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1.amlitude Modulation & Demodulation

This document outlines an experiment to study amplitude modulation and demodulation using various equipment like an AM modulator and demodulator trainer, oscilloscope, and MATLAB software. It includes the objectives, equipment needed, block diagrams of the modulator and demodulator sections, procedures to perform the experiment, expected waveforms, and reasoning questions about AM concepts. The goal is to modulate a carrier signal with a modulating signal, observe the modulated waveform, calculate the modulation index, and then demodulate the signal to retrieve the original modulating signal.

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neha yarrapothu
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37 views4 pages

1.amlitude Modulation & Demodulation

This document outlines an experiment to study amplitude modulation and demodulation using various equipment like an AM modulator and demodulator trainer, oscilloscope, and MATLAB software. It includes the objectives, equipment needed, block diagrams of the modulator and demodulator sections, procedures to perform the experiment, expected waveforms, and reasoning questions about AM concepts. The goal is to modulate a carrier signal with a modulating signal, observe the modulated waveform, calculate the modulation index, and then demodulate the signal to retrieve the original modulating signal.

Uploaded by

neha yarrapothu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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G.N.I.T.

S – ETM DEPARTMENT

Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation

Aim: To study Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation and sketch the


relevant wave forms to find the modulation index.

Equipment Required:

1. Amplitude Modulation & Demodulation trainer


2. (0-20) MHz CRO
3. Connecting cords & probes.
4. PC with Windows OS
5. MATLAB 7.5V Software

Block Diagram:

Modulator:

Modulating Signal
Generator
A.M modulator A.M Signal

Carrier Generator

Demodulator:

A.M Demodulator Demodulated


A.M Signal
(Diode Detector) Signal

Lab Incharge HOD, ETE


G.N.I.T.S – ETM DEPARTMENT

Theory: Modulator section illustrates the circuit of modulating


amplifier employing a transistor as an active device in CE mode.
R1 & R2 establish a quiescent forward bias for the transistor.
The modulating signal fed at the emitter section causes the
bias to increase or decrease in accordance with the modulating
signal. C3 is bypass capacitor for carrier.
Thus the carrier signal applied at the base gets amplified more
when the amplitude of the modulating signal is at its maximum
and less when the amplitude of the modulating signal is small. C 2
couples the modulated signal to output of the modulator.

Demodulation involves two operations.


i) Rectification of the modulated signal and
ii) Elimination of RF components of the rectified signal.
The diode in the circuit diagram of demodulator does half wave
rectification. The rectified signal is applied to a low pass filter
to extract the modulating signal.
Procedure:

1. Trace the circuit according to the given circuit diagram.

2. Measure the frequency & amplitude (p-p) of the fixed carrier signal.

3. Apply fixed frequency carrier signal to RF input terminals.

4. Apply modulating signal to AF input terminals.

5. Note down and trace the modulated signal envelope on the CRO screen.
6. Find the modulation index by measuring V max and Vmin from the
modulated (detected/ traced) envelope.
=(Vmax –Vmin)/(Vmax+Vmin)

7. Repeat the steps 4, 5 & 6 by changing the amplitude of the modulating


signal so as to observe under modulation and perfect modulation.

8. For demodulation, apply the amplitude modulated signal as an input to


the demodulator and verify the demodulated output with respect to
the applied modulating signal.
G.N.I.T.S – ETM DEPARTMENT

Expected Waveforms:
Carrier Signal
VC

Vm
Modulating Signal

t
G.N.I.T.S – ETM DEPARTMENT

Demodulated Signal
Vm

Reasoning Questions
Tm
1. Define Amplitude Modulation and sketch the spectrum for sinusoidal
modulating signal.
2. Give the significance of modulation index.
3. Specify the bandwidth requirements of AM signal, compare with other
AM schemes (DSB_SC, SSB).
4. What are the limitations of square law modulator?
5. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of envelope and square law
demodulators.
6. Illustrate the detection of AM signal.
7. Define envelope distortion and suggest a remedy to arrest it.
8. Tabulate the power content of different sidebands and carrier for
 = 0.1, 0.3, 1.
9. Mention few applications of AM.
10. Write the power relations for AM signal, listing down the amount of
power lying with Side Bands & Carrier.

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