Chapter 2: The Definition, Forms, and Purposes of and The Approaches To Community Action

CHAPTER 2: THE DEFINITION, FORMS,
AND PURPOSES OF AND THE

APPROACHES TO COMMUNITY ACTION
COMMUNITY ACTION
Community action is a manifestation of a collective
grasp and ownership of a situation that generally
has an effect on them. Such situation touches their
sense and sensibilities as individuals and as a group.
IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS OF
COMMUNITY ACTION
1.COMMON CONTEXT – People live in a
similar setting and/or locality.
2.COMMON EXPERIENCE – People
encounter a comparable experience
individuality or collectively.
3.COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF AN
ISSUE – People have more or less a similar
IMPORTANT INGREDIENTS OF
COMMUNITY ACTION
4. COMMON ANALYSIS – People went through a process
of analyzing the issue and may have a similar take on the
issue, partly or in a whole.
5. AN ACCEPTABLE STANDARD – People usually
establish a minimum standard in undertaking an action
together.
6. AN ACTION THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO THE
COMMUNITY – People discuss and agree on what action
to take, who will take the lead, who will do the supporting
FOUR GENERAL PHASES OF COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION PROCESS (ANDRES, 1988)
1. ISSUE IDENTIFICATION, ANALYSIS, AND
DISSEMINATION
This phase is the key step toward the
development of community. Relevant
community information is collected,
consolidated, analyzed, defined, processed,
and disseminated.
2. MOBILIZATION OF COMMUNITY
 This phase is the step of gathering people to meet
regularly, discuss community problems, plan as a
community, formulate implementing mechanisms,
identify community leaders and organizational
structure, and develop systems.
ORGANIZATION PROCESS (ANDRES,
1988)
3. ORGANIZATION
 This is the “bolt-in” phase where all the resources,
material or nonmaterial, process or product, soft or
hard technology, and physical and spiritual are
mapped out and consolidated.
4. On Education
This is the skills development or human
resource enhancement phase. Members
are provided with necessary skills,
knowledge, and orientation.
To facilitate a process of appreciating
community dynamics, community change
agents must be aware of the following:
1.KNOW THE COMMUNITY ISSUE
2.ANALYZE THE ISSUE FROM
DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVE
3.IDENTIFY AND GET TO KNOW THE
RELEVANT COMMUNITY
STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS
To facilitate a process of appreciating
community dynamics, community change
agents must be aware of the following:
4. IDENTIFY AND GET TO KNOW
THE PLAYERS
5. IDENTIFY COMMUNITY POWER
ACTORS
6. TRACE CONNECTIONS
THREE FORMS OF COMMUNITY
ACTION
COMMUNITY CITIZENSHI SOLIDARIT
ENGAGEMENT P Y
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
The term engagement denotes interaction, sharing,
and relationships at different levels. It can be
defined as the partnership between two parties,
such as academic institutions and local communities
for mutual benefits, and it is characterized by
reciprocal relations.
FOUR-PART DEFINITION OF
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
• ACTIVE COLLABORATION
• BUILDS ON THE RESOURCES, SKILLS,
AND EXPERTISE AND KNOWLEDGE OF
THE CAMPUS AND COMMUNITY
• IMPROVES THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE
COMMUNITIES
• IN A MANNER THAT IS CONSISTENT WITH
THE CAMPUS MISSION
CITIZENSHIP
CITIZENSHIP - denotes membership of a
citizen in a political society. The membership
implies a duty of allegiance on the part of the
member and a duty of protection on the part of
the state.
CITIZEN - refers to a member of a democratic
community who enjoys full civil and political rights
and is accorded protection inside and outside the
RIGHTS OF A CITIZEN
• RIGHT TO LIFE
• RIGHT TO WORSHIP
• RIGHTS PERTAINING TO MORAL OR CULTURAL
VALUES
• ECONOMIC RIGHTS
• POLITICAL RIGHTS
Based on the concept of social justice, denial of these
rights injures the whole human community and breaks
solidarity among the people.
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
CITIZEN PARTICIPAN then may be
undertaken in two levels:
1. Community Level – Community
development
2. State Level – Political participation such as
making public officials accountable to the
people.
SOLIDARITY
Generally, solidarity is about regarding our
fellow human beings justly and respecting
who they are as persons (BJPI, 2007).
From the perspective of the Catholic
Social Teachings, solidarity is about
treasuring our fellow human beings and
regarding who they are as people of God.
MORALIZED COMMUNITY
Based on the concept of Andrew Mason (as
indicated by Dobrazanski, n.d.), a community
is also called a moralized community.
This viewpoint sees a community not simply
as an assemblage of people brought together
by their common experience, practice, and
shared values, but also as a collective
LESSON 2
THE SOCIAL SITUATION
ECONOMIC ISSUE
ECOLOGICAL ISSUE
POLITICAL ISSUE
SOCIAL ISSUE
KEY DATA PER STRUCTURE THAT NEED TO
BE COLLECTED AND ANALYZED
STRUCTURE WHAT TO LOOK INTO
 The economic structures
1. ECONOMIC shape the basic patterns of
production, distribution,
exchange, and
consumption in a society.
 In studying political
2. POLITICAL structures, we look
into the institutional
concentration of
power or the power
within the
community.
 Cultural structure
3. CULTURAL serve as the
institutional bases
for the myths and
symbols of society.
THE MODELS OF
SOCIAL CHANGE
THREE REASONS WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO
APPRECIATE THESE PERSPECTIVES:
1. To understand the responses taken by those

in position of influence and authority to a
given situation.
2. To help us know our strengths and
weaknesses as change agents.
3. To help us reflect and discern.
THREE MODELS OF SOCIAL
CHANGE (FORD, 1987)
1. TRADITIONAL STRUCTURE OF
PATRONAGE AND DEPENDENCE
In this model, power is concentrated at
the top. Both the leaders and the
followers compete for patronage and
connections.
CHANGE (FORD, 1987)
2. CLASS CONFLICT MODEL
 This model portrays a lower class-higher
class relationship. The lower class is the
oppressed, and the higher class is the
oppressed.
CHANGE (FORD, 1987)
3. INTEREST GROUP MODEL
In this model, society is composed of a variety of
groups and organizations coming from the lower
strata of the society, each with its common
interest and seeking to be heard and to influence
policy decisions and actions.
SYSTEMATIC CHANGE AND
PERSONAL CHANGE
•SYSTEMATIC CHANGE – looks into
institutional systems and economic,
political, and sociocultural structures.
•PERSONAL CHANGE – requires looking
into the individual’s value and principles.
SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AS A
PROCESS OF SOCIAL CHANGE
• SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (SD) is a key process in social
change. This concept has a wide array of descriptions
as it is being used widely by social development
workers and advocates.
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AS A
PROCESS FOR COMMUNITY ACTION
• COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT (CD) is generally
defined as a process wherein community
members come together to take collective action
and generate solutions to common problems
and pursue community well-being (economic,
social, environmental, and cultural).
SIGNIFICANT FEATURES OF COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT (FORD, 1987)
1. BUILDS COMMUNITY CAPACITY
- CD facilitates building the community’s capacity to address issues,
find common ground, and balance competing interests.
2. BUILDS COMMUNITY
- CD is about community building where the process is as important
as the results.
3. LINKED WITH COMMUNITY WORK AND PLANNING
- CD involves networking and linking nongovernmental
organizations, universities, and government institutions to advance the
4. EMPOWERS INDIVIDUAL AND GROUPS
- CD processes through community building and community
organizing, empower individuals and groups, by providing them with
skills they need to effect change.
5. STRENGTHENS THE COMMUNITY
- CD emphasizes self-help, mutual support, capacity development,
neighborhood integration, and promotion of collective action.
6. STRENGTHENS CIVIL SOCIETY
- CD strengthen civil society through prioritization of community
actions and aligns their perspectives in the development of social,
7. BUILDS ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP
- CD strengthens the capacity of people as active citizens
through community groups, organizations, and networks;
8. INCULCATES THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY ACTION
- CD has a set of core values and social principles that include
human rights, social inclusions, equality and respect for diversity,
and specific skills and knowledge base.
9. SUPPORTS ESTABLISHMENT OF STRONG COMMUNITIES
- CD helps the people to recognize and develop their abilities
SIGNIFICANT FORMS OF ACTION IN
COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
1. COLLECTIVE ACTION
- It is the process of finding the power of combined voices and
determination, mobilizing people, acting for their mutual benefit, or
championing the interest of those who cannot stand up for themselves.
2. INFORMAL EDUCATION
- It is learning that takes place predominantly through direct
involvement in community activities.
3. ORGANIZATION DEVELOPMENT
- Help organizations by enabling the members to achieve their goals.
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
“COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS NOT MERELY

COMPLIANCE BUT RATHER AN ACT OF
KINDNESS THAT REQUIRES PROPER USAGE OF
KNOWLEDGE AND EXERTION OF
RESPONSIBILITY.”
(GUIMBA, LITA, NIDEA, RANCES & SALAPARE,
2019)
COMMUNITY ACTION
INGREDIENTS COMMUNITY PROCESS OF FORMS
ORGANIZATIONAL PROCESS APPRECIATING CD
COMMON
ISSUE IDENTIFICATION, KNOW THE
CONTEXT COMMUNITY
ANALYSIS, AND COMMUNITY ISSUE ENGAGEMENT
DISSEMINATION
COMMON ANALYZE THE ISSUE
EXPERIENCE FROM DIFFERENT
MOBILIZATION OF PERSPECTIVE CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS AND
COMMUNITY RESPONSIBILITIES
COMMON COMMUNITY LEVEL
CONTEXT IDENTIFY AND GET TO KNOW CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
ORGANIZATION THE RELEVANT COMMUNITY STATE LEVEL

SOLIDARITY MORALIZED
COMMON STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS
COMMUNITY
UNDERSTANDING
OF AN ISSUE
IDENTIFY AND GET TO
ON
KNOW THE PLAYERS
COMMON EDUCATION
ANALYSIS
IDENTIFY COMMUNITY
POWER ACTORS
AN ACCEPTABLE
STANDARD
TRACE CONNECTIONS
AN ACTION THAT IS ACCEPTABLE TO
THE COMMUNITY
COMMUNITY ACTION
THE SOCIAL STRUCTURES SIGNIFICANT FEATURES FORMS OF ACTION
SITUATIONS COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
ECONOMIC ISSUES ECONOMIC BUILDS COMMUNITY CAPACITY COLLECTIVE

ACTION
BUILDS COMMUNITY
ECOLOGICAL
ISSUES POLITICAL LINKED WITH COMMUNITY WORK AND INFORMAL
PLANNING EDUCATION
POLITICAL
ISSUES EMPOWERS INDIVIDUALS AND GROUPS
CULTURAL ORGANIZATION
STRENGTHENS THE COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT
SOCIAL
ISSUES STRENGTHENS CIVIL SOCIETY
BUILDS ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP
INCULCATES THE PRINCIPLES OF

COMMUNITY ACTION
SUPPORTS ESTABLISHMENTS OF
STRONG COMMUNITIES
QUIZ TIME!
Identification:
1. It is a manifestation of a collective grasp and ownership of a
situation that generally has a effect on them.
2. This model is from the Marxist perspective that portrays a lower
class-higher class relationship.
Enumeration:
3-4. Give atleast 2 important ingredients of a community
5-6. Give atleast 2 type of social situation.
QUIZ TIME!
True or False:
7. The term engagement denotes interaction, sharing, and
relationships at different levels.
8. Citizenship refers to a member of a democratic community
who enjoys full civil and political rights.
9. In community action, to discuss and agree on what action to
take, to have a leader, to do the supporting roles and their
tasks are important. 10. Social change requires looking into
the individual’s value and principles

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Chapter 2: The Definition, Forms, and Purposes of and The Approaches To Community Action

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CHAPTER 2: THE DEFINITION, FORMS,

AND PURPOSES OF AND THE

1. To understand the responses taken by those

“COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT IS NOT MERELY

ORGANIZATION THE RELEVANT COMMUNITY STATE LEVEL

ECONOMIC ISSUES ECONOMIC BUILDS COMMUNITY CAPACITY COLLECTIVE

BUILDS ACTIVE CITIZENSHIP

INCULCATES THE PRINCIPLES OF

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