Solutions Manual Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics SIXTH EDITION Nannapaneni Narayana Rao University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ese) ranted aera Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458Associate Editor: Alice Dworkin Supplements Editor: Carole Snyder Executive Managing Editor: Vince O’Brien Managing Editor: David A. George Production Editor: Barbara Till ‘Supplement Cover Manager: Daniel Sandin Manufacturing Buyer: Ilene Kahin © 2004, 2000, 1994, 1991, 1987, 1977 by Pearson Education, Inc. Pearson Prentice Hall Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Baw eres an All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher ‘The author and publisher of this book have used their best efforts in preparing this book. These efforts include the development, research, and testing of the theories and programs to determine their effectiveness. 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All recipients of this work are expected to abide by these restrictions and to honor the intended pedagogical purposes and the needs of ‘other instructors who rely on these materials Printed in the United States of America 10987654321 ISBN O-L3-147847-2 Pearson Education Ltd., London Pearson Education Australia Pty. Ltd, Sydney Pearson Education Singapore, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education North Asia Ltd., Hong Kong Pearson Education Canada, Ine., Toronto Pearson Educacién de Mexico, S.A. de CV. Pearson Edueation—Japan, Tokyo Pearson Education Malaysia, Pte. Ltd Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New JerseyContents Part I 10 uw Part Il Preface Solutions to Drill Problems Vectors and Fields Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form Maxwell’s Equations in Differential Form, and Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space Fields and Waves in Material Media Electromagnetic Potentials and Topics for Circuits and Systems ‘Transmission-Line Essentials for Digital Electronics Transmission Lines for Communications Guided Wave Principles for Electronics and Optoelectronics Several Topics for Electronics and Photonics Principles of Radiation and Antennas Several Solution Techniques Solutions to Problems and Review Problems Vectors and Fields Maxwell's Equations in Integral Form Maxwell's Equations in Differential Form, and Uniform Plane Waves in Free Space Fields and Waves in Material Media Electromagnetic Potentials and Topics for Circuits and Systems Transmission-Line Essentials for Digital Electronics Transmission Lines for Communications o 16 25 35 53 80 89 98 106 115) 190 228 294 346 410Guided Wave Principles for Electronics and Optoelectronics 546 Several Topics for Electronics and Photonics 605 Principles of Radiation and Antennas onl Several Solution Techniques 720 ivPreface This manual contains complete solutions for all 158 drill (D) problems and 503 end-of-chapter problems (P and R) in Elements of Engineering Electromagnetics, Sixth Edition. Solutions to the drill problems are presented in part I, comprising pages 3 through 112. These solutions are arranged continuously, except for the yeginning of a new page for each chapter. For the end-of-chapter problems, the solutions are presented in part II, comprising pages 115 through 780. These solutions are arranged continuously, with each problem beginning on a new page. The author wishes to express his appreciation to Kelly Collier for word processing the entire manual for the previous edition and the new portions for this edition, with great care and patience. N. NARAYANA RAO Urbana, IllinoisPARTI SOLUTIONS TO DRILL PROBLEMSDLL (@) [A+C]=2%4x cos 60° =4 Direction is 60° west of north (b) |A-BI=5 (© BA+4B+3C| =2x 12x cos 75" = 6.212 Direction is 15° east of north @ B+(A-C) =3 x (2X 4 x cos 30°) x cos 60° = 10.392 Note also that Be(A-C)=BeA-B°C =3x4x cos 90°-3 x 4x cos 150° 0- 10.392) 10.392 © BxC =4x3x sin 150" into the paper = 6 units into the paper AXBxC) = 4x 6 x sin 90° toward west = 24 units directed westward DL2. (a) A+B-4C = (3+1-4)a, +(2+1-8)ay+(1-1-12)a3 0 = ~Sa;- 12a3 [A+B-4C|= J25+144 = 13 (b) A+2B-C = (3+2-1)a; +(2+2-2)ay +(1-2-3)a3, 4a; + 2ay - 4a3 4a; +2a)-4a3 _ 1, (2a) + a2 - 28 [bay +209 —4ag[ 3081 +92- 283) Unit vector =(©) AeC=3x1+2x2+1x3=10 ay @) Bxc=/7 = 5a, ~4ay + a3 D13. (a) BxC= Ax(Bx (b) CxA= a a a Bx(CxA)=|9 1 9 4-1 3 © AxB= 6a; + 6a) -3a3 a a) a Cx(@xB=]] 4 7 6 6 D14. (a) Vector drawn from P} to Pz = (B-Day + [1 - (lay + 0-2)a, = 2a, + Bay ~ 2a, (b) Vector drawn from P2 to P3 = (5~3)ay + (2-Day + (-2-O)a, = 2a, +a) ~2a, Straight line distance from P2 to P3 4= [Pay +ay- 2a =3 Vector drawn from P} to P3 = (5- Nay + [2—(-2)]ay + (2 - 2)a, = 4ap + day — day Unit vector along the line from Py to P3 4a, +4ay-4a, 1 - Leas fa +40, -4a,[ VS" Forx=3,y dr=0,dy=0 a dladzay Forx+y=0,y+z de+dy=0,dy+de=0 =~ de, de=- dy=dz = dza,-dzay+dz ay = (@x— ay +a) de dy _ dz 0-2 0-0" 1-0 dx =-2 dz, dy=0 A =-2deay+ deay = (2a; +a) de dx __dy __dz dy= dx, dz=0 yextCyz=O 2=14+C,2=0 Ci=1,@=0 Equation is y=x+1,2=0.DLT. D1. 0=0+C=0+@ C1=Q=0 Equation is x=y = 22. @ (b) © @ (@) (b) ‘Equation is 3x + 2y = 5, 3r—2z=1. (2, Snl6, 3) > (2.c0s Snl6, 2 sin 52/6, 3) = (-V3, 1, 3) (4, 4213, -1) > (4 cos 42/3, 4 sin 4/3, -1) = (-2, -2-/3,-1) (4, 2113, 1/6) > (4 sin 27/3 cos m/6, 4 sin 27/3 sin m6, 4 cos 22/3) = (3, V3, -2) (NB, 7/4, 213) + (/Bsin 2/4 cos n/3, -/8sin 1/4 sin 1/3, V/Bcos 2/4) = (1, V3, 2) re= V440 =2 tang= Sen 2,0.) 22,1) re= Vi¥3 =2© DL. (@) b) © D110. (a) (1,-¥3,-1) > (2, 53, -1) re= V242 =2 ,-2, 0) > (2, m2, 3n/2) ry= \OF344 24 3, V3, 2) > (4, 2/3, Smf6) y= V240+2 =2 =tan-t 20 _ 3a O= tant M240 = 3 C2. 0,-V2)— 2, 32/4, 2) T(x, y, z, 0) = Tol? + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + 422) = constant, which are elliptic cylinders.D111. D112. ) © ) © (b) .5) = To(4x? + 4y2 + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + y? + z2) = constant, which are spheres. " T(x y, 2 1) = Tole? + 16? + 422) Constant temperature surfaces are given by (x2 + 16)? +422) = constant, which are ellipsoids. F(1, 1, 0) = 2a +ay + 2a, Magnitude of F = [2a, +a) + 2a,|=3 Unit vector along F = 3(2a, +a, +2a,) FG 9, 2)=3% 4a, +2a, +9,)= 2a + 2a) +95 Bx-y=2,x+2=2,2y- Solving, we get x= 1, y=1, andz=1 The point is (1, 1, 1). FG, y, 2) = 3az Bx-y=0,x+z=0,2y-z=3 Solving, we get x= 0.6, y= 1.8, andz=- 0.6 The point is (0.6, 1.8, - 0.6). (1, 0, 0) — (1, 0, 0) F(1, 0, 0)= 4(cos 0a, + sin 0.a4)= (1-1, -3) > (V2, 77/4, -3) (2, 7214, -3) =4 ( a ae cos “Fa, +sin-F -L@,- = ay 80)© (1, ¥3,-4) > @, 23,4) FQ, 2/3, 4) =4 (cos Fa tsin Z ») 1 (a, +34) nia B5)-9(- Fat) 1 a, + ¥3a,) D113. (a) n=3 ane '=2——™*0__ 30° Sreg(ol3ay? “°° = 0.577 a N Direction away from the center of the polygon. (b) n=4 4m ss Fregelray °° Ane 4ne9(2a) (0.957 “aN Direction away from the center of the polygon. © n=6 4ne 4ne oa 4ne +2. 30° ‘neq l3aye °° F=2. cos 60° Direction away from the center of the polygon.D1.14. From computation similar to that in Ex. 1.6,for Q2 = 4m& C, (a) [Elo,0,1 =1.118(0.316a, + 0.949a,) = 0.353a, + 1.061a, (b) Coordinates of point at the end of the second step are (0.060, 0, 1.191). (©) Unit vector along E at the point in (b) = 0.264a, + 0.965a, D115. (a) Atthe point (0, 0, 0), e=[o = 0.01429 , ea? (b) At the point (0, 0, a), g-|__@ ____-Oa |, 4néq(a? +a2)32 Ameq(a? + a?)3 |"* ‘O(2a) 4n&9(a? + 4a2)32 0.05630 ea? i (©) Atthe point (0, 0, 3a), E-|__ 260) __ Greg(a? +9022 D116. From the given values of the electric field intensities at the points (3, 5, 1), (1,2, 3). and (3, 4, 5), we can write Fig @S1~PD-Pss)=0 of, st -Ps2~Pss=0 10Top 51+ Ps2- p33)=6 or, Psi + Ps2- ps3 = 128 Tay 51+ P82 ps)=4 or, = Psi + Ps2 + Ps3 = 8& Solving, we obtain (a) ps1 = 46 Cim? (B) ps2 = 66 Cim? (©) ps3=-2e Chm? Then @ Bha1-6 = oy CPs ~Ps- pss) Jl = (Ae - 6&0 + 2€0) =~ 4a, Vin DLI7. (@) a= a x{ Meda) z a - Hola dx a, Xa, ~ ay) saya =h dya, x{Hagess) Holly dx dy 8y20 . Hol dly X Ryo (b) dk) =h dy x( eo = yh, dy ay X(-a, tay) ha drag x MOR iS | = Hoh dy a, hr deayx( Mae) = — Halil dr dy 8y2nD118. Forx=2y=2?+2, dx=2 dy=2z dz d= (2zay + Zay +a,) dz (a) Atthe point (2, 1, 0), a,-2a, a=ka, B dF =1d\xB=Idea,x _ Ide 2a, +ay) =1S ety (b) At the point (3, 1.5, 1), ai Ga, +1.5ay—7.5a;) _ ie 125 (©) Atthe point (6, 3, 2), 3a, -6ay l= (4a, +2a,+a,) de, B= Ga, -6a dF = 1 d1xB=I(4a, +2a, +a,) dex" 21a Sty 30) DLA. F=qvxB= v4 xB 2a, +28, -2,) = PoP Fx 2a, +20, -a,) (@) Forx=y=~2z, de=dy=-2de1.20. N= de (2a, ~2ay +a,) de (2a, -2a, +,) v= 2090 (29, ~20, +0,) x 2a, +2ay—a,) = 0 IFl=0 (b) For4x=4y=z+9,4dr=4 dy=de a (gactgay +m) dl 1 Stagg errata F : oh (ay +ay +4a,) x (2a, +2a, -a,) = 20By =e (-9a, +9ay) n= SOP BIBI = 2705 (©) Forx=y=222,dr=dy=4z dz dl = (42a, +4zay +a,) de = (da, ~4ay +a,) dz di_ d= Jey a ay 8) F = DP ta, 4a, +8) x(2a, +24 a) = 2080 2g - = Sp ax 28) In] = LOR Ara = 0.1641 a8 (@ Atd,2,2), B= 40 [Jqa, Kay + 2Usoay X ay + (Isp) X 8] = Hol80 (2a, +20,)= nolsolay +8.) (b) At,-2,-D,B= "0 [Json, Xa, + 2Jsoaz X (ay) + (~Jsoaz) x (-8,)] J = 40380 (-20,) = -uolsom, (©) At(-2,1,-2), B= 2 [soa x (-a,) + 2Jsoay X ay + (“Jsoaz) X (-a,) J [Ysoae X (ax) + 2Igoas X Ay + (—Iso@x) X (ae = 20530 (-2ay +2a,) = HoJso(—@y +8.) Di21. F=q(E+vxB)=0 E=-vxB (@ E=-vw(ar-ay+a)x De, +2a, =- 7080 Ga, +3a,)=—vpBolay + a,) () E=-9(a,+a,+2a,)x “O(a, +2a,~2a,) = 20RD (60, +60, +3a,) = vpBy(2a, 22, (© Fory=-z= 2x, dy=-dz=2de ai=(-fa,-ay+a,) de Yo=%0 Sp = "2 (a, -2ay +2a,) Yo (-a, -2a, +20,) xB (a, +20, -2a,) D122. y%, -$- Few - 0,008 0,2) = Fo A-cos 2-2) Ey Oe PN (coesin co-t)= 22 sin wet B wee av= (@) a 4-0 BE (a-cos w)a, +sin ot ay] 1=0;v=0 F = gE ay + q(0X Boa) = qEoay = Re. +a) 2 F = qEoay +07Roae x Boa, =~ qBoayDAL [Ela,1, @ y=x,2=0 Al=O.lay + (1-1)? Tay = 0.la, + 0.21a, gE Al = 10 (a, +a,) * (O.1a, + 0.21ay) = 031 x 10-63 =0.31 WJ () 2+y?2=2,2=0 Al aac+ [Y2=(.0? 1 fay =0.1a,—0.1112a, gE + Al = 10~ (a; + ay) * (0.lay—0.1112ay) =- 0.0112 x 10-6 J=- 0.0112 pI © y=sin 0.5m, 2=0 Al=O.lay + (sin 0.557— Day = 0.lay - 0.0123a, gE Al = 10-(a, +ay) * (0.1ay— 0.0123ay) = 0.0877 x 10-6 J = 0.087 wl D22, (a) From(0,0,0)10 (2, 0,0), y=0,dl= dr ay F=0,F+d=0 JR-az=o (b) From (0, 2, 0) to (2, 2, 0) y=2,dl=dra, F=2(a, +a) Fedl=2a,+ay)*dray=2dx 2 [Ped=[2dr=4 3 (c) From (2, 0, 0) to (2, 2,0) x=2,dl=dyay F=y(a,+a) Fe dl=y(ay+a))+ dy ay=y dy 162 Jreazfyay=2 0 23. (Bla,2, 1) =2ar-ay (@) For the x= 1 plane, ay = #a,, AS= + 0.0014, [B+ AS|=|(2a,—ay) (+ 0.001a,)| = 2x 10-3 Wb (b) From Example 1.3, for the surface 2x? + y? = 6, og Ha Xd (ara) eS * aca, xax(a,-ay] ee 0.001 aS=2 SF ax +a) [B+ AS| =Oa-ap+[ Ma, +9)] = yx 103 Wo © As= 2 a, +a, +2a,) B+ AS| = @a,—ay)+ Mla, +a, +2a,) = 10-3 Wb D244. (a) x=0,a,=2a, A=0,A+dS=0 fA-as=o xezely (b) x=2,a,=4a, A =2(a, +2), dS = + dy day AsdS=2YUax+ay)*(tdydea)=22dyde 22 i |fAras|= [ frayaes 9-0 250 © y=O,a,=+tay Asx(ar+a),dS = dedrayAvdS =xlay+a,) * (dz de ay) = #x dr de 22 |faras|= J Jxdede=4 x=02=0 @ From(o), A+ dS =22 dx dz , 2 dx |faras|= [ Jaacae s02=0 2 = fxQ-x)dr 0 oF *3 D25. B= Bo(sin ar ay ~cos a ay) A (@) [B+ dS=Asinar < 5 fEedi=— 4 (Bp sin o*) c sy =-@By cos wt V () [Beas 5 1 1 4g sin ax 5B 008 a atk Lp cal or-® Jgosin (a 4) ferar-f[emerl4] 4 © JBras s = Bo sin ax + Bo cos at = 20 sin (we + 4)stamford = 2 eb cos( ar + D26. (a) B= Bota, a “a = Bois positive <. Induced emf is negative. (b) B= Bo cos (271 + 60°) a 2nBo sin (27 + 60°) is negative at t= 0 ay dt «+ Induced emf is positive. © ©. Induced emf is zero. D27. (a) w= Bocos at Zn 4 eB pcosar) ty = 2@Bo sin ot V (©) Forz=0.01, ¢= 1000%(0.01) = 107 ‘Thus the helical path has 5 turns. ve 5( <3.) cos ux = 589 cos ax emf (SB cosax) = 5wBo sin at V 1928, Forall cases, { D+ dS = D,(0.1) = 0.16 Ex a d dE, Ig= GJ Deas = Fi OleoE,) = 0.Le9=Fe 20.1 S (Eye) = OLepE gle — 276) =0.LepEo(l - 22)” (a) t=0 [g=0.1e9Eo A oi @ ys [a= O.LepEo(1 - el? = 0 (©) t=ls Iq = 0.1e9Bo(1 2) == Ole ley A 29. (@) -I+hs+ 4 $+ as=0 2 I+ h3-21=0 Ig =3A ) 1431+ 4 $D+as=0 4 da GPDedS=-41A 5 © -3I-by+ 4 $p-ds=0 4 a 7 = 7 = D+ dS= 31+ fps =31+31=61A % 202.10. D211. @) $D-as 3 = 10-6 +33(2x 10-6) + 8-106) = 3.3923 x 10-6C = 3.3923 uC ) fD-as s = 10-6 + (V2 +1)V3(2 x10-6) + 8(-10-6) = 1.3631 x 10-6 = 1.3631 uC © $D-ds c = 2y3(2x 10-6) +10(-10-6) 3.0718 x 10-6 C 0718 we Vi + Va+ Ys= Wo. Let yi be the smallest in all cases. (@) wit (Wi +a) + (Yi +24) = o> 31 + 3a= Yo Wi + (Wi +@)—(y) + 2a)=0> wi-a=0 Yo 6 wea <+ Smallest value is % yo. ae ial (>) Let WM? and WM 2a, where a > 0. Then 1 1 wmtqie =o o ae Le vi? OW a wtqt- @ wi? From (2), w+ -yeo 2ay, ayy (1 3ayy +202y? ) + (1 = 2ay1)- (1 - ay) =0 21D212. © (a) 2ady? - day, +1=0 4416-8 Seve aia ay= ‘Then from (1), Ys Vi - “Trae Jy * 1-202 Jy ~%° ‘Thus the required value is aE Letin yp =in yy + Ina. Then In ys =In y; +2Ina. ‘Thus, yo = yia and ys = ya". vit ay +a7y1 = Yo @ vita - ay =0 @) From (2),1+a-a2=0 or @-a-1=0 _ levied _ ae Then from (1), =—Yo__ vo “\" Tata |, in, oo z 14th 1 “3 5"0 At Qs, d0s_9 31-3 + FF 13 =51-31=21 2D213. Then at Q1, 1+n3+ Deo te a 1-21=-31Cls Ta aL (b) AtQ2, 1431+ a t a 4m -21Cls (©) From (a), current flowing from Q; to 03 =2/.A From symmetry considerations and Gauss’ law for the electric field in integral form, the displacement flux emanating from one side of the regular solid (@) Tetrahedron: Number of sides = 4 Volume = 0.11785a3 Flux from one side = po x 9417854" _ o,o295<%py (b) Cube: Number of sides = 6 Volume = a3 3 Flux from one side = pp = = 0.1667a3p9 (© Octahedron: Number of sides = 8 ‘Volume = 0.471403 = 0.0589a39 3 Flux from one side = po x 247142". 23p2i4, pHedl={J+as c 3 =JoX cross-sectional area of the wire ‘Then from symmetry, fated Nintber Faas Cross-sectional area of the wire ‘Number of sides (a) Equilateral triangle: ju one side 2 Area = 3.a?sin 60° Ba? o43302 Number of sides = 3 2 JHeat=J os 0.1443 Joa one side (b) Square: Area = a2 Number of sides = 4 2 fHediet = 0.25loa? one side (©) Octagon: 2 Area = 8 x $ tan 67.5" = 4.82840? ‘Number of sides = 8 2 JH dt = Jp $8842" — 0.603690 one side 24D3.1. E = Egos (67x 1081 27) ay Vim #, __ By ae % = -% = 2m sin (6m x 1081 — 2mz) Atr= 10-8 a = —2nq sin (61 - 272) = 2nEp sin 2m 33. @) () © $0, = Hoe X10, Hy __ Ds a a, x 108-2 Fen BP 2-20 x 1081 —ttge OIF (@) z=2,1=10%, 2 = ~2Hoe"! = - 0.7358Ho 253.4, 3.5. 3.6. © 2=3,22108, Bs 0 A= yay +xyay +a, Me Be cos rete all +29) @ avctt,-1), Bee Be Me ora ) c(t -4).% FM a1d-yeo x (© Atal 0, eB ates 3 J = Jo(2x + 2y +22) Ve B29 6J=-anfery+d 2637. 3.8. (@) At (0.02, 0.01, 0.01), 2 = 0.08 (b) At (0.02, -0.01, -0.01), Ea =0 Is (© At(-0.02,-0.01, 0.01), F = 0.047 A=(x2-4)ay (@) Atthe point (2,-3, 1): Curl meter rotates in the cw sense when placed with its axis along the axis. <. z-component of curl is positive. (b) At the point (0, 2, 4): Curl meter does not rotate when placed with its axis along the z-axis. . 2component of curl is zero. (©) Atthe point (-1, 2, -1): Curl meter rotates in the ccw sense when placed with its axis along the canis. =. z-component of curl is negative. A=(x-2P a y (@) tthe point (2, 4,3): 4 acted Balloon does not expand or contract. . Divergence is zero. v7 (b) Atthe point (1, 1,1): Yy Balloon contracts. | ni -. Divergence is negative. sth 77x (©) Atthe point (3, -1, 4): yp 2 bi + Balloon expands. 4 x & . Divergence is positive. a } aan 7D3. 3.10. VAs = Bay tay 2 oP & Qoe Seer fAedi={(VxA)-dS c Ss @) f vxA+ds=[ Vx A-da, s 5 =| as=2=4 Ss ) J vxArds=[ vxArdsa, 5 3 Ly -{ s-2(4) D 5 © J VxA-ds=[ vx A+da, 5 5 =f a5 = 5x( 225s s Azxay+yay +20; f AcdS=[ (V>A)dv=[ 3 dv=3f dv s v v v = 3x volume bounded by S (a) volume =13=1 fArds=3 s 1 ©) volume (fe) 2-2 ©D3. (@) (0.05y-1?= ( - a) p= 20ay mis &) ue 0020) =u (1+ 5) Vp=~50a, m/s z (©) cos (2% 108r~2nz) = cos [pe x 1o'(« - i) p= 108a, mis D312. fiz.) = 4('- aig) “Ai s- = for ao) @ 300,2) = (02-399) = f0, 0.5) =0.25A (b) 200, 0.4) = (0.04 + 559) = 0, 14) = 0.64 (© f(100, 0.5) = (0.05- 3) =f0,0)=0 & 6 aan = i+ ip) = (e+) = {0.14 355) (a) (200,02) = {0,02 + 799)3.14. 3.15. D3.16. = g(0, 2.2)=0.9A 300 ) 9(-300,34) = (0.34 - 39g) = 9(0,0.4)=0.4A © ¢(100,0.6) =f 06 + 199) = 90, 16)=A @) ores 73x10? 30x10" 15 x 107 Hz = 15 MHz >) = 2048 - 0.040 = gg 250m © 32108 = 12 x 106 Ha = 12 Mi © af Bie H=Ho 00s (61x 1081 + 27y) ay A/m. (a) In view of the argument (61 x 108 + 2ny) for the cosine function, the direction of propagation of the wave is the -y direction. Hence the required unit vector is ~ay. () He=0,y= +. The required unit vector is ay. = Hoa ay, the required unit (©) Since Ex H must be directed along ~ay, and ~a, X a vector is ~a,. For Jsq =~Kso sin wt ay, 2= 1/4 £0580 cos (wt fea, fore>4 En= q BD cos (+ fo forz< 30E=E\+Ep _ (1+ 2238 cos (wr fe) a, fore>4 (1 4) 2480 cos (ar + Be) ag forz<0 Amplitude of E forz> 44 _|1+k| Amplitude of E forz < #4 ~ |1-K] @ feels 9(1 + 2k +2) = 1- 2k + 82+ 20k+8=0 (2k+1k+2)=0 1 kz or-2 4 z [+k [i- ) 142k+2=9(1- 2+) 812 20k +8=0 (k= 1-2) =0 142k +2 = 49(1 -2k+ 2) 4842 — 100k + 48 = 0 (4k -3)(3k-4) =0 313.17. The two fields are equal in amplitude and differ in direction by 90°. The phase difference is ~2nz + 3mz, or mz. 3.18. (@) (b) © @ (a) (b) At (3, 4, 0), the phase difference is zero. F + Fis linearly polarized. At (3,2, 0.5), the phase difference is 0.57. F| + Fis circularly polarized. At (-2, 1, 1), the phase difference is 7. Fy + Fis linearly polarized. 3, 0.2), the phase difference is 0.2. At Fy + Fis elliptically polarized. F is linearly polarized if its components are in phase, or out of phase by 180°, that is, for values of o equal to 60° and 240". Y mm For a= 60°, F = 1 005 (at + 60°) ax + 1 cos (at + 60°) ay 45 The polarization is along a line lying in the first and third quadrants. For a= 240°, F = 1 cos (ct + 60°) ay + 1 cos (wt + 240°) ay = 1 cos (at + 60°) ay — 1 cos (a + 60" oa ‘The polarization is along a line lying in the Ss second and fourth quadrants, vr ‘Thus the required value of or is 240°. F is circularly polarized if its components are out of phase by 90°. Note that their amplitudes are equal and they are perpendicular in direction. ‘Thus the possible values of a between 0° and 360° are 150° and 330°. For a= 150°, F = 10s (ar + 60°) a; + 1 cos (ax + 150°) ay = 1 cos (x + 60°) ay — 1 sin (wr + 60°) ay e290" ‘The vector rotates from the +y-direction toward the +x-direction with time. For a= 330", F = 1 cos (ar + 60°) ay + 1 cos (wt +330") ay 32D3.19. 3.20. = Leos (at + 60°) ay + 1 sin (wt + 60°) ay The vector rotates from the +x-direction toward the +y-direction with time. ‘Thus the required value of avis 330°. (©) From part (), the required value of avis 150°. H=H, cos (61x 10't- 0.272) a, E=—ngly cos (62x 10't- 0.272) a, P=EX H= mH,’ cos’ (6x 10'r-0.2mz) a, (@) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area 1 m* in the z= 0 plane atr=0 is dig = 1200 (b) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area I m? in the z =0 plane at t= t psis ‘tg'H? cos? (7.51) 2,=0 (©) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane is, < NH? cos’ 62x 10> = $ hl? = 607 H,? (@) A =< F(c0s2ax — cos4ar) > = $t-] =0 (b) = Ac cos? ar > ~0.5 Ac sin? 2ax > =0.5A< 1 + cos 2a" >-0.25 A< 1 -cos 4a > =0.5A-0.25A 254 (©) sin} at = sin we sin? ox 1-cos 2a io Le = sin a( 7 3 sin at — > sin ax cos 2x 33= } sin ax ~ f (sin 30x — sin ox) “2 = sin or 4 sin 30x siné or = (3 sino ~ 4 sin301)" 4 4 = i sin? ar + 3 sin? 3ar—3 sin or sin 30x = 7h sin? ax + sin? 300r+ 7% (cos dex — cos 200) 5 os 9.4 6 5 = 35435 = 75 = 74.20:31254 341_ O01 F204 103 am? D4.1. Be joed = 10? Alm (a) For copper, «= 5.8 x 107 Sim = 17.24 pVim (b) o =( bh + HeNel = (1700 + 3600) x 10-4 x 2.5 x 1019 x 1,6022 x 10-19 = 2.1229 Sim Jo 103 ete WW 3 Vim = B= Ea peg 108 Vim = 3.14 mVim 42. sm WILLD. D esp ess From charge neutrality in the slab, psi + ps2=0 @ For the electric field intensity inside the slab to be zero, Psa , Psi _ Ps2 _ Psp Beg * Ze 2&9 ~ 2e9~° oF, P51 ~ Ps2= PsB- PsA @ From (1) and (2), we obtain (@) psi= 5 (0s0~ Psa)() ps2= ps — Psp) D43. (a) D=psoa;= 10-6 a, C/m? _ _D _10-6x 36a © 4694x109 0) E a, = 90007 a, V/m .75 x 10-6 a, Chm? © D44. (a) E= Epa; Dz] [8 2 o}fo 0 D,|=£|2 5 O]] 0 |=) 0 DJ [0 0 9]|z 9Ep D=9e)Eoa; = 9&E Fett = 9E0; Eres = 9 () E=Eo(ax-2a,) Dz] [8 2 Of £ 4Eo Dy |=&|2 5 0) -2E |= eo] -8£0 p,| |o 0 4jL 0 0 D =4epFolas— 2ay) = 4e0E Fett = 480, Frege = 4 (© B= Boa; +ay) Dz] [8 2 0}[2E 18E9 D,|=&|2 5 0|| Eo |=&0| 9 D,| |o 0 4jLo 0 D = 9epEp(2ax + ay) = 969E eft = 90, Ereee = 9 45. (a) Number of revolutions per second = = 1000 103 Amount of charge passing per second = 1000 x 10-6 = 10-3 C 211034 362 ‘Area of the loop = (x07) = 10-6 m2 m= 103 x 10-6 a, = 10-9 a, A-m? (b) Area of the loop = (2 x 10-3)2 =2x 10-6 m? 1 =01A m =0.1x2x 10a, = 2x 10-7 a, A-m? (©) Area of the loop dav x10-9 xB x3 x10 B x 106m < Unit vector normal to the loop 1, ) BY = ea, +a, +a, gee tay tae kK 10 1 =01A x [3 1 m oaxeB x10 x-ffay +a, +a) = 5x 10° (ay + ay +a,) Am? (a) H=0.layxa,=0.la,A/m ) B= pH=100x4ax 107x019, ————— 7d =O, = 4x 10-6 a, Wo/m? a Mz 100, 4nx10-6a, ont, () M =——-H= 47x10 a, -9 1a, Sy © Ho ‘4m x10-7 = zs Oa; —0.1a,=9.9 a, Alm From computation as in Ex. 4.5, (0.00083 + j 0.00476) m=! @ 7 7 = 163.5499" Q 37(b) 7 = (77.84 + j 202.86) m1 6.34/20,99" 2 D487 =(0.05 +) 0.1) mr}, f= 106 Hz, p= no 6 = 2X10 510-6 = 62.83 m @) From77 = jou jou _ j2nx106 x4nx10-7 7 0.05+ 70.1 = 0827/90" ay 6 . = garTerea.aasr ~ 70-62 26.565" Amplitude of E_ ‘Amplitude of H = 70-622 (@) Phase difference between E and H = 26.565° = 0.1476 D49. H= Hoe cos (62x 1071-32) ay Vim Y=l+jv3 From7 7 = jou=j 62x 107 x 4x 10-7 = j24x?, qq itn? _ Unein® 1) 9, jnt6 1 Tei 22h 4: E= 12nHge* cos (6nx107 e+ a Alm 38P=EXxH = 12n2HBe2 cos{ 6 x 1071 ~ Ve +2) + ¢0s (61 x 1071/32) a, Wim? = 6n2He-22 [os Ecos (12mx107e - 28:+4)] a, Wim? (a) Instantaneous power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane at =O is 6n2H x 2cos = 102.57 H3 W (b) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z = 0 plane is 6n2HG xcost = 51.2813 W (©) Time-average power flow across a surface of area 1 m? in the z= 1 plane is On2HBe-? x cost = 6.94 H3 W 4.10. (@)6, =16 no* _ 0.5 nd =05 = * Vio ~ Yio = 0.1581 m D412. (a) Ey = Eye cos (20x 105r— 0.472) ay Material is good conductor. () Ey = Bye * 1% 0g (2m x 1051 — 2x 10-32) ay @=2nx 10°, B= 2x 103 @ _2nx10-5 B 2nx10 Material is imperfect dielectric, since from (4.94) and (4.95) or from (4.110a) and (4.1100), 7B << 1 if o/we << 1. (©) E3=£ e°™ cos (20x 105t— 0.012) ay =10%<<1 a= 0.004, B= 0.01 =04 (not equal to 1 or << 1) Material is neither a good conductor nor an imperfect dielectric. 40D413. ps =a,*D iP if D pointing away from the surface ID| if D pointing toward the surface (@)_ D= Dp(a, ~ 2a, + 2a,)pointing away from the surface, p= |D|= [Dota —2ay + 2a,)| = 3D9 (b) D=Do(a, + V3a,) pointing toward the surface; ps=-[D| =-Dolax + V3a,)| =-2Do (©) D=Do(0.8a, + 0.6a,) pointing away from the surface; Ps=|[D| = |Do(0.8a, + 0.6a,)| = Do D414, Ey = Eo(2a; +a) Eg _ Dy le Fa - Paleo 5 @) Zh popes X70, €22ey 15 Ey _2 ©) Bas Tea TP eo Ey=Ey1 = Eo En= (Fa, +a) E_ Foysti 5 2 gy 72579 3 Bcd @ 2 260% 24 Dy ~ 3eqFy = 3 Ey 22,322 35 Ts D415. (a) Is=anxH Atr=0, 41HO, 0, 0+) = HoGay 4a) Is(0, 0, 0) = a X Ho(3ay— 4ay) zr70 Free Space = Ho(4az + 3ay) ese (b) H,(0, 0, 0+) = H;(0, 0, 0-) = 10H z<0 Hy(0, 0, 0+) = H,(0, 0,0-)=0 Bx{0,0, 0+) = Bx(0, 0, 0-) = 20j10H0 H{0, 0, 04) = BHO, 0, 4) = 20H + H(O, 0, 04) = 10Ho(a, + 2a,) B(O,0,0-) _ 204H(0, 0, 0-) © 50-0, 05) = “gH, 0,04) = 29 Hoyi0041 © T0Ho i+ 4 = 8,989 D416. (a) For o= 10-3 Sim, €= 6p, = wo, and f= 106 Hz, 7 = 86.547735.7825" 2 Thai _ 865477135.7825" -377 tn +m | 86.5477135.1825 +377 = 7306.7888 + {50.6053 _ 310.9345/170.633° © “GAT2112 + 750.6053 ~ ~450.0653/6.456" = 0.6909/164.177° % =1+T =1+0.6909/164.177" = 0.3353 + j 0.1884 = 0.3846/29.331" (b) For o=4 Sim, €= 804, 1 = yo, and f= 106 Hz, Fj = 1.405/44,968" 2 For o= 10-3 Sim, € = 80é, 4 = wo, and f= 10° Hz, 7 = 41.632/6,34" Q a241.632/6.34" — 1.405/ 44.968" F1.632/6.34 + 1.405/ 44.968 nm _ 40.3833+ 3.6044 _ 40.5438/5.1004" © G23714 + 75.5903 ~ 42.7386/7.5159 = 0,9486/-2.4155" % =14T =1+0.948622.4155° = 1.9478 - j 0.04 = L9482L177" par, r= i vel 2 __2 (@) ) © 4 feq/ey '*~ Te Jeg ey Fe aT 1 oes) ele 1- 1 1+ ele 3 4=2e/6 3DS.1. a= V(2x2 + 2y2 +22 [W(ax? +292 +23] _ 4xa, t4yay+2za, 2am, +2yay + 2a, © [ara +4yay +20] xa, +2yay +a, (a) At(2, 12,0), 22a, +2V2ay _ ay +ay ” [fia, +2Vday| VE (b) At(i,1,2), 2a,+2a,+2a, a, tayta, n= Ta, Fay 2a,]~ 3 © atc, ¥2,V2), 2a,+2V2ay+V2a, _ V2a, +2ay +a, on Ta, + 22a, + Va, | 7 (@) Maximum rate of increase of ©) = IV Ola, 4,12) = [Dray + 2yay + 2zad|, 4,12) = [6a + 8ay + 24a, =26 (b) Maximum rate of increase of 2 = IVa, 4,12) = le + 2ay + 2a, 4, 12) (©) Rate of increase of ©; along the direction of the maximum rate of increase of 2 Vo, =[vo,- [ ve he (a, +2a, +2a,) = (Gay + Bay + 24a,) 1 = H{6+16+48) = 234 44DS.3. (a) V2(x2yz3) Serv % x Zayed) + Zo (xy) = 2ye3 + 6x2yz » (es) s2(A] be) B84) 1 1. = Fain 9 sin g=0 ¥ (©) V2(r2cos @) -1afnea 1 dfe9 8 5 fede cos 0] wiawh[sn9 Hr? cos | 1 + pant e pr (72 e080) =12e,3 1a = Fr FOP 0080) + a HO =6.cos 8-2cos @ =4 cos 8 B DS4, Va-Vp =f Eedl A B = J (yar t2xay +3082) + (drag +dy ay +dea) 4 B =f yz d+ ody +xy dz slot (@) For AQ, 1, 1) and B(1, 4, 0.5), -Vp=2-2=0 45DSS. (@) All point charges are equidistant _ 1 40x _ 40ne9 (b) VG, 0,0) = SS vas 1 1 V(B.872, 0,0) = 10} Se » le 6x+25 4] (b) For A(2, 2, 2) and B(1, 1, 1), 8=-7V Va- Va (©) ForA(5, 1, 0.2) and B(1, 2, 3), Va-Vp=6-1=5V from any point on the z-axis. Therefore, the potential is equal to the sum of the three point charges divided by 4zepR where Ris the distance from one of the point charges to (0,0, 3.2). Thus the potential at (0, 0, 3.2) is zero. wal = 10) 2 a 2 6x+25 x45 ine x-3 1 Setting 4a 6x4 252 * GSE we have 2-3 a (2 6x4 2592 (FSF Noting that the potential is positive for x > 0 and negative for x <0, we look for a solution greater than zero, which satisfies this equation. Using a calculator, or a personal computer, we obtain x=3.872m =13155VDSs. (a) V= 7224 2 negr * Tae * ane ory =2\2, 1 ine) | 7” p24 2 DrdcosO + 1 V+ d+ 2rdcos8 12 = 2 }2,1(;, 02 24 he 3+4( 1G Memeo 2 Uf, 4a 42a H(t Goto) "| 5 abe fo +2.+ terms involving powers of 4 * Teor 474/3, DS.7. v=v¥o(3) forO 0 ~ |0.402A for b < 0 , Lowest value of d; = 0.0982. Lo Ret od = 0.3480 (b) Zp =(12-j24)Q Fy = (12=J24)- 60 _ ~48- 24 60 ~ 72=j24 2- G+ j) 10 A[ 33-0 (21)~2nn] for bz 0 (AI8 forb > 0 0 forb<0 +. Lowest value of ds=0 +a] 074A, D79. (a) d) =0, di. =348, Zp =0.3+j0.4 0u 1_a2 sin? dy, sin? 3 Since g’ <2, a match is possible. (b) dy =A/8, din = 34/8, Zp= 5 oR Fi = FAS) _ isinnl4+2cosd4 * cosm/4+ j2sinni4 = 241 _ (2+ fA j2) = 3 Since g' <2, a match is possible. (© dy=Al4, dig = SHB, Zp = 25-75 Yi =VA4) =ZR 225 1 1 sin” Bayz sin? 3 Since g’ > 2, a match is not possible. a lex? 2x Dro, Ref = CE InP = ae @ 7 =025+0 Ref = 20625=1 __96,1mT =0) © @) DIAL. (@) Zn=(.4-Jl.) 0) Fin= 70.55 ©) 0.064 2DIA. Fp = (0.5 + 0.65) (a) SWR=3.0 (b) Minimum SWR = 1.33 (©) Minimum SWR = 2.0 (3 QY BD213. (a) Zp=2+j2 (100 4) 100) \\ reward Genevator ==, Wj50_- a Ra=h+ py = ‘Minimum SWR = 1.63 dj = (0.162 + 0.042)A = 0.2042 74(b) Felt x50 =% x100 Bm 0.25% Minimum SWR = 1.30 dy = (0.5 -0.162)2 = 0.3382 18© (10045 100) = = (a 1> 2 = s9q00+ 7100) Eereies (22% 100) 22 % = (100 100), Locus of Zp is circle with x ‘Minimum SWR = 2.42 for % = 0.7 - j0.7 +. (2%) = ¥105(0.7-j0.7/100- j100) = 83.72 761+ Pp D7.14. Zin = @ 40 2 Tem 2 x (002/A) x 1632 (ala) x 163A [pg 2 XOXO. ARTE) XTC on [ae D652p—jl.20 = 60 Uefa 0.521(~-0.809 + j0.5878) T¥052N(-0.809 + j0.5878) = 60 1.4215 - j0.3062 05785 + j0.3062 = 60 14541= 12.1561" "065451278923" = 133,3018/-40,0484" = (102.04 - 785.77) Q = 60 ) ZZ =B LTR = 3600 ~ 4 = 735-3018/— 4000484 = 27.0064/40.0484" = (20.67 + j17.38) Q s Zp+Zptanhyt © Zi 207 anhjl+Zy 7 = 60 36+ (10204 ~ 85.77) 3002.04 = 785.77) + 60 = 6 138.04— j85.77 = 19122-75146 eae mou 131.69/- 23. = 74.05(-8.85° = (73.17 -f11.39)Q {oof -Fraf’] +251} 7= 1009. «. Bo=0 (a) Zp=1002,Te=0 TW) = Tpe-2ele-s2B = 0 SPC) > _ gral = 62x(10-2/A)x104 = 60.2 SPOS OM = CAMHS PAO = ol < P()> = 10€92 = 12.214 W z Tr 20-100 ) Zp = 200, Ty = Fa = -3 Dalle j2 fl = Feo er jl4MANLOA 5458)2] 2 1-6) < PL )> = 10 x 1.5436 = 15.436 W © Zp = 3000, Ty = ZPO—108 = 3 = 1.5436 tale 12 = be02—- M6108 SPM > _ 692[1~ (0.4094)2) _ ROS" rT 3556 < P(l >= 10 x 1.3556 = 13.556 W D716. 8From the (+) and (—) wave voltage variations along the line shown in the figure, (@) line voltage at '= 1.5 us at z= 50m = 5005 + Der!5 = 34.05 V (b) line voltage at r= 1.5 us at z= 75m 50e%75 +: 35 = 28.39 3 (© _ line voltage at r= 1.5 us at z= 100m =50e1 + Bet =24.53V 98.2. = 15 x 108 Hz = 150 MHz (b) B= (1.20, +0.9ay) B= nid + 081 = 1.50 = Bry = 1.50 3 x 108 = 4.57x 108 f Fp £2.25 x 108 Hz = 225 MHz 3x108 2B f= = 4.5 x 108 Hz = 450 MHz f= 150 Mil, €= 229, w= Ho = m{0.80, + 0.6ay + a,) Phase constant along the direction of the unit vector zy (3ax—4ay + 128,) 80= (0.88; + 0.6ay +a,)* 3 (Ga, -4ay + 12a,) = Wn “Ts” Apparent phase velocity along the direction of the unit vector a (Bay — 4ay + 12a) = w/phase constant in that direction = 24150106 x13 = Rt = 325 x 106 m/s = 3.25 x 108 m/s (@) Let the equation of the plane be ax + by +z =0. Then, since ag should be along V(ax + by +2), (aay + bay + ca,)|| (08a; + 0.6ay +22). Thus the required equation is 0.8 + 0.6y +z =0, or, 4x+3y+5z=0 83. a=3cm,€=&,U= Ho (@) f=6000 MHz, TE},9 mode For f= 6000 MHz, A= Sem ALS cos = = 3 O=cos-! 3 =33.56" (b) f= 15,000 MHz, TE}, mode For f= 15,000 MHz, = 2cm A 2 1 cos = = cos! $= 70.53" 812 2 Age aha oe sin” i= ai5P = 2.121 m ) f= 15,000 MHz, TEp,9 mode cos = AWA? E=40 sin} 20m sin 2x 10!0nt ay sin} 20mx = (sin 20mx)(sin? 207) =(onanm (1-898) = H(6in20mx —sin20m cos 40m) = ysin20m—1 (sin60m—sin 20m) 3 fe ysin20ne ~ Gin 607 E =30sin 20nrsin 1010m ay ~ 10 sin 60zsin 100m ay =30sin (3) sin 1010nr ay ~10 sin (3 3) sin 101072 ay ‘TE},9 mode with Ep = 30 and TE3,9 mode with Ep = -10 are excited. To check if they both propagate, we note that dre, )=2a= 10cm=0.1m 2 Ure, = 2st = 3000 Miz fale, 9 = 9000 Miz 0, Since f= 2x100n = 1010 Hz = 10,000 MHz is greater than both cutoff frequencies, both modes propagate. Thus (@) Ep for TE},9 mode = 30 V/m 82(b) Eo for TE2,9 mode = 0 (© Eo for TE3,9 mode = -10 Vim DBS. a=3 om, €= 6.256, n= Ho @ che, =2a=6em Lele, 412x108 2.x 109 Hz = 2000 MHz vy =e 16a, ? = B.~ [06a 7k = 2.0656 kag 83© @ = Ldap — B,= {2420 oxy = OH 16a - 1.40 0.2 Jka y= *Teéay — [O%ep ~ V0.6 - V0.4 F F 4071 [ky do _ 4g — = By = 2tB= 2(o— oo)k For @= 1.5a, vg = 2y(L509 ao) = 1.4142.fka & Then, sin a= {2 enttan a= ye lene fe fi=(eley Vex 84Ruling out the negative sign, we get 2. H = 0618 DB8. 1 = 369, €2 = 960, 1 = 1a = Ho, 6 sin @ = feb sin 61 = off sings at “M6 cos 6) = cos 45° = # Ey _p, = 12 608 & — m cos 6 © FZ HT> eos GF cos Oy _ Ve £08 6 ~ 6 08 6 Yer cos 0 + fey cos O ~ 4372-4576 _ V3-415 WBiz+Va5i6 | V3 +5 0.382 2 iv5 15 E_ _2m cos E = ty cos 6 + cos Oy =1+T,=0618 E, _ Th cos 6 — My cos OF ae isp ioe _ Ye 005 0 ~ ei cos 6 fen cos 0; + fe cos @ 85= 32-1576 _ 3-5 32 +1516 345 = 0.146 Alas 2m cos 6 E, => Ty cos 8 + m cos O =a+ mp Se =(1-0.146) ue =0854 x 3 = 0.662 asin? 60° - (1/2.25) ‘0s 60 0.75 — (1/2.25) = 1.1055 aah DB9. (a) (0) = Lowest value of t is given by tan [ fl@)] = g(6) = 1.1055 AO) = tan! 1.1055 = 0.26590 ad 7 jy cos 60° = 0.26592 d _ 0.2659 _ 9 3545 Io 07: sin? 75° - (1/2.25) cos 75 _ \OS30= 04 _ = 9258s 27009 (b) 3(@) = AG) = tan-! 2.7009 = 0.38710 Haws cos 75° = 0.38710 86© (0) =2.7009 The second lowest value of & is given by tan [re - 3 = @(0)) = 2.7009 fG) = 0.38712 + 0.52 = 0.88710 = 2.2852 (a) From a computer solution of (8.87), d 5 6- 5 for 5 = 2, 6) = 83.4278 Otyad = 21.5747 gt = 1.0927 (b) For £ = 5, = 87.2356" ayaa = 54.3295 et = 10368 (©) For $ 0.5, 6;= 68.745" aad = 4.9417 eft = 1.4047 87DB.11. (a) nj sin 6 =n9 sin A 6, = 35.26" () ng sin 65 = ng sin & _sin60" "3 singo" = 13 (© &=90°- @=30" 8.12, From (8.128), 2 _ Qm+Ag _ Qm+DAg *a= "Tanga 30 Xx0.05 Fe = Biss = Moran (@) Form =0, x= 1.456749 (6) For maximum value of m, 1.4567 V2m+1 <5 2m +1< 11.781 m=5 © Form=5, (Oe%q = 0.05 x 1.4567 V1 = 0.2416 From B;= 1 +4 a2x3)= Bocos 6, 5= 13.88" 88D9. (@) a=Sem,b=2.5cm, (dre, 9= 10cm = 3x108 _ 9 F< (fete, 9= eq = 3 * 10° Hz = 3000 MHz For 2= 4, felraa, y= V5U felre, 9 = V5 x 3000 MHz = 6708.20 MHz . Required propagating frequencies are 4000 and 6000 MHz. (b) a@=4.5cm,b=1.5 cm, e=4e dlrs, =9.em _ 115x108 . [felts = ZED" = 1.667 x 109 Hz = 1667 MHz = V10 x 1667 MHz = 5271.52 MHz For 2= 4, fom, = VOL Jehre,, . Required propagating frequencies are 2000 and 4000 MHz. (© a=6cm,b=6cm, =e (che, = 12¢m 3x108 [foley 9= “gig = 2-5 * 10° Hz = 2500 MHz For 2 = 1,{ felrwy., = V2U felre, 9= V2 x 2500 MHz = 3535.53 MHz ++ None of the frequencies propagate in TE modes only. D9.2. For f= 10,000 MHz, Ay = 3 cm and 22 = 1 cm (@) For TE},9 waves, A, = 8cm 1207 1 = = 406.672 i hi-os* y= Hoe use = 2 rs ‘Besecancer wee) = 0.2756 (b) For TE;,1 waves, Ac = 8/-/5 cm = 126.662 899.3. 1207 Tel = = 691.909 ose 407 na= = 130.882 OTR os _ (130.88 - 69190)? Re (pesos ) moto (©) For TMi,1 waves, Ac = 8/-V5 cm ‘gi = 1207 4/1 -| -(:8) = 205.412 gr = 40m -(¥)'= 120.660 120.66 - 205.41 ee (Bases de ae mone 3 108 (gh)? (hy) = 3015 x 108 3.x 108(dg)"+ (db) = 304/36 x 108 35108) + (+ (= 3050 x 108 1) +(2)'= 0.5 9-5 we 8 4) ee 2600 ic 2 a) +(a5 = 10,0)? = 3000 1)*= 3000 —_~ a a ge u 10> gy =0025m=2.5em 8 = 3000 - 500 = 2500 ae 90D9.4, DIS. fosc= 3 x 108 a=25cm,b=1cm,c=5Scm (@) Assuming the range of variation of @ within the guide to be 0 < $< m, we note that the boundary conditions to be satisfied are [El,.o= Enly. g= 0 for0* te f= 2.9618 fe = 7.4045 x 109 Hz = 7.4045 GHz For this value of f, 1 6 [mex A045 10? x 4 x 107? x 5.8 x 107 = 0.0768 x 10° m Minimum value of a 1+ (1/2.9618)? "58 x 107 x 0.0768 x 1075 x 0.03 x 60z x 9/1 ~ (12.9618 += 0.0047 '=5.om, air dielectric a= 2 foc se(8) +(8) | = 3x108 V2 3.7 x 108 He 2 0.05 6 z 1.015 x 10-6m Yar 2 x10? x 4 x10? x 58 x 107 = 78292 at 2 dat eaat Dat + 4a 93= EX 5.8107 x1.015x 10-6 x120n , VB a es Th = 16,434 (b) a=25¢cm,b=2cm,d=5 cm; airdielectic 12 = 3xno8[/_1_)? |)? Jose = || F035) *\ 0.05, = 3-5 x 10° Hz 1 = 0.807 x 106m © Ye x WS x10 x 4 X10? x 58x 107 = 2.2560, M= Ho V2 Dos = 2N2 x 109 Hz 1 = 1.243 x 106m b= Jax 22 X10 x 4 x 107 x 58 x 107 5.8107 x1.243x 10-6 x 800 2 = 13,417 @ ve FE way< 2.405 : 10 2 NA< 2.405% oy Maximum allowable NA = 0.3828 (b) NA= yn? nF < 0.3828 (nf =) < 0.1465 nk > (nf - 0.1465) m > us? 01465 94ng > 1.4503 Minimum allowable value of ng = 1.4503 (© m-n2=0.04 nf —nB = (ny +a)(my ~ m2) < 0.1465 0.1465 (ny +12) < “Biggm = 3.6625 n<3 esas 00 my < 1.8513 ‘Maximum allowable value of ny = 1.8513 1.46 x 10-14 D99. (a) nL + COE = 1.6384 0) Nendo SE = 1.63844 Ap eerie: 292x10-14 =1 292x104 6384+ Osx 10-82 = 1.7552 _ 8.76x10-14 % Da =f 9 = —_816x © (0.5x10-6)3 x3 x 108 = 23.36 x 10-4 s/m-m 9523.36 x10~4 x 1012 = km: 103x109, Psa = 2336 ps/km-nm D910. dg =5.1,n=4, = 60" = Th 608 ~ my cos @ n= Ror ¥ my cos O> _ £08 0; ~n.cos 6, * Gos 8; +n cos 6, _ 1-V61 © T+¥6r rol. -r? =- 0.773 * Pe aP ind wz © FP ax6.0347 0.253 =0.2113 _ 1h 608 8 ~ my cos ©) TH = Ty cos 8 ¥ m cos By “= £08 6, ~ n.c0s 6; = cos 8, +n cos 0;61-16 _ = 0.344 Ver +16 _ x0344 Pe Togeat = 1276 Aloe Ty 44 x1.226x 0.253 = 0.8665 D911. Ap = 0.633 pm, my = 1.594, ny = 1.599 @) 06-72 n—mylde= = 63.3X1.599 _ ‘Number of wavelengths = 0633 = 159.9 7D101. di=0.14,lo=40A (@) f= 10MHz, medium is free space A=30m, dl=3m = 0 ga, x3 Phe a a F107 * =6x107C-m (b) f= 100 kHz, medium is free space A= 3000 m, dl = 300m 4n =bae Wo 2x10? x 300 =6x103C-m (©) f=25 kHz, medium is sea water 9 At f= 25 KHz, we = 21x 25x 109 x 80x 42> = 1.11 x 10-4is < ee ry B qa @ GJ] 2 a ij li 5 0 3 ali os 30 0 o 15 1515, 1 2 0 =s]o o 1 -1 11 Thus Asay +2a Bza C=-a +an+a3 116P13, (a) FromC+C=(B-A)+(B-A), we obtain (2 =B2-BeA-A+B+A2 =Al+B2-2A+B =A? + B2-2AB cos (b) The required distance = & (x area of the triangle) 1 i (2x3xAxBsin a] [AL|BY sin a © [AHBi lA xB) iA-By 17P14, (a) Ae B=2m-m+2=0 m+2=0 (b) BxC=0 a) ap a3 m 1 -2|=(2+2m)ay + (-2-2m)ag + (m?— Ia (©) AsBxC=0 20 -m -1 m1 =2|=2(2 + 2m) - m(-2- 2m) — (m2 - 1) = 0 loom 2 m2+6m+5=0 (m+ 1m +5)=0 @ D+A=2m?— mi (m2 1) =0,m=41 D+B=m3+m-2=0 (m1)? + m +2) =0 118PL4, (continued) or, Dx(AxB)=0 4 ay mom 1 zo Qm+1 -m+4 24m? Also gives m = 1. 9PLS. (B-A) and (C-A) are along a straight line. wn + B-A)x(C-A)=0 > BxC-BxA-AXC+AxA=0 AXB+BxC+CxA=0 AXB isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by A and B and directed into the paper. BXC isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by B and C and directed into the paper. CXA isa vector having magnitude twice the area of the triangle formed by C and A and directed out of the paper. :. For the tips of A, B and C to lie along a straight line, (A xB +Bx C+CXA) must be equal to the null vector. 120P16. For the tips of the vectors A,B,C, and D to lie ina plane, the vectors (A -B),(A-C), and (A—D) must lie in a plane. > aa aw" The volume of the parallelepiped formed by (A ~B), (A ~ C), and (A—D) must be zero, Thus (A-B)*(A-C)x(A-D)=0 = 2a, and D = aj + 2a - 203, For A= ay, B= 2a, A-B=aj-2a A-C=ay-2a3 A-D=~2a7 +283 1 2 0 (A-B)*(A-O)x(A-D)=|1 0-2 0 2 2 =-44+440=0 + The answer is “yes.” 121PL. ay ay a3 (a) Ax(BxC) = A A, As (ByC3 — BaCp) (Bg, — ByC3) (BC ~— BC) = (A2B1C2 — A2B2C) — A3B3C] +A3B1C3)a1 + (A3B2C3 ~ A3B3C2 ~ A1B1 C2 +A1B2Ci)ar + (AyB3C1 ~ A1B1C3 ~A2B2C3 +42B3C2)a3 = (A1Ci + A2C2 + A3C3)Biay + (A1C) + A2C2 + A3C3)B2a2 (A1Bi +A2B2 +A3B3)Cia, + (A1C} + A2C2 + A3C3)B3a3, ~ (A1By + A2B2 + A3B3)Cra2 — (AB + ApB2 +A3B3)C3a3, =(A*C)B-(A*B)C (©) () Ax(BxC)+Bx (Cx A)+Cx(AXB) (A + C)B-(A*B)C + (B+ A)C-(B+C)A+(C*B)A-(C+A)B =0 (i) (Ax B)*(BxC)x (Cx A) =(AXB)*[BxC+AC-BxC+Ca) =(BxC+A)(AXB*C) =(AXB+ ©)? 122PLB. (a) BC = \(0-0) +(0-15)* +(-20-0) = is? +207 = V6i5 =25 (b) Vector from 4 to C= -12a,~20a, Vector from B to C= —I5ay-20a, Required component 400 = 35 =16 (©) Required perpendicular distance 123,P19, Equating the distance from (x2, y2, 22) to (xo, yo, 29) to the distance from (x1, y1, 21) to 0, 0 20), We have (72- x0 + 2-0? + (22 - 20)? = (1 - 20 + 1 ~ Yo? + (Z1 - 20)? or, 4 -2nx0 + ¥} - 2290 +2 - 2e220 =a} - 2 ty} - 20+ - 22120 Rearranging, we obtain faq — x1)0 + 2 - yLy0 + @2 ~ z1)z0) =(3 +93 +3)-G3 +9 +27) Similarly, equating the distances from (x3, y3, z3) to (x0, yo, 29) and from (2x4, y4, 24) to (20, yo, 0) to the distance from (x1, y1, 21) to (0, Yo, 20), simplifying, and rearranging, we obtain two more equations. Together, the three equations can be expressed as ™-% WN 2-A)/%0 3-4 BM 3 21)) Yo *4-% M4 N MH ~ USL, (Gaked)-UP of +e) =| (3 +y8 +B)- (xP +9? + 2?) (ah + yh + 2h) - (a? +»? +27), For the four points (1, 1, 4), (3, 3, 2), (2, 3, 3), and (3, 2, 3), this equation gives 2.2 2)fm] [4 ar 2 -1}/y}=]4 2 1 -t}Le} L4 Solving, we obtain the center point of the sphere to be (1, 1, 1). The radius is J0+0+3?, or, 3. 124P1.10. (a) For an arbitrary point (x, y, 2) on the plane, the vector from P to that point is (r-11). Thus the vectors A, B, and (r—ry) must lie on the plane. Hence, the condition is AXBe(r-r1)=0. (b) Let Pe (1, 1, 2). Then (c= Day + (y— Day + (@- 2a, ‘A-= Vector from P to (2, 2, 0) = ax +ay~ 2a, fector from P to (3,0, 1) The equation is given by 1 1 2 2 -1 -1 @-1) O-D @-2) —g424y-1-xt 1-22 +4-22y-242-D=0 xtytzad 125PLIL Forx+y=2,y=22, dx + dy=0,dy=22 de dt =—dy =—22 dz dl = dea, +dyay+dz a = -2e de ay + 22 de ay + de ay = (Dear 2eay tay) de (a) At the point (2, 0, 0), 2=0 Aad, (b) At the point (1, 1, 1), l= (-2ay + 2ay + a,) de (©) Atthe point (-2, 4, 2), 2=2 l= (- 4ay+4ay +a,) de 126At(L, 1,1), de=2dy=3 de d= dz Bay + 1Say+a,) Forx=y=2,de=dy=de, dl=dz (a; +ay+a,) ‘The required unit vector is 4 Gat ay +8,) X Gay + 1Say +05) [lar +ay +a,)x Ga, + 15a, +a,) ay —4ay +3a, + y TK 127113. Consider two curves on the surface zelLttyt=4-2=2 (curve 1) yol2+22=4-1=3 (curve 2) Forcurve |, dz =0,2rdr+2y dy =0 s-2drs dy=— 2 dro —de dh = dx ay— de ay =dx (ay) Forcurve 2, dy=0,2edr + 42.dz=0 x et de=— fdr =— 5dr aye dea, haeay=de(a ayxdy me fa, x diy (a,-ay)x(: 128PLAS. dh) =deay For2x+y=2, 2de+dy=0 dy=—2dx dh, = dea, +dy ay =dra,—2dray = (ay 2ay) de dS =4dhxdh = tdz a; x (@x—2ay) de = tay +ay) dr de 129PLAS. @) (b) AQ, 223, 1) 9 (1, V3, 1) B(2V3, n/6, -2) + (3, V3, -2) C(2, 516, 0) > (-V3, 1,0) ‘Volume of parallelepiped = Absolute value of 1 1 30 VB -2 “B10 = |2+V3(2v3)+6] =14 D(V3, 12, 2.5) > (0, V3, 2.5) Vector from A to B= 2a,— 3a, Vector from A to C = (-V3 — I)ay + (1 - V3)ay—ay Vector from A to D = —ay + 1.Say 2 o 3 (3-) -v3) =I -1 0 LS =3(1- ¥3)-3(1- V3) =0 +. D lies in the plane containing A, B, and C. 130PLIG. spherical Cartesian A(1, m2, 0) _ ACI, 0, 0) B(VB, m/4,73) = —> — BUI, V3,2) cA, 0,0) — =, 0,1) D(Vi2, 216,22) —+ — D(0, V3, 3) Vector from A to C= a + a,, say, Ry Vector from B to D = ~a, + a;, say, Ra Vector from A to B = ~/3ay + 2a,, say, R3 ‘Vector from C to D = Vay + 2a,, say, Rq R,=Rp and R3 =Rg ABDC is a parallelogram. Area =|R3 xR, | =| Bay + 2a,) x =| V3a, - 2a, + V3a, | rae = vid +a,)| 131PLI7. A = cos @ax+sin 9a = atza B =-sin ga, +cos gay C =-sin gay +cos day ay ay a (©) BxC = eet t 0 1 vB “2-7 ° =a 132PLI8, A =sin @cos $ a+ sin O sin $ ay+ cos Oa; T og E in Z sin Z x =sin § cos Fa, +sin F sin Fay +cos a, B =cos Bcos $a, + cos O sin ay- sin Oa, cos # x in = 00s $c0s 0 a, +008 F sin O ay —sin % a, 10 0 = 1 4B =O 3 °F 1 doo - 2-3 =—G 133P1.19. The spherical coordinates of (1, 1, V2) are res F142 =2 T+1 @=tant TE = ala eta! j= 4 Then in Z cos Z E cog E x a, = sin F cos 7 ay, +008 5 cos 7 ag —sin Fag oer aie 2 astZ vz * = sin ® sin 2 a, +cos Zsin = z a, = sin J sin J a,, +cos 5 sin F ag +cos Fag 13471.20, [are ~ Vag +382]. 55 5) = (cos $+ V3 sin g)ay + (sin ¢- V3 cos pay + 3az = (cos $+ Wisin Fae + (sin — cos = 2a, + 3a [an toa, c13.016) (3sin $ cos E- 8 cos ¥ cos % +sn Fag + (9sin sin J — 5 cos § sin F cos Fa, + (308 +5 sin Re “" =Tartray Vv = af-ya; + xay) (®) cylindrical: Vv =orcag (©) spherical: reag =rysin Bag V =arssin Oag Constant magnitude surfaces are cylinders having the z-axis as their axes. Direction lines are circles in the z = constant planes and centered on the z-axis. 140P1.26. (a) For (2ya;—xay), x dx + 2ydy=0,de=0 a(22+y?)=0,ae=0 Fy EM ae 2g St yPeCy2=@ For the point (1, 2, 3), and the equation is given by +2229, (b) For (xa; + yay+za,), Inx=Iny+In Cy =Inz+In Cp Inx=In Cyy=In Cz x= Ciy= Cx For the point (1, 2, 3), 1=2C,=3C2 C=h.0=4 and the direction line is given by 41PL27. For (sin ¢a,+cos pag), He tan dg, dz=0 Inr=-Incos + In Cy, z= C2 rein z= Inrein ag. 2= Co reos $= C1, z= C2 For the point (2, 2/3, 1), C1=2005 $=1, C2=1 and the direction line is given by cos $= 1, 142P128. For (2.cos 0a,~sin 829), dr___rd0 _rsinodo Teosd==sind= 0 M2 cora0, dp=0 Inr=~2Insin 6+ In Cy, 9= C2 In r+ In sin? @= In Cy, 6= C2 rsin? @= Ci, 9=C2 For the point (2, 2/4, m6), Cy=2sin? Ee and the direction line is given by rsin? 0=1.6= 143,1.29. From symmetry considerations, itis sufficient to consider one of the four charges, as shown in the figure. Thus the force on each Direction is away from the center of the tetrahedron:O 1 1 pi30. F = 4)-—1 a,41 5a, | @-ay * as ay® tor @ +a? 7 * = 4Q2)__ dA 49 @- ye * ra » B= 108% H Fe egy var the origin 145P131. (a) Fora solution to exist, a necessary (but not sufficient) condition is that there must be a point of intersection between the straight lines along the field vectors. Thus the two vectors Ej = (2a, + 2ay +a,) V/m at (2, 2, 3) and Ep = (ay + 2ay + 2a,) at (-1, 0, 3) must lie in a plane, or, the determinant 2 2 1 1 2 2 3°92 0 must be zero, Since it is equal to (-8 + 12-4) = 0, the two vectors do lie in a plane and hence there is a point of intersection. The equations of the two straight lines are 2-y _3-z or, x=y,x-2 Assuming a point charge @ at (-2, -2, 1), its value required to produce Ey is given by Ol4a, +4ay +2a,) 4ne9(16+16+ 4)? ir t+ Day + ay or, Q = 43218, Value of Q required to produce Ep is given by Ola, +2ay +2a,) way + Day +2, 4neg(+4+4) ne or, Q = 10878. Since the two values of Q are not the same, there is no solution to the problem. (b) Following in the same manner as in (a), we first check to see if Ey and Ea lie ina plane. Since 146