DRRR – Grade 11/12

Student Name Grade & Section

____________________________ _____________________________
Teacher Date Submitted
____________________________ _____________________________

I. Introductory Concept

Hazard comes in many forms and changes as technology improve and human
demand increases, affecting human lives, environment and society. It could be
naturally occurring or man-made. Hazard may be natural, anthropogenic or socio-
natural in origin (UNISDR, 2016). The impact of hazards can be measured through
analysis of the interaction between the hazard and receptor.
Hazard is any event or activity that will affect the safety and normal operations
of human beings regardless of the scale or size of the source, number of persons
affected, and place where it will strike. Potential hazard changes from place to place
and is affected by the living conditions of the population living in a certain area. As
technology improves, the misuse of technology also leads to another hazard to life
and property.

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY

• Define and cite examples of the types of hazards

• Explain the impact of various hazards on people and the environment
(DRR11/12-Ie-16)

III. Activities
Activity 1.1 Natural Movement
Directions: Unscramble the words that are related to Natural Hazards. Use the clues
provided.

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Activity 1.2 Human Nature
Directions: The following items are examples of technological hazards. List down the
details asked in each item and do an assessment in your locality.

Identify
Describe the Locations that Damages that locations in
event are vulnerable may occur your locality
that are
vulnerable

Dynamite
Fishing

Mining
Logging

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Activity 1.3 Draw Me a Scene
WHAT TO DO:
1. Draw a map of your neighborhood, your village or your purok. Include the places where
you spend most of your time. (You may use your home as a reference for this
activity.)
2. Include natural landmarks, such as s e a s , rivers and canals, mountains and steep
hills, or coastlines, as well as major infrastructure (roads, bridges, tunnels), and important
public buildings (fire stations, hospitals, police stations, electrical plants, if any.) You should
also include potentially hazardous buildings, if any.
3. Find out which hazards your community is facing by marking them with this symbol

BASIC CONCEPT OF HAZARD

Hazard is a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or
environmental degradation. It may be natural, anthropogenic or manmade in origin
(UNISDR, 2016). HAZARD is a situation that poses certain level of threat.
Natural Hazards are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by
rapid or slow onset events which can be:
1. Geophysical/geological (earthquakes, landslides, tsunamis, and volcanic
activity)
2. hydrological (avalanches, floods)
3. climatological (extreme temperature, drought and wildfires)
4. meteorological (cyclones and storms/wave surges)
5. biological (disease, epidemics and insects/animal plagues)
Technological or manmade hazards are events that are caused by humans and
occur in or close to human settlements. This can include environmental degradation,
pollution and accidents such as:
1. complex emergencies/armed conflicts
2. famine
3. displaced populations
4. industrial accidents
5. transport accidents
6. mining/logging/kaingin system

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IMPACT OF HAZARD

Impact of hazards is measured through analysis of the interaction between the

hazard and the receptors. Receptors are the people, properties, infrastructure or
environment that may be harmed as a result of interaction of hazard.
A hazard is a threat. A future source of danger. It has the potential to cause harm to:
o People - death, injury, disease and stress
o Human activity – economic, educational etc.
o Property - property damage, economic loss of
o Environment – loss fauna and flora, pollution, less amenities.

The elements of society are considered at risk when they are exposed to certain
hazards and there is a probability that they will be badly affected by the impact of
hazards when they happen. (Kotze and Gesit, 2006)
Certain elements at risk exposed to hazards are the following:
1. Physical Elements
This include facilities and services and community structures such as houses,
access roads, bridges, schools and hospitals.
Hazards may cause loss of vital infrastructures and facilities, widespread loss
of housing, loss of electrical, breaking of of power stations and communication lines,
and disruptions of key transport infrastructure such as access roads, bridges and
ports.

A coastal village ruined by a storm surge. Reuters. Retrieved from

https://typhooninfoblog.wordpress.com

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 The aftermath of Typhoon Tisoy. Toppled electric post and a toppled truck
in Guinobatan, Albay, on December, 2019. Ongjoco, Ann Gemma (December
2019).Typhoon Tisoy leaves trail of destruction across Bicol. Retrieved from
https://www.rappler.com/move-ph/246310-photos-typhoon-tisoy-trail-destruction-bicol

2. Social Elements
This pertain to the people, which includes their lives and health, households
and the community.
In the occurrence of hazardous events, one may experience grief and
psychological trauma. Stress is also inevitable. Depression may also arise due to loss
of loved ones and properties. Health issues will also be affected in the presence of
biological hazards that may pose a threat to the health of the people.

Retrieved from https://cadisinterantional.org/it/news/depression-after-natural-disaster-lets-talk

This may also include danger from hazardous chemicals or the occurrence of
epidemic or pandemic in the area.

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 Displacement of population may also occur as people migrate to safe
environment or places. Loss of cultural identity may happen as people are forced to
adapt to a new culture.
In some aspects, loss of job increases due to displacement.

A mother and a child in an evacuation center, one of the many displaced families
after Marawi siege. Retrieved from https://www.icrc.org/en/document/philippines-increased-
health-risks-feared-among-people-displaced-marawi-fighting

3. Economic Elements

This involve livelihood and economic activities which includes jobs, equipment,
production, crops, livestock, agriculture, sales, etc.
The impacts of hazard include decrease in harvest. This may be due to the
erosion of the top soil which may be wiped away by floods, drought and other natural
phenomena. Loss of fishing vessels and equipment could also happen.

Barren Farmland in North Cotabato dry up as high temperature continues to prevail.

Genotiva, Mara S.(March,2019) Months of Dry Spell Ruin Farmlands in North Cotabato Town.
Retrieved from http://davaotoday.com/main/economy/agriculture/months-of-dry-spell-ruin-farmland-
northcotabato

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4. Environment Elements

These elements give emphasis to the natural environment itself. Hazards may cause
a lot of harm to the environment such as loss of forest, contamination of water sources, loss
of freshwater biomes, pollution, environmental degradation and global warming. One of the
most common hazards that has a large impact in the environment nowadays is the mining
activities that cause major environmental degradation.

Ruined river after mining activity. Traywick, C. (2012).Miners turn CDO’s Iponan
River delta into a wasteland.Retrieved from
https://www.mindanews.com/environment/2012/10/miners-turns-cdos-iponan-river-delta-
wasteland

ASSESSMENT
I. Multiple Choice

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item. Write the letter of your
choice on the answer sheet.

1. Natural phenomena that pose a threat or cause negative impact to people and
properties are called _________.
a. Natural hazards
b. Human-made hazards
c. Combination or socio-natural hazards
d. None of the above
2. A/An _________ is a natural hazard that can also cause flash floods.
a. typhoon c. earthquake
b. tsunami d. volcanic eruption
3. Which of the following is a human-made hazard?
a. fish kills c. drought
b. flood d. tsunami
4. The elements of society are considered at risk when they are exposed to
hazards. One of these includes physical elements EXCEPT:
a. facilities c. community structure
b. livelihood d. houses

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 5. Economy is one element that is also exposed to hazard. Which of the following
is an economic effect of hazardous event?
a. loss of life
b. psychological disturbance
c. destruction of the environment
d. business interruptions due to accessibility problems

II. Modified True or False

Directions: Draw a Circle around the number if the statement is True; if False, underline
the wrong word or phrase and replace it with the correct word or phrase to make the
statement True.
6. One impact of a hazard is the medical effect which includes traumatic injuries,
emotional stress and epidemic diseases.
7. Highly industrialized countries are prone to hazards and disasters than a developing
country.
8. Essential facilities are one of the physical elements exposed to various hazard. An
example of essential facility is the medical and healthcare facilities.
9. Earthquakes are biological hazards.
10. Hazard is any event that can disrupt normal life.
11. Hazards are caused by nature only.
12. If an event disrupts the production of businesses, it is not considered hazard to human.
13. Human error in manipulating machines leading to death is a technological hazard.
14. El Nino and La Nina are climatological hazards
15. Illegal logging is a form of technological hazard.

III. Picture Analysis

Directions: Analyze the picture below. What are the impacts to the different elements at risk if
a super typhoon hit this community? Categorize and write your answers on the box provided.
Give at least one answer in each category.

Photo by: Rudilyn D Morales

Element at risk Effect or impact on element How to lessen or mitigate

at risk the effect
Physical
Social
Economic
Environment
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IV. Answer Key
Activity 1.1 Natural Movement
1. Drought 6. Cyclone
2. Flood 7. Tornado
3. Thunderstorm 8. Earthquake
4. Heat Wave 9. Typhoon
5. El Niña 10. Eruption
Activity 1.2 Human Nature
(Answers may vary)
Activity 1.3 Draw me a Scene
(Answers may vary)
Assessment
I. Multiple Choice
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. D
II. Modified True or False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. Biological hazard Geological hazard
10. True
11. Nature only Nature and technological/man made
12. Not considered considered
13. True
14. True
15. True
III. Picture Analysis
(answers may vary)

V. Reflection
Share your insights by completing this activity:
Choose one example of hazards (i.e., flooding, environmental degradation,
pandemic disease or biological threat, etc.) and write a short essay regarding
the issue. Explain your standpoint and your analysis, who will be affected and
how will it affect them. And lastly, will it be preventable or not. Explain how it
will be prevented.

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References
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. (n.d.). Types of
disasters: Definition of hazard. http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-
management/about-disasters/definition-of-hazard/
Kiraz, A. (n.d.) "Brown House on the Cliff." Digital image. Pexels.
https://www.pexels.com/photo/brown-house-on-cliff-3070671/.
Kwak, N. (2015). Manila’s danger areas. Places Journal. February 2015.
https://doi.org/10.22269/150223
Lanada, S., Melegrito, ML., & Mendoza, D. (2016). The concept of vulnerability.
Building Resilient Communities, (p17-24). Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc.
Rimando, R. (2016). Various elements that may be exposed to hazards:
environmental, social and economic. Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction,
(p16-19). Quezon City: Rex Bookstore, Inc
Sjostrom, O. (n.d.) "Bird Eye Photogrpahy of Beachline Beside Trees." Digital image.
Pexels. https://www.pexels.com/photo/bird-eye-photogrpahy-of-beachline-
beside-trees-1078983/.
UNISDR. (2009). United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction. http://www.unisdr.org/eng/library/lib-
terminology-eng.htm

SDO Catanduanes Development Team

Writers
RUDILYN D. MORALES, Cabugao Integrated School
JORGE VICTOR M. SALES, Catanduanes National High School

Layout Artist
RUDILYN D. MORALES, Cabugao Integrated School
MONALIZA V. MARQUEZ, Catanduanes National High School

Language Editors
IMEE S. GABION, Catanduanes National High School
HAZEL T. VARGAS, Catanduanes National High School

Content Editors
JOSE ROY S. AGUILAR, Catanduanes National High School
MARIA CLAUDETTE C. BORREGA, Catanduanes National High School

Consultant
JEZRAHEL T. OMADTO, Education Program Supervisor

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