CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION
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11 JANUARY 2019 (a.m.)

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TEST CODE 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 0

SUBJECT CHEMISTRY – Paper 02

PROFICIENCY GENERAL

REGISTRATION NUMBER

SCHOOL/CENTRE NUMBER

NAME OF SCHOOL/CENTRE

CANDIDATE’S FULL NAME (FIRST, MIDDLE, LAST)

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DATE OF BIRTH D D M M Y Y Y Y
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FORM TP 2019005 JANUARY 2019

CARIBBEAN E XAM I NAT I O N S COUNCIL

CARIBBEAN SECONDARY EDUCATION CERTIFICATE®

EXAMINATION

CHEMISTRY

Paper 02 – General Proficiency

2 hours and 30 minutes

READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY.

1. This paper consists of SIX questions in TWO sections.

2. Answer ALL questions.

3. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. Do NOT write in the margins.

5. Where appropriate, ALL WORKING MUST BE SHOWN in this booklet.

6. You may use a silent, non-programmable calculator to answer questions.

7. If you need to rewrite any answer and there is not enough space to do so on the
original page, you must use the extra lined page(s) provided at the back of this
booklet. Remember to draw a line through your original answer.

8. If you use the extra page(s) you MUST write the question number clearly in
the box provided at the top of the extra page(s) and, where relevant, include
the question part beside the answer.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.

Copyright © 2018 Caribbean Examinations Council

All rights reserved.
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SECTION A

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Do NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1.

1. An experiment was carried out to determine the percentage of iron in an iron salt sample.
A 0.500 g sample of iron salt was placed in a conical flask. To it, 25.0 mL of dilute sulfuric acid,
10 mL of phosphoric acid and 8 drops of an indicator were added. The contents of the flask were
mixed and titrated against a 0.020 mol dm-3 solution of potassium dichromate until the end point
was reached. The ionic equation for the reaction is given below.

Cr2O72- + 6Fe2+ + 14H+ → 6Fe3+ + 2Cr3+ + 7H2O

Figure 1 shows the burette readings of the initial and final volumes of EACH titration.

Figure 1. Burette readings

(a) List the apparatus that would be necessary to carry out the experiment.
Cronical flask and Funnel
..............................................................................................................................................
Burette
..............................................................................................................................................
Retort Stand and Clamp
..............................................................................................................................................
Indicator
..............................................................................................................................................
Pipette

Dropper
..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
Stiring Rod

Phosphoric acid

Dilute Sulfuric acid

Iron Salt

Potassium dichromate GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE

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(b) Use the information in Figure 1 to complete Table 1.

TABLE 1: TITRATION VALUES OBTAINED FROM EXPERIMENT

Burette Readings (cm3) Titration 1 Titration 2 Titration 3

Final volume 21.95 21.85 19.50

Initial volume 2.00 1.85 1.50
Volume of solution used 19.95 20.00 18.00 *
* *
(9 marks)
Type text here
(c) (i)
Use an asterisk (*) to indicate the titration data that should be used to obtain the
average titration volume of potassium dichromate used in the experiment.
(1 mark)

(ii) Hence, calculate the average volume of potassium dichromate used in the experiment
and record the value to two decimal places.

(19.95+20.00+18.00)/2 = 19.31 ml of potassium dichromate

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(d) Using the information from (c) (ii), calculate the average number of moles of potassium
dichromate used in the experiment.

0.02*19.31/1000 = 0.0004 moles

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(e) From the equation given on page 4, determine the number of moles of iron ions (Fe2+)
that react with 1 mole of dichromate ions (Cr2O72-).

Cr2O7^2- = 0.0004 mol = 0.0024 mol Fe^2+

..............................................................................................................................................
1: 6 ratio
..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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(f) Calculate the number of moles of iron in the iron salt sample.

All ion used so 0.0024 mols of ion used

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(g) Calculate the mass of iron in the iron salt sample.

[Molar mass of Fe is 55.8 g mol-1.]

55.8/0.0024 = .134 grams
..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(h) Calculate the percentage of iron in the iron salt sample.

0.134/.5 * 100 = 26.8%
..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(i) The reaction between iron and dichromate is considered a reduction–oxidation reaction.
Define the term ‘reduction’ in terms of electrons.
The gain in electrons
..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(j) In the reaction, Fe2+ acts as a reducing agent. Define the term ‘reducing agent’.

Donate elerctrons to the oxidiser

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(k) Calculate the oxidation state of Cr in Cr2O72-.

2(x)+ 7(-2) = -2
..............................................................................................................................................
2x + -14 = -2
..............................................................................................................................................
2x = 12
..............................................................................................................................................
x=6
(2 marks)

(l) State ONE precaution that should be taken when carrying out the experiment.

Ensure the burette is washed with potasium dicromate

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Total 25 marks

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2. (a) Jamelia is in her room studying and smells the scent of curry coming from her mom’s
cooking in the kitchen area. She thinks to herself, “Ah! Diffusion at work!”

(i) Define the term ‘diffusion’.

The movement of particles from high concentration to low concentration until an
.................................................................................................................................
equlibrum is formed
................................................................................................................................


.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) Explain how the diffusion of the scent of the curry supports the particulate theory
of matter.

.................................................................................................................................

The air is made up of tiny particles that are in constant random motion
................................................................................................................................
These particals collide with the curry sent which tranfers the knetic energy to the
sent particles which caused the particles to move
.................................................................................................................................
so the particles move from the kitchen ( Higher Concentration) to her room

.................................................................................................................................
( lower concentration )
(2 marks)

(iii) Diffusion is a process that can also occur in liquids. State how the arrangement
of particles in a liquid differs from that in a solid and a gas.

liquid particles are farther apart than solid whereas gaseous are not close together
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

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.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

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(iv) Apart from diffusion, identify ONE process that supports the particulate theory of
matter and state ONE example of such a process.

Bromium motion
Process ...................................................................................................................

Smoke particles in the air

Example .................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(b) Jamelia’s mom showed her that in order to cook with curry she first had to mix the curry
powder with water. Jamelia observed that the mixture resembled a chalk and water mixture
she had seen in class, except the curry mixture was brown in colour.

(i) State whether the mixture of curry powder and water is a suspension or colloid.
Suspension
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) State the MOST appropriate technique that could be used in a school laboratory
to separate this mixture.

Filtration
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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(iii) Draw a clearly labelled diagram of the apparatus that could be set up in the school
laboratory to separate the mixture of curry powder and water. In your diagram,
show the location of the separated components.

(4 marks)

Total 15 marks

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3. (a) Compound A is a straight-chain hydrocarbon with the molecular formula C5H12.

(i) State ONE natural source of hydrocarbons and TWO possible uses of
Compound A.
Natural gas
Source ....................................................................................................................

Fuel
Uses .......................................................................................................................

Solvent
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

(ii) Draw the FULLY DISPLAYED structure of Compound A.

Structure of Compound A
(2 marks)

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(b) Thermal and catalytic cracking are very useful processes in the petrochemical industry.

(i) Define the term ‘catalytic cracking’.

Cracking of larger hydrocarbon into smaller ones with the presence of heat in the
.................................................................................................................................
form of a catalyst
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) State the importance of catalytic cracking in petroleum refineries.

To get smaller molicules that is more usefull and in higher demand
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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(c) Another hydrocarbon, Compound B with the formula C 5H10, can be converted to
Compound A in a simple one-step reaction.

(i) Draw a possible FULLY DISPLAYED structural formula of Compound B.

Structure of Compound B
(2 marks)

(ii) State ONE physical property common to both Compound A and Compound B.

Flamable
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

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(d) Compound A and Compound B can be distinguished by reacting them with bromine solution
in the dark.

(i) State which of the two compounds, A or B, reacts with bromine.

Pentpene Compound B
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) State the colour change that is observed when the reaction occurs.

Brown to Colour less

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(iii) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

C5H10+ Br2= C5H10Br2
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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SECTION B

Answer ALL questions in this section.

Write your responses in the spaces provided in this booklet.

4. (a) Define EACH of the following terms:

(i) Atomic number .......................................................................................................

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

(ii) Mass number ...........................................................................................................

The mass of one mole of element
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(b) Sodium is a metal with an atomic number of 11 and mass number of 23.

(i) Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a sodium atom.

(2 marks)

(ii) State the period to which the element sodium belongs in the periodic table.
#
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(iii) Describe the type of bonding in sodium metal.

Metalic Bonding : the electrostatic attraction between metal cations and the sea
.................................................................................................................................
of free flowing electrons
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(c) Sodium chloride is a typical salt of sodium metal. A concentrated sodium chloride solution
(brine) can undergo electrolysis when it is used as an electrolyte in an electrolytic cell
using inert electrodes.

(i) Define the term ‘electrolysis’.

electrolysis is the chemical decomposition or breakdown of a compound
.................................................................................................................................
due to the passage of an
.................................................................................................................................
electric current through it
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) Write the half equations, including state symbols, for the reaction that occurs at
the anode and cathode during the electrolysis of concentrated sodium chloride
solution (brine).

Cl- gas
Anode ....................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

H2 gas
Cathode ..................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(6 marks)

Total 15 marks

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NOTHING HAS BEEN OMITTED.

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5. (a) Compound D, CH3CH2CH2COOH, has a very unpleasant smell and bitter taste.

(i) Name the homologous series to which Compound D belongs.

Acid
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(ii) Draw the FULLY DISPLAYED structural formula of Compound D and write its
name.

Structure of Compound D
(2 marks)

butanoic acid
Name of Compound D ..........................................................................................
(1 mark)

(b) Compound D reacts with ethanol to form the sweet-smelling Compound E.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Compound D and
ethanol to form Compound E.
C3H7COOH(Aq) + C2H5OH (Aq(= C3H7COOC2H5 (L) + H2O (Aq)
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(ii) Suggest the conditions for the reaction between Compound D and ethanol.

In the preasence of concentrated sulfuric acid under reflux

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(iii) State the type of reaction that occurs between Compound D and ethanol.

stratification
.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(c) Compound D reacts with sodium metal to produce a salt of Compound D and a gas.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between Compound D and
sodium metal.

C3H7COOH + Na = C3H7COONa + H
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) Describe ONE test that could be used to identify the gas.
Glowing splint test hydrogen gas is present when you hear a squeaky pop
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(iii)
State whether the salt formed will be soluble in water, giving a reason for your
answer.

Soluble because all sodium salts are soluable
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

Total 15 marks

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6. (a) Carbon is found in the form of diamond and graphite and is a main component in many
naturally occurring compounds such as organic matter and carbon dioxide gas.

(i) State ONE way in which diamond differs physically from graphite.
Dimand is hard and griphite soft
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(ii) State ONE similarity between diamond and graphite other than they both contain
carbon.
High melting point
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(b) Carbon can react with a limited supply of oxygen to form carbon monoxide, which can
negatively affect human health.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, to show the formation
of carbon monoxide.

2C + O2 = 2CO
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

(ii) State TWO effects of carbon monoxide inhalation on the human body.
reduces oxygen to blodd cells
.................................................................................................................................
forms carboxyhaemoglobin
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

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(c) Jamal wants to prepare and collect a sample of carbon dioxide gas in the laboratory using
calcium carbonate.

(i) Write a balanced chemical equation, including state symbols, for the laboratory
preparation of carbon dioxide gas from calcium carbonate.
CaCO3 + 2HCL = CO2 + CaO
.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

(ii) Draw a clearly labelled diagram to show the arrangement of the apparatus and
materials that could be used in the laboratory to prepare and collect the carbon
dioxide gas.

(3 marks)

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(iii) State ONE use of carbon dioxide as it relates to the beverage industry.

For Carbonated drinks (soda)

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

Total 15 marks

END OF TEST

IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS TEST.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

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EXTRA SPACE

If you use this extra page, you MUST write the question number clearly in the box provided.

Question No.

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 CANDIDATE’S RECEIPT

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE:

1. Fill in all the information requested clearly in capital letters.

TEST CODE: 0 1 2 1 2 0 2 0

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY – Paper 02

PROFICIENCY: GENERAL

REGISTRATION NUMBER:

FULL NAME: ________________________________________________________________

(BLOCK LETTERS)

Signature: ____________________________________________________________________

Date: ________________________________________________________________________

2. Ensure that this slip is detached by the Supervisor or Invigilator and given to you when you
hand in this booklet.

3. Keep it in a safe place until you have received your results.

INSTRUCTION TO SUPERVISOR/INVIGILATOR:

Sign the declaration below, detach this slip and hand it to the candidate as his/her receipt for this booklet
collected by you.

I hereby acknowledge receipt of the candidate’s booklet for the examination stated above.

Signature: _____________________________
Supervisor/Invigilator

Date: _________________________________