ME 323: Mechanics of Materials Homework Set 11

Fall 2019 Due: Wednesday, November 20

Problem 11.1 (10 points)

For the state of plane stress shown in the figure:
1. Draw the Mohr’s circle and indicate the points that represent stresses on face X and on
face Y.
2. Using the Mohr’s circle, determine the normal and shear stress on the inclined plane
shown in the figure and label this point as N on the Mohr’s circle.
Solution:

The give state of plane stress has the following stresses:

𝜎𝑥 = 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝜎𝑦 = 30 𝑀𝑃𝑎

𝜏𝑥𝑦 = −10 𝑀𝑃𝑎

To find the center of the Mohr’s circle we find σavg ,

𝜎𝑥 + 𝜎𝑦
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 45𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
Mohr’s circle:
The rotation of the inclined plane is = 40𝑜 (C. C. W), the point ‘N’ on the Mohr’s circle will be at
an angle of 80𝑜 (C. C. W) from point ‘X’.
Coordinates of point N and the normal and shear stresses on the inclined plane are as follows:
Shear Stress: 𝜏𝑛𝑡 = −16.5 MPa
Normal Stress: σn = 37.75 MPa

Note: The rotation considered here is +𝟒𝟎𝒐 , however a rotation of −𝟓𝟎𝒐 is also valid (in this
case the ‘n’ and ‘t’ axis would be swapped.
Problem 11.2 (10 points)
For the loading conditions shown in cases (a) – (b):
1. Determine the state of stress at points A and B
2. Represent the state of stress at points A and B in three-dimensional differential stress
elements.
Using the Mohr’s circle, determine:
3. The principal stresses and principal angles for the states of stress at A and B.
Note: Identify first which is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress (namely,
xy-plane, xz-plane or yz-plane) for each point and loading condition.
4. The maximum in-plane shear stresses at points A and B.
5. The absolute maximum shear stress at points A and B.

Case (a):

Solution: Case (a)

Making a cut at point H:

Internal resultant forces include only the torque.

POINT A
Stress distribution at point A:

𝑇𝑅
𝜏𝐴 = = linear in radial position
𝐼𝑃
Ip = polar moment of area

100𝑁𝑚 × 12.5𝑚𝑚 𝑁
𝜏𝐴 = 𝜋 = 0.03259
× 254 𝑚𝑚4 𝑚𝑚2
32

There are no normal stresses acting on the point A, 𝜎𝑥 = 0, 𝜎𝑦 = 0 and the only shear stress acting is in
the xy plane, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 32.59 kPa

Three-dimensional differential stress element at A:

Since, 𝜎𝑧 = 0, 𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝜏𝑥𝑧 = 0, the xy plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.
Mohr’s Circle:

Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 32.59 kPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −32.59 kPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = −45°,𝜃𝑝2 = 45°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 32.59 kPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 32.59 kPa

POINT B
Stress distribution at point B:

TR
τB = = linear in radial position
IP
Ip = polar moment of area

100Nm × 12.5mm N
τB = π = 0.03259
4 4 mm2
32 × 25 mm
There are no normal stresses acting on the point B, 𝜎𝑥 = 0, 𝜎𝑦 = 0 and the only shear stress acting is in
the xy plane, 𝜏𝑥𝑦 = 32.59 kPa

Three-dimensional differential stress element at B:

Since, 𝜎𝑧 = 0, 𝜏𝑦𝑥 = 𝜏𝑥𝑧 = 0, the yz plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.

Mohr’s Circle:
Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 32.59 kPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −32.59 kPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = +45°,𝜃𝑝2 = −45°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 32.59 kPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 32.59 kPa

Case (b):

Notice that there is no point B for this loading condition

The element A will only experience hoop and axial stresses

Pressure = P = 3 × 106 Pa, thickness = t = 15 × 10−3 m, radius = r = 1.25m

1.25
pr 3×106 ×
Axial stress = σa = 2t
= 2
2×15×10−3
= 62.5 MPa = 62.5 × 106 Pa
1.25
pr 3×106 ×
Hoop stress = σh = t
= 15×10−3
2
= 125 MPa = 125 × 106 Pa
Three-dimensional differential stress element at A:

Since, 𝜎𝑧 = 0, 𝜏𝑦𝑧 = 𝜏𝑥𝑧 = 0, the xy plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.

Mohr’s Circle:
 125 + 62.5
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 93.75 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 125 MPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = 62.5 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = 90°, 𝜃𝑝2 = 0°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 31.25 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 62.5 MPa

Problem 11.3 (10 points)

For the loading conditions shown in cases (c) – (d):

1. Determine the state of stress at points A and B

2. Represent the state of stress at points A and B in three-dimensional differential stress elements.

Using the Mohr’s circle, determine:

3. The principal stresses and principal angles for the states of stress at A and B.
Note: identify first which is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress (namely, xy-
plane, xz-plane or yz-plane) for each point and loading condition.

4. The maximum in-plane shear stresses at points A and B.

5. The absolute maximum shear stress at points A and B.

Case (c):

FBD:

Ox = −Px = −100 N
Ox = −Px = −100 N
M = Py × 200 mm = 20 × 103 Nmm
Making a cut at point H:

VH = Py = 100 N

Hx = Px = 100 N
MH = 100N x 100mm = 104 N. mm

POINT A

Normal Stress Distribution due to axial loading:

Px = 100 N
100N
σx = = 0.16N/mm2 = 0.16MPa
252 mm2
Normal Stress Distribution due to bending:

MH y
σx = = 0 MPa
I

Shear Stress Distribution due to transverse loading:

3V 3 × 100N
τxy = = = 0.24 MPa
2A 2 × 625 mm2

Three-dimensional differential stress element at A:

𝛔𝐱 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝐌𝐏𝐚, 𝛕𝐱𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒𝐌𝐏𝐚

Since, σz = 0, τyz = τxz = 0, the xy plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.
Mohr’s circle:
 0.16
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = 0.08 MPa
2
Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 0.33 MPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −0.17 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = 35.78°, 𝜃𝑝2 = 125.78°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.253 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 0.253 MPa

POINT B

Normal Stress Distribution due to axial loading:

Px = 100 N
100N
σx = = 0.16N/mm2 = 0.16MPa
252 mm2

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending:

MH y 100N x 12.5mm
σx = = 254
= 3.84 MPa (compressive)
I mm4
12
Shear Stress Distribution due to transverse loading:

3V
τxy = = 0 MPa
2A

Three-dimensional differential stress element at B:

𝛔𝐱 = 𝟑. 𝟖𝟒𝐌𝐏𝐚 − 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝐌𝐏𝐚 = 𝟑. 𝟔𝟖𝐌𝐏𝐚

Since, σz = 0, τyz = τxz = 0, the xy plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.
Mohr’s circle:

−3.68
𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = −1.84 MPa
2
Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 0 MPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −3.68 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = 90°, 𝜃𝑝2 = 0°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.84 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 1.84 MPa

Case (d):
FBD:

Oy = −100 N

Mo = 100 N × 200 mm = 20 × 103 N. mm

To = 200 N. mm
Making a cut at H and finding the internal resultant force, moment and torque we have:

VH = −100 N

MH = 104 N. mm
TH = 200 N. mm
POINT A

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending at A:

MH y
σx = = 0 MPa
I

Shear Stress Distribution due to transverse loading at A:

4V 4 × 100N
τxy = = π = 0.188 MPa
3A 3 × x (30 mm)2
4

Shear stress distribution due to torsional loading at A:

TH R
τxy = = linear in radial position
IP
Ip = polar moment of area

τxy = 0MPa
Three-dimensional differential stress element at A:

𝛕𝐱𝐲 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟔𝟐 𝐌𝐏𝐚 = 𝟏𝟖𝟖. 𝟔𝟐 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Since, σz = 0, τyz = τxz = 0, the xy plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane stress.
Mohr’s circle:

𝜎𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 0 MPa

Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 0.188 MPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −0.188 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = 45°, 𝜃𝑝2 = 135°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 0.188 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 0.188 MPa

POINT B

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending at B:

MH y 104 N. mm x 15mm
σx = = π
I 4 4
4 x 15 mm
σx = 3.77 MPa (compressive)

Shear Stress Distribution due to transverse loading at B:

τxy = 0 MPa

Stress distribution due to torsional loading at point B:

TH R
τB = = linear in radial position
IP
Ip = polar moment of area
200. Nmm × 15mm
τB = π 4 4
32 × 30 mm
N
τB = 0.0377 = 0.0377MPa
mm2
Three-dimensional differential stress element at A:

𝛔𝐱 = 𝟑. 𝟕𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚
𝛕𝐱𝐳 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟕𝟕 𝐌𝐏𝐚 = 𝟑𝟕. 𝟕 𝐤𝐏𝐚

Since, σy = 0, τyz = τxy = 0, the xz plane is the plane corresponding to the state of plane
stress.
Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 0.0037𝑀𝑃𝑎 , 𝜎𝑝2 = −3.77 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Principal angle: = 𝜃𝑝1 = 90.57𝑜 , 𝜃𝑝2 = 0.57°

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 1.8854 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 1.8854 MPa

Problem 11.4 (10 points)

Consider the elastic structure shown in the figure, where a force equal to 500 N i - 750 N j is
applied at the end of the segment CH parallel to the z-axis.
1. Determine the internal resultants at cross section B (i.e., axial force, two shear forces,
torque, and two bending moments).
2. Show the stress distribution due to each internal resultant on the appropriate view of the
cross B (i.e., side view, front view or top view).
3. Determine the state of stress on points a and b on cross section B.
4. Represent the state of stress at points a and b in three-dimensional differential stress
elements.
5. Determine the principal stresses and the absolute maximum shear stress at point b.
FBD:

𝐌𝐁 = Mx 𝒊 + My 𝒋 + Mz 𝒛

Using force balance we get: Bx = 500 N

By = 750 N
 Bz = 0 N

Moment balance about point B:

Coordinates of point H w.r.t point B = 𝒓𝐻/𝐵 = 120 mm 𝒊 + 0 mm 𝒋 + 150 mm 𝒛

Force = F = 500N 𝒊 − 750N 𝒋 + 0 mm 𝒛

𝐌𝐁 + 𝒓𝐻/𝐵 x F = 0

(Mx 𝒊 + My 𝒋 + Mz 𝒛) + 𝒓𝑯/𝑩 x F = 0

Mx = −112500 N. mm = −112.5 N. m
My = −75000 N. mm = −75 N. m
Mz = −90000 N. mm = −75 N. m

The reactions are as follows

Torque = Mx = −112.5 N.m
Axial force = Bx = 500N
Shear force 1 = By = 750N
Shear force 2 = Bz = 0
Bending moment 1 (about y axis) = My = −75 N.m
Bending moment 2 (about z axis) = Mz = 90 N.m
POINT ‘𝒂’
Stress distribution due to torsional loading (𝐌𝐱 ) at point ‘𝒂’ :

TH R
τxy1 = = linear in radial position
IP
Ip = polar moment of area
112.5 N. m × 0.015m
τxy1 = π
(0.015)4 mm4
2×
N
τxy1 = 21.22 = 21.22Pa
m2

Stress distribution due to axial loading (𝐁𝐱 ) at point ‘𝒂’:

Bx 500 N
σx1 = = = 707.355 kPa
A 𝜋(0.015)2 m2

Stress distribution due to Shear force 1 (𝐁𝐲 ) loading at point ‘𝒂’:

 4V By
τxy2 = = π
3A 3 (R)2
4
4V 750N
τxy2 = = π = 1.414 MPa
3A 3 (0.015m)2
4

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending moment 1 (𝐌𝐲 ) at point ‘𝒂’:

My z 75 N. m x (0.015m)3
σx2 = = π
I (0.015 mm)4
4 x
σx2 = 28.29 MPa (tensile)

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending moment 2 (𝐌𝐳 ) at point ‘𝒃’:

σx2 = 0 MPa
 State of stress at point′𝒂′: 𝛔𝐱 = σx1 + σx2 = 28.99 MPa
𝛔𝐲 = 0 Mpa
𝛔𝐲 = 0 Mpa
𝛕𝐱𝐲 = τxy1 + τxy2 = 22.63 MPa
𝛕𝐲𝐳 = 0 Mpa
𝛕𝐳𝐱 = 0 Mpa

POINT ‘b’
Stress distribution due to torsional loading (𝐌𝐱 ) at point ‘b’ :

TH R
τxz1 = = linear in radial position
IP
Ip = polar moment of area
112.5 N. m × 0.015m
τxz1 = π
× (0.015)4 m4
2
τxz1 = 21.22MPa
Stress distribution due to axial loading (𝐁𝐱 ) at point ‘𝐛’:

Bx 500 N
σx1 = = = 707.355 kPa
A 𝜋(0.015)2 m2

Stress distribution due to Shear force 1 (𝐁𝐲 ) loading at point ‘𝐛’:

τxy = 0MPa

Normal Stress Distribution due to bending moment 1 (𝐌𝐲 ) at point ‘𝒂’:

σx1 = 0 MPa
Normal Stress Distribution due to bending moment 2 (𝐌𝐳 ) at point ‘𝒃’:

Mz y 90 N. m x (0.015m)3
σx2 = = π
I (0.015 mm)4
4 x
σx2 = 33.95 MPa (compressive)

State of stress at point′𝒃′ :

𝛔𝐱 = 𝛔𝐱𝟏 + 𝛔𝐱𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑. 𝟐𝟒 𝐌𝐏𝐚 (𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐯𝐞)
𝛔𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐌𝐩𝐚
𝛔𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐌𝐩𝐚
𝛕𝐱𝐲 = 𝟎 𝐌𝐏𝐚
𝛕𝐲𝐳 = 𝟎 𝐌𝐩𝐚
𝛕𝐳𝐱 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟐 𝐌𝐩𝐚

Principal stress: 𝜎𝑝1 = 10.33 MPa, 𝜎𝑝2 = −43.57 MPa, 𝜎3 = 0 MPa

Maximum in plane shear stresses: 𝜏𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒,𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 26.95 MPa

Absolute shear stress: 𝜏𝑚𝑎𝑥,𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 26.95 MPa