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LTspice Assignment

The document discusses CMOS, NMOS, and PMOS transistor types. It explains that CMOS circuits have almost no static power dissipation, allowing more gates to be integrated. NMOS uses electrons as majority carriers and is faster than PMOS, which uses holes. PMOS devices are more immune to noise. The document also discusses using a sensor alarm circuit with a 555 timer IC and transistor to activate an alarm in response to sensor input. Finally, it provides overviews of integrator and differentiator circuits using op-amps.

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sudhakar kethana
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382 views7 pages

LTspice Assignment

The document discusses CMOS, NMOS, and PMOS transistor types. It explains that CMOS circuits have almost no static power dissipation, allowing more gates to be integrated. NMOS uses electrons as majority carriers and is faster than PMOS, which uses holes. PMOS devices are more immune to noise. The document also discusses using a sensor alarm circuit with a 555 timer IC and transistor to activate an alarm in response to sensor input. Finally, it provides overviews of integrator and differentiator circuits using op-amps.

Uploaded by

sudhakar kethana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

SIMULATION OF CMOS NANA/NOR/XOR GATE/ LOGIC FUNCTION


SPECIFICATION

CMOS (NAMD):
The main advantage of CMOS over NMOS and BIPOLAR technology is the much smaller power
dissipation. Unlike NMOS or BIPOLAR circuits, a Complementary MOS circuit has almost no
static power dissipation. Power is only dissipated in case the circuit actually switches. This allows
integrating more CMOS gates on an IC than in NMOS or bipolar technology, resulting in much
better performance. Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor transistor consists of P-channel
MOS (PMOS) and N-channel MOS (NMOS). Please refer to the link to know more about the
fabrication process of CMOS transistor.

NMOS
NMOS is built on a p-type substrate with n-type source and drain diffused on it. In NMOS, the
majority of carriers are electrons. When a high voltage is applied to the gate, the NMOS will
conduct. Similarly, when a low voltage is applied to the gate, NMOS will not conduct. NMOS is
considered to be faster than PMOS, since the carriers in NMOS, which are electrons, travel twice
as fast as the holes.

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PMOS

P- Channel MOSFET consists of P-type Source and Drain diffused on an N-type substrate. The
majority of carriers are holes. When a high voltage is applied to the gate, the PMOS will not
conduct. When a low voltage is applied to the gate, the PMOS will conduct. The PMOS devices
are more immune to noise than NMOS devices.

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3
CMOS (NOR)

CMOS (XOR)

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2. Sensor and controller interfacing for a domain specific application

(Ex: for ME dept.: obstacle detection and activate an alarm)

A Sensor Alarm Circuit is used to send an emergency signal immediately to the people in nearby
location to call for help or to alert them. The possible sensor situation can be any, it is not restricted
to few situations. One could possibly keep the push button at a hand reachable distance or
comfortable place it to carry out quick action in silence by pressing a single button. The indication
of emergency can either be in the form of visible or audible signal, which can be fixed at a few
meters away through wire.

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Also, this can be done using low cost components. The key component we use here is a 555 timer
IC. The signal produced by the 555 can handle only a few mA. So, we have used a transistor
BC547 as control switch whose control pin requires only small current which in turn handles more
current. The BC547 can be replaced by any other NPN transistor part according to the voltage and
current rating of the alarm and light used.

3. SENSOR AND COLTROLLER INTERFACING FOR A DOMAIN SPECIFIC


APPLICATION(ACTIVITE AN ALARM)

INTEGRATOR

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An integrator is an electronic circuit that produces an output that is the integration of the applied
input. This section discusses about the op-amp based integrator. An op-amp based integrator
produces an output, which is an integral of the input voltage applied to its inverting terminal. The
circuit diagram of an op-amp based integrator.

DIFFERENTIATOR

A differentiator is an electronic circuit that produces an output equal to the first derivative of its
input. This section discusses about the op-amp based differentiator in detail. An op-amp based
differentiator produces an output, which is equal to the differential of input voltage that is applied
to its inverting terminal.

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