Neapol.jpg
http://classicalmusic.about.com/od/opera/qt/habaneralyrics.htm l

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