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    Chapter 2 RRL

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    Joanah Nichole Tinoy
    This document summarizes a study on acceptance and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among students in P-3 San Jose, Malaybalay City, Philippines. The study found that 45% of participants accepted the vaccine, 35% did not accept, and 20% were neutral. Males were more likely to accept than females. Those who believed vaccines are generally safe and willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to accept it. The study aims to understand acceptance levels and inform awareness campaigns to boost vaccine uptake.

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    Chapter 2 RRL

    Uploaded by

    Joanah Nichole Tinoy
    67 views7 pages
    This document summarizes a study on acceptance and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among students in P-3 San Jose, Malaybalay City, Philippines. The study found that 45% of participants accepted the vaccine, 35% did not accept, and 20% were neutral. Males were more likely to accept than females. Those who believed vaccines are generally safe and willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to accept it. The study aims to understand acceptance levels and inform awareness campaigns to boost vaccine uptake.

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    This document summarizes a study on acceptance and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among students in P-3 San Jose, Malaybalay City, Philippines. The study found that 45% of participants accepted the vaccine, 35% did not accept, and 20% were neutral. Males were more likely to accept than females. Those who believed vaccines are generally safe and willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to accept it. The study aims to understand acceptance levels and inform awareness campaigns to boost vaccine uptake.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    67 views7 pages

    Chapter 2 RRL

    Uploaded by

    Joanah Nichole Tinoy
    This document summarizes a study on acceptance and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines among students in P-3 San Jose, Malaybalay City, Philippines. The study found that 45% of participants accepted the vaccine, 35% did not accept, and 20% were neutral. Males were more likely to accept than females. Those who believed vaccines are generally safe and willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine were more likely to accept it. The study aims to understand acceptance levels and inform awareness campaigns to boost vaccine uptake.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    CHAPTER 2:

    REVIEW OF
    RELATED
    LITERATURE
    TITLE: Acceptance and Attitudes of Students Toward Covid-19
    Vaccines

    Vaccines are effective interventions that can reduce the high


    burden of disease globally.However, public vaccine hesitancy is a
    pressing problem for public health authorities. With the availability
    of Covid-19 vaccines, little information is available on the public
    acceptability and attitudes towards the Covid-19 vaccines in P-3
    San. Jose Malaybalay City,Bukidnon,Philippines. This study aimed
    to investigate the acceptability of Covid-19 vaccines and its
    predictors in addition to the attitudes towards these vaccines
    among public in P-3, San. Jose, Malaybalay City,
    Bukidnon,Philippines. Vaccines are one of the most reliable and
    cost-effective public health interventions ever implemented that are
    saving millions of lives each year. One major obstacle facing the
    achievement of such a goal is believed to be vaccine hesitancy and
    scepticism among the population worldwide. Vaccines hesitancy
    was defined by the WHO Strategic Advisory Group of
    Experts(SAGE) as “delayin acceptance or refusal of vaccination
    despite availability of vaccination services”. Vaccines acceptability
    is determined by three factors: confidence, convenience, and
    complacency. Confidence is defined as the trust in the safety and
    effectiveness of the vaccine,trust in the delivery system as the
    healthcare system, and the trust in the policy makers.Moreover,
    vaccination convenience refers to the relative ease of access to the
    vaccine that includes physical availability,affordability, and
    accessibility.Vaccine complacency is associated with a low realized
    risk of the vaccine-preventable disease and hence more negative
    attitudes towards the vaccines.Enough vaccine does to achieve the
    herd immunity thereshold will not be available till 2022. Hence, it is
    crucial to explore the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines and its
    predictors as well as the attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines
    among San. Jose population.
    A cross-sectional surveyed-based study was conducted in June
    2021. A convenient sample approach was adopted in this study
    where people from the different students of P-3, San.
    Jose,Malaybalay City,Bukidnon were invited to participate.
    Participants were encouraged to pass on the questionnaire to their
    contacts or acquintances. The main outcome of the study was the
    public acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine. The study was
    approved by the Chairman of Purok San. Jose,(Sanito Tito).The
    questionnaire used in this study was develop based on literature
    review and discussion within the research. The questionnaire was
    reviewed by Prk. Chairman for face validity. The final version of
    the questionnaire required estimated of 5-10 minutes to
    complete.Participants were asked to indicate if they were infected
    with COVID-19 or knew anyone who was infected with
    confirmation of diagnosis using standard laboratory testing
    protocols.As of now, I knew few people who were affected in
    COVID-19 (Frencis Vhe,2021). Another question item was
    dedicated to surveying participants who believe they may have
    contracted the virus but without a confirming test.We can contract
    the virus without a confirming test by following the health
    protocols, we just need to be obedient to follow the guidelines and
    rules for us to be safe and for us to limit the virus ( Jurieme,2021).
    Participants were asked to indicate their most trusted sources when
    seeking knowledge of COVID-19 vaccines. Besides, participants
    were asked about their concerns during the COVID-19
    pandemic.Of coure, if we have a hard question or seeking a
    knowledge or information, we’re always using internet or social
    media to know more information ( Alliyah Jane,2021)

    Participants were asked whether they accept to receive Covid-19


    vaccines when they are approved and available in San. Jose with 3
    response levels (non-acceptance, neutral, acceptance). The attitudes
    towards COVID-19 vaccines’ section consists of 6 statements with a
    5-point likert scale ( 5=strongly agree, 4=agree, 3=neutral,
    2=disagree, 1=strongly disagree), with question about hesitancy
    and concerns regarding COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 15 students
    were enrolled in the current study. More than half of them(60%)
    were females. Half of the respondents ( 40% ) were males.

    In the present study, 45% of the public were acceptable,35% were


    not acceptable and 20% were neutral to receive COVID-19 vaccines.
    On the other hand, males were more likely to have acceptance for
    COVID-19 vaccines compared to females.Furthermore, participants
    who stated that vaccines are safe in general were 9 times more
    likely to accept taking COVID-19 vaccines compared to those who
    stated that vaccines are not safe. Moreover, participants who
    expressed their willingness to pay for COVID-19 vaccines were 19
    times more likely to accept taking them compared to those who did
    not show their willingness to pay.

    This study sought to examine, for the first time, the San Jose’s
    population acceptance of covid-19 vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy
    could threaten the effective of COVID-19 vaccines once they
    become commercially available worldwide. Compared to reports
    from studies conducted on public acceptance and willingness to
    receive the COVID-19 vaccines worldwide.Younger participants
    were more likely to accept COVID-19 vaccines in the current study,
    contrary to studies reporting higher acceptance among older age
    groups. The low acceptance level of COVID-19 vaccines among
    San. Jose can be attributed to multi factors,some of which are
    shared with the wide global community.

    The Philippine government originally aimed to start its vaccination


    program as soon as February 2021. The government was aiming to
    secure at least 148 millionvaccine doses and vaccinate 50 million to
    70 million Filipinos within the year to reach herd immunity against
    COVID-19. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) has also
    expressed optimism that the country will receive around 44 million
    doses through the COVID-19 Vaccines Global Access (COVAX)
    facility, which “ provides governments with the opportunity to
    benefit from a large portfolio of COVID-19 candidate vaccines
    using a range of technology platforms, produced by more
    manufacturers across the world, with a bigger market to provide
    security of demand”. In the Philippines, the governments has been
    doing a lot of efforts to promote COVID-19 vaccinations among the
    genral public, assuring the vaccines’ safety and efficacy, especially
    those granted with Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) by the
    Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

    COVID-19 pandemic as with other previous pandemics is


    associated with feeling of fears, anxiety, and worries. However, it is
    unique in terms that people are not worried only about getting
    infected or transmit the disease to others, but they suffered societal
    and economic concerns due to the measures that were undertaken
    by the governments to confine the pandemic and stopping the
    human-human transmission of the disease. These measures include
    enforcement of curfews and lockdowns,social distancing and self-
    isolation,schools and universities closures, borders’ shutdown,
    travel restrictions,and quarantine. During the COVID-19 pandemic,
    people used multiple information resources to gain knowledge and
    health information about the disease,including
    television,radio,newspaper,social media,friends,co-
    workers,healthcare providers,scientists,governments,etc.

    In conclusion, vaccines perceived safety concerns and cost were


    associated with this refusal. Hence,the health authorities via health
    care providers, who were identified by the people as the most trust
    source of information regarding information about COVID-19
    vaccines, should design interventions in terms of awareness
    campaigns via all types of multimedia to spread more transparent
    information about the safety and efficacy of the vaccines. The
    awareness campaigns should also shed the light over the new
    technology that was utilized in the production of few of them in
    order to boost COVID-19 vaccines acceptance. Making the vaccine
    available for free or at subsidized prices by the government could
    as well enhance vaccines acceptance among the population.

    REFERENCES:
    1. World Health Organization. WHO Coronavirus Disease
    ( COVID-19) Dashboard: World Health
    Organization;2020[cited 2020 13 December]. Available from
    https://covid19.who.int/.
    2. Department of Health. PH to receive 5m to 9m
    ASTRAZENECA doses from COVAX by Q2.
    https://doh.gov.ph/doh-press-release/PH-TO-RECEIVE-5M-
    TO-9M-ASTRAZENECA-DOSES-FROM-COVAX-BY-Q2
    (accessed on 12 February 2021)
    3. Nicola M,Alsafi Z, Sohrabi C, Kerwan A,Al-Jabir A,losifidis
    C,et al.The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus
    pandemic(COVID-19):a review. International Journal of
    Surgery.2020;78:185-93.doi:
    https://doi.org/10.10616/j.ijsu.2020.04.018.
    4. FDA Approves First Treatment for COVID-19
    [Internet].2020.Available from; https://www.fda.gov/news-
    events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-treatment-
    covid-19
    5. MacDonald NE.Vaccine hesitancy: Definition,scope and
    determinants. Vaccine.2015:33(34):4161-4. Doi:
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.04.036.
    6. Luo M, Guo L, Yu M, Jiang W, Wang H. The psychological and
    mental impact of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on
    medical staff and general public- A systematic review and
    meta-analysis. Psychiatry Res.2020;291:113190.doi:
    https://doi.org/1016/?j.psychres.2020.113190.
    7. Charron J, Gautier A, Jestin C. Influence of information sources
    on vaccine hesitancy and practices. Med Mal Infect.
    2020;50(8):727-33.doi:
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2020.01.010.

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