Module: English 1 2020

UNIT 1
WHAT DO MUSLIM BELIEVE

A. Read the Text Carefully!

Muslims believe in One, Unique, Incomparable God, in the Angels created by Him, in the
prophets through whom His revelations were brought to mankind, in the Day of Judgment, in
individual accountability for actions, in God’s complete authority over human destiny and in life after
death. Muslims believe in chain of prophets starting with Adam and Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon,
Elias, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus, peace be upon them. But God’s final message to mankind,
a reconfirmation of the eternal message and summing-up of all that had gone before, was revealed
to the prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel.
Difficult Words:
Believe: percaya Destiny: nasib
Incomparable: tidak bandingannya Reconfirmation: penegasan kembali
Angel: malaikat Eternal: abadi
Revelation: wahyu To sum up: mencakup, meringkaskan
The day of judgment: kiamat
B. True or False
1. Muslims believe that each individual is accountable for his or her actions
2. God’s first message to mankind was transmitted by the prophet Muhammad
3. Muslims believe that Adam was the first prophet created by God
4. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the only prophet created by God.
5. God gave the revelation directly to the prophet.
C. Answer these Questions!
1. Do Muslims believe in life after death?
2. Who carried God’s message to prophet Muhammad?
3. What is a “reconfirmation”?
D. Structure
1. Parts of Speech
➢ Noun
o Noun structure
There are three main ways in which it is possible to put nouns together, so one modifies
another.
• Double noun structure
e.g. a table leg. a stone bridge.
• The s structure
e.g. a man’s leg. a tiger’s skin
• The of structure
e.g. a piece of land. a bunch of flowers

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o Nouns in groups
There are several categories to put nouns together.
• Parts of things
Parts of living things use s structure while parts of non-living things use the others.
e.g. a man’s leg. → a table leg – a leg of the table
• Units / collections
Units / collections use the of structure.
e.g. a sheet of paper.
• Measurement and time items
Measurement and time items use double noun structure.
e.g. a ten pound note. a three mile walk. a ten minute delay.
• Containers
Containers use double noun structure.
e.g. a match box. a tea pot. a coffee cup.
• Expressions
Expressions referring to something produced from/used by use the s structure but
something made of/killed to provide use double noun structure.
e.g. cow’s milk. Women’s magazines. A stone bridge. Chicken soup

Exercises: Combine the following nouns with a good structure!

1. a – six – year – old – boy ➔ _________________________________
2. the – tiger – skin ➔ _________________________________
3. children – clothes ➔ _________________________________
4. a – wooden – bridge ➔ _________________________________
5. a – piece – land ➔ _________________________________
6. the – tortoise - shell ➔ _________________________________
7. a – car – door ➔ _________________________________
8. the – lamb – wool ➔ _________________________________
9. a – bird – egg ➔ _________________________________
10. a – bunch – flower ➔ _________________________________
11. the – roof – house ➔ _________________________________
12. an – elephant – trunk ➔ _________________________________
13. the – top – mountain ➔ _________________________________
14. a – paint – tin ➔ _________________________________
15. a – silk – dress ➔ _________________________________

➢ Verbs
o Kinds of verbs
• Transitive ➔ followed by an object – I watch TV
• Intransitive ➔ not followed by an object –. I sleep
• Ergative ➔ in/transitively used with various subject –. the door opens.
• Copular ➔ used to describe the subject –. she seems happy now.
o Verbs complementation
Different verbs can be followed by different kinds of words and structures.
• Verbal object complement
Verbs can be followed by adjective, adverb and noun.
e.g. I feel happy. I watch TV. I study hard.
• as structure

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Verbs can be followed by as structure to say commonly how to describe

somebody/one/thing.
e.g. I see you as a basically kind person.
It is a beautifully expensive car.
• Preparatory it
It can also be used as an object describing something.
e.g. I found it hard to understand him. Just take it easy.
o Verb particle
Verbs can be followed by a particle in a sentence.
• Adverbial verbs
Verbs combined with a particle showing as an adverb.
e.g. She is out. You must go in.
• Prepositional verbs
Verbs combined with a particle without changing the base meaning in the production
of it.
e.g. I believe in god but I do not believe you
• Phrasal verbs
Verbs combined with a particle with changing the base meaning in the production of
it.
e.g. Look! She is looking for her shoes now.

Exercises: Underline one of the following similar words, which is used as a verb!
1. The teacher needs your answer. So you must answer his question.
2. The rain is hard today. It usually rains a lot here.
3. I am at work now. I work eight hours every day.
4. People must change the world since the change is very important.
5. She always smiles at me and I will always miss her smile.
6. Stop the fight now! They must not fight here.
7. I think the bank is open now because it opens at eight o’clock.
8. The table is clean now. They clean it every day.
9. The bottle is not empty. We must empty it now.
Look! The door is close. The students usually close it on time.

➢ Adjective
o Adjective order
A noun is sometimes preceded by several adjectives put in a particular order.

Dt Or Ep Cla Hd
De Si A Ture Sha Co Or Com Ma
Determiner ➔ article, possessive, demonstrative, numbers
Ordinative ➔ very, quite, rather
Epithet ➔ Descriptive (good, bad…) ➔ Size (small, big…)
➔ Age (old, young…) ➔ Shape (round, square)
➔ Temperature (cold, hot) ➔ Color (red, blue…)
Classifying ➔ Country (Italian, French…)
➔ Complementation (V-ing/ed – adj)
➔ Material (gold, silver…)
Head ➔ Purpose and Fact

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e.g. I have a very beautiful small black Italian interesting hand bag.
o Adjective positions
• Predicative position
Is used as a predicate and comes after copular verbs
e.g. She is afraid. He is alone here. It is still alive.
• Attributive position
Is used as an attribute of a word.
- Fixed phrase after noun
e.g. God almighty
- Measurement after noun
e.g. Two meters high
- Well known group / Nationality
e.g. The Irish. The poor and the rich
- Abstract idea
e.g. A new house
- Adjectival object
e.g. Let’s get something hot
Exercises: Arrange these scrambled adjectives into the correct order. Use Adjective
Order!
1. He is a / American / young / rich / exciting businessman.
________________________________________________
2. That is a very / long / steel / strong bridge.
________________________________________________
3. I have some / interesting / thick / English / expensive story books.
________________________________________________
4. They are building some / amazing / beautiful / white / high towers.
________________________________________________
5. The very / golden / beautiful / stolen / old watch cost two million dollars.
________________________________________________
6. A very / black / fascinating / small / intelligent dolphin is swimming near the boy
over there.
________________________________________________
7. Let’s find the very / white / luxurious / shining / small diamond here.
________________________________________________
8. I am very happy to meet a very /young / brilliant / talented / person like you.
________________________________________________
9. How do you make this / circle / wide / great / blue line to dig the ground?
________________________________________________
10. I can’t stand living in a / cold / damaged / small / tremendous village.
________________________________________________

➢ Adverb
o Adverb order
A sentence may sometimes contain about several adverbs put in a particular order.
Adverbs
Fr Cr Dg Mn Pl Tm

Frequency ➔ often, always, seldom…

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Certainty ➔ probably, possibly, certainly…

Degree ➔ very, quite, rather…
Manner ➔ hard, quickly…
Place ➔ here, at home…
Time ➔ now, yesterday, tomorrow…
e.g. He often certainly sings some songs very sweetly on the stage every Sunday.
• Adverb particle
Adverb made by a particle and used to describe the subject or object.
e.g. She is out. You must go in
• Adverb modifier
An adverb can also be used to modify adjective, adverb and participle.
e.g. It is terribly cold. This car is unusually fast.
• Adverb positions
- Mid ➔ He often does this. It is certainly true.
- Final ➔ You must study hard. I stay at home
- Initial/Final ➔ Today he is attending the meeting.

The key notions (adjectives and adverbs)

Ending ly
The words ending ly are not always adverbs, they can be adjectives.
e.g. She is a friendly girl.
The same forms
Adjectives and adverbs sometimes have the same forms.
e.g. You must study hard (adv). It is a hard work (adj).

Exercises: Arrange these scrambled words into the correct order. Use Adverb
Order!
1. the news / listen to / carefully / they / everyday.
________________________________________________
2. often / well / the man / piano / plays / in the morning.
________________________________________________
3. usually / she / TV / watches / in / at night / her / bedroom.
________________________________________________
4. the door / he / quietly / opens / never.
________________________________________________
5. games / play / sometimes / in / the children / their / happily / room.
________________________________________________
6. the little boy / an apple / frequently / in / eats / the kitchen.
________________________________________________
7. stays / she / on / at home / Sundays.
________________________________________________
8. a book / I / the library / always / from / borrow.
________________________________________________
9. leave / immediately / they / this / town.
________________________________________________
10. a tree / in / plants / the / he / often / garden.
________________________________________________

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UNIT 2
THE FIRST PILLAR OF ISLAM (FAITH)

A. Read the text carefully!

There is no God worthy of worship except God and Muhammad is His messenger. This
declaration of faith is called the Shahada, a simple formula which all the faithful pronounce. In Arabic,
the first part is La Ilaha Illallah ‘There is no God except God’ ilah (God) can refer to anything which
we may be tempted to put in place of God’s wealth, power, etc. Then comes illa Lah; ‘except God’,
the source of all creation. The second part of the Shahada is Muhammadun rasulu-Llah: ‘Muhammad
is the messenger of God.’ A message of guidance has come through a man like ourselves.
A translation of the Call to prayer is:
God is most great. God is most great.
God is most great. God is most great.
I testify that there is no god except God.
I testify that there is no god except God.
I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God.
I testify that Muhammad is the messenger of God.
Come to prayer! Come to prayer!
Come to success (in life and the Hereafter)! Come to success!
God is most great. God is most great.
There is no god except God.
Difficult Words:
Pillar: tiang/rukun Pronounce: pengucapan
Faithful: percaya, setia, jujur Tempted: tertarik
Creation: ciptaan Testify: bersaksi
Worship: sembah Worthy: patut, layak
B. True or False
1. To “ declare” something means to publicly announce it
2. To “guide” means to “give direction”.
3. Shahada is a simple formula which all the faithful pronounce.
4. Shahada may be divided into two parts.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. What can the word “god”, as general term, refer to?
2. Why is it comforting to humans to know and declare that Muhammad is the messenger of God?
3. What do you know the term of Shahada? Mention the first part of Shahada!

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4. What should we do when we listen to the call to prayer?

D. Structure
1. Basic Constructions
➢ Nominal Construction
Use To Be instead of verb in a sentence.
Pattern:
S + To Be + (adj/adv/noun)

e.g. I am a student
He is not fine
Are they in the class now?
Who are you?
➢ Verbal Construction
Use Verb in a sentence
Pattern: S + Verb + (adj/adv/noun)

e.g. I sleep in the bedroom

He does not feel good today
Do you understand?
Where does she live?

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. She is a student (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. You are not fine today (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How)
3. Am I your teacher (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Who)
4. Tim and Bill are not in the garden now (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
5. There are ten students in the class now (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How many)

2. Psychological Tenses
➢ Basic Tenses
o Simple tenses
➔ Nominal (S + To Be) and Verbal (S + Verb)
o Progressive tenses

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➔ To Be + Verb-ing
o Perfect tenses
➔ Have/Has/Had + Nominal (Been) and Verbal (Verb participle)
o Future tenses
➔ Shall/ Will
o Perfect Progressive
➔ Been + Verb-ing
To Be has several forms in a sentence depending on the subject and tense.
Present➔ is/am/are e.g. She is in Singapore
Past ➔ was/were e.g. She was in Singapore
Perfect ➔ been e.g. She has been to Singapore
Future/Modals ➔ be e.g. She will be in Singapore
Time Chart

past present future

Exercises: Identify and match the following statements in the box with the tenses
provided. What kinds of tenses are the following statements?
A. Alice will have studied English for two hours by seven o’clock tomorrow.
B. Bill usually eats lunch at a restaurant next to the bank in London.
C. Betty was sleeping on a sofa in the living room at one o’clock yesterday.
D. Mike will be meeting with the director at ten o’clock tomorrow.
E. Ann went to the cinema last night.
F. Ronald had been watching TV for three hours.
G. Bobby will go to the library and read a book there tomorrow.
H. Tommy will have been painting his house for four hours by eleven o’clock tomorrow.
I. Teddy is eating at ten o’clock now.
J. Hawk has already done all his works well
K. Jane had put all vases in the garden yesterday.
L. Tim has been working for five hours.
1. Present Simple Tense (________)
2. Present Progressive Tense (________)
3. Present Perfect Tense (________)
4. Present Perfect Progressive Tense (________)
5. Past Simple Tense (________)
6. Past Progressive Tense (________)
7. Past Perfect Tense (________)
8. Past Perfect Progressive Tense (________)
9. Future Simple Tense (________)
10. Future Progressive Tense (________)
11. Future Perfect Tense (________)
12. Future Perfect Progressive Tense (________)

UNIT 3
THE SECOND PILLAR OF ISLAM (PRAYER)

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B. Read the text carefully!

Salat is the name for the obligatory prayers which are performed five times a day, a direct
link between the worshiper and God. There is no hierarchical authority in Islam and no priests;
therefore the prayers are led by a learned person who knows the Qur’an and is chosen by the
congregation. These five prayers contain verses from the Qur’an and are recited in Arabic, the
language of the Revelation. Personal supplication, however, can be offered in one’s own language.
Prayers are recited at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and nightfall, thereby setting the
rhythm of the entire day. Although it is preferable to worship together in a mosque, Muslim may pray
alone almost anywhere, such as in fields, offices, homes, factories and universities. Visitors to the
Muslim world are struck by the centrality of prayer in daily life.
Difficult Words:
Obligatory: kewajiban Congregation: jama’ah
Prayers: shalat, sembahyang Verses: ayat
Performed: mendirikan Recite: mengucapkan
Times: kali Supplication: permohonan
Authority: kekuasaan Entire: seluruh
Struck: kagum Centrality: pentingnya

B. True or False
1. Prayers set the rhythm of the entire day.
2. Muslim perform four obligatory prayers a day.
3. Prayers must be performed together (in congregation).
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. Where can a Muslim pray?
2. What are visitors to the Muslim world surprised by?
3. How many times can Muslim pray in a day? Mention it!
4. What are the advantages of worship together in a mosque than pray alone?
5. What must Muslim do before praying?

D. Structure
➢ Past
1. Past Simple
Study this example situation
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was an Austrian musician and composer. He lived in 1756 to
1791. He started composing at the age of five and wrote more than 600 pieces of music.
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e was only 35 years old when he died.
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o Patterns
S + To Be (was/were) S + Verb II
I was sick yesterday I went to a movie last night
She was not here yesterday She did not go anywhere
Were you in the class? Did you tell him the truth?
Where were you last night? What did you do yesterday?
o Usage
 Past activity
The past simple tense is used to talk about activities happened in the past with
references to finished periods and moments of time.
e.g. I opened the door last night.
o Time signals ➔ yesterday, last night, two days ago…etc
o Time chart

past present future

The key notions

Past verb forms
▪ Regular verbs
- Add d/ed
Work → worked rain → rained
- Verbs ending –e
Hope → hoped decide → decided
- Verbs ending in a stressed vowel
Stop → stopped plan → planned
- Verbs ending a consonant + y
Study → studied cry → cried
- Verbs ending a vowel + y
Play → played stay → stayed
▪ Irregular verbs
speak → spoke → spoken
Expressive items
▪ Past habit
e.g. I used to smoke (but I don’t)
▪ Non-strange habit
e.g. I am used to smoking (It’s not something strange)
▪ New habit
e.g. I get used to smoking (I did not smoke)

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex was a doctor at Hilton Hospital ten years ago (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)

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2. They were not in the garden last night (-)

_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Was she very happy yesterday (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. Tom got up late this morning (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You did not go to cinema two days ago (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
2. Past Progressive
Study this example situation
Yesterday Karen and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o’clock and finished at 11.30.
So, at 10.30 they were playing tennis.
They were playing tennis = they were in the middle of playing tennis and they had not
finished playing.

o Pattern
S + To Be (was/were) + Verb-ing
I was sleeping at 8 o’clock last night
She was not studying when I came
Were you reading while mother was cooking?
What were you doing when she came?
o Usage
 Progressive past activity
The past progressive tense is used to say that something was in progress around
a particular past time.
e.g. I was sleeping at this time yesterday.
o Time signals ➔ at this time yesterday, when, while…etc
o Time chart

past present future

The key notion

Expressive items
▪ Distributive use
e.g. I stood under a tree when the rain began. (happened first).
I was sleeping when you came. (happened first)

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Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex was doing his homework at this time yesterday (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. They were not playing in the garden at ten last night (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Was she washing her hair at eight o’clock yesterday (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. Tom was reading at the library at seven o’clock this morning (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
5. You were not going to cinema at this time yesterday (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)

UNIT 4
THE THIRD PILLAR OF ISLAM (THE ‘ZAKAT’)

A. Read the text carefully!

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One of the most important principles of Islam is that everything belongs to God, and that
wealth is therefore held by human being in trust. The word ‘zakat’ means both ‘purification’ and
‘growth’. Our possessions are purified by setting aside a portion for those in need, and like the pruning
of plants, this cutting back balances and encourages new growth.
Each Muslim calculates his or her own zakat individually. Usually, this involves the
payment each year of two and a half percent of one’s income.
In addition, a pious person may give as much as he or she pleases as sadaqa, and does
so preferably in secret. Although this word can be translated as ‘voluntary charity’, it has a wider
meaning. The prophet said: ‘Charity is necessity for every Muslim.’ He was asked: ‘What if a person
has nothing?’ The prophet replied: ‘He should work with his own hands for his benefit and then give
something out of such earning in charity.’ The companions asked: ‘What if he is not able to work?’
The prophet said: ‘He should help poor and needy persons.’ The companions further asked: ‘What if
he lacks that also?’ The prophet said: ‘He should check himself from doing evil. That is also charity.’
Difficult Words:
Principles: rukun Payment: pembayaran
Belong to: milik Income: pendapatan
Human beings: manusia Pious: taat
Purification: pembersihan Necessity: kewajiban
Cut back: mengurangi Earnings: pendapatan
Charity: amal Lacks: kekurangan
B. True or False
1. There is a limit to how much a person can give as sadaqa.
2. The zakat is compared to the life-cycle of plants
3. According to the prophet, giving charity is simple: a person should simply do as much as he or
she is able to do.
4. “Sadaqa” is an obligation for all Muslims.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. Are human beings really the owners of the things they “possess”?
2. How are purification and growth achieved?
3. What does the word ‘zakat’ mean?
4. How many percent of their income do Muslims usually give as their ‘zakat’?
5. How should Muslim give their sadaqa?
D. Structure
1. Past Perfect
Study this example situation
Sarah went to a party last week and Paul did too, but they did not see each other. Paul
went home at 10.30 and Sarah arrived at 11.00. So, when Sarah arrived at the party,
Paul was not there. Paul had gone home.
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o Patterns
S + Had + Been
I had been at home at 7 pm last night
She had not been here when you came
Had you been there before I arrived?
Where had you been when I came?
S + Had + Verb III
I had cleaned my room at 7 pm last night
She had not done her work when I came
Had you written a letter before I arrived?
What had you done when she came?
o Usage
 Result of completed activity
The past perfect tense is used to talk about the result of completed activities that
happened one after the other in the past.
e.g. I had finished my work before you came.
o Time signals ➔ before, after…etc
o Time chart

past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex had been a bus driver for two years before he came here (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)

2. They had not been in the garden when mother arrived home (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Had she been sick for two days last week (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
4. Tom had stopped crying for an hour when mother came home (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You had not done your work when teacher came into the class (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. Past Perfect Progressive

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Study this example situation

Yesterday morning I got up and looked out of the window. It was not raining but the ground
was very wet. So, it had been raining before.

o Pattern
S + Had + Been + Verb-ing
I had been watching TV for two hours when you came
She had not been sleeping for an hour when I arrived
Had you been reading for all morning when she woke up?
How long had you been working before the company closed?
o Usage
 Duration of uncompleted activity
The past perfect progressive tense is used to talk about the duration/continuation
of uncompleted activities in the past.
e.g. I had been working for two years before the company got crisis.
o Time chart

past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex had been driving a car for an hour before he got the town (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
2. They had not sitting in the garden for an hour when Lee arrived home (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Had it been raining for two hours when I woke up (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
4. Tom had been crying for an hour when I came home (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You had not been doing your work all morning yesterday (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)

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UNIT 5
THE FOURTH PILLAR OF ISLAM (THE FAST)

A. Read the text carefully!

Every year, during the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from first-light until sundown,
abstaining from food, drink and sexual relations. Those who are sick, elderly or on a journey, as well
as pregnant or nursing women are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days
later in the year. If they are physically unable to do this, they must feed a needy person for every day

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missed. Children must begin to fast (and observe prayer) when they reach puberty, although they
may start earlier.
Although fasting is beneficial to one’s health, it is regarded principally as a method of self-
purifications. By cutting oneself off from worldly comforts even for a short while, a person is able to
sympathize with those who go hungry and grow in his spiritual life.
Difficult Words:
Principles: rukun Payment: pembayaran
Belong to: milik Income: pendapatan
Human beings: manusia Pious: taat
Purification: pembersihan Necessity: kewajiban
Cut back: mengurangi Earnings: pendapatan
Lacks: kekurangan
B. True or False
1. Fasting is regarded as a method of self-purification but it is observed mainly because it is
beneficial to one’s health.
2. No Muslim may be exempted from fasting.
3. A Muslim who is physically unable to fast must feed a needy person.
4. Children begin to fast as of puberty and are not allowed to start earlier.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. Who is permitted to break the fast?
2. What must they do later?
3. What must they do if they are unable to do this?
4. At what age do children begin to fast?
5. What are the advantages of doing the fast?
D. Structure
➢ Present
1. Present Simple
Study this example situation
Alex is a bus driver, but now he is in bed asleep. So, he is not driving. He is a sleep. He
drives a bus. Driving is his profession and habitual action.

o Patterns
S + To Be (is/am/are) S + Verb I – s/es
I am a student I go to school everyday
The fire is not cold The sun does not rise from the west
Are you happy? Do you understand?
What are you? Where do you live?
o Usages

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 Habitual action
The present simple tense is used to express habitual action or things happening
regularly all the time.
e.g. He is a doctor. She goes to school every day.
 General truth
The present simple tense is also used to talk about the permanent situations or
things that are true in the past, present and future.
e.g. The fire is hot. The sun rises from the east.
o Time signals ➔ always, often, usually, seldom, sometimes …etc
o Time chart

past present future

The key notions

No Progressive forms
Some verbs cannot be used in progressive forms
• Mental verbs ➔ believe, remember, forget, suggest, agree, need…etc
• Possessive verbs ➔ have, own, belong…etc
• Sensual verbs ➔ see, smell, hear, taste…etc
• Emotional verbs➔ love, hate, like
• Linking verbs ➔ appear, seem, look…etc
Singular verb forms
▪ Add s/es
work → works make → makes build → builds
▪ Verbs ending vowel + y
play → plays stay → stays pay → pays
▪ Verbs ending consonant + y
cry → cries bury → buries apply → applies
▪ Verbs ending in hissing sounds
wash → washes miss → misses fix → fixes
▪ Irregular changes
have → has do → does go → goes

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex is a bus driver (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. They are not in the garden now (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Is she very happy today (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)

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4. Tom often gets up late in the morning (+)

_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You do not come from Canada (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
2. Present Progressive
Study this example situation
Ann is in her car. She is on her way to work. She is driving to work now. This means that
she is driving now – at the time of speaking. In addition, the action is not finished.

o Pattern
S + To Be (is/am/are) + Verb-ing
I am watching TV now
She is not sleeping
Are you coming soon?
What are you doing?
o Usages
 Time of speaking
The present progressive tense is used to express things that are happening around
the time of speaking.
e.g. I am watching TV now.
 Period of event
The present progressive tense is also used to talk about things that are in progress
or a period around now.
e.g. He is taking an English course this semester.
 Process of change
The present progressive tense can be used for temporary situations or things that
are in a process of getting change.
e.g. The economic situation is getting worse.
 Process of arrangement
The present progressive tense can refer to the future within a process of
arrangement
e.g. I am coming soon.
o Time signals ➔ now, today, soon, at the moment …etc
o Time chart

past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Amy is reading a magazine at the moment (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)

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_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. They are not playing in the garden now (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Is she going to the office today (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. Tom is visiting his girlfriend soon (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You are not studying at the library at present (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)

UNIT 6
THE FIFTH PILLAR OF ISLAM
(THE PILGRIMAGE)

A. Read the text carefully!

The annual pilgrimage to Makkah ‘the hajj’ is an obligation only for those who are
physically and financially able to perform it. Nevertheless, about two million people come to Makkah
each year from every corner of the globe, creating a unique opportunity for people of different nations
to meet one another. Although Makkah is always filled with visitors, the annual Hajj begins in the
twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so that Hajj and Ramadan fall sometimes

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in the summer, sometimes in winter). Pilgrims wear simple garments, which strip away distinctions
of class and culture, so that all stand equal before God.
The rites of the Hajj, which are of Abrahamic origin, include circling the Ka’bah seven
times, and traveling seven times between the hills of Sofa and Marwa as did Hagar during her search
for water. Then, the pilgrims stand together on the wide plain of Arafa as a preview of the last
judgment.
In previous centuries, the hajj was an arduous undertaking. Today, Saudi Arabia provides
millions of people with water, modern transportation and up-to-date health facilities.
The closing of the Hajj is marked by a festival, the Eid al-Adha, which is celebrated with
prayers and the exchange of gifts in Muslim communities everywhere. This and the Eid al-Fitr, a
feast-day commemorating the end of Ramadan, are the main festivals of the Muslim year.
Difficult Words:
Annual: tahunan Garments: sepotong kain
Pilgrimage: haji Rites: upacara-upacara agama
Nevertheless: sekalipun demikian Arduous: sukar, berat
Corner: penjuru Undertake: berusaha
Globe: dunia Mark: menandai
Pilgrims: orang-orang haji Feast: hari raya
Gifts: hadiah, pemberian To commemorate: memperingati
B. True or False
1. All Muslims are obliged to make pilgrimage to Makkah.
2. In her search of water, Hagar went between the hills of Sofa and Marwa seven times.
3. The annual Hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year.
4. Today, Saudi Arabia cannot provide millions of people with water, modern transportation, and
up-to-date health facilities.
5. The Eid al-Adha is a feast-day commemorating the end of Ramadan.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. What does pilgrim do to show their equality before God?
2. Why is it easier to make pilgrimage today than it was in centuries past?
3. What kinds of activities do Muslims partake in during Eid al-Adha?
4. Who must make pilgrimage to Makkah?
5. When do Muslims make pilgrimage to Makkah?
D. Structure
1. Present Perfect
Study this example situation
Tim is looking for his key. He can’t find it. He has lost his key. He has lost his key = he
lost it and he still has not got it yet.

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o Patterns
S + Have/Has + Been S + Have/Has + Verb III
I have been here for an hour I have cleaned my room
She has not been here She has not done her homework
Have you been to London? Have you finished?
Where have you been? What have you done?
o Usages
 Result of recent event
The present perfect tense is used to express the result of recent/past activities at
present.
e.g. I have just cleaned my room.
 News of repeated/continuous event
The present perfect tense can also be used to talk about news of recent events
that have happened several times up to the present.
e.g. I have ever been to Singapore. I have seen that film twice.
o Time signals ➔ never, ever, just, already, yet, for, since …etc

o Time chart

past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex has been a bus driver for two years (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
2. They have not been in the garden so far (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Has she been sick for two days (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
3. Tom has cried since morning (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. You have not done your work yet (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. Present Perfect Progressive
Study this example situation
It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining. So, it has been
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o Pattern
S + Have/has + Been + Verb-ing
It has been raining the whole day
I have not been staying here for a week
Have they been working for a year?
How long have you been working here?
o Usages
 Duration of recent event
The present perfect progressive tense is used to talk about the duration of
unfinished/recent activities at present.
e.g. She has been working the whole day.
 Continuous change
The present perfect progressive tense can also refer to continuous
change/development of past activities in the present.
e.g. Scientists believe that the universe has been expanding steadily since the
beginning of the time.
o Time signals ➔ all morning, the whole day…etc
o Time chart

past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex has been driving a car for two hours (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
2. They have not been waiting in the garden so far (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Has it been raining the whole day (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
4. Tom has been crying since morning (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You have not been watching news program all day (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)

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UNIT 7
WHERE ARE THE MUSLIM?

A. Read the text carefully!

One billion people from a vast range of races, nationalities and cultures across the globe-
from the southern Philippines to Nigeria are united by their common Islamic faith. About 18% live in
the Arab world. The World’s largest Muslim community is in Indonesia. Substantial parts of Asia and
most of Africa are Muslim, while significant minorities are to be found in the Soviet Union, China,
North and South America and Europe.
Difficult Words:
Billion: Milyar (AS), Trilliun (British) Globe: bumi
Vast: sangat besar Southern: arah selatan

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Range: jarak, daerah United: dipersatukan

Race: suku bangsa Substantial: penting
Nationalities: kebangsaan While: padahal
Across: melintang di seberang Significant: bermakna
B. True or False
1. Significant minorities of Muslim are to be found in Rusia, Europe, China, and Africa.
2. The adjective “vast” means “wide”.
3. A “range’ is similar to a “set”.
4. “Substantial” means “significant”.
5. Most of the world’s Muslims live outside the Arab world.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. Where is the world’s largest Muslim community to be found?
2. Where are the world’s smallest Muslim communities to be found?
D. Structure
➢ Future
1. Future Simple
Study this example situation

Kevin loves football and this evening there is a big football match on TV. The match begins
at 07.30 and ends at 09.15. He wants to watch it. So he will watch the match on TV tonight.

o Patterns
S + Shall/Will + Be S + shall/Will + Verb I
I will be here tomorrow I will do it later
She will not be there She will not go to London
Will you be there for me? Will you make some coffee?
When will you be there? What will you do?
o Usage
 Prediction/Willingness
The future simple tense is used to talk about prediction or willingness that will
happen in the future.
e.g. I will take an English course.
o Time signals ➔ tomorrow, next week…etc
o Time chart

past present future

The key notion

Expressive items
▪ Willingness
e.g. I’ll take an English course.
▪ Plan

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e.g. I’m going to take an English course next month.

▪ Future arrangement
e.g. I am taking an English course this semester.
▪ Future time table
e.g. The class closes at 9 p.m.
▪ Distributive use
e.g. I will clean my room before I go.
I will call you when I arrive.

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex will be a doctor (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. They will not be in the garden tomorrow (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Will she be very happy at the party (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. Tom will get up late tomorrow morning (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You will not go to cinema (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
2. Future Progressive
Study this example situation

Kevin loves football and this evening there will be a big football match on TV tomorrow.
The match begins at 07.30 and ends at 09.15. Paul wants to watch. Therefore, at 08.00
tomorrow he will be watching football match on TV.

o Pattern
S + Shall/Will + Be + Verb-ing
I will be waiting for you at this time tomorrow
She will not be watching TV at 8 am?
Will you be staying with me at 9 tonight?
What will you be doing at this time tomorrow?
o Usage
 Future progressive activity
The future progressive tense is used to talk about something that will be in
progress at a particular time/moment in the future.

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e.g. I will be sleeping at 8 o’clock tomorrow.

o Time signals ➔ at this time tomorrow, at seven tonight…etc
o Time chart

Past present future

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Amy will be reading a magazine at this time tomorrow (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)
2. They will not be playing in the garden at nine tomorrow (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Will she be going to the office tomorrow morning (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
4. Tom will be visiting his girlfriend at seven tonight (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You will not be studying at the library at this time next week (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)

UNIT 8
MUSLIM WOMEN

A. Read the text carefully!

Islam views a woman, whether single or married, as an individual in her own right, with
the right to own and dispose of her property and earnings. A marriage dowry is given by the groom
to the bridge for her own personal use, and she keeps her own family name rather than adopting her
husband’s.
Both men and women are expected to dress in a way which is modest and dignified. The
traditions of female dress found in some Muslim countries are often the expression of local customs.
Difficult Words:
View: memandang Bridge: mempelai perempuan
Whether: apakah Rather: agak

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Right: hak Dress: berpakaian

Dispose of: mengatur Modest: sederhana
Earning: penghasilan Dignified: mulia
Dowry: maskawin Customs: adat-istiadat
Groom: mempelai

B. True or False
1. The traditions of female dress in some Muslim countries reflect local customs.
2. A married woman adopts her husband’s name rather than keeping her own.
C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!
1. What rights do Muslim women have?
2. Are Muslim women regarded as individuals?
3. What does a Muslim women keep when she marries?
D. Structure
1. Future Perfect
Study this example situation

Kevin is a university student. He takes a one-year program at his university. He has been
studying there for seven months. He started studying in September. The program will finish
in July. Therefore, by August he will have finished his study.

o Patterns
S + Shall/Will + Have + Been
I will have been there by 10 o’clock
She will not have been at home by noon
Will you have been to London by this month?
How many times will you have been there by June?
S + Shall/Will + Have + Verb III
I will have graduated by June
She will not have finished writing her paper by this month.
Will you have built this building by the end of June?
How many times will you have visited her by this month?
o Usage
 Result of completed activity
The future perfect tense is used to show the result of completed activities by
a certain time in the future.
e.g. She will have graduated by the end of June.
o Time signals ➔ by…, by the end of…etc
o Time chart

past present future

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Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex will have been a bus driver for two years by July (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
2. They will not have been in the garden for two hours by eight (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Will she have been sick for two days by Wednesday (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
4. Tom will have visited his parents for five days by Monday (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You will not have done your work by tonight (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)

2. Future Perfect Progressive

Study this example situation
Kevin is in London now. He left by a train last January. He will stay in London until April.
So he will have been living in London for three months by the end of March.

o Pattern
S + Shall/Will + Have + Been + Verb-ing
I will have been studying English for two years by July.
She will not have been working here for a year by July
Will you have been sleeping for ten hours by 8 o’clock?
How long will you have been staying here by this month?
o Usage
 Duration of uncompleted activity
The future perfect progressive is used to show the duration of uncompleted
activities by a certain time in the future.
e.g. I will have been watching TV for six hours by 9 o’clock.
o Time chart

past present future

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Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms!

1. Alex will have been driving a car for five hours by ten. (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)

2. They will not have been sitting in the garden for two hours
by eight (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Where)
3. Will she have been living here for two days by Wednesday (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?-How long)
4. Tom will have been visiting his parents for five days by
Monday (+)
_________________________________________ (-)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-Why)
5. You will not have been doing your work for an hour by twelve (-)
_________________________________________ (+)
_________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_________________________________________ (?-What)

UNIT 9
HOW DO MUSLIMS TREAT THE ELDERLY?

A. Read the text carefully!

In the Islamic world there are no old people’s homes. The strain of caring for one’s parents
in this most difficult time of their lives is considered an honor and a blessing and an opportunity for
great spiritual growth. God asks that we not only pray for our parents, but act with limitless
compassion, remembering that when we were helpless children they preferred us to themselves.
Mothers are particularly honored; the prophet taught that ‘Paradise lies at the feet of mothers’. When
they reach old age, Muslim parents are treated mercifully with kindness and selflessness.
In Islam, serving one’s parent is duty second only to prayer, and it is their right to expect
it. It is considered despicable to express any irritation when though no fault of their own, the old
become difficult.
The Qur’an says: your Lord has commanded that you worship none but Him, and be kind
to parents. If either or both of them reach old age with you, do not say ‘uff’ to them or chide them, but

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speak to them in terms of honor and kindness. Treat them with humility and say, My Lord! Have
mercy on them, for they did care for me when I was little (17:23-24).
Difficult Words:
Treat: memperlakukan Preferred: lebih disukai
Strain: upaya, ketegangan Particularly: terutama
Care: mengasuh, merawat Lies: terletak, berada
Elderly: agak tua, tua Treat: memperlakukan
Consider: menganggap Mercifully: dengan murah hati
Honor: menghargai, menghormati Kindness: keramahtamahan
Blessing: berkat, karunia Selflessness: tidak mementingkan diri sendiri
Great: besar, mulia Serving: melayani
Limitless: tak terbatas Despicable: hina
Helpless: tak berdaya Irritation: kejengkelan

B. True or False
1. Caring for one’s parents is an obligation as important as prayer.
2. The prophet Muhammad said that “Paradise lies at the feet of mother’s and father’s”.
3. Muslim parents are not treated mercifully by their children.

C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!

1. Are there old people’s homes in Muslim countries?
2. How do children view caring for their parents in old age?
3. What does this provide them an opportunity for?
4. What does God ask us to do for our parents?
5. What will you do if your old parents are sick?

D. Structure
1. Direct Passive Voice
Passive voice consisting of one object
Patterns:
➢ Simple present tense
S + To Be I (is/am/are) + Verb III

e.g. Tom often reads this book

➔ This book is often read by Tom (+)
This book is not often read by Tom (-)
Is this book often read by Tom (?)
How often is this book read by Tom (?)
What is often read by Tom (?-Subject)

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➢ Present progressive tense

S + To Be I (is/am/are) + Being + Verb III

e.g. Tom is reading this book now.

➔ This book is being read by Tom (+)
This book is not being read by Tom (-)
Is this book being read by Tom (?)
Why is this book being read by Tom (?)
What is being read by Tom (?-Subject)
➢ Present perfect tense
S + Have/Has + Been + Verb III

e.g. Tom has just returned this book

➔ This book has just been returned by Tom (+)
This book has not been returned by Tom (-)
Has this book been returned by Tom (?)
How long has this book been returned by Tom (?)
What has been returned by Tom (?-Subject)
➢ Simple past tense
S + To Be II (was/were) + Verb III
ex. Shakespeare wrote the play
e.g. Shakespeare wrote the play.
➔ The play was written by Shakespeare (+)
The play was not written by Shakespeare (-)
Was the play written by Shakespeare (?)
When was the play written by Shakespeare (?)
What was written by Shakespeare (?-Subject)
➢ Past progressive tense
S + To Be II (was/were) + Being + Verb III
e.g. He was writing a letter when you came
➔ This letter was being written yesterday (+)
This letter was not being written yesterday (-)
Was this letter being written yesterday (?)
Where was this letter being written (?)
What was being written yesterday (?-Subject)
➢ Past perfect tense
S + Had + Been + Verb III

e.g. Jacky had scored the winning goal.

➔ The goal had been scored by Jacky (+)
The goal had not been scored by Jacky (-)
Had the goal been scored by Jacky (?)
How had the goal been scored by Jacky (?)
What had been scored by Jacky (?-Subject)
➢ Simple future tense
S + Shall/Will + Be + verb III

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e.g. Shirley will invite my friend to the party

➔ My friend will be invited by Shirley (+)
My friend will not be invited by Shirley (-)
Will my friend be invited by Shirley (?)
When will my friend be invited by Shirley (?)
Who will be invited by Shirley to the party (?-Subject)
➢ Future perfect tense
S + Shall/Will + Have + Been + Verb III

e.g. He will have made a new decision.

➔ The new decision will have been made by him (+)
The new decision will not have been made by him (-)
Will the new decision have been made by him (?)
How long will the new decision have been made by him (?)
What will have been made by him (?-Subject)
➢ Going to
S + To Be – Going to + Be + Verb III

e.g. She is going to explain the lesson.

➔ The lesson is going to be explained by her (+)
The lesson is not going to be explained by her (-)
Is the lesson going to be explained by her (?)
When is the lesson going to be explained by her (?)
What is going to be explained by her (?-Subject)
➢ Modals

S + Modals + Be + Verb III

e.g. She must obey the rules.
➔ The rules must be obeyed by her (+)
The rules must not be obeyed by her (-)
Must the rules be obeyed by her (?)
Why the rules must be obeyed by her (?)
What must be obeyed by her (?-Subject)

S + Modal Perfect (Have Been) + Verb III

e.g. Kim should have invited Jane to the party last night.
➔ Jane should have been invited to the party last night. (+)
Jane should not have been invited to the party last night. (-)
Should Jane have been invited to the party last night (?)
Why should Jane have been invited to the party last night (?)
Who should have been invited to the party last night (?-Subject)

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UNIT 10
AL-FATIHAH

A. Read the text carefully!

Al-Fatihah, “The Opening”, or Fatihatul Kitab, “The Opening of the scripture”, or Ummul-
Qur’an, “The Essence of the Koran”, as it is variously named, has been called the Lord’s Prayer of
the Muslim. It is an essential part of all Muslim worship, public and private, and no solemn contract
or transaction is complete without it. The date of its revelation is uncertain, but the fact that it has
always formed a part of Muslim worship (there being no record or remembrance of its introduction or
of public prayer without it) makes it clear that it was revealed before the fourth year of the prophet’s
mission (the tenth year before the Hijrah) for we know for certain that, by that time, regular
congregational prayers were offered by the small group of Muslim in Mecca. In the year, as result of
insult and attack by the idolaters, the prophet arranged for the services, which had previously been
held outdoors, to be held in his private house.
The Al-fatihah is often called Saba’an min Al-Mathani, “Seven of the Oft-repeated
(verses)” S.XV, 87.
THE OPENING
In the name of Allah the beneficent, the Merciful.

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1. Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds.

2. The Beneficent, the Merciful.
3. Owner of the Day of Judgment.
4. You (alone) we worship; You (alone) we ask for help.
5. Show us the straight path.
6. The path of those whom you have favored.
7. Not (the path) of those who earn you anger or who go astray.
(The meaning of the Glorious Koran by Mohammaed Marmaduke P., page 31).
Difficult Words:
The opening: pembukaan Regular: teratur, biasa
Scripture: kitab suci Congregational: jamaah
Essence: intisari Insult: hina
Variously: dengan berbagai macam Attack: mengeritik, menyerang
Public: public, jamaah Idolaters: penyembah berhala
Private: sendiri, pribadi Arrange: mengatur, menyusun, mengadakan
Solemn: khidmat Previously: yang lebuh dahulu
Contract: perjanjian Merciful: suka memaafkan, penyayang
Uncertain: tak pasti, tak tentu
Rememberance: ingatan
Reveal: mewahyukan, menyatakan

B. True or False
1. Al-fatihah is the essence of the Koran.
2. The date of its revelation is certain.
3. It was revealed after the fourth year of the Prophet’s mission.
4. This surah is also called Saba’an min al-Mathani.

C. Answer the following questions based on the text above!

1. What makes it clear that Al-Fatihah was revealed before the fourth year of the prophet’s
mission?
2. What are the other names of Al-Fatihah?
3. Can a Muslim perform a prayer without reciting Al-Fatihah?

D. Structure
1. Indirect Passive Voice
➢ Direct object
Direct object becomes the subject of passive voice.

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e.g. She gave a car to her sister

➔ A car was given to her sister.
➢ Indirect object
Indirect object becomes the subject of passive voice.
e.g. She gave her sister a car.
➔ Her sister was given a car.

The key notions

No passive verbs
Intransitive verbs do not have passive forms but some transitive verbs do not have either.
e.g. I sleep (intransitive). I have a nice car (transitive)
Static passive
To express an existing state.
e.g. I am lost. It is gone.
Get passive
Get sometimes can be used to make static passive.
e.g. They get married.
Adjective result verbs
Some adjectives (made from verbs/participle) refer to the result of an action.
e.g. My leg is broken. The door was closed.
Gerund passive
▪ Gerund made
Passive can be made/combined by Gerund.
e.g. I do not like being told what to do.
▪ Gerund meaning
Some verbs followed by gerund can have passive meaning.
e.g. The flowers need/require/want watering → to be watered.
Infinitive passive
▪ To infinitive
Passive can be preceded by to Infinitive.
e.g. He asked me to go to the party.
➔ I was asked to go to the party.
▪ Bare infinitive
Passive can be preceded by bare infinitive
e.g. They made him tell the truth
➔ He was made to tell the truth
Complement passive
▪ Subject complement
Passive can refer to the subject
e.g. Mike was elected president. She was called stupid by other students.
▪ Object complement
Passive can refer to the object.
e.g. We elected Mike president. Other students called her stupid.
Preparatory subject passive
Passive can be preceded by there (preparatory subject)
e.g. There are thought to be more than 3000 different languages in the world.

Exercises: Change the following sentences into the suitable forms of Passive Voice!
1. Millions of people in Europe speak English

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_______________________________________________ (+)
_______________________________________________ (-)
_______________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_______________________________________________ (?-Where)
_______________________________________________ (What-Subject)
2. Somebody is washing the dishes in the kitchen at the moment.
_______________________________________________ (+)
_______________________________________________ (-)
_______________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_______________________________________________ (?-When)
_______________________________________________ (What-Subject)
3. The police have caught the thief in a small village in London.
_______________________________________________ (+)
_______________________________________________ (-)
_______________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_______________________________________________ (?-Where)
_______________________________________________ (Who-Subject)
4. Tim built this house in 1980s.
_______________________________________________ (+)
_______________________________________________ (-)
_______________________________________________ (?Y/N)
_______________________________________________ (?-When)
_______________________________________________ (What-Subject)
REFERENCES

Arsyad, Azhar. 2003. Step by Step. Yokyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Azar, B.S., 1989. Understanding and Using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice Hall
Regents.

Kardimin. 2013. English for Islamic Studies. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Robith, A. Shomad & Asrori.1996. Memahami Tata Bahasa dan Penggunaan Kata Bahasa
Inggris. Surabaya: INDAH

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