QUARTER III - Quadrilaterals

The Midline Theorem of Triangle

Can you still remember the different kinds of triangles? Did you know that
triangles can be cut to form a parallelogram? In this lesson, we will find on how it is
done.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

• Understand the midline theorem of triangle.

• Prove the midline theorem of triangle.
• Use midline theorem of triangle to solve problems.

PRE-COMPETENCY CHECKLIST

True or False. In ∆ABC, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are the midpoints of ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ respectively. Identify
𝐴𝐵 and 𝐵𝐶
if the statements below are true or false. Write true if the statement is true and false
if the statement is false.

̅̅̅̅ ≌ 𝐸𝐶
1. 𝐵𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ .

2. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 ≌ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 .

1
3. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 .
2

4. ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐵 ≌ ̅̅̅̅
𝐹𝐶 .

5. ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ .
𝐷𝐸 ≌ 𝐸𝐹
LEARNING EXPERIENCES

The Midline Theorem formally known as Varignon's theorem, states that a

parallelogram is formed when the midpoints of the sides of any convex quadrilateral are
connected in order. The area of the Varignon parallelogram is half of the original quadrilateral.

The Theorem:

The segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and half as long.

In ∆ABC, 𝐷 and 𝐸 are the midpoints of ̅̅̅̅

𝐴𝐵 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐶 . Where ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ and
𝐷𝐸 ∥ 𝐵𝐶

1
̅̅̅̅ ) = ̅̅̅̅
(𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 .
2

The midline theorem claims that cutting along the midline of a triangle creates
a segment that is parallel to the base and half as long.
 Here are some geometric facts to prove that midline cut works. Let us use the
half of the map of a mobile game called Mobile Legends: Bang Bang as triangle.

O
T
B

• ̅̅̅̅ and 𝑀𝐷
In ∆MID, 𝐵 and 𝑂 are the midpoints of 𝑀𝐼 ̅̅̅̅̅.
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐵 ≌ 𝐵𝐼 𝑀𝑂 ≌ ̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝐷
• By Vertical Angle Theorem. ∆MOB ≌ ∆DOT
• By Side-Angle-Side (SAS) Postulate, ∆MOB ≌ ∆DOT where
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐵 ≌ ̅̅̅̅
𝑇𝐷 by CPCTC
̅̅̅ ≌ 𝑇𝐷
𝐵𝐼 ̅̅̅̅ by Transitivity
∠BMO ≌ ∠TDO by CPCTC.
• Since a pair of alternate angles are formed which are congruent, then
̅̅̅ ∥ 𝑇𝐷
𝐵𝐼 ̅̅̅̅ and then formed parallelogram BIDT.

• ̅̅̅̅, therefore 𝐵𝑂
O is the midpoint of 𝐵𝑇 ̅̅̅̅ ≌ 𝑂𝑇
̅̅̅̅.

• In the parallelogram BIDT, there are two pair of opposite sides that are
parallel and congruent.
̅̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅
𝐵𝑇 𝐼𝐷
̅̅̅ and ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐼 𝑇𝐷

After proving the midline theorem using some of the geometric facts. you are
ready to use the theorem in solving problems.
 Here are the examples of solving problems using the midline theorem of
triangle.

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶

In ∆ABC, 𝐷 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ , respectively.

1. Find the measure of ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 12.

𝐷𝐸 if 𝐵𝐶
1
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ )
𝐷𝐸 = 2(𝐵𝐶

̅̅̅̅̅ = 1(12)
𝐷𝐸 2
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 = 6
̅̅̅̅ if ̅̅̅̅
2. Find the measure of 𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 = 15.
̅̅̅̅̅ = 2(𝐷𝐸
𝐵𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ )
̅̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 = 2(15)
̅̅̅̅̅ = 30
𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ if 𝐴𝐷
3. Find the measure of 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ = 3.
̅̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅)
𝐴𝐵 = 2(𝐴𝐷
̅̅̅̅̅ = 2(3)
𝐴𝐵

̅̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 = 6

4. If ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 = 2x+2 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 = 4x-2, find:
a. x
4x-2 = 2x+2
4x = 2x+4
4x-2x = 4
1 1
(2x) = (4) 2
2

X=2
b. ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 = 2x+2
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 = 2(2)+2
̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐸 = 6
 ̅̅̅̅
c. 𝐸𝐶
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 = 4x-2
̅̅̅̅ = 4(2)-2
𝐸𝐶
̅̅̅̅
𝐸𝐶 = 6

In ∆MGC, 𝐴 is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅̅

𝑀𝐺 and 𝐼 is the midpoint of ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐺 .

̅̅̅ , if ̅̅̅̅
1. Find the measure of 𝐼𝐶 𝐺𝐶 = 14.
̅̅̅ = 1(𝐺𝐶
𝐼𝐶 ̅̅̅̅ )
2

̅̅̅ = 1(14)
𝐼𝐶 2
̅̅̅ = 7
𝐼𝐶

̅̅̅̅̅ ≌ 𝐶𝐺
2. Given that 𝑀𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ , if 𝐺𝐼
̅̅̅ = 4 what is the measure of 𝑀𝐺
̅̅̅̅̅ ?
̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ )
𝐶𝐺 = 2(𝐺𝐼
̅̅̅̅ = 2(4)
𝐶𝐺
̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐺 = 8
̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 ≌ ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐺 , then ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 = 8
̅̅̅̅̅ ≌ 𝐶𝐺
3. Given that 𝑀𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ , if 𝐺𝐼
̅̅̅ = 3 and 𝑀𝐴
̅̅̅̅̅ = 5 what is the measure of 𝑀𝐺
̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐶𝐺
̅̅̅̅ ?

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 + ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅ ) + 2(𝑀𝐴
𝐶𝐺 = 2(𝐺𝐼 ̅̅̅̅̅)

̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐶𝐺
𝑀𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ = 2(3) + 2(5)

̅̅̅̅̅ + 𝐶𝐺
𝑀𝐺 ̅̅̅̅ = 6 + 10

̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐺 + ̅̅̅̅
𝐶𝐺 = 16
Summary/Key Points
The segment that joins the midpoints of two sides of a triangle is parallel to the third
side and half as long.

1
̅̅̅̅ ∥ ̅̅̅̅
𝐷𝐸 ̅̅̅̅ ) = ̅̅̅̅
𝐵𝐶 and (𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 .
2

For additional information about Factor Theorem, you may watch the videos in
this links:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VWX_WHMFjxI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qU80OVBYUEo

ASSIGNMENT
Upon learning the concepts of “Midline Theorem”, accomplish the given tasks. Submit
your output on IE. ([email protected]) or personal message me in Messenger.

̅̅̅̅ and 𝐸 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐶

A. In ∆ABC, 𝐷 is the midpoint of 𝐴𝐵 ̅̅̅̅ . Consider each given

information and answer the question that follow using the midline theorem.

1. Given that ̅̅̅̅

𝐵𝐷 = x+6 and ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐷 = 2x+2, what is ̅̅̅̅
𝐴𝐵 ?
̅̅̅̅ = 9x-13, and ̅̅̅̅
2. Given that 𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 = 3x-2, what is the value of x?
3. Given that ̅̅̅̅ ̅̅̅̅ = 10x-2, what is the value of x?
𝐷𝐸 = 3x+5 and 𝐵𝐶
̅̅̅̅ = 4x+6 where x = 4, what is ̅̅̅̅
4. Given that 𝐵𝐶 𝐷𝐸 ?
̅̅̅̅ = x2+6 and ̅̅̅̅
5. Given that 𝐸𝐶 𝐴𝐸 = 6x-2, what is the value of x?
B. Cite 1 example of real-life application of midline theorem.