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Listanco Abegail Lab Exercise#6

This document contains an exercise identifying bacterial structures from Bicol University College of Nursing. It identifies structures like Mycobacterium tuberculosis stained with Hiss stain, Clostridium tetani stained with Gram and Kinyoun stains. It also identifies types of flagella and functions of bacterial cell walls, cell membranes, lipopolysaccharide, ribosomes, nucleoids, granules, pili, flagella, endospores and capsules.

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Abegail Listanco
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133 views3 pages

Listanco Abegail Lab Exercise#6

This document contains an exercise identifying bacterial structures from Bicol University College of Nursing. It identifies structures like Mycobacterium tuberculosis stained with Hiss stain, Clostridium tetani stained with Gram and Kinyoun stains. It also identifies types of flagella and functions of bacterial cell walls, cell membranes, lipopolysaccharide, ribosomes, nucleoids, granules, pili, flagella, endospores and capsules.

Uploaded by

Abegail Listanco
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Bicol University

College of Nursing
Rizal St., Albay Dist., Legazpi City

Name: Abegail V. Listanco Section: BSN 1D

EXERCISE NO.6: BACTERIAL STRUCTURES

I. Identify the bacterial structure shown and give the special stain used to demonstrate this
structure:

Structure: Mycobacterium tuberculosis


Stain used: Hiss stain

Structure: Clostridium tetani


Stain used: Gram stain

Structure: Clostridium tetani


Stain used: Kinyoun stain
II. Identify the type of flagella.

Monotrichous

lophotrichous

amphitrichous

peritrichous

III. Give the functions of the following bacterial structures.

1. Cell wall
The cell wall provides rigid support and gives shape to the bacteria. It protects the bacteria from
osmotic damage and plays and important role in cell division.
2. Cell membrane
It is located beneath the cell wall. Sometimes called the cell sac because it encloses the cytoplasm
of the cell. Cell membrane is selectively permeable that allows for transport of selected solutes.
Inn aerobic organisms, it is the site of the electron transport chain and serves as the site of ATP
production. It therefore serves the function of mitochondria, which are not found in prokaryotic
cells. The cell membrane also contains the enzymes needed for the biosynthesis of DNA cell wall
components and membrane lipids.
3. LPS
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative
bacteria. Lipopolysaccharide is localized in the outer layer of the membrane and is, in
noncapsulated strains, exposed on the cell surface. LPS has a complex glycolipid called lipid A,
responsible for its endotoxin activity.
4. Ribosomes
The ribosomes function for protein synthesis. Unlike eukaryotic ribosomes, bacterial ribosome is
smaller (70S).

5. Nucleoid
Packages genetic material. Bacteria have no true nucleus that is surrounded by a nuclear
membrane. Its genetic material is packaged in a structure called the nucleoid.
6. Granules
These are found in certain bacteria and serve for storage of food and energy.
7. Pili
These are rigid surface appendages found on many gram-negative bacteria. They are fine and short
in comparison with flagella. Their structural protein sub-units are called pilins. Pili may also
function for motility. They function for adherence to cell surface (common pili) or attachment to
another bacterium during a form of bacterial gene exchange called conjugation (sex pili).
8. Flagella
These are thread-like structures made up entirely of molecules of the protein sub-unit flagellin.
They project from the capsule and are organs for motility.
9. Endospores
Endospores are structures produced by many bacteria when they are placed in a hostile
environment. It is composed of dipicolinic acid which confers resistance to heat, drying, chemical
agents, and radiation; making it difficult to destroy.

10. Capsule
Some species of bacteria have a third protective covering, a capsule made up of polysaccharides
(complex carbohydrates). Capsules play a number of roles, but the most important are to keep the
bacterium from drying out and to protect it from phagocytosis (engulfing) by larger
microorganisms. The capsule is a major virulence factor in the major disease-causing bacteria,
such as Escherichia coli and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Nonencapsulated mutants of these
organisms are avirulent, i.e. they don't cause disease.

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