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ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS II
PROBLEM SET NO. 1
DIRECTIONS: Solve for the unknown values for each problem, with complete solutions,
and draw the illustration if needed. Box and round your final answer only into four decimal
places. Use engineering lettering and ruler for straight lines. If you can type your solution,
you may do so. Show your solution after each question. Make sure your solution is readable
when you paste it.

1. Determine the amplitude, phase angle, period, and frequency of the sinusoid v(t) =
12cos(50t + 10°) V

Vm=12V
∅=10 °
2 π 2π
T = = =0.1257 s ,(ω=50 rad / s)
ω 50
1 1
f= =
T 0.1857

f =7.9577 Hz

2. An alternating voltage is given by v=75sin(200πt – 0.25) volts. Find the amplitude,

the peak-to-peak value, the rms value, the periodic time, the frequency and the phase
angle (in degrees and minutes) relative to 75sin200πt. Note that 0.25 is in radian form.

v =V m sin ( ωt ± ∅ ) v =75 sin ( 200 πt – 0.25 )

a . V m=75 V
b . V pp =2 x 75=150 V
c .rms=0.7071 x 75=53.0325V
d . ω=200 π rad / s
2π 2π 1
∴T= = = =0.01 s 0 r 10 ms
ω 200 π 100
1 1
e. f = = =100 Hz f . ∅=0.25radians lagging 75 sin 200 πt
T 0.01 s
180
(
0.25 rads 0.25 x
π )
=14.3235 °∨14.32 °=14 °

3. Express the following functions in cosine form:

(a) 4 sin(ωt - 30°)
(b) -10 sin(ωt +120°)
(c) -2 sin6t

Solution:
a .4 sin ( ωt−30° )

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¿ 4 cos ( ωt−30 °−90° )

¿ 4 cos ( ωt−120 ° )

b .−10 sin ( ωt +120 ° )

¿ 10 cos ( ωt +120 °+ 90 ° )
¿ 10 cos ( ωt +210 ° )

c .−2 sin ( 6 t )
¿ 2 cos ⁡(6 t+ 90° )

4. For the following pairs of sinusoids, determine which one leads and by how much.
(a) v(t) = 10 cos(4t-60°) and i(t) = 4 sin(4t + 50°)
(b) v1(t) = 4 cos(377t + 10°) and v2(t) = -20 cos377t
(c) x(t) = 13 cos2t + 5 sin2t and y(t) = 15 cos(2t – 11.8°)

Solution:
a . v ( t )=10 cos ( 4 t−60° )
i ( t )=4 sin ( 4 t+50 ° )=4 sin ( 4 t+90 °−40 ° )=4 cos ⁡( 4 t−40 ° )
∴ ileads v by 20 °

b . v 2=−20cos ( 377 t ) =−20 cos(377 t +180 °)

v 1=4 cos ⁡( 377 t +10 °)
∴ v 2 leads v 1 by 170°

c . x=13 cos (2 t )+ 5 sin (2 t )=Ccos( 20−θ)

C=√ 52+ 132=13.9284
5
θ=tan −1
13 ( )
=21.0375 °

x=13.9284 cos (2 t−21.0375°)

y=15 cos ( 2 t−11.8 ° )
∴ y leads x by 9.2375 °

5. Two alternating voltage are given by v 1 = 120 sinωt volts and v 2 = 200 sin(ωt – π/4)
volts. Obtain sinusoidal expressions for v1 + v2. (a) by plotting waveforms, and (b) by
vector.

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6. A coil of inductance 318.3 mH and negligible resistance is connected in series with a

200 ohms resistor to a 240 V, 50 Hz supply. Calculate (a) the inductive reactance of
the coil, (b) the impedance of the circuit, (c) the current in the circuit, (d) the potential
difference across each component, and (e) the circuit phase angle.

Solution:
a . X L=2 πfL=2 π ( 50 Hz ) ( 318.3 x 10−3 H ) X L=99.9969Ω

b . Z= √ R2 + X L 2 2
Z =√( 200 Ω ) + ( 100 Ω )
2
Z =223.6068Ω

V 240V
c .I= = I =1.0733 A
Z 223.6068 Ω

d .V L =I X L =( 1.0733 A )( 100 Ω ) V L =107.33 V

V R =IR=( 1.073 ) ( 200Ω ) V R =214.66 V

Check:
2
V L¿
¿
2
V R ¿ +¿
¿
√¿

XL 99.9969
e . ∅=tan −1 =tan −1
R 200

∅=26.56 43° lagging

7. If vs = 5cos2t V in the circuit shown below, find vo.

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8. A resistance of 20 ohms, inductance of 0.2 H and capacitance of 150 microfarad are

connected in series and are fed by a 230 V, 50 Hz supply. Find X L , X C , Z,
p . f and the active power.

a . X L=2 π fL
X L=2 π (50 Hz)(0.2 H)=62.83185307 Ω
X L=62.8319 Ω

1
b . X C=
2 πfC
1
X C= −6
2 π (50 Hz)( 150 x 10 F)
X C =21.22065908
X C =21.2207Ω

X
2 2 2 2
c. R +(¿ L−X C )
¿ Z =√ ( 20 ) + ( 62.83185307 Ω−21.22065908 )
Z= √ ¿
Z =46.16807842Ω
V 230
I= = =4.981797118
Z 46.16807842Ω2
2

Z =R + j X L− j X C

Z =46.1681 ⦟ 64.3292°

d . p . f .=cos ( 64.3292° ¿
p . f .=0.4332 lagging

e . VIcos ∅=230( 4.981797668)( 0.4322)

VIcos ∅=496.3663 W

9. A circuit consisting of a resistor in series with a capacitor takes 100 watts at a power
factor of 0.5 form a 100 V, 60 Hz supply. Find the current flowing, the phase angle,
the resistance, the impedance and the capacitance.

100
a . 0.5= =2 A
100 ( I )

b . ∅=cos−1 0.5

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¿ 60 ° leading

c . P=I 2 R
P 100
R= 2 = 2 =25 Ω
I 2

V 100
d . Z= = =50 Ω
I 2

1
e . XC =
2 πfC

X C (2 πfC ) 1
=
2 πf 2 πf

1
C=
X C 2 πf

2 2
X C = √ Z 2−R2 X C = √ ( 50 ) −( 25 ) X C =43.30127019

1
C=
(43.30127019)(2 π )(60 Hz)

C=61.2588 μF

10. A 25 ohms resistor connected in series with a coil of 50 ohms resistance and 150 mH
inductance. What is the power factor of the circuit?

p . f =cos ∅
2 2 2 2
Z =√ R + X L Z =√ ( 75 Ω ) + ( 56.54866775 Ω ) Z =93.92550456 Ω

X L=2 πfL=2 π ( 60 Hz ) ( 150 x 10−3 H ) X L=56.54866775 Ω

R 75 Ω
∴ cos ∅= = =0.7985 lagging
2 93.92550456 Ω

p . f =cos ∅=cos ( 0.7985 )

p . f =1

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11. The voltage of a source is e = 220 sin (wt + 30 0) while its three loads take currents
given by their equations: ia = 3.2 sin(wt + 300); ib = 2.8 sin(wt – 600); ic = 4.7 sin wt.
What is the total power components supplied by the source?

12. An inductor L1 is connected in series with a parallel combination of inductor L 2 and

capacitor C. The impedance of the circuit w = 400 rad/sec is j100 ohms. The circuit is
to yield infinite impedance at w = 1000 rad/sec and zero impedance at w = 2,000
rad/sec. Determine the value of C.

13. A 1-hp, 220 V, 60 Hz capacitor-start motor has main and auxiliary winding impedance
at starting of 3.5 + j2.5 ohms and 8.6 + j2.5 ohms, respectively. Determine the value
of the starting capacitance that will place the main and auxiliary winding currents 90 0
apart at starting.

14. What value of resistance should be placed in parallel with a 50 micro-farad capacitor
in order to have a total power factor of 0.8 on a 60-cycle AC system?

15. The impedance coil absorbs 250 watts when connected across 220 V, 60 Hz mains. It
is then connected across 110 V, 25 Hz mains and also absorbs 250 watts. What is the
inductance of the coil?

16. A single phase inductive load takes 50 kVA at 0.60 power factor lagging. Solve for the
kVAR of a capacitor required to improve the power factor to 1.0

50 kVA @0.60 p . f
kVAR=?
p . f 0.1

cos ∅=0.6
∅=cos−1 0.6
∅=53.13010235

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Q=?
Q=50 kVA sin ( 53.13012039 )
Q=40 kVAR

17. A factory draws a lagging load of 2000 kW at a power factor of 60% from a 6 kV bus
line. A synchronous capacitor losses are 275 kW, calculate the operating power factor
of the synchronous capacitor.
−1
θ L=cos 0.60=53.13 °
P 2000
S L= L = =3333.3333 kVA
Pf L 0.6
Pt =P L + P syn=2000+275=2275 kW
S syn= √3333.33332 +22752=2 ( 3333.3333+2275 ) cos 53.13 °
S syn=2680.81kVA
P 2275 kW
Pt = syn = =0.1026 leading
S syn 2680.81 kVA

18. An alternator rated 530-kVA, is operating at 0.60 pf lagging. A synchronous

condenser is parallel to improve the pf to 90% lagging. Determine the operating
power factor of the synchronous condenser. Assume the alternator is not supposed to
be overloaded.

θ L=cos−1 0.60=53.13 °
−1
θ L=cos 0.90=25.84 °
θ L=53.13−25.84 °=27.29 °
θ+2=180
53.13+2=180
¿ 63.435
θsyn =64.436 °
Pf syn=cos 64.436 °
¿ 0.447 leading

19. The metering of a power customer was read and gave the following data: kW-hr =
200,000: kVAR-hr = 180,000: Maximum demand = 380 kW; Billing days = 30. What
is the average power factor of the customer?

73%

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20. A coil of 50-ohm resistance and of 150 mH inductance is connected in parallel with a
50 micro-farad capacitor. The source voltage is 100 sin(377t + 30 0). What is the
equation of the line current?

X L=ωL=377 ( 150 ° )=56.55

1 1
X C= = =53.05039788
ωC 377(50 x 10−6)

X
2 2 2 2
R +(¿ ¿ L−X C ) Z =√ ( 50 ) + ( 56.55−53.05039788 )
Z= √ ¿
Z =50.12232252Ω
Z =50.1223Ω

V 100 ⦟−30 °
I m= =
Z 50.1223 ⦟ 4.0037 °
= 1.9951 ⦟−34.0037 °

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