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    Frac Fluid

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    k64515
    The document discusses the typical composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid, which is primarily comprised of fresh water (99.5%) and various additives (0.5%). The additives include acids to dissolve minerals and initiate cracking of the rock, as well as compounds to thicken the fluid, minimize friction, carry particulate sand, inhibit bacterial growth, and prevent corrosion of pipes during the hydraulic fracturing process. Common additives include guar gum, glutaraldehyde, ethylene glycol, and various salts.

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    Frac Fluid

    Uploaded by

    k64515
    76 views1 page
    The document discusses the typical composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid, which is primarily comprised of fresh water (99.5%) and various additives (0.5%). The additives include acids to dissolve minerals and initiate cracking of the rock, as well as compounds to thicken the fluid, minimize friction, carry particulate sand, inhibit bacterial growth, and prevent corrosion of pipes during the hydraulic fracturing process. Common additives include guar gum, glutaraldehyde, ethylene glycol, and various salts.

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    The document discusses the typical composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid, which is primarily comprised of fresh water (99.5%) and various additives (0.5%). The additives include acids to dissolve minerals and initiate cracking of the rock, as well as compounds to thicken the fluid, minimize friction, carry particulate sand, inhibit bacterial growth, and prevent corrosion of pipes during the hydraulic fracturing process. Common additives include guar gum, glutaraldehyde, ethylene glycol, and various salts.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views1 page

    Frac Fluid

    Uploaded by

    k64515
    The document discusses the typical composition of hydraulic fracturing fluid, which is primarily comprised of fresh water (99.5%) and various additives (0.5%). The additives include acids to dissolve minerals and initiate cracking of the rock, as well as compounds to thicken the fluid, minimize friction, carry particulate sand, inhibit bacterial growth, and prevent corrosion of pipes during the hydraulic fracturing process. Common additives include guar gum, glutaraldehyde, ethylene glycol, and various salts.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 1

    A FLUID SITUATION:

    TYPICAL SOLUTION USED IN HYDRAULIC FRACTURING


    *

    0.49% Potassium
    chloride
    0.06%
    Guar gum/Hydroxyethyl cellulose
    0.056%

    ADDITIVES*
    Ethylene glycol
    0.043%
    Sodium/Potassium carbonate
    0.011%
    Sodium chloride
    Isopropanol
    0.085% 0.01%
    Borate salts
    0.007%
    Citric acid
    0.004%
    N,n-dimethyl formamide
    0.002%
    Petroleum distillate Acid Glutaraldehyde
    0.088% 0.123% 0.001%

    Compound* Purpose Common application

    Helps dissolve minerals and


    Acids Swimming pool cleaner
    initiate fissure in rock (pre-fracture)

    Disinfectant; Sterilizer for medical


    Glutaraldehyde Eliminates bacteria in the water
    and dental equipment

    Allows a delayed break down of


    Sodium Chloride Table Salt
    the gel polymer chains

    Used in pharmaceuticals, acrylic


    N, n-Dimethyl formamide Prevents the corrosion of the pipe
    fibers and plastics

    Maintains fluid viscosity as Used in laundry detergents, hand


    Borate salts
    temperature increases soaps and cosmetics

    Minimizes friction between fluid


    Polyacrylamide Water treatment, soil conditioner
    and pipe

    Make-up remover, laxatives,


    Petroleum distillates “Slicks” the water to minimize friction
    and candy

    Thickener used in cosmetics,


    Guar gum Thickens the water to suspend the sand baked goods, ice cream, tooth-
    paste, sauces, and salad dressing

    On average, 99.5% Citric Acid Prevents precipitation of metal oxides


    Food additive; food and
    beverages; lemon juice
    of fracturing fluids are
    Potassium chloride Creates a brine carrier fluid Low sodium table salt substitute
    comprised of freshwater and
    compounds are injected into Ammonium bisulfite
    Removes oxygen from the water to
    protect the pipe from corrosion
    Cosmetics, food and beverage
    processing, water treatment
    deep shale gas formations and
    Maintains the effectiveness of Washing soda, detergents, soap,
    Sodium or potassium carbonate
    are typically confined by many other components, such as crosslinkers water softener, glass and ceramics

    thousands of feet or rock layers. Proppant


    Allows the fissures to remain open Drinking water filtration,
    so the gas can escape play sand

    Automotive antifreeze, household


    Ethylene glycol Prevents scale deposits in the pipe
    cleansers, deicing, and caulk

    Source: DOE, GWPC: Modern Gas Shale Used to increase the viscosity Glass cleaner, antiperspirant, and
    Development In the United States: Isopropanol
    of the fracture fluid hair color
    A Primer (2009)

    *The specific compounds used in a given fracturing operation will vary depending on source water quality and site, and specific characteristics of the target formation. The compounds listed above are representative of
    the major material components used in the hydraulic fracturing of natural gas shales. Compositions are approximate.

    !!!"#$#%&'($)#*+,"-%&

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