Multiple Choice Questions

Multiple choice questions
(i) Which one of the following industries uses limestone as a raw material.
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Sugar
(d) Jute
Solution: (b) Cement
(ii) Which one of the following agencies markets steel for the public sector
plants?
(a) HAIL
(b) SAIL
(c) TATA Steel
(d) MNCC
Solution: (b) SAIL
(iii) Which one of the following industries uses bauxite as a raw material?
(a) Aluminium
(b) Cement
(c) Jute
(d) Steel
Solution: (a) Aluminium
iv) Which one of the following industries manufactures telephones, computer,
etc?
a) Steel
(b) Electronic
(c ) Aluminium
(d) Information Technology
Solution: (b) Electronic
2. Answer the following briefly in not more than 30 words.
(i) What is manufacturing?
Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to
more valuable products is called manufacturing.
ii) Name any three physical factors for the location of the industry.
Physical factors essential in deciding the location of an industry are −
availability of raw materials, availability of capital and the proximity to the
market.
(iii) Name any three human factors for the location of an industry
Human factors essential in deciding the location of an industry are − availability
of cheap labour, availability of services such as consultants and financial
advice, and resources for maintaining labour.
(iv) What are the basic industries? Give an example.
Basic or key industries are the industries which supply their product or raw
materials to manufacture other goods. Example – Iron and steel industries
provide iron and steel to other industries as the raw material.
(v) Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
The important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement are:
limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum. Apart from these, coal, electric power
and rail transportation are also needed.
3. Write the answers to the following questions in 120 words.
(i) How are integrated steel plants different from mini steel plants? What
problems does the industry face? What recent developments have led to a rise in
the production capacity?
Integrated steel plants are large and handle everything in one complex – from
putting together raw material to steel making, rolling and shaping.
Mini steel plants are smaller, have electric furnaces, use steel scrap and sponge
iron. They have re-rollers that use steel ingots as well. They produce mild and
alloy steel of given specifications.
The challenges faced by the steel industry are:
1. High cost and limited availability of coking coal
2. Lower productivity of labour
3. Irregular supply of energy
4. Poor infrastructure
Recent developments such as liberalisation and foreign direct investment (FDI)
have given a boost to the industry with the efforts of private entrepreneurs.
(ii) How do industries pollute the environment?
Industrial pollution and its types:
1. Air pollution- Smoke is emitted by chemical and paper factories, brick
kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories that
ignore pollution norms. Air-borne particulate materials contain both solid and
liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke.
2. Water pollution- Major water pollutants are dyes, detergents, acids and
salts. Heavy metals like lead and mercury, pesticides and fertilizers and
synthetic chemicals with carbon, plastics and rubber, etc. discharged in the
water bodies without treatment pollute these water bodies.
3. Noise pollution- The generators, compressors, machines, furnaces, looms,
exhaust fans, etc. used by industries create a lot of noise. Noise can raise blood
pressure and can have physiological effects as well.
4. Land pollution- Land and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of
industrial wastes especially glass, harmful chemicals, industrial effluents,
packing, salts and garbage into the soil.
5. Thermal pollution- Wastes from nuclear power plants, nuclear and
weapon production facilities cause cancer and birth defects.
(iii) Discuss the steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by
industry.
The steps to be taken to minimise environmental degradation by industry are as
follows:
(a) To control water pollution, industrial effluents need to be treated on all three
levels (primary, secondary and tertiary); the use of water for processing should
be minimised via reuse and recycling; rainwater can be harvested to meet water
requirements, and ground water usage should be regulated by law.
(b) For the minimisation of air pollution, smoke stacks should be fitted to
factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial
separators. Also, smoke can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal.
(c) Noise pollution can be controlled by fitting generators with silencers,
redesigning machinery to reduce noise, and using earplugs and earphones
besides other noise absorbing material.

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