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Lesson 1 - Differential Equation

This document discusses key concepts related to differential equations including: - A differential equation is an equation that contains derivatives or differentials. There are ordinary and partial differential equations. - The order of a differential equation refers to the highest derivative, while the degree refers to the power of the highest ordered derivative. - The independent variable is the variable with respect to which derivatives are taken, while the dependent variable is the variable that appears as a derivative. - A differential equation is linear if the dependent variable and its derivatives appear only to the first power and there are no products involving them. It cannot contain nonlinear functions of the dependent variable.

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Lannil Calizar
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95 views2 pages

Lesson 1 - Differential Equation

This document discusses key concepts related to differential equations including: - A differential equation is an equation that contains derivatives or differentials. There are ordinary and partial differential equations. - The order of a differential equation refers to the highest derivative, while the degree refers to the power of the highest ordered derivative. - The independent variable is the variable with respect to which derivatives are taken, while the dependent variable is the variable that appears as a derivative. - A differential equation is linear if the dependent variable and its derivatives appear only to the first power and there are no products involving them. It cannot contain nonlinear functions of the dependent variable.

Uploaded by

Lannil Calizar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH 03

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

I. DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
 An equation which contains derivatives and differentials.
Ex. = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑥 −𝑦=𝑥

TYPES OF D.E.
 Ordinary D.E. – contains ordinary derivatives.
Ex. (𝑥 + 𝑦 )𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑦 = 0
 Partial D.E. – contains partial derivatives.
Ex. − =0

ORDER AND DEGREE OF A D.E.


 Order - Refers to the highest derivative involved in the
equation
 Degree - Refers to the degree or power of the highest
ordered derivative
Ex. Find the order and degree of the D.E. presented below.
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2( ) − 3𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Order = 2
Degree = 1

INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT VARIABLE


 When an equation involves one or more derivatives w/
respect to a particular variable, that variable is called the
independent variable of the D.E.
 A variable is said to be a dependent variable if a derivative
of that variable occurs with respect to another variable.
1
Ex. Identify the independent and dependent variable of the
following D.E.

D.E. Independent Dependent


Variable Variable

𝑑 𝑖 𝑑𝑖 𝑖 t i
𝐿 + 𝑅 + = 𝐸 cos(𝜔𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑐
𝜕𝑢 𝜕𝑢 X,y u
+ =0
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦

LINEARITY OF A D.E.
 A D.E. is said to be linear if and only if
 The dependent variable and its derivative occur in the
first power only.
 There is no product involving the dependent variable
and its derivative.
 There are no non-linear functions of the dependent
variable such us trigonometric, logarithmic, hyperbolic,
exponential functions, etc.
Ex. Tell whether the following D.E. is linear or non-linear.
D.E. LINEARITY
𝑑𝑦 Non-linear
+ sin 𝑦 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 linear
+ ln 𝑥 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑦 Non-linear
−𝑦 =𝑥
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑦 linear
sin 𝑥 +𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥

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