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Artificial Intelligence Vs
Machine Learning Vs
Deep Learning
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Dr P.Sudhakar
VVIT
Email
[email protected]
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AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning

Artificial Intelligence is the broader umbrella under

which Machine Learning and Deep Learning come. And you can
also see in the diagram that even deep learning is a subset of
Machine Learning. So all three of them AI, machine learning and
deep learning are just the subsets of each other. So let us move
on and understand how exactly they are different from each
other.
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AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning

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Starting with Artificial Intelligence

•The term artificial intelligence was first coined in the year 1956,
but AI has become more popular these days why? Well, it’s
because of the tremendous increase in data volumes, advanced
algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.

•The data we had was not enough to predict the accurate result.
But now there is a tremendous increase in the amount of data.
Statistics suggest that By 2020, the accumulated volume of big
data will increase from 4.4 zettabytes to roughly 44 zettabytes or
44 trillion GBs of data.
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Artificial Intelligence Cont…

•The term artificial intelligence was first coined in the year 1956,
but AI has become more popular these days why? Well, it’s
because of the tremendous increase in data volumes, advanced
algorithms, and improvements in computing power and storage.

•The data we had was not enough to predict the accurate result.
But now there is a tremendous increase in the amount of data.
Statistics suggest that By 2020, the accumulated volume of big
data will increase from 4.4 zettabytes to roughly 44 zettabytes or
44 trillion GBs of data.
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Now we even have more advanced algorithms and high end

computing power and storage that can deal with such large amount of
data. As a result, it is expected that 70% of the enterprise will
implement AI over the next 12 months, which is up from 40% in 2016
and 51% in 2017.
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What is Artificial Intelligence?

•Artificial Intelligence is a technique which allows the machines to

act like humans by replicating their behaviour and nature.

•Artificial Intelligence makes it possible for the machines to learn

from their experience. The machines adjust their response based on
new inputs thereby performing human-like tasks by processing large
amounts of data and recognizing patterns in them.
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AI Explained with an Analogy: Construction of a Church

You can consider that building an artificial intelligence is like building a church.

•The first church took generations to finish, so most of the

workers working on it never saw the final outcome. Those
working on it took pride in their craft, building bricks and
chiselling stones that were to be placed into the Great Structure.

• So, as AI researchers, we should think ourselves as humble brick

makers, whose job it is to study how to build components (e.g.
parsers, planners, learning algorithms, etc) that someday
someone, somewhere, will integrate into intelligent systems.
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•Some of the examples of Artificial Intelligence from our day to day

life are Apple’s Siri, the chess-playing computer, tesla’s self-driving
car and many more.
•These examples are based on deep learning and natural language
processing.
Well, this was about what is AI and how it gained its hype. So
moving on ahead let’s discuss machine learning and see what it is
and why was it even introduced.
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Machine Learning

Machine Learning came into existence in the late 80’s and early
90’s. But what were the issues with the people which made Machine
Learning come into existence?
Statistics: How to efficiently train large complex models?
Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence: How to train more robust
versions of the AI systems?
Neuroscience: How to design operational models of the brain?
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What is Machine Learning?

•“Machine Learning is a subset of artificial intelligence. It

allows the machines to learn and make predictions based on its
experience(data)“

•Understanding Machine Learning with an Example

Let’s say you want to create a system which could predict the
expected weight of a person based on its height. The first thing you
do is collect the data. Let us say this is how your data looks like:
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Machine Learning cont..

Each point on the graph represents

one data point. To start with we can
draw a simple line to predict the
weight based on the height. For
example, a simple line:
W = H – 100
Where W is weight in kg and H is
height in cm
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Machine Learning cont..

•This line can help us to make predictions.

•Our main goal is to reduce the difference between the estimated
value and actual value.
•So in order to achieve it, we try to draw a straight line that fits
through all these different points and minimize the error and make
them as small as possible.
•Decreasing the error or the difference between the actual value
and the estimated value increases the performance.
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Machine Learning cont..

•Further, the more data points we collect, the better will our model
become.
•We can also improve our model by adding more variables (e.g.
Gender) and creating different prediction lines for them.
•Once the line is created, so in future, if a new data (for example
height of a person) is fed to the model, it would easily predict the
data for you and will tell his predicted weight.
•I hope you got a clear understanding of machine learning. So
moving on ahead let’s learn about Deep Learning.
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What is Deep Learning?

“Deep learning is a particular kind of machine learning that achieves

great power and flexibility by learning to represent the world as nested
hierarchy of concepts or abstraction”

You can consider deep learning models as a rocket engine and its fuel is
the huge amount of data that we feed to these algorithms.
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Deep Learning Cont…

•The concept of deep learning is not new. But recently its hype has
increased, and deep learning is getting more attention.
•This field is a special kind of machine learning which is inspired by the
functionality of our brain cells called artificial neural network. It simply
takes data connections between all artificial neurons and adjusts them
according to the data pattern.
•More neurons are needed if the size of the data is large. It automatically
features learning at multiple levels of abstraction thereby allowing a
system to learn complex functions mapping without depending on any
specific algorithm.
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Example 1:
Let us try and understand how you
recognize a square from other shapes.
The first thing is to check whether there are
4 lines associated with a figure or not
(simple concept right!). If yes, we further
check, if they are connected and closed,
again if yes we finally check whether it is
perpendicular and all its sides are
equal (Correct!). Well, this nothing but
a nested hierarchy of concept.
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What we did, we took a complex task of identifying a square in

this case and broke it into simpler tasks. Now, this Deep
Learning also does this but on a larger scale.
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Example 2:
Let’s take an example of a machine which recognizes the animals.
The task of the machine is to recognize whether the given image is of
a cat or of a dog.
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What if we’re asked to resolve the same issue using the concepts of
machine learning, what we would do? First, we would define the
features such as check whether the animal has whiskers or not, or
check if the animal has pointed ears or not or whether its tail is
straight or curved.

In short, we will define the facial features and let the system identify
which features are more important in classifying a particular animal.
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Example 2:
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Example 2:
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What if we’re asked to resolve the same issue using the concepts of
machine learning, what we would do? First, we would define the
features such as check whether the animal has whiskers or not, or
check if the animal has pointed ears or not or whether its tail is
straight or curved.

In short, we will define the facial features and let the system identify
which features are more important in classifying a particular animal.
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•Now when it comes to deep learning. It takes this to one step ahead.
Deep Learning automatically finds out the features which are important
for classification, comparing to Machine Learning where we had to
manually give the features.
•By now I guess, AI vs Machine Learning vs Deep Learning has made you
clear that AI is a bigger picture, and Machine Learning and Deep Learning
are its subparts, so concluding it I would say the easiest way of
understanding the difference between machine learning and deep
learning is to know that deep learning is machine learning. More
specifically, it’s the next evolution of machine learning.
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Machine Learning Vs Deep Learning

•Deep Learning is a Machine Learning more specifically it is the next
evaluation of Deep Learning

Important Parameters to compare Machine Leaning and

Deep Learning

• Data Dependency • Problem Solving Approach

• Hardware Dependencies • Execution Time
• Feature Engineering • Interpretability
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Data Dependency
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Data Dependency Cont…

•Performance as the volume of data increased

•Deep Learning Algorithm need large amount of data to understand
perfectly
• Machine Learning works well with small amount of data
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Hardware Dependencies
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Hardware Dependencies Cont..

•DL Algorithms are heavily dependent on high end machines

•DL Algorithms require GPUs(Graphics Processing Units) which are
integral part of its working
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Feature Engineering
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Problem Solving Approach

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Execution Time
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Interpretability
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Thank you !