This document provides a glossary of Japanese and English terms used in Aikido. It includes terms for body parts, directions, postures, techniques, training methods, falling, body movement, basic techniques, and attacks. Key terms defined include ukemi (falling), nage waza (throwing techniques), katame waza (joint lock techniques), and various grabs, strikes, and positions. The glossary serves as a reference for the technical vocabulary of Aikido.
This document provides a glossary of Japanese and English terms used in Aikido. It includes terms for body parts, directions, postures, techniques, training methods, falling, body movement, basic techniques, and attacks. Key terms defined include ukemi (falling), nage waza (throwing techniques), katame waza (joint lock techniques), and various grabs, strikes, and positions. The glossary serves as a reference for the technical vocabulary of Aikido.
This document provides a glossary of Japanese and English terms used in Aikido. It includes terms for body parts, directions, postures, techniques, training methods, falling, body movement, basic techniques, and attacks. Key terms defined include ukemi (falling), nage waza (throwing techniques), katame waza (joint lock techniques), and various grabs, strikes, and positions. The glossary serves as a reference for the technical vocabulary of Aikido.
This document provides a glossary of Japanese and English terms used in Aikido. It includes terms for body parts, directions, postures, techniques, training methods, falling, body movement, basic techniques, and attacks. Key terms defined include ukemi (falling), nage waza (throwing techniques), katame waza (joint lock techniques), and various grabs, strikes, and positions. The glossary serves as a reference for the technical vocabulary of Aikido.
Body Japans English Usage Ude Arm Udekimenage: arm throw Te Hand Tegatana : sword hand Mune Chest Munedori: grab lapels at the chest Koshi Hip Koshinage: hip throw Kote (Tekubi) Wrist Kotegaeshi: wrist turn (lock) throw Kata Shoulder Kata dori: grab the shoulders Hiji Elbow Hijikimeosae: elbow lock (rokyo) Eri / iri Neck, collar Eridori / iridori: grab the collar at the back of the neck Kubi Neck, throat Kubishime: strangulation
Directions Mae Forward Mae ukemi Ushiro Backward Ushiro ukemi Yoko Sideways Yoko ukemi Omote Front Ura Backside Uchi Inside Uchikaiten nage: inside wheel throw Soto Outside Sotokaiten: outside wheel throw Jodan High Jodan tsuki: strike (punch) at the head Chudan Middle Gedan Low
Posture Kamae Basic posture Hanmi (Basic)stand Han: half Hidari hanmi Basic stand with left foot forward Migi hanmi Basic stand with right foot forward Aihanmi Equal position Gyaku hanmi Mirror position Hanmi handachi Half sitting, half standing Shisei Attitude Shizentai Natural posture (feet together) Sankakuho Triangular position, feet are in hanmi Sankaku: triangle Seiza Sit on heels Kiza Kneeling on toes Jodan (no) kamae Position with weapon above the head Hasso (no) kamae Position with weapon next to the head
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AIKIDO GLOSSARY extended Techniques, training Waza Technique(s) Also: training method Katame waza (Joint) lock techniques Different from nage / nage waza Nage waza / nage Throw(s) Nage: sometimes also used as a synonym for tori Suwariwaza training in the sitting position Tachiwaza training in the standing position Hanmi handachiwaza sitting/standing training Tori defends in a sitting position while uke attacks in a standing position Kihon waza Basic techniques Jiyu waza Free techniques Free training Kaeshi waza Counter techniques Henka waza * Change techniques Change a technique during the performance of a technique Oyo gi/waza ** Applied technique Application of principles of the technique */** Henka waza are techniques in which you use one technique and then switch to the execution of another technique (for example from nikyo to rokyo, from ikkyo to iriminage). Oyo waza is the application of the principles of the technique: tori reacts to what is happening at that moment, for example because uke blocks. The distinction is sometimes difficult to make and henka waza / oyo waza may overlap. See a discussion on this: http://www.aikiweb.com/forums/showthread.php?t=2766. They are not actually a fixed sets of techniques, but a way (for advanced students) to investigate techniques. Henka waza is about the relationship between techniques and oyowaza about being able to react 'beyond the (basic) techniques' and giving a creative interpretation to personal techniques (jiyu oyogi). They are therefore not sets of examination techniques.
Exercise, practice Keiko Practice Suburi Solo practice with sword and stick Ikkyo undo Ikkyo movement in four directions Kokyu ho Breath power exercise Often at the end of the lesson Aikiken Sword (ken) exercises for Aikido Not: sword fighting (kenjutsu) Aikijo Stick (jo) exercises for Aikido Randori Throwing of more than one attackers
Falling Ukemi Fall, to roll Mae ukemi* Forward roll Mae ukemi (kaiten) Forward roll Mae ukemi chokuto Forward break fall Distribute the impact on the lower arms Ushiro ukemi (kaiten) Backwards roll Ushiro ukemi chokuto Backwards break fall Distribute the impact by straightening the arms Yoko ukemi (kaiten) Sideway roll Yoko ukemi chokuto Sideway break fall Distribute the impact by straightening the arm * Mae ukemi is most commonly used when referring to the forward roll. It is not common practice to say mae ukemi kaiten. However, mae ukemi chokuto is used to refer to the forward break fall. When both techniques are asked for in succession, mae ukemi kaiten can be used to emphasize the differences between the techniques.
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AIKIDO GLOSSARY extended Body movement Taisabaki Movement of the body Irimi Forward movement Tenkai Half rotation Turn without a step Tenkan Half rotation with step Turn with a step backwards Irimi tenkai / kaiten* Step forwards followed by half turn Step forwards and turn without further steps Ayumi ashi Walking With one foot in front of the other Tsugi ashi Sliding step One foot stays in front Shikko Walking on your knees *There is a difference of opinion on the use of kaiten as taisabaki. In Uchikaiten/Sotokaiten, 'kaiten' means: kaiten (wheel turn). But literally: kai = turn, ten = body. So tenkai and kaiten mean more or less the same thing: your body rotates / turns your body. Originally the taisabaki were: irimi, tenkai, tenkan, irimi tenkai, irimi tenkan (step in, turn, turn with step, enter and turn, enter and turn and one step backwards). There is also a language development to indicate Irimi tenkai simply as kaiten.
Basic techniques Ikkyo First form Nikyo Second form Sankyo Third form Yonkyo Fourth form Gokyo Fifth form Rokyo Sixth form Udeshigi, hijikimeosae Iriminage Entering throw Shihonage Throw of 4 directions Kotegeashi Throw by twisting the wrist Gaeshi: turn Uchikaiten nage Wheel throw from the inside Sotokaiten nage Wheel throw from the outside Uchikaiten kata katame Wheel turn with shoulder lock Koshinage Hip throw Udekimenage Arm lock throw Udegaraminage Arm wrapping throw Tenchinage Heaven and earth throw Jujigarami / jujinage Crossed arm throw Sumiotoshi Corner throw Kokyu nage Breath power throw Basic exercise, no technique
Attack Katate* One hand Dori Form Katatedori Wrist grab Aihanmi katatedori Wrist grab in crossed stance Gyaku hanmi katatedori Wrist grab in mirror stance Shomenuchi Strike the head from above Yokomenuchi Strike the head from the side Katadori Grab the shoulder
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AIKIDO GLOSSARY extended Sodedori Grab the sleeves of the suit Sode: sleeve Munedori Grab the lapels at the chest Ryotedori ryotemochi 2 hands grab 2 wrists Ryote: 2 hands Katate ryotedori 2 hands grab 1 wrist Also known as morotedori Katadori menuchi Grab the sleeve at the shoulder and strike at the head Tsuki Strike Chudan tsuki Strike the belly / solar plexus With or without weapon Jodan tsuki Strike towards the head Ushiro ryo(kata)tedori Grab 2 wrists from behind Ushiro ryo katadori Grab 2 shoulders from behind (Ushiro) munedakeshime Lock (from behind) Ushiro kubeshime Strangulation with wrist grab Iridori (eridori) Grab the back of the neck from behind Tanto dori Defence against knife Jo dori Defence against stick Tachi dori Defence against sword Futaridori / futarigake 2 attackers Atemi strike *In Japanese, the same sounds may have different meanings. In writing there is a difference (in the kanji), but during the pronunciation you can't hear this. Thus, kata can mean: one, shape or shoulder. Uchi means strike, inward or attacker. This can be confusing if you try a systematic approach to understand the terms.
Principles Ma-ai Distance Kime Projection Ki no nagare Flowing technique Kokyu Breath power Kokyu (ryoku) Kuzushi Disturbing / destroying the balance Sen Timing Zanshin Alertness
Numbers Native numbers
Ichi 1 Hitotsu Ni 2 Futatsu San 3 Mittsu Shi, yon 4 Yottsu Go 5 Itsutsu Roku 6 Muttsu Shichi, nana 7 Nanatsu Hachi 8 Yattsu Ku (kyu) 9 Kokonotsu Yu 10 Tô * Numbers are confusing in Japanese too. When you just list the numbers you will use different words than when you are counting objects. For different things there are different numeric systems you have to use in Japanese. There are different
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AIKIDO GLOSSARY extended numbers for animate and inanimate objects. There are also different numbers for height and width. And also there are different ways to refer to the numbers themselves. Here the list on the left is the Sino-Japanese (on’yomi) reading and the list on the right is the native kun’yomi reading.
Clothing Keiko gi Training suit Obi Belt Hakama Pants Traditional Japanese clothing Zori Slippers
Greetings Hai Yes Onegaishimasu Please (do your best) Domo arigato gozaimasu Thank you very much Zarei Sitting greetings Za: sit; Rei: greeting, bowing Ritsurei Standing greetings Reigi / reishiki Etiquette Shomen ni rei Greetings towards shomen Is used during examination rituals Sensei ni rei Greeting the teacher(s) Is used during examination rituals Otakai ni rei Greeting each other Is used during examination rituals
Various Tate Get up Hajime Start Budo Japanese martial arts Embukai Public demonstration Kamiza Central or high spot Also shomen Kata Shape, shoulder, one Tanden Center of the body Tachi Sword, portrait Katana, ken, to
