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Cathode Ray Tube: IT E3/L - Graphic and Visual Computing

This document introduces techniques for modeling and presenting 2D and 3D objects and environments. It discusses raster scan and random scan display techniques, describing how a cathode ray tube works and how images are stored and displayed. It also lists several applications of computer graphics such as GUIs, business presentations, cartography, medical imaging, engineering drawings, training, and entertainment.

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khristian paul gentoleo
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50 views5 pages

Cathode Ray Tube: IT E3/L - Graphic and Visual Computing

This document introduces techniques for modeling and presenting 2D and 3D objects and environments. It discusses raster scan and random scan display techniques, describing how a cathode ray tube works and how images are stored and displayed. It also lists several applications of computer graphics such as GUIs, business presentations, cartography, medical imaging, engineering drawings, training, and entertainment.

Uploaded by

khristian paul gentoleo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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IT E3/L - Graphic and Visual Computing

MODULE 1

Course Description

This course introduce the various techniques used to model 2D and 3D objects and
environments and to present them to the user so that important aspects can be easily
visualized. This includes, but it certainly not limited to (photo-) realistic rendering of 3D scenes
and animation.

Computer graphics is an art of drawing pictures on computer screens with the help of
programming. It involves computations, creation, and manipulation of data. In other
words, we can say that computer graphics is a rendering tool for the generation and
manipulation of images.

Cathode Ray Tube


The primary output device in a graphical system is the video monitor. The main
element of a video monitor is the Cathode Ray Tube CRTCRT, shown in the following
illustration.
The operation of CRT is very simple −
 The electron gun emits a beam of electrons cathoderayscathoderays.
 The electron beam passes through focusing and deflection systems that direct it
towards specified positions on the phosphor-coated screen.
 When the beam hits the screen, the phosphor emits a small spot of light at each
position contacted by the electron beam.
 It redraws the picture by directing the electron beam back over the same screen
points quickly.
There are two ways RandomscanandRasterscanRandomscanandRasterscan by
which we can display an object on the screen.

Raster Scan
In a raster scan system, the electron beam is swept across the screen, one row at a
time from top to bottom. As the electron beam moves across each row, the beam
intensity is turned on and off to create a pattern of illuminated spots.
Picture definition is stored in memory area called the Refresh Buffer or Frame Buffer.
This memory area holds the set of intensity values for all the screen points. Stored
intensity values are then retrieved from the refresh buffer and “painted” on the screen
one row scanlinescanline at a time as shown in the following illustration.
Each screen point is referred to as a pixel pictureelementpictureelement or pel. At
the end of each scan line, the electron beam returns to the left side of the screen to
begin displaying the next scan line.
Random Scan VectorScanVectorScan
In this technique, the electron beam is directed only to the part of the screen where the
picture is to be drawn rather than scanning from left to right and top to bottom as in
raster scan. It is also called vector display, stroke-writing display, or calligraphic
display.
Picture definition is stored as a set of line-drawing commands in an area of memory
referred to as the refresh display file. To display a specified picture, the system
cycles through the set of commands in the display file, drawing each component line in
turn. After all the line-drawing commands are processed, the system cycles back to the
first line command in the list.
Random-scan displays are designed to draw all the component lines of a picture 30 to
60 times each second.
Application of Computer Graphics
Computer Graphics has numerous applications, some of which are listed below −
 Computer graphics user interfaces GUIsGUIs − A graphic, mouse-oriented
paradigm which allows the user to interact with a computer.
 Business presentation graphics − "A picture is worth a thousand words".
 Cartography − Drawing maps.
 Weather Maps − Real-time mapping, symbolic representations.
 Satellite Imaging − Geodesic images.
 Photo Enhancement − Sharpening blurred photos.
 Medical imaging − MRIs, CAT scans, etc. - Non-invasive internal examination.
 Engineering drawings − mechanical, electrical, civil, etc. - Replacing the
blueprints of the past.
 Typography − The use of character images in publishing - replacing the hard
type of the past.
 Architecture − Construction plans, exterior sketches - replacing the blueprints
and hand drawings of the past.
 Art − Computers provide a new medium for artists.
 Training − Flight simulators, computer aided instruction, etc.
 Entertainment − Movies and games.
 Simulation and modeling − Replacing physical modeling and enactments

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