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Scope of Zoology:
Meaning, Branches, and
Careers

Scope of Zoology: Have you ever wondered how our

body functions? How did we get to know that humans
have 206 bones in the body? How do we know that DNA
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is the genetic material of our body? It was Zoology, the
study of animals, that has helped us understand our
bodies and all the other animals too. It also helps to
understand their connection with other organisms and
their habitats. The scope of zoology has grown
immensely over the years due to revolutionary
discoveries by many great scientists. For example, it
was the discovery of the microscope that brought so
much clarification in studies of microorganisms and
other micro-components.

The study of animals has been going on since ancient

times. The proof of this is the ancient caves whose
stone walls have animal figures even today. The Greek
philosopher Aristotle wrote a book on animals 300 years
before Christ. Galena was another Roman physician,
who in the second century described many
characteristics of animals with great clarity. Many other
writers of Greece and Rome have written books on
natural science, in which animals are mentioned. In this
article, we will learn more about zoology and its
importance in our everyday lives.

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Table of Contents 
1. What is Zoology?
1.1. History of Zoology
1.2. Branches of Zoology
1.3. Scope of Zoology
1.4. Role of Zoology in Human Welfare
1.5. Summary
1.6. FAQs
What is Zoology?
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Zoology is also known as animal biology, is one of the

main branches of science. Zoology is a Greek word that
comes from ‘Zōion‘ meaning ‘animal’ and ‘logos‘ means
‘the study of’. Here we learn about animals in various
aspects such as their morphology, anatomy, genetics,
physiology, behaviours, and evolution. We also learn
about the classification of animals into different
kingdoms, extinct species, adaptations over the years,
and their interaction with other species and abiotic
factors of the ecosystems.

History of Zoology
The history of zoology goes back to ancient times.
Prehistoric humans used to study the animals and
plants and their behaviours in their surrounding
environment to survive and make the most of it. There’s
evidence in the form of cave paintings and sculptures
and engravings in France dating back to almost \
(15,000\) years, having explicit details of horses and
deer drawn in detailed characteristics. The knowledge
of wildlife was realistically depicted by their
visualization of animals and techniques they used, such
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as fishing, hunting, and husbandry practices.

The famous ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was the

first to analyze and give detailed records of animal
observation. He is considered the father of zoology.
Over the years, his studies inspired many other
scientists to study living organisms in further detail.
Many universities were established in Europe in the \
({16^{{\rm{th}}}}\) Century. And by the middle of the \
({17^{{\rm{th}}}}\) Century, divisions were founded in
universities that concentrated solely on animal study.

The discovery of microscopes initiated whole new fields

of study. Another breakthrough in zoology befell when
the scientist Charles Darwin revealed the theory of
evolution by natural selection, which revolutionized
zoology and taxonomy. The discovery of DNA as life’s
genetic material commenced more new research and
knowledge about the natural world and the evolutionary
relations between animals.

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Branches of Zoology
There are numerous branches under the field of zoology
as there is a lot to be learned about animals and their
existence in the world.  It can be a particular species of
an animal or animals in general. Animals are being
studied and observed in different areas or fields. Below
are some important branches of zoology:

1. Zootomy – Study of the anatomy of animals.

2. Ethology – Study related to the behaviour of animals
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and how it affects their evolution.
3. Evolution environment – Study of their origin and
their adaptability to the environment.
4. Genetics – Study of genes, hereditary, and the
variations.
5. Histology – Study of the anatomy of cells and tissues
of animals.
6. Morphology – Study of external features of animals.
7. Taxonomy – Study of classification and
nomenclature.
8. Zoogeography – Study of geographical distributions
of animals.
9. Zoometry – Study of measurement of size and
lengths of animal organs.

Fig: Branches of Zoology

Other few smaller branches of zoology include:

1. Arachnology – Study of spiders and other arachnids

 2. Carcinology/crustaceology – Study of crustaceans
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and arthropods like crabs, lobsters, etc.
3. Cetology – Study of  marine animals
4. Herpetology – Study of reptiles and amphibians
5. Ichthyology – Study of fishes
6. Mammalogy/Mastology – Study of mammals
7. Malacology – Study of animals with shells like snails
8. Nematology – Study of roundworms
9. Neonatology -Study of newborn animals
10. Ornithology – Study of birds
11. Primatology – Study of primates like apes, monkeys,
etc.
12. Protozoology – Study of protozoa
13. Entomology – Study of insects

Scope of Zoology
Zoology is one of the broad and conventional branches
of biology that is chosen to study in the field of science.
Zoology is the study of the animal kingdom that
involves the anatomy, classification, physiology,
characteristics, and evolution of all living and extinct
animals. Hence, there is a lot of scope in the field of
zoology around the globe.

Professional options after seeking graduation, post-

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graduation, and a doctorate in zoology are varied.
Candidates get openings in various government
departments, environmental agencies, universities,
colleges, biotechnological, pharmaceutical,
environmental, or ecological fields.

Zoology courses are offered for both bachelor’s and

master’s candidates. In the scope of zoology, we learn
about anatomy, physiology, genetics, behaviour and
evolution, and other concepts related to it. Students can
pursue various career opportunities after B.Sc. or M.Sc.
or even a PhD.

Job opportunities in the scope of zoology include:

1. Animal clinics
2. Animal behaviourist
3. Animal control officer
4. Animal scientist 
5. Wildlife biologist
6. Marine scientist
7. Zoo curator
8. Conservationist
 9. Forensic expert
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10. Lab technicians
11. Veterinarians and many more.

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Role of Zoology in Human Welfare

Zoology, or the study of animals, has significance in
human welfare. Some of these are:

1. The study of useful and harmful animals like pests

which are a threat to agriculture help to preserve the
crops.
2. The study of animals helps to preserve and prevent
the extinction of animals.
3. It helps to diagnose diseases, causative agents and
find the right cure for them.
4. The human genetic study creates information with
the potential to improve individual and community
health.
5. Physiology and anatomy help to know about all body
parts, their nature, and their functions.
6. Evaluation of genetics has introduced cross-breeding
that is applied in animal husbandry practices and
other fields.
7. Wildlife rehabilitator cares for wild animals that are
orphaned or injured to improve their health so that
they can return to their natural habitat.

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Summary
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Many people are intrigued by animals. Hence zoology
has become a competitive field with many different
types of jobs. Many zoologists study animals in labs or
field settings as researchers. One must have a PhD in a
respective field to be the head of a research
lab. Zoologists work in zoos as zookeepers and zoo
curators, take care of zoo animals, monitor their
behaviour, train them, and educate the public about
animals. A bachelor’s degree and some experience
working with animals are required for entry-level jobs in
zoology, while more superior positions may require a
master’s or doctorate. Summing it up, Zoology is a
broad and conventional branch of biology.

FAQs
Q.1. Is B.Sc. in Zoology good?

Ans: Graduation in BSC is one of the basic criteria

required to get advanced in a particular subject and
also to get entry-level jobs. Though, higher positions
required masters and doctorates with work experience.

Q.2. Which has more scope botany or zoology?

Ans: Botany deals with the study of plants while zoology

deals with animals. Zoology has more scope as it deals
with animals including humans. There are more
branches to be learnt in zoology when compared to
botany.

Q.3. Is zoology a good career?

Ans: Zoology is the study of the animal kingdom that

involves the anatomy, classification, physiology,
characteristics, and evolution of all living and extinct
animals. Hence, there is a lot of scope in the field of
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zoology around the globe.

Q.4. Are Zoologists rich?

Ans: According to research a zoologist can earn

approximately up to \(7\) lakhs per annum. For starters,
it might not be so high as one needs more experience to
reach higher positions in order to earn more. A novice
zoologist with experience of \(1-3\) years can earn
approximately up to \(5\) lakhs per annum.

Q.5. What careers are there in zoology?

Ans: There are a lot of career opportunities in zoology

such as Animal Scientist, Marine biologist, Animal
control officer, Entomologist, Assistant professors,
Lectures, Veterinary and many more.

CHECK SCOPE OF BIOLOGY HERE

We hope this detailed article on the Scope of Zoology

helps you in your preparation. If you get stuck do let us
know in the comments section below and we will get
back to you at the earliest.

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