Unit VI

Laplace Transforms

Definition:- If f(t) is a real valued function for all , then the laplace transform of f(t),
denoted by L{f(t)} and is defined as

* ( )+ ∫ () ( )

Where ‘s’ is parameter, real or complex.

Note: * () ( )+ * ( )+ * ( )+ where ‘a’ and ‘b’ are constants.

Laplace transform of standard functions:-

1. Prove that, * + , where ‘a’ is constant.

Proof: By definition * ( )+ ∫ ()

* + ∫

0 1

, -

, -

* +

If a=1, then * +
2. Prove that * + ( )

* + ( )
Proof: By definition ∫ ∫
( )
0 1
( ) ( ) ( )

3. Prove that * +

Proof: * + * +

,* + * +-

, -

( ) ( )
, ( )(
-
)

* +

4. Prove that * +

Proof: * + * +

,* + * +-

, -

( ) ( )
, ( )(
-
)

* +
5. Prove that * +

Proof: By definition * + ∫

* +
0 1
( )

, * +-

, ( )-

* +

6. Prove that * +

Proof: By definition * + ∫

* +
0 1
( )

, * +-

, ( )-

* +

7. Prove that * +

Proof: By definition * + ∫
 0 1 ∫ ( )

( ) ∫

* + * +

* + * +

* + * +

* + * +

* + * +

* + * +

* +

* + where n is a positive integer

8. Prove that * + ( ) , where ‘n’ is constant

Proof: By definition * + ∫

put st=x , s dt= dx, dt=dx/s

when t=0, x=0 and when t=∞, x=∞

therefore L{ + ∫ ( )

* + ∫
 * + ( )

Definition: ( ) ∫ replacing n by n+1

( ) ∫

Examples:

1. Find L{f(t)} where f(t)={

Solution: By definition,

L{f(t)} = ∫ ( )

= ∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

=∫ ∫ ( )

( ) ( )
=∫

( )
=0 1

2. Find the Laplace transform of f(t) = 2

Solution : By definition,
L{f(t)} = ∫ ( )

=∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

=∫ ∫

=0 . / 1 + 50 1
( )

= - {4 -0}- { -1}- {0- }

=- - { -1}+
 = - { -1}

3. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)=2

Solution: By definition,
L{f(t)} =∫ ( ) ∫ ( )

=∫ ∫ ( )
* +
=0 1
( )

* ( ) ( )+ * ( ) ( )+
=

=
* +
=

4. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)={

Solution: L{f(t)} =

5. Find the Laplace transform of f(t)= 2

First shifting property: If L{f(t)} = f(s) then, L{ f(t)} = f(s-a)

Proof: By definition,
L{ f(t)} = ∫ ( )
( ) ( )
=∫
= f(s-a)
Standard results:

1. L{ }= because, L{ }=
( )

2. L{ }= because, L{ }=
( )

3. L{ }= because, L{ }=
( )

4. L{ }= because, L{ }=
( )

5. L{ }= because, L{ }=
( )

Examples:

1. Find L{ }

We know that, * ( ) ( )+

Therefore L{ }= * ( ) ( )+

= 2 3

2. Find L{ t}

We know that, = (put =2t)

* t} = L{ }

= [L{1}+L{ }]

= { + }
3. Find L{ t}

We know that sin3 = 3sin - 4 or (put )

L{ t} = L{ }

= {sin2t} - {sin6t}

= { }- { }

4. Find L{ t cos2t cos3t}

We know that cosA cosB = * ( ) ( )+ (put )

L{ t cos2t cos3t} = 2 ( ) 3

= * +

= 2( ) ( )3

= * +

= 2 3

5. Find L{ +4 -2sin3t +3cos3t}

L{ +4 -2sin3t +3cos3t} = +4( ) -2( ) +3( )

6. Find L{ ( ) }
L{ ( ) } = L{ +
= L{ 1-sin2t}

= -
7. Find L{sin2t cos3t}

We know that, cosA sinB = {sin(A+B)-sin(A-B)}

L{sin2t cos3t} = L{sin5t-sint}

= { - }

8. Find L{ }

We know that cos3 = 4 - 3cos (put )

L{ } = L{ }

= * }

9. Find L{ sin5t cos2t }

10. L { }

11. L {( ) + }

12. L { }

13. Find L{ ( )}

14. Find L{ }

L{ } = L{ ( )+

= L{

= 2 3
15. Find L{ ( )}
L{ ( )} = 2L { + { sin5t}

=2{ }-3{ }
( ) ( )

=
( )

16. Find L{ }

L{ } = L{ ( } because, =

= L{ }

= L{ }
( )

17. Find L{ }

We know that, sinA cosB = {sin(A+B)+sin(A-B)}

L{ }= L{ ( )}

= L{ )}

= * + }
( ) ( )

18. Find L{ }

L{ } = * }
( )

19. L{ }

20. L{sinhat sinat}

Properties of Laplace transforms:

Property 1: If L{f(t)}= f(s) then L{ ( )+ ( ) , ( )-

Proof: By definition

( ) ∫ ( )

Differentiating both sides with respect to s

,f(s)] = ∫ f(t) dt

According to Leibnitz rule for differentiation under integral sign

,f(s)] = ∫ f(t) dt

,f(s)] = ∫ ( ) f(t) dt

,f(s)] = -∫ f(t) dt

(-1) ,f(s)] = L{t f(t)}

Similarly

( ) , ( )- * ( )+

( ) , ( )- * ( )+

( ) , ( )- * ( )+
 ( )
Property 2: If * ( )+ ( ) then prove that 2 3 ∫ ( )

Proof: By definition

( ) ∫ ()

Integrating both sides between s to with respect to s

∫ ( ) ∫ ∫ ()

∫ ∫ () [changing the order of integration]

∫ 0 1 ( )

∫ , - ( )

( )
∫

( )
∫ ( ) * +

Examples:

(1) Find * +

We know that * +

* + ( ) , -

( ) ( )
, -
( ) ( )
(2) Find * +

We know that * +

* + ( ) , -

( ) ( )
, -
( ) ( )

(3) Find L{t2 sin at}

We know that * +

Therefore * + ( ) , -

, -
( )

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )

( ), -
( )

( )
( ) ( )

(4) Find * +

* + * ( )+

, * +-
 , -
( ) ( )

, -
( ) ( )

5. Find * +

We know that * +
( )

Therefore * + ( ) , -
( )

, -

( )
( )

6. Find * +

* + * ( )+

* +

,( ) ( )
-

7. Find * +

We know that * +

Therefore 2 3 ∫ , -

, ( )-
 0 1 [ ]

( )

( )

8. Find * +

We know that * +

Therefore 2 3 ∫

0 1

9. Find * +

We know that * +

2 3 ∫ , -

, ( )-

, -

10. Find * +

* +

L{ + ∫ 0 1

, ( ) ( )-
 , -

11. Find * +

We know that * +
( )

{ }
∫ , ( )-
( )

( ) ( )

12. Find * +

13. Find * +

14. Show that ∫ , -

∫ , -

( ) , -

( )( )
( )

( )

Put s=2

∫ , -
( )

15. P.T. ∫ * +

We have, ∫ () * ( )+

∫ * +
 ( )
( ) , - , -
( )

( )

Put s=3,

∫ ( )

16. Evaluate ∫ using Laplace transform

We have,

∫ () * ( )+

∫ ( ) * +

∫ 0 1

, ( ) ( )-

, - , -

Put s=0

∫ ( )
 ( )
Property 3: If * ( )+ ( ) then ,∫ () -

Proof: Let ( ) ∫ () and hence ( ) ( ) and ( )

* ( )+ ∫ ()

{ ( ) } ∫ ()

( ) ∫ ()

( )
* ( )+

17. Find *∫ +

Let ( )

* ( )+ * +

( ) , -

( )
, -
( )

( )

( )
,∫ ( ) -

[∫ ]
( )
18. Find *∫ +

Let ( )

* ( )+ * +

∫ ( )

, ( )-

( )

* ( )+ . / ( )

( )
L[∫ () -

0∫ 1 . /