Oh yy VE 2019 RVUs Ae cle y- Electronics Engineering Conventional Practice Sets ElectronicMeasurements & Instrumentation [ZZ SI. Topic Page No. 1. Etrorsin Measurements 2 2. Measurement of Electrical Quantity 2 3. Tr and Primary Sensing Element 20 4. AC. Bridges 4a 5. Electronic instruments for Measuring Basic Parameters 51 6 Cathode Ray Oscillation 58 7. Data Acquisition System and Telemetry System o Volatr are lab to be leg prvectedElectronic Measurements & Instrumentation sf Errors in Measurements Tras Q.1. Three resistor have the following range: R, = 87 Q + 5%, R, = 75.2 x 5% and Ry = 502 x 5% Determine the magnitude and limiting error in ohm and in percent of the resistance, if these resistances connected in series. Solution: ‘The value of resistance are 5 Ry = 374°. 37=37 21.852 400 5 5 Ry = 78+ x75 =75#3.759 00 mya sos 2x50 =5022800 R = (37 + 75+ 50) + (1.85 + 3.75 + 2.50) = 1 and Errorinohm = £8.12 Percent limiting error of series combination of resistances ad 5 +=" x100 = 25% 162 Q.2 A4-dial decade box has decade ‘a’ of 10 x 1000 + 0.1%, decade ‘b’ of 10 x 100.2 + 0.1%, decade ‘c' of 10 x 109 + 0.5%, decade ‘d' of 10x 10 + 1.0%. It is set at 4639 @. Find the percentage limiting error and the range of resistance value. Solution: Decade ‘a’ is set at 4000 @ and therefore, Enor= + 4000x 24.- 24g 400 Decade ‘b’ is set at 600 @ and therefore, Eror = +600x24 -s06a 400 Decade 'c’ is set at 20. and therefore, Error Decade ‘a is set at 9 @ and therefore. Error = +9 1 =+0.092 700 aq Conventional Practice Sets MIDE ERSY wwwmadeeasypublications.org )MADE ERSY Postal Study Package PUR) Electronic Measurements & IN | 3 Total error = (4 +06 + 0.15 +0.09) = + 4.840. Relative limiting error, e, = + 484 - + 0.00104 4639 Percentage limiting error, % e, = (0.00104 x 100) = 0.104% Limiting values of resistance, A,= 4639 (1 + 0.00104) = 4639 = 5.0 Q.3 Three resistors of having resistances of 250 @, a 500 @ and a 375 @ are connected in parallel. The 250 @ resistor has a +0.025 fractional error, the 500 @ resistor has a -0.036 fractional error and the 375 Q resistor has a +0.014 fractional error. Determine: {a) the total resistance neglecting errors, (b) total resistance considering the error of each resistor and (c) the fractional error of the total resistance based upon rated values. Solution: {a) Total resistance of resistors connected in parallel and neglecting their error is 1 1 a |, ee R, RR, 250” 600” 375 R 15.382 {b) The fractional error in R, = 250 is +0.025 : 8R, = (0.025 x 250) = 6.252 Hence, R, = (250 -6.25) 9 = 243,759 Similarly, BR, = (-0.036 x 500) =-18 2 2 A, = 500 - (-18) = 518.9 and BR, = (+ 0.014 x 375) 2 A, = (875 5.25) Therefore the resultant resistance of three resistances in parallel 1 1 = dns RR, Ry 243.75" 518 369.75 (6) The fractional enor of the parallel resistances based onthe rated values is 115.38 - 114.45 114.45. +0.008 = 40.8% 115.28 Q.4 A160 pF capacitor, an inductor of 160 10% wH and a resistor of 1200 +10 @ are connected in series (a) fall the three component are + 0% and resonant frequency is f, z 1 compute the resonant mk frequency of the combination. (b) If all the three components are +10%, compute the expected resonance frequency of the ‘combination and the percentage error when compared to the result of part (a). (c) If all the three components are -10%, compute the expected resonant frequency and the percentage error when compared to the results of part (a). ( www.madeeasypublications.org MADE EASY ‘Conventional Practice se EDElectronic Measurements & Instrumentation W Measurement of Poor) Electrical Quantity 1 Design a series type ohmmeter. The movement to be used requires 0. mA for full scale deflection and has an internal resistance of 50 &. The internal battery has a voltage of 3 V. The desired value of half scale resistance is 3000 Q. Calculate: (a) the values of series and parallel resistances R, and Rp. (b) the range of values of R,, if the battery voltage may vary from 2.7 V to 3.1 V. Use the value of Ry calculated in (a). Solution: (a) We know that, 150 Fn Ro E- Trso Ry 0.5 x 10% x 50x 3000 3-0.5x 10 x 3000 The internal resistance of chmmeter is equal to the half scale resistance The value of parallel resistance, R, = R, YR, +R 50x 50 ° Fr+ 04.60 ~ 3000 R, = 29750 +. Series Resistance, R, = 2975.2. (b) The value of Resistance R, when the battery voltage is 2.7 V _ 05x10 x 50x 3000 _ °" 27-05% 10% x 3000 When the battery voltage is 8:1 V, 05x 10% x 50% 3000 © 31-05% 10% x3000 = 46.28 0 Q.2 The inductance of a moving iron ammeter with a full scale deflection of 90° at 1.5 A, is given by the ‘expression L = (200 + 400 - 402 — 6°) wH, where 8 is the deflection in radian from the zero position. Estimate the angular deflection of the pointer for a current of 1.0 A. Solution: Given that, Inductance, L = (200 + 400 ~ 40? - 0°)aH fale of chang fhnatance, wi atecton 2 i aq Conventional Practice Sets MIDE ERSY wwwmadeeasypublications.org )MADE EASY Postal Study Package PUR) Electronic Measurements & IN | 13 aL _ (40-80 36%) pra ao F e-% or, 5 ye at n_a(n) aH _ 40-8x5-3, 20 wHirad 6 2S La) =P Hla We know that, 12 dt Defiecti o- LEE Jeflection, Pk a with 7= 1.5 A, we have @= mi2 and dla8 = 20 x 10° Hirad. 2 Be i x 20x 10% or K = 14.32 x 10 ® Nmvirad. Spring constant, K= 14:32. 10-° Nira. ForI= 1 Athen, Deflection, = Axa (40-80-302) 108 “_ 2° 1432 x 10% or 36? + 36.646? 40 = 0 or @ = 1,008 radian = 578 Q.3 A0~-100 mA moving Iron ammeter is converted to a 0 ~ 500 V, 50 Hz voltmeter by adding a series resistance with the coil. The coil has negligible resistance and an inductance L = (0.01 + 0.20)/4zHenry, where 0 is the deflection in radian. The total angular span of the meter is 100°. Compute: {a) the spring constant of the meter and (b) the series resistance required. Solution: 0.01.4 0.2044 an Given that L fe has. 2n Ajo dk _ 1x (100%1 ay 0.4 = 45.6 x 10 Nmjrad, 28° d® 2x 100xn/180 ~ an {a) Spring constant {b) Impedance required to convert the meter to 00 V voltmeter, 500 - 50000 100 x 10° inductance of the meter coil ull scale deflection, j= 2140.20 0.01402 100% 2/180" _ 4 opg5 an an Reactance of meter coil at 50 Hz = 2n x 50 x 0.0286 = 8.98 2 Series resistance required R.= (S000)? - (8.98)? = 5000 2 ( www.madeeasypublications.org MADE EASY ‘Conventional Practice se ED