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Learning Activity Sheets: Quarter 3, Week 1 and 2

The document provides learning materials on introductory statistics, including: 1. Descriptions of descriptive and inferential statistics, and definitions of key terms like universe, variable, data, qualitative and quantitative variables. 2. Examples of questions that can and cannot be answered through statistical processes. 3. A seatwork activity identifying variables as qualitative or quantitative, and quantitative variables as discrete or continuous. 4. Concept notes on statistics as a science for decision-making using data collection, processing, analysis and interpretation.

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Jhude Joseph
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233 views

Learning Activity Sheets: Quarter 3, Week 1 and 2

The document provides learning materials on introductory statistics, including: 1. Descriptions of descriptive and inferential statistics, and definitions of key terms like universe, variable, data, qualitative and quantitative variables. 2. Examples of questions that can and cannot be answered through statistical processes. 3. A seatwork activity identifying variables as qualitative or quantitative, and quantitative variables as discrete or continuous. 4. Concept notes on statistics as a science for decision-making using data collection, processing, analysis and interpretation.

Uploaded by

Jhude Joseph
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SENIOR HIGHSCHOOL – SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND

MATHEMATICS

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

QUARTER 3, WEEK 1 and 2


Introduction to Statistics
MELC WITH CODE:
1. Illustrates a random variable (discrete and continuous). (M11/12SP-IIIa-1)
2. Distinguishes between a discrete and a continuous random variable.
(M11/12SP-IIIa-2)

Prepared by:

CHRISTINE ANN ANDILLO – SALUBON


SHS Teacher
Subject: Statistics and Probability Student No.:
Name: Grade and Section:
Subject Teacher: CHRISTINE ANN A. SALUBON Date:
Direction: Copy the Concept Notes in your notebook. Copy and answer the
Seatwork in a 1 whole sheet of yellow paper.

Introduction to Statistics
I. Introduction
Observe the 2 groups of questions below.
Group 1:
• How old is our teacher?
• Is the vehicle of the Mayor of our city/town/municipality bigger than the vehicle
used by the President of the Philippines?
• How many days are there in December?
• Does the Principal of the school has a post graduate degree?
• How much does the Barangay Captain receive as allowance?
• What is the weight of my smallest classmate?
Group 2:
• How old are the people residing in our town?
• Do dogs eat more than cats?
• Does it rain more in our country than in Thailand?
• Do math teachers earn more than science teachers?
• How many books do my classmates usually bring to school?
• What is the proportion of Filipino children aged 0 to 5 years who are underweight
or overweight for their age?
The first group of questions could be answered by a piece of information which
is considered always true. There is a correct answer which is based on a fact and you
don’t need the process of inquiry to answer such kind of question. For example, there
is one and only one correct answer to the first question in Group 1 and that is your
age as of your last birthday or the number of years since your birth year.
On the other hand, in the second group of questions one needs observations or
data to be able to respond to the question. In some questions you need to get the
observations or responses of all those concerned to be able to answer the question.
On the first question in the second group, you need to ask all the people in the locality
about their age and among the values you obtained you get a representative value. To
answer the second question in the second group, you need to get the amount of food
that all dogs and cats eat to respond to the question. However, we know that is not
feasible to do so. Thus what you can do is get a representative group of dogs and
another representative group for the cats. Then we measure the amount of food each
group of animal eats. From these two sets of values, we could then infer whether dogs
do eat more than cats.
As you can see in the second group of questions you need more information or
data to be able to answer the question. Either you need to get observations from all
those concerned or you get representative groups from which you gather your data.
But in both cases, you need data to be able to respond to the question. Using data to
find an answer or a solution to a problem or an inquiry is actually using the statistical
process or doing it with statistics.
Now, let us formalize what we discussed and know more about statistics and
how we use it in decision-making.

II. Concept Notes


Statistics is defined as a science that studies data to be able to make a decision.
Hence, it is a tool in decision-making process. Statistics as a science involves the
methods of collecting, processing, summarizing and analyzing data in order to
provide answers or solutions to an inquiry. One also needs to interpret and
communicate the results of the methods identified above to support a decision that
one makes when faced with a problem or an inquiry.
Trivia: The word “statistics” actually comes from the word “state”— because
governments have been involved in the statistical activities, especially the conduct of
censuses either for military or taxation purposes. The need for and conduct of
censuses are recorded in the pages of holy texts. In the Christian Bible, particularly
the Book of Numbers, God is reported to have instructed Moses to carry out a census.
Another census mentioned in the Bible is the census ordered by Caesar Augustus
throughout the entire Roman Empire before the birth of Christ.
Statistics enable us to
• characterize persons, objects, situations, and phenomena;
• explain relationships among variables;
• formulate objective assessments and comparisons; and, more importantly
• make evidence-based decisions and predictions.
Activity!
Note: Answers are provided inside the parentheses and italicized.
1. Identify which of the following questions are answerable using a statistical
process.
a. What is a typical size of a Filipino family? (answerable through a statistical
process)
b. How many hours in a day? (not answerable through a statistical process)
c. How old is the oldest man residing in the Philippines? (answerable through
a statistical process)
d. Is planet Mars bigger than planet Earth? (not answerable through a
statistical process)
e. What is the average wage rate in the country? (answerable through a
statistical process)

Seatwork # 1
Identify which of the following questions are answerable using a statistical process.
1. Would Filipinos prefer eating bananas rather than apple?
2. How long did you sleep last night?
3. How much a newly-hired public school teacher in NCR earns in a month?
4. How tall is a typical Filipino?
5. Did you eat your breakfast today?

Definition of Basic Terms


Two Divisions of Statistics
Descriptive Statistics - methods concerned with describing and summarizing sets of
data in a clear and precise manner.
Examples:
• Looking for the highest or lowest scores
• Making a graph comparing the performance of boys and girls
Inferential Statistics – involves taking measurements on a smaller group taken from
all the characteristics of interest, and then from the observations, infer something
about the bigger group.
Examples:
• Performing estimations and hypothesis tests
• Determining relationships among variables
• Making predictions out of a small group of observations to the big
group from where that small group was taken
Other Statistical Terms
Universe – the collection or set of units or entities from whom we got the data.
Variable – any measured or observable characteristic or attribute that differs for
different persons or subjects.
Examples: Sex, Monthly Income, Level of Education, Hours per week of watching
TV, Age
Data – values (measurements or observations) that the variable can assume.
Examples: Male or Female, ₱10 000.00, Elementary, High School, College, 4
hours, 12 years old
Qualitative Variable – sometimes called categorical variables, are non-measurable
characteristics that cannot assume a numerical value but can be classified into two
or more categories.
Examples: Sex, Civil Status, Level of job performance
Quantitative Variable – those quantities that can be counted or measured with the
use of some measuring devices or can be calculated with the use of a mathematical
formula.
Discrete Variable – is a variable that can be obtained by counting
Examples: no. of employees in the company, no. of computers in the
laboratory
Continuous Variable – is a variable that can be obtained by measuring objects
or attributes.
Examples: weight of students, temperature in a city, time
Other Examples:
Classify the following variables.

Seatwork # 2
Identify each of the following variables as quantitative or qualitative. For each
quantitative variable, identify whether it is continuous or discrete.
1. highest educational attainment
2. predominant hair color
3. body temperature
4. civil status
5. brand of laundry soap being used
6. total household expenditures last month in pesos
7. number of children in a household
8. number of hours standing in queue while waiting to be served by a bank teller
9. amount spent on rice last week by a household
10. distance travelled by the teacher in going to school

Reference:
Licuanan, P (2016). Teaching guide for senior high school Statistics and
Probability core subject. Commission on Higher Education Education, 1-6, 17-23.
Prepared by:

CHRISTINE ANN A. SALUBON


SHS Teacher II

Reviewed by:

CLARESA M. CAÑEDA
Master Teacher II

Checked by:

AILEEN T. BATULA
Dept. Head

Concurred by:

LORLITA S. RICABLANCA
Asst. Principal II

Noted by:

MICHAEL A. REGIS, CE, MM, MAT


Secondary School Principal IV

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