Republic of the Philippines

Philippine Normal University

The National Center for Teacher Education
Mindanao
The Multicultural Education Hub
Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur

Name: Mariefe Deloso Yr./Section: BECED III

Course Professor: Dr. Bernadette A. Pastolero
Subject: 2S-ECED03 – Management & Leadership in Early Childhood

I - FLA 1

Direction: Search an article about the in-service early childhood teachers’ experiences during
the hiring process they went through and how did they responded to the challenges and
succeeded. Write your point of view below the article.

https://www.frontlineeducation.com/blog/tips-improving-teacher-hiring-process/

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feduc.2021.678692/full

Haley, a recently hired art teacher beamed while sharing her hiring experience. The principal
invited her into the art room to show her the program’s new pottery wheels, which had garnered
so much interest that the school couldn’t accommodate all students who wanted to elect
ceramics. She presented the problem to Haley and asked, “How do you feel about increasing
the number of students in pottery?” Haley offered a quick scheduling solution, which excited
the principal and made Haley feel like her insights would matter at the school.

Colleen, a new English language arts teacher, had a similar experience. She shared that her
most memorable interview question involved a data chart that displayed a student’s grades and
some notes from the school psychologist about the student’s behavioral progress. The
committee asked her to examine all the data and then explain how she would grade him at the
end of the year. Colleen recalled, “That was kind of cool, to be able to interpret real data and
talk about social-emotional learning and how it all comes into play.”

Sasha, a first-year elementary teacher, raved about a new teacher orientation that her district
held. She said, “At orientation, [the school] asked, ‘What are some resources that people have?’
And I was able to speak about the different technologies I knew and had used in the past. They
actually gave me a platform to speak, which was kind of weird because I was new – but they
seemed to be saying, ‘Hey, we already value you here and we want to hear what you have to
say.’”
Trish, a first-year English language arts teacher, had a similar experience. She felt as though
her hiring committee was looking to hire an early career teacher, like her. She explained, “After
they hired me, they told me, ‘We really liked your energy and we wanted someone excited to
come into the profession.’ They knew that I was experienced with a lot of different online
programs, too, and I think they sought that out. They wanted to hire someone younger, someone
who could teach them a lot. And while they’ve taught me a lot about the curriculum, I’ve
already made a big impact in changing how that curriculum is delivered and made more
accessible to students through technology.”

Mike, a new science teacher, said that only one of the districts that interviewed him shared their
interview questions visually, on slides. Although he would have really liked to see them before
the interview to prepare more thoughtful answers, he said that it was still helpful to see them
on a screen. He explained, “Instead of saying, ‘Can you ask this again?’ or ‘Can I write this
down really quickly?’ I could just look at the keywords on each slide which helped me focus
my answers and make sure I was actually addressing what they wanted me to instead of just
talking in circles.”

Kristy felt similarly about online interviews. Although a necessity during the COVID-19
shutdown, she said, “Sometimes when committees tried to squeeze all of the interviewers onto
one screen, all I would see was an arm and half of a face. It was hard. I didn’t know who I was
talking to. I couldn’t think because I was so confused by that, and I just couldn’t feel that
personal spark. There’s such a difference in going into the building for interviews. Especially
at the end of the year when students are still in school, and you can feel that energy.”

The teaching and learning process assumes a different shape in times of crisis. When disasters
and crises (man-made and natural) occur, schools and colleges need to be resilient and find
new ways to continue the teaching–learning activities (Chang-Richards et al., 2013). One
emerging reality as a result of the world health crisis is the migration to online learning
modalities to mitigate the risk of face-to-face interaction. Universities are forced to migrate
from face-to-face delivery to online modality as a result of the pandemic. In the Philippines,
most universities including Cebu Normal University have resorted to online learning during
school lockdowns. However, this sudden shift has resulted in problems especially for learners
without access to technology. When online learning modality is used as a result of the
pandemic, the gap between those who have connectivity and those without widened. The
continuing academic engagement has been a challenge for teachers and students due to access
and internet connectivity.

Considering the limitation on connectivity, the concept of flexible learning emerged as an

option for online learning especially in higher institutions in the Philippines. Flexible learning
focuses on giving students choice in the pace, place, and mode of students’ learning which can
be promoted through appropriate pedagogical practice (Gordon, 2014). The learners are
provided with the option on how he/she will continue with his/her studies, where and when
he/she can proceed, and in what ways can the learners comply with the requirements and show
evidences of learning outcomes. Flexible learning and teaching span a multitude of approaches
that can meet the varied needs of diverse learners. These include “independence in terms of
time and location of learning, and the availability of some degree of choice in the curriculum
(including content, learning strategies, and assessment) and the use of contemporary
information and communication technologies to support a range of learning strategies”
(Alexander, 2010).

One key component in migrating to flexible modality is to consider how flexibility is integrated
into the key dimensions of teaching and learning. One major consideration is leveraging
flexibility in the curriculum. The curriculum encompasses the recommended, written, taught
or implemented, assessed, and learned curriculum (Glatthorn, 2000). Curriculum pertains to
the curricular programs, the teaching, and learning design, learning resources as assessment,
and teaching and learning environment. Adjustment on the types of assessment measures is a
major factor amid the pandemic. There is a need to limit requirements and focus on the major
essential projects that measure the enduring learning outcomes like case scenarios, problem-
based activities, and capstone projects. Authentic assessments have to be intensified to ensure
that competencies are acquired by the learners. In the process of modifying the curriculum
amid the pandemic, it must be remembered that initiatives and evaluation tasks must be
anchored on what the learners need including their safety and well-being.

Curriculum recalibration is not just about the content of what is to be learned and taught but
how it is to be learned, taught, and assessed in the context of the challenges brought about by
the pandemic. A flexible curriculum design should be learner-centered; take into account the
demographic profile and circumstances of learners–such as access to technology, technological
literacies, different learning styles and capabilities, different knowledge backgrounds and
experiences - and ensure varied and flexible forms of assessment (Ryan and Tilbury,
2013; Gachago et al., 2018). The challenge during the pandemic is how to create a balance
between relevant basic competencies for the students to acquire and the teachers’ desire to
achieve the intended outcomes of the curriculum.

The learners’ engagement in the teaching-learning process needs to be taken into consideration
in the context of flexibility. This is about the design and development of productive learning
experiences so that each learner is exposed to most of the learning opportunities. Considering
that face-to-face modality is not feasible during the pandemic, teachers may consider flexible
distant learning options like correspondence teaching, module-based learning, project-based,
and television broadcast. For learners with internet connectivity, computer-assisted instruction,
synchronous online learning, asynchronous online learning, collaborative e-learning may be
considered.
Point Of View:

As an aspiring early childhood educator, you must possess the appropriate temperament.
Patience, creativity, sensitivity, communication skills, and the ability to connect with children
are undoubtedly the most critical attributes. However, you are also required to have the
necessary education and certifications, and each state has its criteria for licensed instructors.
Before you begin your career as an early childhood educator, you should research the
requirements in your state or school district.
Due to the highly specialized nature of educating young children, several institutions demand
a degree in early childhood education or child development. Numerous preschools request at
least an associate's degree, while most Montessori institutions require a bachelor's degree.
Generally, a Bachelor's degree in early childhood education qualifies you to teach up to the
third grade. Naturally, obtaining a graduate degree in education or teaching in this profession
enhances your talents, employment prospects, and options for career progression.
Once you have earned your degree, you should research the criteria in your state for obtaining
an official teaching certificate. The Professional Recognition Council the Childhood
Development Associate (CDA) External link certification is available in various disciplines of
early childhood education. National certification is also available via the National Council for
Accreditation of Teacher Education External link. Additionally, it is essential to remember that
you must finish a unique Montessori teacher education program External link to teach in a
Montessori school. Once qualified, the most critical component of building a career is
experience. Numerous preschool and Montessori instructors begin as teaching assistants to get
classroom experience before becoming teachers.

II – Think About It

Direction: As a school administrator, what will you do with the following situations:

1. First day of the school. There is a big enrollment in the kindergarten about 50 pupils
and there is only one classroom. What will you do as an administrator?

So that the classroom does not get too packed, I will temporarily break the class into
two sessions for the next several weeks. In addition, there are morning and afternoon
sessions. After that, I will devise a strategy to construct another classroom in order to
solve the issue of a shortage of classroom space.

2. The school is obliged to open a kindergarten class but there are no tables, chairs and
other equipment available. What are you going to do?
 I will take into consideration the class size when estimating the number of children that
will enroll in the kindergarten class. After that, I'll prioritize the creation of tables, seats,
and other equipment that the students will need. I'll also provide an educated guess as
to how many tables, chairs, and other pieces of equipment will be required.

III. Formative Test

Direction: Read and answer the following questions carefully.

1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of belonging to a professional early

childhood organization? Give an example of professional organization that you are
involved with.

ADVANTAGES:

#1: Continuing education

Membership in a professional organization is particularly beneficial for those
who work in the legal industry because these associations typically hold
educational meetings that provide updates on the issues that affect their jobs.
From recent changes in the law to new technological tools that will make their
jobs easier, events and trainings hosted by these organizations provide
continuing legal education to help you stay updated on virtually everything
happening in the legal world, often for free or at a reduced cost.
#2: Job prospects
Many legal professionals have experienced this scenario: “I can’t find a job
because I don’t have any experience but how can I get experience if I can’t find
a job?” Obtaining employment in the legal industry can be extremely
challenging, particularly for a new graduate. But many professional
organizations offer career resources to help members break into the job market
or find a new position. Being a member of one of these organizations can help
you get your foot in the door.
#3: Mentoring programs
One of the greatest benefits of joining a professional organization is the
opportunity it likely provides to either be a mentor or find one. Mentorship
offers the ability to learn the industry from someone who has been working in
it for years. Or you can give back by sharing your expertise with someone new
to the field. These authentic mentoring relationships beat paying money to some
proclaimed expert any day.
#4: Networking opportunities
Professional associations usually offer numerous events throughout the year
that allow legal professionals to network with their peers, including local events
and annual conferences. Many of these conferences are intended as a way for
members to connect with local and national leaders within the legal industry to
expand their professional networks.
#5: Access to resources
Another benefit to membership in a professional association is the access you
get to newsletters, magazines, and other publications that can offer helpful
information about the legal industry. Such resources may also provide news
about upcoming events, conferences, meetings, and even career opportunities
not publicized elsewhere.
#6: New perspective
Legal professionals are often extremely busy and can get stuck in their own little
bubbles. Being around other industry professionals with different viewpoints
will expose you to new ideas and outlooks. This can have a very positive effect
not only on your personal growth and development, but impact the overall
success of your law firm as well.
#7: Professional development
Beyond the critical CLE offerings, most associations for legal professionals also
provide some form of professional development opportunities. These come in
the form of workshops, online classes, or member-only materials.
Your career doesn’t have to depend on what is available to you within your firm.
Development opportunities from an association are intended for your personal
and professional improvement, even if it doesn’t benefit your firm right away.
#8: Getting your name (and your firm’s) out there
Professional organizations can be a great way to increase your own visibility,
as well as that of your employer. This increased visibility can be essential when
trying to enhance your own professional brand, especially in the beginning of
your career, and can help your firm grow, since potential clients like to do
business with a familiar face.
#9: Certification Assistance
For those working on certification, another benefit of membership is the chance
to enroll in a review course that will help them prepare for and ultimately pass
the certification exam. Such review courses are typically offered in partnership
with the educational institution hosting the review, so you’re more likely to
become adequately prepared.
#10: Time to recharge
Late nights and weekends spent in the office are commonplace for legal
professionals. But being a member of a professional community will get you
out of the firm to connect with like-minded professionals who likely share at
least some of the same interests. After all, you all chose to work in the legal
industry, right? Take time to connect with others who have made the same
decision and are facing the same experiences.

DISADVANTAGES:
Fees
Most professional organizations require the payment of annual fees. There may also be
an initial application fee as well. While $100 or so doesn't seem like much, it adds up
when you join the state and national associations of several professional organizations.
For example, as a Certified Public Accountant, you could join the state CPA Society,
AICPA or national association, American Accounting Association and National
Association of Accountants, as well as any city or state associations. And let's not forget
the Accountants and Financial Professionals, National Association of Black
Accountants and Association of Latino Professionals in Finance and Accounting
Association. And then there are the small-business associations and any industry
association for the company you work for, if you're not in private practice.
Time
National associations may have an annual meeting, while your state association has a
monthly meeting. That may only be one evening per month. However short the meeting
is, your time does have value. If you belong to more than one association, you could
end up with weekly meetings chewing up your time. Time is also involved reading the
monthly newsletter, emails and publications. These associations may have benefits by
keeping you on top of what's happening in your industry, but the downside is you aren't
meeting new potential clients.
Expenses
In addition to the applications and membership fees, you'll also be spending money on
association breakfasts, lunches and dinners as well as transportation costs or gas
expenses.
Socializing
As one of the characters in the movie "The Quiet Man" said "when I drink whiskey, I
drink whiskey; and when I drink water, I drink water." His point was to focus on one
objective at a time, not mix the two. If the professional meeting is primarily oriented
toward socializing, rather than business, it may not be of enough value to attend. Some
 associations dedicate more meeting time for mixers, nibbling snacks and sipping drinks
than they do for business.
Pressures
Once you join, you may be blissfully left alone. On the other hand, you may receive
weekly or monthly reminders to increase your pledge, take a position on a committee
or recruit other members. The association may take a stance on a policy that you don't
agree with and assume that all members will support it. A profession includes people
with a wide variety of political alignments, religious beliefs and personal values.
Sometimes an association forgets that.
NOTE: I don’t have professional organization that I am involved with.

2. What are the most rewarding parts of preschool teacher’s job? Defend your answer.

Being a preschool teacher means you help enrich children’s lives, not just through core
educational skills like mathematics, reading, and science, but also responsibility,
analytical skills, and building self-confidence.

Nothing makes a teacher prouder than seeing their students succeed, knowing they have
helped give kids the skills they need for the future. The following are the most
rewarding parts of preschool teacher’s job:

Influencing the Future

As a teacher, you are giving children the skills they need to go out into the world and
succeed. It really doesn’t matter at what stage in a child’s life this happens, so whether
you are teaching five-year-olds letter sounds or high schoolers about photosynthesis,
you are giving them what they need to go on and do bigger and better things and build
upon those skills.

Help Build Self-Esteem

Teaching isn’t all about learning ABC’s and 123’s. It’s about building confidence in
students to help them with the drive to succeed. Academically, this could be helping a
child get through a lesson they find particularly difficult. Spending that little bit of extra
time to get them through something they’re struggling with and seeing how excited they
are when they start to make connections makes it all worth it.

This isn’t just when it comes to academic things too; it can be about making friends,
finding the encouragement to present in front of the class or even with some guidance
on what to do for the future and applying for university. You are your students’ biggest
cheerleader in school, so let them know about it and give them the self-confidence they
need to keep going.
 You Get to Work in a Fun, Creative Setting

Long gone are the days where classrooms were drab and dull, and the only colour
around was that on the textbooks. Now classrooms are fun, vibrant places of learning
where creativity is encouraged. Teachers often get a bit of creative freedom when it
comes to how they want to arrange their classroom. It should emulate a positive feeling
and create a pleasant learning environment. You get to make it a welcoming place that
your students (and you!) will want to spend their days in. How many other professions
allow you to do that?

Every Day is Different and Exciting

Teaching means that every day is different, no mundane or repetitive work here! Sure,
you will have to grade papers, have routine meetings, and do paperwork, but for the
most part, no two days are the same. Every day you will work on different tasks with
your students, and of course, they will never bore you either!

Each day is a chance to work with young minds and teach new things. One thing you
will see every day, though, is the smiles on children’s faces as they work and play in
the classroom you have set up for them.

You Make Learning Fun

Kids will come into your classroom excited to learn when you make lessons more fun
and enjoyable, and there is really nothing better than seeing your students eager to learn.
Reading about a topic is great, but putting it into action is even better, such as running
an experiment or doing a particular kind of art project whilst incorporating new skills.
Often, kids are excited to tell their parents about what they did that day when learning
is fun!

3. What are the needed requirements for a preschool program to operate?

The main government institutions that regulate the establishment of preschools is the
Department of Education (DepEd). To give the reader information, here are some of
the basic requirements that you must comply with:

• Complete the GPR-4 Form. This is primary form provided by the DepEd for
those interested in applying for a Preschool, Day Care Center, Primary or
Secondary schools.
• Submit the Articles of Incorporation and By-laws. You must first register
with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) as you need to form a
corporation and acquire a corporate name.
• Present Copy of the Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) and document of
ownership of the school site or copy of Lease Contract (at least 10 years).
 • Find an acceptable location and determine the size of the preschool. The
proposed site must not be hazardous to health or morality, and the location must
be conducive to the learning process. The area must be a minimum of 500 square
meters, although a minimum of 200 square meters is allowed if there is an open
space to complete the requirement that is not more than 200 meters away. Note
that classrooms used by preschool children must be on the ground floor only.
• Present a certification of bank deposit. Besides the usual requirement of the
SEC to show the paid-up capital, the DepEd requires certification that sufficient
funds are available to run the school’s operation for at least one year.
• Present a proposed budget. Create a planned budget and forecast of
expenditures for the nest year, as approved by the Board of Trustees/Directors.
• Plan on campus development and list of facilities. This would include all
those necessary in order to properly teach the listed courses along with the
support services. Note that pictures of the site, rooms and facilities are also
required.
• List of personnel and qualifications. This should include school
administrators and both teaching and non-teaching personnel.
• Bond Agreement. This is in the amount of 1,000 per course with a maximum
of Php5,000 per school regardless of the number of courses.
• Be reminded that requirements change; do verify with the DepEd for the
most current rules.

4. What are the possible problems encountered by the different teaching staff and the
school director?

o Paper-based processes
Educational institutions are burdened by cumbersome paperwork and manual
processes, and they find it difficult to maintain records on attendance, fees, admissions,
transport, etc., and track the information they need. Using School Management System,
automate academic processes to save time and reduce staff workload.
o Online Registration
Students no more have to stand for hours in the queue to pay fees. Simplify registration
and fee collections with online forms, with the ability to send automatic notifications,
alerts and reminders via email, SMS alerts and push notifications from mobile devices.
o Admission & Enrollment
Colleges and Universities are finding hard to achieve admission and enrollment targets.
Aligning people, processes and technology with simple & user-friendly cloud-based
education solution will help institutions to manage information from inquiry and
application to admission and enrollment.
o Course Management
Designing a course curriculum that can adapt to the changing needs of the institution is
crucial. With a Course Management System institution can accomplish a lot with
limited resources. Create and track course-work, assignments, and exam papers in a
conducive classroom environment to support the goal of graduating students.
o Teacher Evaluation
Tracking the progress of teachers and evaluating the effectiveness of teachers' work is
significant. Teacher evaluation system improves communication and collaboration
between evaluators and teachers. Student’s feedback will measure teacher’s
performance in the classroom and the automated evaluation process improves
student learning skills, achievement and success.
o Communication & Collaboration
There is apparently no platform to provide seamless communication between students,
administrators, staff and teachers. Moreover, increasing student discipline incidents
happen as a result of big communication gap between students and teachers. Web and
mobile-based education management system improves communication through instant
notifications and alerts via email, SMS and push messages to keep the constituents
informed at every step of the journey to build relationship and improve student
retention.
o Classroom Management Strategy
Schools are finding it difficult to handle tardy students, and solve indiscipline and
behavior issues. Improve classroom environment with discipline tracking and behavior
management system to easily handle tardy students and uninformed absences.
o Student Monitoring
Teachers are struggling to monitor student’s activities including attendance, leave,
discipline, assignments, etc. School administrators are lacking in result-based
monitoring tools to track student progress. Automate and streamline student attendance
and absenteeism using student information system which delivers real-time status
updates of student activities to support learning needs.
o Revenue Management
It is difficult for institutions to cope with their finances and track their fee collections
and contributions. Seamlessly connect and engage with students, parents and alumni to
strengthen relationship and drive greater success.
o Forecasting the academic achievement
Institutions are unable to manage information and there are endless delays in taking
decisions based on complete analysis. Dashboard reports and intelligent analytics are
useful indicators for educators to examine attendance, assignments, grades, etc. and
 predict student outcomes. Using data analytics will help institutions to identify students
at-risk and deploy resources to improve achievement and success.

5. How can you motivate the volunteers to help and assist your program?

Each volunteer is an individual and what is seen as motivation for one individual may
not be for another, so having a range of motivation techniques can help you identify
what your volunteers respond to best. Here are 8 tips to help your charity motivate
volunteers.
o Show respect
Arguably the most important aspect of managing volunteers happy is to show them
respect. They are giving up their own time to help further your charity's cause and
showing respect is an integral part of building trust and empathy with them.
o Communicate
Regular meetings are vital as they will give your volunteers a sense of direction,
especially at the beginning of their service. Make sure you give volunteers a chance to
have their say and provide support and supervision when it's a new area of responsibility
for them.
o Have an open-door policy
Try to be accessible and approachable; volunteers should feel comfortable coming to
you for advice and if they have any questions or concerns. In addition, you should
attempt to "check-in" with them from time to time.
o Find common goals
The chances are your volunteer has chosen to contribute for a number of reasons; to
give something back to the community, to meet new people, or to give them something
to do. Sit down with them and work out what role is going to provide the most value
for their own reasons for volunteering, as well as what is going to be beneficial for your
charity.
o Recognize achievement
The effect of recognition and praise plays a huge part in keeping volunteers motivated.
Although volunteers are unlikely to have joined your cause in order to receive praise,
that doesn't mean to say it won't drive them to continue to produce quality results.
o Build team spirit
Try to build a sense of community within your team; the more comfortable volunteers
feel, the more likely they are to feel relaxed and, in turn, be more productive. You could,
for example, host a gathering to allow volunteers to get to know each other or arrange
to go for a meal every few months.
o Encourage development and training
Almost all volunteers want to maximize the contribution they make to their charity, yet
many receive limited training. Investing in personal development and training, even if
it is scaled down from what employees receive, not only gives volunteers a better
understanding of their role but motivates them to better themselves. Read our quick
guide to training volunteers for more information.
o Accommodate
Try to be as flexible as possible to your volunteers. Ultimately, they offering up their
free time in order to help your charity, so be as accommodating as you can if they need
to take time off or are unable to work their usual routine.