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Categories of Projects

The document classifies projects into several types based on different factors: 1) Ownership - public, private, or public-private partnerships 2) Investment level - large, medium, or small scale 3) Academic research - major projects over 1 year vs minor projects under 1 year 4) Sector - agricultural, industrial, or services 5) Objective - commercial to generate profit vs social projects for public welfare 6) Nature - conventional vs innovative using new technology, research, or products 7) Timeframe - long term projects taking many years to complete

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Deeksha Kapoor
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524 views3 pages

Categories of Projects

The document classifies projects into several types based on different factors: 1) Ownership - public, private, or public-private partnerships 2) Investment level - large, medium, or small scale 3) Academic research - major projects over 1 year vs minor projects under 1 year 4) Sector - agricultural, industrial, or services 5) Objective - commercial to generate profit vs social projects for public welfare 6) Nature - conventional vs innovative using new technology, research, or products 7) Timeframe - long term projects taking many years to complete

Uploaded by

Deeksha Kapoor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Notes

Classification of Projects

The projects can be classified into various types:

1) Based on Ownership

a) Public Projects: These are the projects which are done by public
projects. E.g. Construction of Roads & Bridges, Adult Education
Programmes, etc.
b) Private Projects: These are the projects which are undertaken by
private enterprises. Eg. Any business related projects such as a
construction of houses by real estate builders, software development,
marriage contracts, etc.
c) Public Private Partnerships: These projects which are undertaken by
both government and private enterprises together. E.g., Generation
of Electricity by Windmill, Garbage Collection, etc.

2) Based on Investment

a) Large Scale Project: These projects involve a huge outlay or


investments, say, crores. Eg. Real Estate Projects, Road Construction
of manufacturing facilities, Satellite sending projects of ISRO,
Unique Identification Number project of India, etc.
b) Medium Scale Project: These projects involve medium level
investment and are technology oriented. Example: Computer
industry and electronic industry.
c) Small Scale Project: These projects involve only a lesser investments.
E.g., agricultural projects, manufacturing projects.

3) Based on Research in Academia

a) Major Projects: In academia, the major projects are those projects


which involve more than one year to 3 or 5 years and minimum
funding of ` 3 lakhs in case of social sciences and ` 5 lakh in case of
sciences.
b) Minor Projects: The minor projects in academia are those projects
which will be completed within a year and have a maximum funding
of ` 1 lakh in social science and ` 3 lakh in case of sciences.

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Notes
4) Based on Sector

a) Agricultural Projects: These are the projects which are related to


agricultural sector like irrigation projects, well digging projects,
manuring projects, soil upgrading project, etc.
b) Industrial Projects: These are the projects which are related to
the industrial manufacturing sectors like cement industry, steel
industry, textile industry, etc. For example, technology transfer
project, marketing project, capital issue project like IPO, etc.
c) Service Projects: These are the projects which are related to the
services sectors like education, tourism, health, public utilities, etc.
For example, adult literacy project, medical camp, general health
check up camp, etc.

5) Based on Objective

a) Commercial Projects: These projects are undertaken for commercial


purpose and return on investment is expected out these projects.
For example, Toll roads based on BOLT – Build Own Lease Transfer
Model or BOOT – Build Own Operate and Transfer Model, Product
Launching project.

b) Social Projects: These projects are undertaken for social purposes


and welfare of the people is the aim of these projects. These projects
are undertaken either by the Government or Service oriented Non-
Governmental Organizations. For example, Polio immunization
Project, Child Welfare Projects, Adult Literacy Projects, etc.

6) Based on Nature

a) Conventional Projects: These projects are traditional projects which


do not apply any innovative ideas or technology or method. For ex-
ample, conventional irrigational projects, handicraft projects, etc.

b) Innovative Projects: These projects involve the use of technology,


high R&D, development of new products and services. These
innovative projects can be further classified into

i) Technology: Depending on the level of technological uncertainty


at the time of initiation of projects, the projects can be classified

11
Notes
into: Low-Tech projects which relay on the existing and well
established base technologies; Medium-Tech projects which
rest mainly on existing base technologies but incorporate some
new technology or feature; High-Tech projects in which most
of the technologies employed are new, but existent, having been
developed prior to the project’s initiation; and Super High-
Tech projects which are based primarily on new, not entirely
existent technologies.

ii) Research: Based on the type of research, projects can be classified


into: Exploratory research projects which may generate novel
idea in the domain of knowledge; constructive research projects
which are mainly done by many technological corporate to
find new or alternative solutions to any particular crisis or
problems, eg., renewable energy research or development of
the capacity of optical fiber; and Empirical research projects
are very impressive observational type of research in which
testing on real life data or analysis of pattern of some specific
events in order to identify the nature or the class of trend that
specific phenomenon maintains.

iii) New product development: These projects are undertaken in


the life cycle of a product. These projects can be classified
into advance development projects which aim at inventing
new science or capturing new know-how for the organization;
breakthrough development projects which create the first
generation of an entirely new product and involve significant
change in the product and process technology; platform or
next generation development projects which provide a basis
for a product and process family and thus establish the basic
architecture for follow-on derivative projects; and derivative
development projects which refine and improve selected
performance dimensions.

7) Based on Time

a) Long term projects: These projects take a very long duration to


complete. These projects are run for many years till the objective
is reached. For example, Eradication of diseases like Polio, Filaria,
etc.

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