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This document discusses the key differences between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes contain single bonds and undergo substitution reactions. Alkenes contain double bonds and undergo addition reactions. Alkynes contain triple bonds and undergo both addition and substitution reactions. Alkenes can be distinguished from alkanes because alkenes decolorize bromine solution, while alkanes do not. Alkynes can be distinguished from alkenes because alkynes form a red precipitate when mixed with ammoniacal copper(I) chloride, while alkenes do not react.

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220 views2 pages

New Microsoft Word Document

This document discusses the key differences between alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes. Alkanes contain single bonds and undergo substitution reactions. Alkenes contain double bonds and undergo addition reactions. Alkynes contain triple bonds and undergo both addition and substitution reactions. Alkenes can be distinguished from alkanes because alkenes decolorize bromine solution, while alkanes do not. Alkynes can be distinguished from alkenes because alkynes form a red precipitate when mixed with ammoniacal copper(I) chloride, while alkenes do not react.

Uploaded by

mindpower_146
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Alkane, alkene and alkyne are hydrocarbon

Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon (containing single bond) and gives substitution reaction.
Alkene is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing double bond) and give addition reaction.
Alkyne is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing triple bond ) and give both addition and
substitution reaction.

How to distinguish between


Alkane and Alkene
Alkene decolourizes reddish brown bromine solution. But Alkane does not.
e.g. CH2=CH2 + Br2 (reddish brown) ---------> CH2Br-CH2Br (colourless)
ethene ethene dibromide
CH3 - CH3 + Br2 ---------> no decolourization
ethane

Alkene and Alkyne


Alkyne give red precipitate on mixing with ammoniacal copper (I) chloride. But Alkene
does not.
C2H2 + Cu2Cl2 + 2NH3 = C2Cu2 + 2 NH4Cl
Ethyne (acetylene) dicopper acetylide(red ppt)
(metal such as copper replace the triple bonded hydrogen from the ethyne)

CH2=CH2 + Cu2Cl2 + NH3 = no reaction(because there is no replaceable or acidic


hydrogen to be replaced by copper)

Question:I'm very confused about this for my chemistry final... 10 pts will be awarded to best answer!
Thank you!

Answers:Alkane, alkene and alkyne are hydrocarbon Alkane is saturated hydrocarbon (containing single
bond) and gives substitution reaction. Alkene is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing double bond) and
give addition reaction. Alkyne is unsaturated hydrocarbon (containing triple bond ) and give both addition
and substitution reaction. How to distinguish between Alkane and Alkene Alkene decolourizes reddish
brown bromine solution. But Alkane does not. e.g. CH2=CH2 + Br2 (reddish brown) ---------> CH2Br-
CH2Br (colourless) ethene ethene dibromide CH3 - CH3 + Br2 ---------> no decolourization ethane Alkene
and Alkyne Alkyne give red precipitate on mixing with ammoniacal copper (I) chloride. But Alkene does
not. C2H2 + Cu2Cl2 + 2NH3 = C2Cu2 + 2 NH4Cl Ethyne (acetylene) dicopper acetylide(red ppt) (metal
such as copper replace the triple bonded hydrogen from the ethyne) CH2=CH2 + Cu2Cl2 + NH3 = no
reaction(because there is no replaceable or acidic hydrogen to be replaced by copper)

Question:Which (alkanes, alkenes or alkynes) have a) higher bp and mp and b) more soluble in water?
Answers:all three have neglibigle solubility in water but the alkynes have the most; primarily due to similar
densities. Alkynes have higher boiling points than alkanes or alkenes, because the electric field of an
alkyne, with its increased number of weakly held pi electrons because of the triple bond. Because of these
weakly held election its electric feild is more easily distorted, producing stronger attractive forces between
molecules. This holds the molecules together at higher temps preventing vaporization.

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