DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF

GSMBASED WATER LEVEL INDICATOR

WITH AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL

A Project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Award

of Degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering.

By
Md. Minhaz Uddin
ID : 151-33-2514
Md. Al Amin Sheikh
ID : 151-33-2524

Supervised by
SAIKAT BASAK
Senior Lecturer
Department of EEE
Daffodil International University

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY

December, 2018

© Daffodil International University

 Certification
This is to certify that this project and thesis entitled “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF
GSM BASED WATER LEVEL INDICATOR WITH AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL”
is done by the following students under my direct supervision and this work has been carried out
by them in the laboratories of the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering under the
Faculty of Engineering of Daffodil International University in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and Electronic Engineering. The
presentation of the work was held on December 2018.

Signature of the candidates:

_______________________
Name: Md. Minhaz uddin
ID#: 151-33-2514

_______________________
Name: Md. Al Amin Sheikh
ID#: 151-33-2524

Countersigne d

_______________________
Department of EEE
Faculty of Engineering
Daffodil International University.

© Daffodil International University ii

The project entitle “DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF GSM BASED WATER LEVEL
INDICATOR WITH AUTOMATIC PUMP CONTROL submitted by” Md Minhaz Uddin, ID
No: 151-33-2514 and Al Amin Sheikh IDNO: 151-33-2524 has been accepted as satisfactory in
partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Electrical and
Electronic Engineering

BOARD OF EXAMINERS

____________________________
Dr. Engr. … Chairman
Professor
Department of EEE, DIU

____________________________
Dr. Engr. --- Internal Member
Professor
Department of EEE, DIU

____________________________
Dr. Engr. --- Internal Member
Professor
Department of EEE, DIU

© Daffodil International University iii

 Dedicated to

Our Parents
&
Teachers

© Daffodil International University iv

 List of Abbreviations

GSM Global System for Mobile Communication

SIM Subscriber Identity Module

LCD Liquid Crystal Display

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

AC Alternating Current

LDR Light Depending Resistor

DC Direct Current

IC Integrated Circuit

PCB Printed Circuit Board

SMS Short Message service

MXE Message Center

BSS Base Station System

AUC Authentication Center

© Daffodil International University v

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all, we give thanks to Allah. Then we would like to take this opportunity to express our
appreciation and gratitude to our project supervisor Mr. Saikat Basak, Senior Lecturer
Department of EEE for being dedicated in supporting, motivating and guiding us through this
project. This project can’t be done without his useful advice and helps. Also thank you very
much for giving us opportunity to choose this project.

We also want to convey our thankfulness to ProfessorDr. Md. Shamsul Alam, Dean, and
Faculty of Engineering (FE) and Professor Dr. Md. Shahid Ullah, Head, Department of
EEE for his help, support and constant encouragement.

Apart from that, we would like to thank our entire friends for sharing knowledge, information
and helping us in making this project a success. Also thanks for lending us some tools and
equipment.

To our beloved family, we want to give them our deepest love and gratitude for being very
supportive and also for their inspiration and encouragement during our studies in this University.

© Daffodil International University vi

 ABSTRACT

This is the age of modern science. The advanced technology makes our life easier and also
negatively affected our life such as increasing the crime rate. So people are trying to keep
themselves save. To keep save themselves and their family, they want to make their home is the
safest place ever. Day by day, people develop their home security system. There are so many
security systems which are developed in various ways. Security is an important issue of all time.
That is why we choose advance home security system as our final year project. This paper
proposes the development of GSM and Laser Based Home Security system. The main scheme is
to develop a system based on Arduino that is providing a full security system of home by
alarming against undesired things as well as notifying via sms through mobile services when we
stay outside of home. The system basically consists of Arduino, GSM module, LDR, LASER,
and Buzzer to ensure the safety system both home and industries. If there are any undesired
things around our home or industry, the system will notify us by alarming and via sms. It is
worked by sensing any obstacle in LASER path.If there is any substance between LDR and
LASER, the LASER breaks and LDR sense no LASER. Then it gives a signal to
Arduino,Arduino analysis the problem and gives an amplified signal to Buzzer which alerts the
user. In the meantime it also sends an alert message to the user by GSM module for extra
security. The whole system isArduino dependent and it is controlled by Arduino programming.
The main objective of this system is to ensure the safety system by Arduino programming which
gives safety from any unwanted situation and as well as alert people by sending an SMS.

© Daffodil International University vii

 CONTENT
Title Page No

List of Abbreviations v
Acknowledgment vi
Abstract vii
Content viii

CHAPTER-1 1-2
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction 1
1.2. Problem Statement 1
1.3. Objectives 1
1.4. Flow Chart 2
CHAPTER-2 3-4
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR IN WORLD
2.1. Water Level Alarm Circuit Using 555timer 3
2.2. Water Level Indicator & Alarm 3
2.3. Water level Indicator with LED 4
2.4. Water Level Alarm 4
2.5. Water Level Alarm Circuit using Level Sensor 4
2.6. Summary 4
CHAPTER-3 5-29
THEORY OF THIS PROJECT
3.1 Microcontroller 5
3.1.1 Architecture Of PIC16F73 Microcontroller 5
3.1.2 PIC16F73 Microcontroller Pin Configuration 7
3.1.3 Construction Details: 8
3.1.4 Memory Organization 9
3.1.5 Working Principal 10

© Daffodil International University viii

 3.2. 555 Timer IC 11
3.2.1 History of 555 IC 11
3.2.2 The Important Features Of The 555 Timer Are: 12
3.2.3IC Pin Configuration 13
3.2.4 Essential Timing idea 15
3.2.5 555 IC Timer Block Diagram 16
3.2.6 Functioning law 16
3.3 RF Module: 17
3.3.1 Working of RF Transmitter Module: 17
3.3.2 Working of RF Receiver Module: 18
3.3.3 Pin diagram and Pin description: 19
3.3.4. Features Of RF Transmitter And Receiver: 19
3.3.5.Main Factors Affecting RF Module’s Performance: 20
3.3.6. Applications: 20
3.4 Capacitor 20
3.5 Variable Resistor 21
3.6 Resistor 21
3.7 Diode 22
3.8 Transistor 22
3.9 Relay 23
3.10 LCD Display 25
3.11 Water Level Indicator 27
3.12 Water Pump Controlling System 27
3.13 Power supply 27
3.13.1 Circuit diagram 28
3.13.2 Component List 28
3.13.3 Voltage Regulator 28

© Daffodil International University ix

 CHAPTER 4 30-33
DESIGN AND FABRICATION
4.1 Block Diagram 30
4.2. Flow chart: 31
4.3. Circuit Diagram: 32
4.4. Image Of The Project 32
4.5. Summary: 33
CHAPTER-5 34-36
DISCUSSIONS
5.1. Working Improvement 34
5.2. Circuit Improvement 34
5.3. Maintenance Improvement 34
5.4. Costing Improvement 34
5.5. Water Level Indicator Project Circuit Features 35
5.6. Water Level Indicator Project Applications 35
5.7. Cost Estimation 36
CHAPTER-6 37-41
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
6.1. Conclusion 37
6.2. Application: 37
6.3. Limitations of the work: 38
6.4. Future Scopes: 38
References 39
Appendix 41

© Daffodil International University x

 CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION

1.1. Introduction
GSM-based automatic water level indicator with motor controller uses an uncomplicated process
to detect and control an overhead tank or other water holder with motor control. The key
objective of this project is to build up an embedded system, which uses the RF water level
indicator. Using this system; you can remotely monitor the water level of an overhead tank that
is placed up to 100 meters away. The system features an RF transmitter receiver twin doing away
with the need to run the wire from the roof on the ground. The transmitter is positioned near the
tank with sensors inside the tank to monitor the level of water. The satellite layer is flowing
through the Wireless system via RF transmitter. This receiver unit is taken remotely by decoding
and indicating the level of water on an LCD.

1.2. Problem Statement

Literature survey to understand the constraints and requirements of our security system.
1. Simulation of the microcontroller system using ESAI EDA
2. Program burning in the microcontroller and hardware Implementation

1.3. Objectives
GSM based water level indicators with automatic motor control are very important projects in
our daily lives. This project keeps us safe because this project automatically starts our pump
when our water tank is empty and automatically closes this pump when our water tank is full. So
this project is saving people's energy. This project is secure west water and also safe west
electrical force.

Page 1
1.4. Flow Chart

Page 2
 CHAPTER-2
WATER LEVEL INDICATOR IN WORLD

2.1. Water Level Alarm Circuit Using 555timer

Automatic water level controller circuit is an easy engineering project. It can automatically and
off-switch based on the domestic water pump tank water level. You could implement this motor
driver circuit in your home or college using less expensive components. The approximated cost
of the project is about $5 only. The main advantage of this water level controller circuit is to
automatically control the water.

This pump controller circuit heart is an EN 555 IC; here we used 555 timer IC flip flop inside.
Our project consists of two water level sensors, one on top and one on the other. The work of this
circuit is almost the same as a bi-stable mute- vibrator. The simulation of this circuit is given
below. Definitely this will help you to do your academic project.

2.2. Water Level Indicator & Alarm

The law of this circuit is very easy to understand and it is very practical. The elements used in
this circuit are CMOS input compatible, 7-channel IC, which is the Darlington array. If the water
level is in the tank, then the water interacts with P1 to P7 and thus the pin increases from 7 to 1.
So the equal output pins decrease 10 to 16 after the other and the LED will move from 1 to 7. If
the water level is on the final probe P7, the sound is produced by the piezobokar and it is
connected to the output pin 16 with LED7.

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2.3. Water level Indicator with LED
Level Indicator keeps an eye on the water level of the circuit diagram tank and switches to the
water pumps even after the water tank level decreases. Tank water level is indicated by using 5
LEDs and the water pump is completely closed when tanker water level is complete. The
following figure shows the water level indicator circuit image which has 4 probes that are placed
in overhead tanks and interfaces with microcontroller port 2.

2.4. Water Level Alarm

The electronic water- level alarm is connected to the circuit alarm and it is placed in the
electronic water level circuit above, which has the ability to alert a home. When the water level
is exceeded high or low or high.

2.5. Water Level Alarm Circuit using Level Sensor

The following circuit shows the water layer circuit image. In this circuit, this circuit uses a liquid
level sensor to measure the water level of the water tank. The sensor creates the word when the
sensor feels the water leak drop. The circuit is made with microcontrollers and it is very easy to
use basic electrical and electronic components.

2.6. Summary
Water level indicator indicates and indicates water level and overhead tank or any other water
holder. Tank water level indicates using 5 LEDs and the water pump is completely closed when
tanker water level is complete. Water level indicator is made up of 4 probes which are placed in
overhead tanks and interfaces with port 2 micro-controllers.

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 CHAPTER-3
THEORY OF THIS PROJECT

3.1 Microcontroller
A single integrated circuit is a micro-controller small computer. In modern terminology, it is less
than a system of chip or SoC, but less sophisticated. A SoC could include a micro-controller as
one of its components. A microcontroller has one or more CPU (processor core) with memory
and programmable input / output peripheral. Program memory chips in the shape of Ferroelectric
RAM, NOR flash or OTP ROM are also included with a little bit of RAM. Microcontrollers are
designed for embedded applications in contrast to microprocessors used on personal computers,
or other general-purpose applications contain several discrete chips.

3.1.1 Architecture of PIC16F73 Microcontroller

PIC microcontrollers are a family of special microcontroller chips formed by Arizona Chandler's
microchip technology. The acronym PIC stands as "Peripheral Interface Controller", although the
term is rarely used nowadays. A compact microprocessor designed to handle the activities of
embedded systems on a microcontroller's motor component, robot, office machine, medical
device, mobile radio, vending machine, home appliances and various other devices. A common
micro-controller includes a processor, memory, and peripheral.

The internal logic design of a device is called its architecture. The microcontroller architecture
determines how and how different operations are performed. The Architecture of the PIC16F73
Microcontroller is shown in fig.

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Page 6
The Architectural features of PIC16F73 Microcontroller Are given below
1. High performance RISC CPU
2. All single-cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycles
3. Power-on reset (POR)
4. Power-up timer (PWRT) and oscillator start- up timer (OST)
5. Watchdog timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation
6. Programmable code protection
7. Power saving sleep mode
8. In-Circuit Serial Programming  (ICSP™) via two pins
9. -40 to +85°C Temperature range (industrial)

3.1.2 PIC16F73 Microcontroller Pin Configuration

A 28 pin DIP of the PIC16F73 microcontroller. The pin diagram has a short name for the signal
for each pin. It is important to remember that the pins are used for multiple functions. The
programming function or physical pin connection determines the use of any multifunction pin.
System designers decide which of these functions will be used and accordingly design hardware
and software that affect pins.

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3.1.3 Construction Details:

Specification Documents
Product Category: 8-bit microcontroller
Manufacture: Microchip
Mounting Style: SMD/SMT
Package: SOIC-28
Series: PIC16
Core: PIC16
Data Bus Width: 8 bit
Maximum Clock Frequency: 20MHz
Program Memory Size: 7kB
Data RAM Size: 192B
ADC Resolution: 8 bit
Number of I/O: 22 I/O
Operating Supply Voltage: 2 v to 5.5 v
Maximum Operating Temperature: + 85 c
Packaging: Tube
Brand: Microchip Technology
Data RAM Type RAM
Data ROM Size: 192 B
Data ROM Type: Flash
Height: 2.31 mm
Interface Type: I2C, SPI, USART
Length: 17.87 mm

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3.1.4 Memory Organization
These PIC microcontrollers have two memory blocks in each of MCU. Program memory and
data memory can be accessed simultaneously so that there are separate buses and details in this
section. Program memory can be read on the inside by user code (see section 3.0). Additional
information on the device memory can be set up in the PIC microcontroller mid-range reference
manual (DS33023).

A. Program Memory Organization

PIC16F7X devices have a 13-bit program counteract that can address an 8K word x 14-bit
program memory space. ThePIC16F73 device has 4K words. Program memory map for
PIC16F7X devices is shown in Figure 2-1. A position of physically implemented address will
cause a wraparound to enjoy a position. Reset vector is at 0000h and Interpreting vector is
0004h.

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B. Data Memory Organization
Data memory is divided into more than one bank, which includes broad function registers and
extraordinary purpose registry. BTS RP1 (Status <6>) and RP0 (STATUS <5>) is the reservoir
selection bit

Each bank extends up to 7Fh (128 bytes). The bottom position of each bank is kept for the
particular function registrar. Wide-ranging function registers are applied as static RAM, on
special function registry. All implementation banks have special function registry. Regardless of
the code reducing and quick access, special banknotes frequently used by some banks can be
reflected in other banks.

3.1.5 Working Principal

PIC microcontrollers (programmable interface controllers), electronic circuits that can be
programmed to run in a broad range of tasks. They can be programmed to be timer or to make a
production line and more. They are available in most electronic devices such as alarm systems,
computer control systems, phones, virtually any electronic device. Many types of PIC
microcontrollers exist, although the best programmable microcontroller is available in the
GENIE range. These programs and circuits are simulated by the wizard software.

PIC microcontroller can be purchased as a relatively inexpensive and pre- made circuit or as a kit
that can be combined by user.

As a Circuit Wizard, you will require a computer to run the software, which allows you to
program a PIC microcontroller circuit. A fairly cheap, low-specification computer should run

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software easily. Computer is need a serial port or a USB. This is used to connect the computer to
the microcontroller circuit.

As such software, Genie Design Studio can be downloaded for free. It can be used in program
micro-controller circuits. This lets the programmer imitate the program before downloading it to
a peak micro-controller IC (Integrated Circuit).
Program simulation on the screen, correct programmer’s error and modify programs.

The software is very easy to learn, based on the flow chart. Each 'box' of the flow chart has a
purpose and replaces the numerous lines of text programming code. This means that a program
can be written very quickly with fewer programs.
A USB Lead connects the computer to programmable circuits, which allows the transfer of
program to PIC micro-controller IC.

3.2. 555 Timer IC:

555 timer ICs are used in an integrated circuit (chip) timer, pulse generation, and oscillator
applications. 555 timer, it can be used as an oscillator and as a flip-flop material.

3.2.1 History of 555 IC

The 555 timer was launched in 1970 by ICT Signet Corporation and it’s addressed an SE / NE
555 timer. It is fundamentally monumental time circuits which produce accurate and extremely
firm time delay or glue. Compared to op-amp applications in the identical area, 555IC is
uniformly reliable and expensive. Its 555 timers, like Constable and Stable, can be used for DC-
DC converter, digital logic probe, wave-form generator, analog frequency meter and
touchometer, temperature measurement and control device, voltage regulator etc. Timer ICT
setup to work in two modes - One-shot or single-colored or free-running or stable multivibrator
for the range of 555 temperatures for the SE 555 - 55 ° C to 125 ° can be used. NE 555 knows
how to be used for temperature.

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3.2.2 IC Pin Design

555 Timer IC 8-Pins Metal Can, Available as an 8-pin tiny DIP (Dual-In-Package) or 14-stick
Dip Pin arrangement statistics are shown.
This IC composed of 23 transistors, 2 diodes and 16 resistors. Apply of every pin of IC is
explained underneath. The following PIN numbers can be used for 8-pin DIP and 8-pin metal
packages.

Pin 1: Grounded Terminal: All the voltages are calculated with admiration to the Ground
terminal.

Pin 2: Trigger Terminal: The trigger pin is used to trigger input 555 IC is locating as a
constable multivibatter. This pin is in charge for the conversion of flip-flop to a assessment of an
inverting input and reset from the set. The timer output depends on the amplitude of the external
trigger pulse applied to this pin. A unconstructive pulse with a DC level bigger than Vcc / 3 is
applied to this terminal. At the negative end, the trigger passes through Vcc / 3, the output of the
low comparative becomes high and the compliment of Q becomes zero. So 555 IC gets a high
voltage of output, and thus a quasistable state.

Pin 3: Output Te rminal: Timer output is available at this pin. There are two ways which can be
connected to a loaded output terminal. One way is to connect between the output pin (pin 3) and
the ground pin (pin 1) or 3 between the pins and the pin (pin 8). The connected load between the

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output and the Ground Supply Pins is usually called load and the load connected to the output
and ground pins is usually called load.

Pin 4: Reset Terminal: Whenever the timer IC is reset or disabled, the negative pulse is applied
to pin 4 and thus it is named as the reset terminal. Regardless of the input status the output is
reset.

Pin 5: Control Voltage Terminal: Entrance and generate levels are restricted using these pins.
Therefore, the quantity of voltage functional to this workstation will determine while the
compotator switches and thus will change the output pulse width. When this pin is not used, it
should bypass the ground via a 0.

Pin 6: Threshold Terminal: It is comparable to the non- inverter input terminal 1, which
compares the voltage applied to the terminal with a reference voltage of 2/3 VCC. This terminal
is responsible for the status of the flotation- flop set of amplitude of the applied voltage.

Pin 7: Expulsion workstation: These pin transistor collectors are internally attached and mostly
a capacitor is connected between these terminals and the ground. When the transistor saturates it,
the discharge through the capacitor transistor is called because it is called the discharge terminal.
When the transistors are cut, the capacitor is resistant to the outer .

3.2.4 555 Timer Basics

The 555 timer consists of a relaxation oscillator, two comparators, an R-S flip- flop, and a free
capacitor.

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 As publicized in the diagram, T1 and T2 are two transistors are connected. Transistor T1
antenna runs the base of transistor T2 through Writer R2. Transistor T2 collector
transistors drive through T1 base resistant Rb1. When one of the transistors is
synthesized, other transistors will remain in cut-off mode. So there is a zero foundation
drive for the transistor.

The value will respond to the transistor T1 foundation when it cuts off the cut. Thus, the
prosperity and cut-off value Q and its praise set high and low prices of any person in the
transistor. Adding supplementary elements to the circuit an R-S flip- flop is obtained. By the way,
a compensatory (reverse) amount produced Q is accessible from another transistor antenna.
Symbol designed for SM is revealed on top of. Circuit Q latches lately latches lately question or

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in its complimentary state. S input sets the value of Q to go higher in a higher value. And the
high value of the input resets the value of Q to less.

3.2.4 Essential Timing idea

Starting above outline, assume flip flop amount produced of S., Q is higher. These high values
are transmitted to the transistor base and transistors are synthesized and thus create a nil voltage
of the collector. The capacitor power is stuck on the floor, which capacitor city is short and
cannot be charged.
Capacitor C now charge free As this capacitor C charge increases the threshold voltage. Finally,
the threshold voltage grew slightly larger than (+10V). Comparative output then goes high, RS is
forced to set flip- flop. High Q saturates the output transistor, and this quick capacitor drainage.
An exponential growth capacitor appears across C and the output is displayed in a positive
running pulse. So capacitor voltage VC is exponential and rectangular. This is shown in the
figure above.

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3.2.5 555 IC Timer Block Diagram

3.2.6. Functioning law

Internal resistor acts as a voltage divider network, (2/3) Vcc provides high comparable non-
interfering terminals and (1/3) Vcc low comparative inverting terminal. The amount produced of
the above comparisons is applied to the set of flip- flop set (s). When the high production from
the flip- flop supplies the free transistor base, it syntheses it and disrupts transistor which is
externally coupled to the liberation pin 7. The flip- flop supplemental signal pin is 3, the output.
Pin 3 available output less. These conditions will be strong until the low connector flip- flop
trigger triggers. The threshold input voltage (2/3) VCC, which falls below the high comparator,
cannot change the flip-flop again.

Transform flip- flop production, reduce the voltage at the trigger input (+1/3) Vcc. When this
happens, the low-end flip-flop triggers, its output is low. The low output discharge from the flip-
flop closes the transistor and gives power to the amplifier to gain high power output. These
conditions will continue to independent the trigger input voltage. Lower comparison flip- flop
output may be less. To strengthen the production from the timer far, trigger input voltage must be
reduced (+1/3) the VCC.

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Control input can be applied to change the level which occurs in a voltage switching. When not
used, a 0.01 NANO-Farad capacitor should be connected to pin 5 and the ground so that the false
trigger is created in this pin. Connecting the reset (pin 4) A logic will place a high level of flip-
flop output. The discharge will turn on the transistor and the power amplifier will have a lower
output. This condition will continue until reset is taken high. This allows synchronization or
resetting of the circuit’s operation. When it’s not in use, reset should be tied to +V CC .

3.3 RF Module:
Generally, there are two overriding limitations of the wireless system designer: it works on a
certain distance and has to transfer a certain amount of data into the data rate. RF module levels
are very small and a wide range of operating voltage ranges from 3V to 12V.

Basically RF modules (315 MHz / 418MHz / 433MHz / 915MHz) RF transmitters and receiver
modules. When transmitting the logic zero while fully suppressing the carrier frequency, the
transmitter cannot draw any strength, resulting in significantly less energy in battery operation.
When the lyric is sent, it is about 4.5m with the power provider to get 5 volts. The information is
transmitted gradually from the transmitter, which is obtained by the protected receiver. The
transmitter and the receiver are properly interfaced to the two.

We can connect directly to the controller 3 pin RF module; No encoder and decoder is needed.
The work of 3-pin RF transmitter and receiver modules is transmitted / transformed as follows.

3.3.1 Working of RF Transmitter Module:

From the circuit, the power supply is connected to the 5V 28 micro-controller pin and the ground
is connected to the 20th pin. Here, we've got two switches that are well stretched up to 5V with a
micro-controller and these two switches form the input command of the micro-controller. We got
an LCD display to display the information sent. We have an arrangement for a computer key
board to connect from the keyboard output to the microcontroller's input frequently and from the

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data pin to the positive and negative part and this information is displayed at the end of the LCD.
We have an RF transmitter. It has the VCC supply, GND. The microcontroller goes to the data
pin. The program is so written that by doing this proper operation we activate the first key board.
Once the keyboard is activated by pressing the buttons, the keyboard entry can be displayed on
the LCD. If it is sent against codes instead of 0 to 9, it will be displayed on the LCD. Here every
press is going forward from 0 to 9 in the code, and finally we will send the push button to send it
to microcontroller and then to be sent from the 433 MHz frequency antenna to the RF transmitter
module.

3.3.2 Working of RF Receiver Module:

At the end of the receiver we have +5V as the microcontroller has similar connections for the
power supply. Likewise, in the transmitter, we hear that two push buttons are being used with
10k printers by supplying 5V for RF module. We are using Pin 3.0 to connect the RF module's
data pin and 1 and 2 pins of the RF module to GND and VCC.

There are two buttons for selecting our code and receiving information. Data is dodolated when
received by receiver module and the receiver pin according to the program goes to 10
microcontrollers. It then displays LCD display messages.

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3.3.3 Pin diagram and Pin description:

Figure: (3.11) RF Transmitter& RF Receiver

RF Transmitter
Pin on Function Name
1 Ground (0v) Ground
2 Serial data input pin Data
3 Supply voltage’s 5v Vcc
4 Antenna output pin ANT
RF Receiver

3.3.4. Features Of RF Transmitter And Receiver:

Pin no. Function Name

1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Serial data output pin Data
3 Linear output pin; not connected NC
4 Supply voltage; 5v Vcc
5 Supply voltage; 5v Vcc
6 Ground (0v) Ground
7 Ground (0v) Ground
8 Antenna output pin ANT
1. Receiver frequency: 433MHz
2. Receiver typical sensitivity: 105Dbm

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 3. Receiver current supply: 3.5mA
4. Receiver operating voltage: 5V
5. Low power consumption
6. Transmitter frequency range: 433.92MHz
7. Transmitter supply voltage: 3V~5V
8. Transmitter output power: 4~12Dbm
It has many applications in various areas like Remote lighting controls, long range RFID,
wireless alarm and security systems etc.

3.3.5Main Factors Affecting RF Module’s Performance:

Compared to other radio frequency devices, the performance of the RF module will increase the
power of the transmitter; depending on many services such as the distance of a greater contact
will be collected. However, due to the high electrical power drain on the transmitter device, the
battery-powered device may cause short operating life. This will also interfere with other RF
devices using these devices in higher powered power.

3.3.6. Applications:
1. Wireless security systems
2. Car alarm systems
3. Remote control
4. Sensor reporting
5. Automation systems

3.4 Capacitor
Capacitor is a passive electronic component or device which is capable of saving charges with a
specific voltage level across two inverted plates or surfaces, which is separated by an insulating
material or dielectric material.

During this charging process, a charging current, (i) changes the electric charge equivalent to the
rate of the plate flowing in the capacitor in opposition to any change in the voltage.

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This charging can be defined as current: I = CDV / DT. Once the capacitor is "fully charged", the
capacitor blocks the electrons due to its flow in its plates. However, if we apply an alternative
current or AC supply, the capacitor will optionally charge and discharge at the rate determined
by the frequency of supply. Then the Capacitance in AC circuits varies with frequency as the
capacitor is being constantly charged and discharged.

3.5 Variable Resistor

A variable resistor is a device which is used to change the resistance of an electronic circuit
according to our requirement. It can be used as a three terminals and a two terminal device. Most
stars are used as three terminal devices. Variable Resistant Most devices are used for calibration.
As shown in the diagram below

A variable resistor consists of a track which provides the resistance path. Two terminal devices
are connected to both ends of the track. The third terminal tracks the speed determines a wiper is
attached. Help prevent wiping speed through the track and decrease the growth.

3.6 Resistor
Linear resistor is a linear, passive two-terminal electrical component which uses electrical
resistance as a circuit element. The direct ratio of voltage across the current resistor's terminal
through a resistor. Therefore, the resistance of voltage across a resistor terminal is called
resistance to running intensity through the stream.This relation is represented by Ohm's law:

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Ohm’s Law: V = IR
Where V is the voltage applied across resistor,
I is the current flowing through it, and R is the constant called resistance.
The unit of resistance is ohms.

3.7 Diode
A diode is a device that only operates at rated rated voltage levels, allowing current flow of
unmarried flows. A diode only blocks the current to the opposite side, the opposite voltage is in a
limited range, but the opposite barrier separator and the voltage of this voltage is called the
opposite break voltage. Diode works as a valve in electronic and electric circuit. The most
straightforward form of a PN junction diode, which ideally behaves as a short circuit, and when
it is inverted bias, it ideally behaves like an open circuit. There is a variety of diodes in front of
the general PN junction diode, even though the basic principles are less or less. Therefore, a
specific diagram of the diode can convert AC to DC Pulsing Dc and this is sometimes also
known as the Rectifier.

3.8 Transistor
NPN Transistor Bipolar Junction is a transistor (BJT) type. The NPN transistor contains two n-
type semiconductor material and is separated by a thin layer of P-type semiconductor. Here is the
most charge carrier electron. This electrone flow from the collector to the collector forms the

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current flow of the transistor. Generally, the NPN transistor is the most commonly used bipolar
transistor because the mobility of electrons is more than the dynamics of the hole. The NPN
transistor has three terminals – emitter, base and collector. The NPN transistor is frequently used
for amplifying and switching the signals.

The above figure shows the symbol and structure of NPN transistor. In this structure we can
observe the three terminals of transistor.

3.9 Relay
An electromagnetic switch in a relay is operated by relatively small electrical current which can
turn on or off a large electric current. A relay heart is an electromagnet (a coil of wire that
becomes a temporary magnet when flowing through electricity). You can think of a relay as a
kind of electric lever. Switch it to a small current and it switches to other tools ("leverage") using
a large current. Why is that useful? The name suggests, many sensors produce incredibly
sensitive pieces of electronic equipment and only small electric currents. But often we need them
to run larger pieces of equipment that uses larger currents. Relays gap bridge, it turns the tiny
currents activated to greater ones. That means those relay switches (things turned on and off) or
act as an amplifier.

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When electricity is flowing through the first circuit, it activates electromagnet (brown), creates a
magnetic field (blue) that attracts a contact (red) and the second circuit activates the second.
When the power stops, the spring again switches the second circuit again, dragging its contact
with its original location.

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3.10 LCD Display
LCDs (liquid crystal displays) are used in all electronics projects to show the status of the
process. A 16x2 alphanumeric LCD nowadays is the most widely used module of LCD. Other
LCD types are available in the market.
Selecting LCD on other display components or devices because it is low cost, easily
programmable, display letter numbers, etc.
16x2 LCD has two horizontal lines which have 16 display characters. It has two type of register
integral that is Command Register, Data Register.

Figure: (3.17) Symbol Of LCD display

The command article is used to insert a special command in the LCD. When data is entered into
information on the LCD document. The command is a special set of data that is used for LCD
internal commands like clear screens, lines 1 character 1, settings for cursor etc.

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Pin Description:

Pin
Function Name
No
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) Vcc
Contrast adjustment; through a
3 VEE
variable resistor
Selects command register when low;
4 Register Select
and data register when high
Low to write to the register; High to
5 Read/write
read from the register
Sends data to data pins when a high
6 Enable
to low pulse is given
7 DB0
8 DB1

9 DB2
10 DB3
8-bit data pins
11 DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7

15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+

16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

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3.11 Water Level Indicator
For water level indication unit we can use LCD or relay which will work for water level
indication. By sensing water levels through water level sensor, LCD should be display as on/off.

3.12 Water Pump Controlling System

We can control the water pump by connecting it with the motor driver circuit output pin through
the micro-controller. When the micro-controller motor driver sends a positive signal (+5V) or a
ground signal (0V) to the circuit, the water pump gradually or closes, respectively. We would
like to use a manual switch on motor driver circuits which should be used to control it manually.
It makes this system more user- friendly.

3.13 Power supply

In most of our electronic products or projects we need a power supply for converting mains AC
voltage to a regulated DC voltage. For making a power supply designing of each and every
component is essential. Here I’m going to discuss the designing of regulated 5V Power Supply.

7805 is a 5V fixed three terminal positive voltage regulators IC. The IC has features such as safe
operating area protection, thermal shut down, internal current limiting which makes the IC very
rugged. Output currents up to 1A can be drawn from the IC provided that there is a proper heat
sink. A 6.3V transformer steps down the main voltage, 1A Bridge rectifies it and capacitor C1
filters it and 7805 regulates it to produce a steady 5Volt DC. The circuit schematic is given
below.

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3.13.1 Circuit diagram

3.13.2 Component List

1. Step down transformer
2. Voltage regulator
3. Capacitors
4. Diodes

3.13.3 Voltage Regulator:

The most generally used IC regulators get into the market for 5V DC regulation use is LM7805.

IC LM7805 is a DC regulated IC of 5V. This IC is very flexible and is widely working in all
types of circuit like a voltage regulator. It is a three terminal device and primarily called input,
output and ground. Pin diagram of the IC LM7805 is shown in the diagram below.

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LM7805 IC Rating:
1. Input voltage range 7V- 35V
2. Current rating I c = 1A
3. Output voltage range VMax=5.2V , VMin=4.8V

SUMMARY:
Modern science age Advanced technology makes our life easier and also negatively impacts our
lives by blocking crime rates. So people are trying to protect them. People develop their security
day by day. Security measures are critical issues of all-time water security, serious problems.
Due to the busy life it is usually on flowers without general notice. To switch a motor that could
be used to monitor the motor seal polar pump water, it must monitor the level of water in its
tanks and sometimes it may also be.

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 CHAPTER 4
DESIGN AND FABRICATION
4.1 Block Diagram

Page 30
4.2. Flow chart:

Figure: (4.1) Flow Chart

Page 31
4.3. Circuit Diagram:

4.4. Image Of The Project

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4.5. Summary:
Water level indicator indicates and indicates water level and overhead tank or any other water
holder. Tank water level indicates using 5 LEDs and the water pump is completely closed when
tanker water level is complete. There are 4 probes in the water level indicator that are placed in
overhead tanks and interfaces with port 2 microcontrollers.

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 CHAPTER-5
DISCUSSIONS

5.1. Working Improvement

This project is very easy to operate. Its functions are wireless and motor control automatically.
So the human power is not needed for its work.

5.2. Circuit Improvement

Our project circuit is very simple circuit. Because this circuit equipment is present in the market.
We used mechanical tools for water level indicators. There is no used ultrasonic sensor, and the
sensation induction conductor indicates. So our circuit is simple.

5.3. Maintenance Improvement

Unite control of this system does not have any connection to the above tunts and no ultrasonic
hydrogen sensor. So our project maintenance is easy.

5.4. Costing Improvement

Our circuit equipment is fragmented at the prevailing market and equipment prices. Unite those
controls there until the upper tune up to no one does its connection. So their value is lowered.

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5.5. Water Level Indicator Project Circuit Features
1. Trouble-free setting up.
2. Packed together elegant design.
3. By controlling the automatic water level, the pump does not guarantee any overflows or
dry running. Avoid roof and wall seepage due to overflowing tanks.
4. Automatic, man saves power completely
5. Swallow for very little energy, ideal endless activity. The automatic water level control
gives you the flexibility to decide for yourself the water level for the Pump Sum activity.
6. See the clearness of the water level in the upper tank.

5.6. Water Level Indicator Project Applications

1. Automatic water level controllers are used in hotels, factories, homes apartments,
commercial complexes, drainage, etc.
2. It is suitable for solo step motor, single episode submersibles, three-step motor. Stepping
for 3 steps and a lonely step submersible starter is worthwhile being open and good, good
bother sump. We can control two top tunks with two motors and two sumps and solo
parts.
3. Automated water level controller automatically starts the pump amount as soon as the
water level drops below the previously set level (usually 1/2 tank), the sooner the pumps
will be switched off as soon as the pans are set.
4. Fuel level pointer in vehicles.
5. Liquid level indicator in the huge containers in the companies.

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5.7. Cost Estimation

NO Particulars Specification Qty. Unit Total

Price Price
1 Microcontroller IC PIC 16F73-28pin 1no. 200 200
2 555 Timer IC 200mA 1no. 30 30
3 TX Module 3pin 1no. 275 275
4 Rx Module 4pin 1no 275 275
5 LCD Monitor 16x2 Backlit 1no. 165 165
6 Power Supply 5V-DC 1nos. 400 400
7 Variable Resistor 3pin 1nos. 20 20
8 Relay 5V-10A 1no. 30 30
9 Motor Pump DC 1no. 600 600
10 Battery 5V Lead Acid 2nos. 120 240
11 Capacitor Various 5nos. 10 50
12 Voltage Regulator LM 7805 1no. 10 10
13 Diode IN4007 4nos. 5 20
14 Transistor BJT-NPN 1no. 5 5
15 Resistor Various 14nos. 1,7 20
16 LED’s Various 10nos 3 30

17 PCB Board PCB 3nos 25 75

18 Buzzer BUZ1 1no. 20 20

Total Amount 2465

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 CHAPTER-6
CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS

6.1. Conclusion
On this paper we have a money- making user- friendly system to manage the water level of
wirelessly and mechanically explain the devise. According to our designs, this is the best
implementable home and office. The limit is coverable only above the household and workplace
areas. It is observable that the domestic and the office are one of the important areas of water
samples. One solution is the simple-to- use warehouse scheme to implement so low prices. It's a
problem, such as its distraction.

We can avoid water from being wasted by using it. We can also stay away from seepage of roofs
and walls due to overflowing tanks. As it is fully automatic, we can save man power by using
water level indicator. It consumes low power, so it saves electricity. Though we faced some
troubleshooting during the making of this project, we overcame it by the help of our course
teacher. We can also add some further improvement in this project. We are planning to add
buzzer and LCD display in our project. By adding buzzer and LCD display we can know about
the water level monitoring the LCD display.

6.2. Application:
1. Security system
2. Water level system
3. Remote control
4. Sensor reporting
5. Automation system

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6.3. Limitations of the work:
Although we have tried to build an additional house security system. There are some limitations.
If the laser has any objection to it. It is a warning message or it may be dangerous or with a
danger. It is the only one barrier to detect. This is a problem with our project. We can also use
this system to automate the automation system to control the electrical appliance by making
some additional modification-changes.

6.4. Future Scopes:

The system specification shows the description of the function and the performance of system
and the user. The scope of our project design and construction of GSM and laser based home
application control system is immense. The future implementation of the project are very great
considering the amount of time and resources it saves. The project we have under taken can be
used as a reference or as a base for realizing a scheme to be implemented in other project of
greater level such as temperature update, device synchronization home automation etc.

Page 38
 References
[1] S. M. Khaled Reza., Shah Ahsanuzzaman Md. Tariq., and S.M. Mohsin Reza.,
“Microcontroller Based Automated Water Level Sensing and Controlling: Design and
Implementation Issue”, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer
Science, Vol 1,pp.1-7, 2010.

[2] MelatyAmirruddin., Nurhakimah M. Mukhtar., Hana A. Halim., and Nur S. Noorpi.,

“Microcontroller Based Water Level Indicator
Using GSM Modem: Design and Application”, 1st International Conference on Future Trends in
Computing and Communication Technologies, pp.79-83, 2012.

[3] Yan Xijun., Lu Limei., and Xu Lizhong., “The Application of Wireless Sensor Network In
the Irrigation Area Automatic System”,
International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted
Computing, Vol.1, pp.21-24, 2009.

[4] Christian Reinisch., Wolfgang Kastner, Georg Neugschwandtner, and Wolfgang Granzer.,
“Wireless Technologies in Home and
Building Automation”, 5th IEEE international conference on Industrial Informatics, Vol. 1,
pp.93-98, 2007

[5] Y unpeng Liu, and Chen yang, “Based on GSM Network of Intelligent Telemetry Water
System”, International Conference on
Electronics and Optoelectronics, Vol.2, pp.220-222, 2011.

[6] L. L. Pfitscher., D. P. Bernardon., L. M. Kopp., M. V. T. Heckler., and J. Behrens,

“Automatic Control of Irrigation Systems Aiming at
High Energy Efficiency in Rice Crops”, Proceedings of the 8th International Caribbean
Conference on Devices Circuits and Systems
(ICCDCS), pp.1-4, 2012.

Page 39
[7] Dr. Seema Verma, “Wireless Sensor Network application for water quality monitoring in
India”, National Conference on Computing and
Communication Systems (NCCCS)., pp.1-5, 2012.

[8] Mihajlovic, Z., Radmilovic, Z., Milosavljevic, V., Rajs, V., and Zivanov, M.,
“Implementation of Remote Environmental Monitoring
System Using RF Modules with Secure Communication between Devices”, Conference on
Embedded Computing MECO., pp.54-57,
2012.

[9] Yin Hailong.,XuZuxin., Wang Juan., and Ren Yi., “Wireless Real- time Observation System
for Water Level of Urban Drainage”, Third
International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation., Vol.3,
pp.1158-1161, 2013.

[10] B O‟Flynn., Rafael Martínez- Català., S. Harte., and C. O‟Mathuna, “Smart Coast - A
Wireless Sensor Network for Water Quality
Monitoring,” 32nd IEEE Conference on Local Computer Networks., pp.815-816, 2007.

[11] Xizi Li., and Changyi Jiao., “Water Conservancy Monitoring System Based On Wireless
Sensor Network”, 2nd International Conference
on Mechanical Automation and Control Engineering., pp.1858-1860, 2011.

Page 40
 Appendix
Program code:
Program Analysis

int LED = 8;
int motor = 9;
int temp=0;
int i=0;
charstr[15];
void setup()
{
Serial.begin(9600);
pinMode(motor,OUTPUT);
pinMode(LED,OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(motor,LOW);
digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
delay(20000);
delay(20000);
delay(20000);
Serial.println("AT+CNMI=2,2,0,0,0");
delay(1000);
Serial.println("AT+CMGF=1");
delay(500);
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
Serial.println("System is ready to receive commands.");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26); // ASCII code of CTRL+Z

Page 41
delay(1000);
}
void loop()
{
if(temp==1)
{
check();
temp=0;
i=0;
delay(1000);
}
}
voidserialEvent()
{
while(Serial.available())
{
if(Serial.find("/"))
{
delay(1000);
while (Serial.available())
{
charinChar=Serial.read();
str[i++]=inChar;
if(inChar=='/')
{
temp=1;
return;
}
}
}
}

Page 42
}
void check()
{
if(!(strncmp(str,"motor on",8)))
{
digitalWrite(motor,HIGH);
digitalWrite(LED,HIGH);
delay(1000);
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Motor Activated");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26); // ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"motor off",9)))
{
digitalWrite(motor,LOW);
digitalWrite(LED,LOW);
delay(1000);
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);
Serial.println("Motor deactivated");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26); // ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}
else if(!(strncmp(str,"test",4)))
{
Serial.println("AT+CMGS=\"+91xxxxxxxxxx\"\r"); // Replace x with mobile number
delay(1000);

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Serial.println("The System is Working Fine.");// The SMS text you want to send
delay(100);
Serial.println((char)26); // ASCII code of CTRL+Z
delay(1000);
}
}

Page 44