2017 International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)

IoT-Driven Road Safety System

Dasari Vishal, H Saliq Afaque, Harsh Bhardawaj, T K Ramesh
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
Amrita University
Bengaluru,India
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract- Roads are integral part of human civilization. They width necessary for traditional road safety systems and requires
are the nervous system of any country; hence these are being laid little or no maintenance once deployed.
on hill sides and narrow ridges which is a major hazard to human
life. As roads play a crucial role in our daily routine these can be In section III, we have proposed a new methodology which
modelled in a smart manner to serve us with enhanced capabilities. deals with the antennas and internet platform with an ability to
The architecture of IoT is comprised of an ability to make things have an automated system, thus decreases the manual assist and
more coherent and effective. This paper synchronizes the concept complexity. The fourth section deals with emergency vehicle
of IoT with roads to make them smart. The paper talks about using
system which helps the traffic system to avoid congestion and
the IoT technologies, with the onset of smart cities, to reduce the
synchronize with the cloud platform via internet to narrow down
risk of run off road collisions. As every vehicle is IoT enabled and
connected to the internet, we have an effective technique to guide the probability of delay and guide the way out. The paper
emergency service vehicles through the road within least time. This concludes with an effective methodology to serve the mankind
IoT system is a combination of simple cost-effective antenna with enhanced technology.
technology and internet platforms which works with complete
automation. These abilities will make the system to serve us with II. RELATED WORK AND STUDY
better accuracy and delicacy.
Indian population is exponentially increasing every day. As
Keywords—Internet of things; emergency service vehicles; every person wishes to own a vehicle this leads to congestion.
antenna technology As per the calculation India has a population of 1.3 billion,
which stands in second position through the world. This narrow
I. INTRODUCTION
down to have more than 2 billion vehicles, hence this is an
Technology has brought fine changes into every portion of alarming factor. Around 1.25 million people were killed, and
our life by making it smart and reliable. There are many more than 20 million are injured in road accidents on an average
situations in which technologies can be used to avoid accidents in a year [6]. The transportation industry is associated with high
in roads which opens a wide window for the requirement of maintenance costs, disasters, accidents, injuries and loss of life.
Smart Road System. With the dynamic changes in the models of The related costs — including medical expenses, wage and
the vehicles the roads need to have same ability to face them. productivity losses and property damage — were estimated to
Today’s roads have become stagnant paths which have no be more than a crore. And this doesn’t account for general
ability for assistance. Evolving towards the future, the roads maintenance and repairs costs of the road and highway systems,
needs to build with advanced sensors and antenna systems to which earmark billions of dollars of public funds every year —
have a pace with the new era. The design involves the road side and are still underfunded.
units as part of intelligent transport system involving Internet of
things(IOT). We have introduced an antenna system which is
synchronized with the internet and guides the driver as he
approaches towards the edges of the road system.

In section II, we have analysed the reasons behind the

congested accidents and traffic system. We can see that due to
increased population the quantity of number of vehicles is
exponentially increasing. As per the survey we can conclude
that, the major restriction for any road safety measures in India
is road width. We have come up with a road safety system that
is technology advanced and does not require the extra road Figure 1. Indian Motor Industry Sales

978-1-5386-2361-9/17/$31.00 ©2017 IEEE

 Urban transport facilities in most of the Indian cities are Systems were designed to eradicate this congestion with
inadequate and deteriorating over the years. The development of various technologies. A wireless technology was modelled
public transport system has not kept pace with the traffic which included a microcontroller, XBEE and an IR sensor. It
demand both in terms of quantity and quality. As a result, the provided a simpler path for emergency vehicle, as the IR sensor
use of the undesirable modes such as personalized transport is was used to decide the traffic light density. The system was
growing at a rapid speed. architecture only for automatic mode of operation [1]. To have a
smooth flow in traffic another system was designed which gave
Roads have led to increase of death rates due to bus falls. As different priority numbers to vehicles and roads with different
per study the Amarnath bus yatra has caused more than 5000 vehicle density. The main priority was given to ambulance and
deaths every year. The reason behind the accidents are the fire trucks [2]. Paper [3] discusses about a system which gives a
narrow roads which misguide the wheels and driver. As the IoT signal to all directions having emergency vehicles, though this
technology has made the life of humans simpler and easier by may increase the congestion.
making things interoperable[5], it can be made use to save the
valuable human life. Existing Description Disadvantage
systems

Vision based The driver alert The major

driver alert system focuses on the disadvantage in this
system [8] closure of eyes of the technique is that the
driver and if the driver face recognition
is shutting his eyes it should be precise
recognizes it and and should be able
alerts the driver to to differentiate
avoid the accidents. between a normal
blink and enclosure
of eyes due to
drowsiness. But the
failure in this
technique will result
in heavy loss of life.
Figure 2. Number of road accidents and deaths
Blind Spot The main concept Radiation loss in
information [9] behind this is to avoid micro strip antenna
the collision of is noticeable.
vehicles by making
use of micro strip
array antenna.

Integration of The idea behind it is This type of system

auto steering automatic steering of is more prone to
[10] vehicle during accidents as the
emergency sensors must detect
the nearby traffic
and must keep on
updating thus any
failure in the
environmental
Figure 3. Accidents due to narrow path
sensors can cause
loss of life.

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 III. SMART ANTENNA SYSTEM is shielded on two sides (A and B) to absorb the radiation in
undesired directions, that is towards the centre of the road. This
Radiation pattern of dipole antenna is similar to that of ensures that the antenna radiates only in the designated danger
doublet and as we increase the length of the doublet to ½ zone.
wavelength it will have the effect of flattening out the radiation
pattern. These radiation pattern in the horizontal plane of a The dipole antenna broadcasts specific set of codes, collision
dipole is a larger circle than that of the doublet. The vertical- avoidance codes, which are assigned uniquely to every vehicle
radiation pattern lobes are no longer circular. They are flattened on that specific section of road. The codes are broadcasted in a
out and the radiation intensity is greater. time division multiplexed manner which will enable the network
to accommodate large number of vehicles on the road.

The collision avoidance codes are generated at random by a

server present at a control station. The codes are divided into
blocks and assigned at random to different sections of the road,
the code blocks are of variable numbers to accommodate surge
in number of vehicles in a specific section of the road. The
vehicle's smart systems are connected to the collision avoidance
code generation server through internet, and the location of
vehicle is sent via internet. Based on the location the server
assigns a code to the vehicle by considering the road section it is
in and the available codes for that section of the road. This
ensures that each vehicle receives a unique code in that section.
The sectioning of a road facilitates for same codes to be reused
in a different section of the road. Each vehicle on a given
Figure 4. Horizontal and vertical radiation pattern of Dipole antenna section of the road is assigned a code at random from the block
of codes assigned to it, all this process is done by servers. These
set of codes are reassigned periodically, say every 10 mins, this
ensures that the generated codes cannot be misused by anyone.
The road is divided into sections of about 5 kilometres, with
each section of the road being embedded with multiple antennas
on the edges of the road designated as danger zone, as shown in
the figure 5.

Code Generation Server Base Station

Vehicle
Dipole Antenna
Road Management Unit

Section Control Unit

Figure 5. Designated danger zone Figure 6. Flow chart of smart antenna system

The antenna of choice is a dipole antenna, which radiates With the concept of smart cities, G5 cellular networks and
along its length and 360 degrees about its axis. Here the antenna Internet of Things (IoT) all the vehicles on road are connected to

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the internet and are embedded with smart sensors and software. hazard. Various technologies have been implemented using
In near future all vehicles will be smart and IoT enabled, will radio frequency which has precise object localization accuracy,
receive their unique collision avoidance codes over the internet and is quite compatible with wide applications [7].
that is generated at random as described previously and this
assigned code is also forwarded to the road sectional control unit
which transmits the assigned codes to the antenna under its
control for broadcasting.

Figure 8. Traffic control module

The proposed model is set up with the help of Raspberry Pi

Figure 7. Receiver sensor position module. It includes a RFID (radio frequency identification)
technology which are connected to Raspberry Pi. This creates
The receiving sensors are placed at the front and back automated system that connects the ambulance and the traffic
corners of the vehicle in order obtain the best results. The signal station using cloud network. Radio-frequency
received signals are sent to the collision avoidance control unit identification uses electromagnetic fields to automatically
(CACU). The CACU demodulates the broadcasted signal, identify and track tags attached to objects. The concept behind
digitized into a digital signal and correlates with the code the proposed system is, if the Ambulance stops on the road due
assigned to that vehicle which is received from the base station to a traffic signal, RFID installed at the traffic signal identifies
via the internet. If there is a match, implying that the vehicle is the RFID tagged ambulance and keeps a track on it to send the
in the danger zone, the control unit sends a signal to the speed data to the cloud. After the acknowledgment is received, the
limiter to slow the vehicle down and the speakers of the vehicle signal is made Green for some time and after the ambulance
to alert the driver. The speed controller brings the vehicle to a passes by, it regains its original functioning. In this way the
speed of 5 mph in a controlled manner, based on the speed of system can be automated to save life. The system can be
the vehicle and the breaking ability of the vehicle to ensure that integrated with multiple modules of this device at various
the vehicle does not skid off the road. Slowing the vehicle down locations [4]. Hence this enables the cloud to collect the data
provides the driver with enough time to react to the situation and from multiple positions and send it to main transport system. It
if at all he fails to react the reduced speed makes sure that the can be enables with the automates or manual system. The
collision is not fatal. automated system works on a set of algorithms which helps the
traffic control system to guide the path for ambulance. It enables
IV. EMERGENCY VEHICLE SYSTEM the further traffic led to function for clearing the path for the
The need of quick action emergency services is growing ambulance. Thus, the module at various system helps the
exponentially in the world. Road traffic has become genuine and ambulance to reach the hospital within time.
persistent issue throughout the world especially in densely V. CONCLUSION
populated developing countries, and disturbs the emergency
service vehicles to reach their destination on time. Controlling As the world grows, it emerges with complicated problems.
traffic and keeping roads clear can help immensely in reducing Internet has got solutions to many of problems, it is the
accidents and incidents that occur because of poor road and methodology which needs to be applied in a right manner to find
weather conditions. IoT road sensors can provide real-time data the equitable solution. Hence, we have synchronized the
from roads to help divert the flow of traffic away from areas of complications of the road platform with Internet of things to

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narrow down the problems. Our paper has introduced
technological idea using antenna system, RFID which are
configured with cloud platform via internet. The antenna system
helps the vehicles to identify edge and reduce the risk factor.
RFID technology contributes in guiding the emergency vehicles
with reduced congestion path. In comparison with paper [1], [2],
[3] we have overcome the problems of increased congestion and
priority operations, which makes the safety with more
complexions. The proposed method makes the process safer and
reliable. Hence, these advance technologies can significantly
mitigate severity of road disasters.

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