Scribd
Upload
3K views7 pages

Class 8 - Urbanisation Explanation - Worksheet - 1

The document discusses various topics related to urbanization including: 1. It defines urbanization and describes the historical processes that have shaped modern cities like industrialization, colonial rule, and democratic ideals. 2. It discusses the causes and impacts of urbanization, noting both positive impacts like improved standards of living but also negative impacts like housing shortages and pollution. 3. It describes concepts like satellite towns and smart cities as solutions to problems arising from large urban populations, and initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission aimed at improving sanitation.

Uploaded by

dinaabhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3K views7 pages

Class 8 - Urbanisation Explanation - Worksheet - 1

The document discusses various topics related to urbanization including: 1. It defines urbanization and describes the historical processes that have shaped modern cities like industrialization, colonial rule, and democratic ideals. 2. It discusses the causes and impacts of urbanization, noting both positive impacts like improved standards of living but also negative impacts like housing shortages and pollution. 3. It describes concepts like satellite towns and smart cities as solutions to problems arising from large urban populations, and initiatives like Swachh Bharat Mission aimed at improving sanitation.

Uploaded by

dinaabhi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

Boys’ High School and College, Prayagraj

Session 2021-2022
Class – VIII
Subject- Geography
Chapter 4- Urbanisation (August)
Worksheet - 1
Explanation

Urbanization is the process of urban growth that leads to a greater percentage of


the population living in towns and cities. It is the movement of people from rural
areas to urban areas that is towns and cities.
Three historical processes have shaped modern cities in decisive ways:
 The rise of industrial revolution
 The establishment of colonial rule over large parts of the world
 The development of democratic ideals.

Industrialization changed the form of urbanization in the modern period:

 The early industrial cities of Britain such as Leeds and Manchester attracted large
numbers of migrants to the textile mills set up in the late 18th century.
 The agricultural revolution and the enclosure movement and industrialization
were the major factors which led to growth of Manchester and London as the
modern cities.
 Bombay and Calcutta developed during colonial era. Large number of farm
workers left their homes in search of jobs. Most of them came from the present
day regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar etc.

Causes of Urbanization
People migrate from rural to urban areas due to push and pull factors:
Pull factors include better economic opportunities, better jobs, better quality of
life, better services.
Push factors may include lack of economic opportunities division of land, lack of
services etc.
Pull factors are those that attract people to major cities whereas push factors are
those that push people from the countryside to the major cities.

Positive Impact of Urbanization


 Improved standards of living- Urbanization leads to the creation of employment,
better job opportunities, availability of technological facilities, improvement in
infrastructural facilities, etc. The quality of education also improves, and people
are provided with better medical facilities and health care requirements. People
become financially stable enough to avail all these facilities with better quality.

 Improved market potential- City life generates the market potential of the
population. Their shopping potential increases and it leads to the development of
malls and shopping complexes. This increases trade opportunities and helps in the
growth of independent businesses.

 Availability of better services- Proper medical care, education, transportation etc.


are more developed in urban areas. Even the recreational facilities are more
advanced in urban settlements. Due to the advancements in the field of
technology urban areas can also provide a variety of services to people.

Negative Impact of Urbanization

 Housing problems- An increase in the number of people within any area results in
problem of accommodation. Hence, urban areas face a scarcity of housing
facilities. Since there is lack of housing facilities, many people are forced to share
small living spaces. This has increased congestion in urban areas. It increases
pressure on land and resources, creating a scarcity of basic amenities.
 Unemployment- since many people migrate to cities in search of jobs, employing
every one of them becomes difficult.

 Water scarcity and sanitation problems- where the population increases


resources remain minimum therefore big cities face water scarcity. Since there
are too many people inhabiting a small region in urban cities, it results in
inadequate sewage facilities.

 Problem of Slums- Shortage of land leads to slums. Slums have invariably extreme
unhygienic conditions. People suffer from water borne diseases like blood
dysentery, diarrhea, malaria, typhoid, jaundice etc. Child mortality rate is higher
in slums. Slum dwellers are more vulnerable to environmental disasters and
pollution.

 Rise in crime rate- The economic problems give rise to various social issues such
as crime and violent conflict. An economic backdrop in the city leads to many
social crimes like kidnapping, murder, theft, robbery etc.

 Garbage disposal- Huge quantities of garbage and harmful gases produced by


cities pose a serious health problem. Most cities do not have proper
arrangements for garbage disposal and the existing landfills are full to the brim.
These landfills are hotbeds of disease and innumerable poisons leaking into their
surroundings people who live near the rotting garbage and raw sewage fall easy
victims to several diseases like dysentery, malaria, plague, typhoid etc.

Future of Urbanization
By 2050, it’s projected that more than 2/3 of the world population will live in
urban areas. Construction of environment friendly cities or satellite towns or
smart cities is the answer to the emerging multiple problems of the mega cities.

Satellite towns are smaller municipalities that are adjacent to a metropolitan


area. Some examples of Indian satellite cities are:
Delhi- Gurgaon, Noida, Faridabad, Ghaziabad.
Mumbai-Navi Mumbai, Thane, Kalyan
Kolkata- Rajpur-Sonarpur.

Advantages of Satellite Cities:


1. Besides providing its residents with superior quality of living in the form of road
connectivity, electricity, water drainage and other important amenities, it also
enables to propel the local economy.
2. It leads to appreciation in prices of land and residential property in and around
the satellite city.
3. Transport infrastructure developed in satellite cities provides its residents easy
accessibility and enables to decongest traffic in the main city.
4. Satellite cities provide a scientific balance between the population and the
resources needed by them leading to environment friendly and sustainable
development.

Concept of Smart City

A smart city uses information and communication technology (ICT) to improve


operational efficiency, share information with the public and provide better
quality of government service and citizen welfare. There are different parameters
by which a city is considered as smart city. Governance, planning, public
management, use of technology, human capital and economy are some of the
parameters. Indian government has also initiated the smart city project.

Core infrastructure elements in a smart city would include:


1. Adequate water supply
2. Assured electricity supply
3. Sanitation, including solid waste management
4. Efficient urban mobility and public transport
5. Affordable housing, especially for the poor
6. Robust IT connectivity and digitalization
7. Sustainable environment
8. Good governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation
9. Safety and security of citizens particularly women, children and the elderly, and
10. Health and education

Keeping in mind the ill effects of waste of humans, the Union Government of
India has launched Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan.

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)or Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan or Clean


India Mission
Swachh Bharat Abhiyan is an initiative started by government of India to make the
country completely clean of any mess or littering, thereby making every nook and
corner of the nation clean and tidy. Swachh Bharat Mission was launched by
Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi on 2nd October, 2014 to urge people to fulfill
Mahatma Gandhi’s vision of a clean India, on his 150th birth anniversary in 2019.
These campaigns were carried out nationwide in more than 4,000 districts/ towns
in India. The aim of the mission is to eliminate the open defecation, conversion of
insanitary toilet to pour flush toilet, eradication of manual scavenging and above
all to bring about a behavioural change in people regarding healthy sanitation
practice and to ensure public participation in achieving these aims.

Need and Importance of the mission


Cleanliness is interlinked with the country’s tourism and global interests. More
tourism will bring more revenue. It is important for India to display high standards
of hygiene and cleanliness to change the overall global perception people have
about our country.
 This mission is the biggest social initiative taken up by the Government of
India to enhance hygiene standards.
 The movement has helped in cleaning up the streets, roads, and
infrastructure in many cities, small towns, and rural areas of India.
 High-levels of advocacy has helped in reducing open defecation and
promote building household owned and community owned toilets. This has
risen the hygiene and sanitation standards in the country.

*******************************************************************

You might also like