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Chapter 6 Secondary Storage

This document discusses different types of secondary storage devices. It begins by introducing hardware categories, including input, output, processing, and storage parts. Storage parts are divided into primary and secondary devices. The document then focuses on three main types of secondary storage: magnetic, optical, and solid-state. Magnetic storage includes hard drives, floppy disks, and tape drives. Optical storage encompasses CDs, DVDs, and combo drives. Solid-state uses flash memory and smart cards to store data through physical switches. In summary, the document provides an overview of hardware components and examines various secondary storage device technologies in detail.

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Jama Mohamed Farah
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43 views29 pages

Chapter 6 Secondary Storage

This document discusses different types of secondary storage devices. It begins by introducing hardware categories, including input, output, processing, and storage parts. Storage parts are divided into primary and secondary devices. The document then focuses on three main types of secondary storage: magnetic, optical, and solid-state. Magnetic storage includes hard drives, floppy disks, and tape drives. Optical storage encompasses CDs, DVDs, and combo drives. Solid-state uses flash memory and smart cards to store data through physical switches. In summary, the document provides an overview of hardware components and examines various secondary storage device technologies in detail.

Uploaded by

Jama Mohamed Farah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1

Technology & Information Systems

PUNTLAND STATE UNIVERSITY


Faculty of Computer Science/IT
Eng: Adnan Mohamed
[email protected]

Class : 2021 Batch


Content: Secondary Storage
Period: 2 hr and 50 minutes
Date: March – 13 - 2021
Agenda of Today’s Lecture
 Introduction to Hardware
 Types of hardware devices
 Storage Devices
 Secondary Storage devices
 Magnetic Storage devices
 Optical Storage devices
 Megno-Optical Storage devices
Introduction to Hardware
 The tangible parts of the computer.
 The equipment like keyboard, mouse,
processor, monitor, printers, scanners etc. are
the examples of hardware.
 The computer hardware fall into four basic
categories, which are;
 Input parts
 Output parts
 Processing Parts
 Storage Parts
Introduction to Hardware
 Input parts
 Through which data is entered into the computer.
 Output parts
 Through which we can see our required output
 Processing Parts
 Which converts input into output
 Storage Parts
 Which stores data temporarily or permanently
Storage Parts
Storage Parts
 Two basic categories
 Secondary Storage devices (Permanent)
 Primary Storage devices (Temporary)
Secondary Storage Parts
 Three basic categories
 Magnetic Storage devices
◼ Use Magnetic Technology
 Optical Storage devices
◼ Use LASER Technology
 Solid-state Storage devices
◼ Use physical switches to store data
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Use Magnetic Technology
 Most common form of storage
 Hard drives, floppy drives, tape
 All magnetic drives work the same
Magnetic Storage Devices
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Data storage and retrieval
 Mediais covered with iron oxide
 Read/write head is a magnet

 Magnet writes charges on the media


◼ Positive
charge is a 1
◼ Negative charge is a 0

 Magnet reads charges


 Drive converts charges into binary
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Data organization
 Disksmust be formatted before use
 Format draws tracks on the disk

 Tracks is divided into sectors


◼ Amount of data a drive can read
Tracks and Sectors
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Finding data on disk
 Each track and sector is labeled
◼ Some are reserved
 Listing of where files are stored
◼ File
Allocation Table (FAT)
◼ FAT32
◼ NTFS

 Data is organized in clusters


◼ Size of data the OS handles
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Diskettes
 Also known as floppy disks
 Read with a disk drive

 Mylar disk

 Spin at 300 RPM

 Takes .2 second to find data

 3 ½ floppy disk holds 1.44 MB


Why the capacity of Floppy Disk is 1.4 MB?
Why the capacity of Floppy Disk is 1.4 MB?

 Tracks = 80
 Sectors = 18 Per Track
 Total Sectors = 80 * 18 = 1440 sectors one side
 Total Sectors = 1440 + 1440 = 2880 sectors one sides
 1 Sector = 512 bytes
 2880 sectors = 2880 * 512 = 1474560 bytes
 1474560 bytes = 1474560 / 1024 = 1440 KB
 1440 KB = 1440 / 1024 = 1.4 MB
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Hard disks
 Primary storage device in a computer
 2 or more aluminum platters

 Each platter has 2 sides

 Spin between 5,400 to 15,000 RPM

 Data found in 9.5 ms or less

 Drive capacity greater than 40 GB


Hard Disk
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Removable high capacity disks
 Speed of hard disk
 Portability of floppy disk

 Several variants have emerged

 High capacity floppy disk


◼ Stores up to 750 MB of data
 Hot swappable hard disks
◼ Provide GB of data
◼ Connect via USB
Magnetic Storage Devices
 Tape drives
 Best used for
◼ Infrequently accessed data
◼ Back-up solutions
 Slow sequential access
 Capacity exceeds 200 GB
Optical Storage Devices
 Use the laser beams
 Five Categories
 CD-ROM

 CD-Writer

 DVD-ROM

 DVD-Writer

 Combo Drive
CD-ROM
 Compact Disc Read Only Memory (CD-ROM)
 Media is CD (Compact Disc)
 Most software ships on a CD
 Read using a laser
 A 10 X will read 1,500 Kbps
 Standard CD holds 650 MB
CD-Writer
 Two Media
 CD-R
 CD-RW
 CD Recordable (CD-R)
 Create a data or audio CD
 Data cannot be changed
 Can continue adding until full
 CD Regrettable (CD-RW)
 Create a reusable CD
 Cannot be read in all CD players
 Can reuse about 100 times
DVD-ROM
 DVD-ROM
 DigitalVideo Disk
 Use both sides of the disk

 Capacities can reach 18 GB

 DVD players can read CDs


DVD-Writer
 Two Media
 DVD-R
 DVD-RW
 DVD Recordable
 Several different formats exist
 None are standardized
 Allows home users to create DVDs
 Cannot be read in all players
 DVD-RW
 Allow reusing of DVD media
 Not standardized
 Cannot be read in all players
Combo Drive
 Combination of CD-ROM, CD-Writer and DVD
ROM
 Media are CD, DVD, CD-R and CD-RW
Solid-state Storage Devices
 Use physical switches to store data
 Flashmemory
 Smart cards
Recap
 Introduction to Hardware
 Types of hardware devices
 Storage Devices
 Secondary Storage devices
 Magnetic Storage devices
 Optical Storage devices
 Megno-Optical Storage devices
Questions

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