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B.E. (Electrical Engineering (Electronics & Power) / Power Engineering) Eighth Semester (C.B.S.)
Switchgear & Protection

P. Pages : 3 NIR/KW/18/3661/3722
Time : Three Hours *1344* Max. Marks : 80
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Notes : 1. All questions carry marks as indicated.
2. Solve Question 1 OR Questions No. 2.

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3. Solve Question 3 OR Questions No. 4.
4. Solve Question 5 OR Questions No. 6.
5. Solve Question 7 OR Questions No. 8.
6. Solve Question 9 OR Questions No. 10.

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7. Solve Question 11 OR Questions No. 12.
8. Due credit will be given to neatness and adequate dimensions.
9. Assume suitable data whenever necessary.
10. Illustrate your answers whenever necessary with the help of neat sketches.
11. Use of non programmable calculator is permitted.

1. a)

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Describe with neat sketch the different zones of protection in a power system. Explain how
overlapping of zones is achieved with the help of neat diagram showing unit and non unit
protections.
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b) Give the classification of protective schemes. Explain them in brief. 6

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2. a) Describe the essential qualities of a protective relay detail. 7

b) Explain in brief the role of protection in power system. Explain nature and causes of faults 6
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with percentage of sharing. Mention most severe and least severe faults in overhead lines.

3. a) Explain time graded, current graded and combined time-current graded type overcurrent 7
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schemes.

b) Determine the time of operation of the two IDMT relays assuming that both the relays have 6
characteristics given below table 1. If the fault current is 3000A, Relay 1 set on 125%, Relay
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2 is set on 150% with same CT's Ratio of 200:1 for selectivity the time gradient margin
between two relays is 0.5 sec. TMS of Relay 1 is 0.3. Also determine TMS of Relay 2.
200:1 200:1
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3000A
R2 Relay 2 R1 Relay 1 Fig. (1)

Plug setting multiplier 2 3.6 5 8 10 12 15 20

Operating time (Sec) 10 6 3.9 3.15 2.8 2.6 2.2 2.1
Table (1) : Relay characteristics for TMS = 1.
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4. a) Explain directional over current relay with the help of neat sketch. Derive the torque 7
equation when current leads voltage in relay circuit using phasor diagram.

b) Discuss the suitable scheme of protection for Ring mains with four sections. Give the 6
selection of over current relay with justification.

5. a) Explain reach tendencies in distance protection. Mention the relay that is least affected by 6
arc resistance.

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b) Draw impedance, Reactance and MHO relay characteristics to protect 100% of line having 7
(2.5+j5)  impedance. A fault may occur at any point on the line through an arc resistance
of 1.5 . Determine the maximum percentage of the line that can be protected by each relay.

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6. a) Explain the following carrier aided distance protection schemes : 6

i) Direct transfer tripping scheme.

ii) Carrier blocking scheme.

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b) Explain carrier current protection of transmission line with the help of phase comparison 7
protection.
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7. a) Explain differential protection scheme of a bus bar with suitable example. Explain the 4
operation during normal, external fault and internal fault condition.

b) Explain 100% stator earth fault protection of alternator. 3

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c) A 3ph, 11 kV / 33kV, Y − connected transformer is protected by % differential protection. 7

The CT's on LV side have a current ratio of 400/5. What must be the ratio of CT's on the
HV side? How the CT's on both sides of the transformer are connected.
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8. a) Explain the following 7

i) Protection of Induction motors.
ii) Thermal Relays.
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b) A generator is provided with restricted earth fault protection, the ratings are 11kV, 7
5000kVA. The % winding Protected against phase to earth fault is 80%. The relay setting
is such that it trips for 25% out of balance. Calculate the resistance to be provided for neutral
to ground connection.
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9. a) Explain static mho relay using amplitude comparator. 7

b) Draw and explain static differential relay. 6

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10. a) Explain the duality between the comparators. 7

b) Discuss static definite time over current relay with the help of block diagram. 6

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11. a) Explain the construction & working of SF6 circuit breaker. 7

b) Explain what do you mean by : 7

i) Rated symmetrical breaking current.
ii) Making capacity.
iii) Short time current rating.

Obtain above values for a 3ph circuit breaker having following data.

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Operating voltage = 11kV
Breaking capacity = 500 MVA.
Normal current = 500 A.

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12. a) Explain the phenomenon of current chopping and state which circuit breakers are suitable. 7

b) A 220kV, 50Hz system, the reactance and capacitance upto the location of circuit breaker 7
are 8 and 0.025F. The resistance of 600  is connected across the circuit breaker.

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Determine
i) Natural frequency of oscillation (fn)
ii) Damped frequency of oscillation (fd)
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iii) Critical value of resistance for no transient condition.

iv) Value of resistance which gives damped frequency of oscillation ( 1 ) of 'fn'.

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