Solution of Tutorial Sheet-3 (Three Phase Networks)

1. A high-voltage generator is connected to a 3-phase wye connected load through a

transmission line. Each phase of the line has impedance Zl, and the load is a balanced
wye with branch impedance Z. Line to line voltage, |Vab| = 45kV, Zl = (0.5 + j3) Ω, Z =
(4.5 + j9) Ω. Find the line currents, power consumed by the load and line losses. Draw
the phasor diagram.

Ans. Given, |Vab| = 45kV, Zl = (0.5 + j3) Ω, Z = (4.5 + j9) Ω

Hence, Vab = 45300 kV (Fig. 1(a))

Fig.1 (a) Fig. 1(b)

𝑉𝑎𝑏 45
Therefore, 𝑉𝑎 = 0 = 0 𝑘𝑉
√3 √3
The phasor diagram for phase currents is shown in Fig. 1 (b).
45⁄
𝑉𝑎 √3
𝐼𝑎 = = =1.998-67.380 kA
𝑍𝑙+𝑍 (5+𝑗12)
𝐼𝑏 = 1.998 − (67.38 + 120) = 1.998 − 187.380 = 1.998172.620 kA
𝐼𝑐 = 1.998(120 − 67.38) = 1.99852.620 kA

Power consumed by the load, 𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 3 × |𝐼𝑎|2 × 𝑅 = 3 × 1.9982 × 4.5 = 53.892 MW

Power lost in lines, 𝑃𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 3 × |𝐼𝑎|2 × 𝑅𝑙 = 3 × 1.9982 × 0.5 = 5.988 MW

2. A balanced 3-phase a-b-c system with line-to-line voltage Vab = 20800 V supplies to
a balanced  connected load of 3 kW with a power factor of 0.8 (lag) through ideal
conductors. Find the line currents. Draw the phasor diagram.

Ans. Given, Vab = 20800 V supplies to a 3 kW balanced  connected load at 0.8 pf lagging
Therefore, 3 × 𝑉𝑝ℎ × 𝐼𝑝ℎ × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 3 𝑘𝑊
3000
or, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = = 6.01 A
3×208×0.8
Hence, 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 6.01 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 −1 (0.8) = 6.01-36.8690 A
𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 6.01-(36.869+120)0 = 6.01-156.8690 A
𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 6.01(120-36.869)0 = 6.0183.130 A

Therefore, line currents,

𝐼𝑎 = 𝐼𝑎𝑏 − 𝐼𝑐𝑎 = 6.01 − 36.869 − 6.0183.13 = 10.409 − 66.8690 A
𝐼𝑏 = 𝐼𝑏𝑐 − 𝐼𝑎𝑏 = 6.01 − 156.869 − 6.01 − 36.869 = 10.409 − 186.8690 A
𝐼𝑐 = 𝐼𝑐𝑎 − 𝐼𝑏𝑐 = 6.0183.13 − 6.01 − 156.869 = 10.40953.130 A

Fig. 2(a) Fig. 2(b)

3. A balanced 3-phase delta connected load of 160 kW, connected to a balanced line
voltage of 1100 V, 50 Hz, takes a leading current of 100 A. Find the circuit constants of
the load per phase.

Ans.
100
Given, 𝑉𝑝ℎ = 110000 V, 𝐼𝑝ℎ = 𝜃 A
√3
Therefore, 3 × 𝑉𝑝ℎ × 𝐼𝑝ℎ × 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 160 × 103
160×103
or, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = = 0.839
3×1100×100⁄
√3
or, 𝜃 = 32.8820

𝑉𝑝ℎ 11000
And, 𝑍𝑝ℎ = = 100 = 19.053 − 32.8820 Ω = (16 − 𝑗10.344) Ω
𝐼𝑝ℎ ⁄ 32.882
√3

Fig. 3
Therefore, 𝑅𝑝ℎ = 16 Ω

And, 𝑋𝑝ℎ = 10.344

1
or, = 10.344
2𝜋𝑓×𝐶𝑝ℎ
1
or, 𝐶𝑝ℎ = = 307.724 𝜇𝐹
2𝜋×50×10.344

4. Calculate the value of XC in Fig. 4 such that the combined circuit behaves as a three-
phase balanced resistive network.

Fig. 4
Ans.
Convert Star equivalent into Delta
( 18+j 24)(−jXc) ( 18+j 24)(−jXc)
Zeq = =
18+j24−jXc 18+j(24−Xc)

(24 Xc− j 18 Xc) (18−j(24−Xc))

Zeq = [18+j(24−Xc)] [18−j(24−Xc)]

24Xc∗18−j24Xc(24−Xc)−j 182 Xc−18Xc(24−Xc)

Zeq =
182 +(24−Xc)2

Im[ Zeq] = 0

−24Xc(24−Xc)−182 Xc
=> =0
182 +(24−Xc)2

=> 242 Xc – 24Xc2 + 182 Xc = 0

=> 24Xc2 = (242 + 182)Xc

=> Xc =37.5 Ω.
 5. For the 3-phase balanced system of Fig. 5 calculate the current phasors IR1 and IR2 as
marked in the figure with R-phase supply voltage as reference (sequence be RYB). For
each phase Z=10∟𝟑𝟎𝟎 Ω and Z1=30∟−𝟗𝟎𝟎 Ω.

Fig. 5.
Solution:
|VL| = 400 V VL = 400∠30° V
400
VR = ∠0° V
√3

400 400
∠0° ∠0°
√3 √3
IR1 = = = 23.094∠ − 30° A
𝑍 10∠30°

IR2 = IR1 + (VRY/ Z1) - ( VBR/Z1)

400∠30° 400∠150°
IR2 = 23.094∠ − 30° + −
30∠−90° 30∠−90°

IR2 = 23.09 ∠29.98° A

6. For the circuit shown in Fig. 6, calculate the branch currents of the ∆ connected load
and the active and reactive power consumed by it.

Fig. 6.
Ans. As the load is balance, iR + iY + iB = 0
=> 10∠0° + iy +10∠120° = 0

=> iy = 10∠-120° A
10
IRB = ∠-30° A IBY
√3
IB
10
IRY = ∠30° A IRY
√3
30
10 IR 0
IBY = ∠90° A 30
√3
IRB
10 2 IY
SRY = 3*(5 + j5) ( ) = 500 + j500 = SRB = SYB
√3

Therefore P = 500 W and Q = 500 VAR Fig. 6(a)

7. In the circuit of Fig. 7, A three phase balanced voltage source is supplying power to a
three phase load as shown in Fig. 3. Calculate the line currents.

Fig. 7
Ans.
Since load and source are balanced, Per phase analysis is carried out

IL,VL are load phase voltage and load line currents respectively.
20000 20000 8333.333
|𝑉𝐿 | = = = − − − − − −(1)
3 ∗ |IL | ∗ cos θ 3 ∗ |IL | ∗ 0.8 |IL |

400
|Vs | = − − − − − −(2)
√3

Apply KVL we will get

 |Vs |∠θ = |𝑉𝐿 |∠0° + (|IL |∠ − 36.86°)(0.1 + j1)

|Vs |∠θ = |𝑉𝐿 |∠0° + (|IL |)(0.8 − j0.6)(0.1 + j1)

|Vs |∠θ = |𝑉𝐿 |∠0° + (|IL |)(0.68 + j0.74)

Substitute eq(1) in above expression, we will get

8333.333
|Vs |∠θ = + (|IL |)(0.68 + j0.74)---------(3)
|IL |

Equalize magnitude on both sides

2
8333.333
|Vs |2 =( + (|IL |) ∗ 0.68) + (0.74 ∗ |IL |)2
|IL |

|Vs |2 ∗ |IL |2 = 0.682 ∗ |IL |4 + 0.742 ∗ |IL |4 +(11333.33|IL |)2 + 8333.3332

Substitute |Vs| value in above expression, we will get

1.012 ∗ |IL |4 ± 42000|IL |2 + 8333.3332 = 0

|IL |=41.52A

Substitute |IL |in eq(3) to get Vs

8333.333
|Vs |∠θ = + (41.52)(0.68 + j0.74) = 230.988∠7.644°V
41.52
Line currents by taking VL as reference

𝐼𝐿𝑎 = 41.52∠ − 36.86°A

𝐼𝐿𝑏 = 41.52∠ − 156.86°A

𝐼𝐿𝑐 = 41.52∠ − 276.86°A

Line currents by taking Vs as reference

𝐼𝐿𝑎 = 41.52∠(−36.86° − 7.644°) = 41.52∠ − 44.56A

𝐼𝐿𝑏 = 41.52∠ − 164.56°A

𝐼𝐿𝑐 = 41.52∠ − 75.44°A

8. A wattmeter reads 5.54 kW when its current coil is connected in R phase and its voltage
coil connected between the neutral and the R phase of a symmetrical 3-phase system
 supplying a balanced load of 30 A at 400 V. What will be the reading on the instrument if
the connections to the current coil remain unchanged and the voltage coil be connected
between B and Y phases? Take phase sequence RYB. Draw the corresponding phasor
diagram.

Ans.

Given
Balanced star connected load with neutral available.
Line to Line voltage magnetude =400V
Line current magnitude=30A
Phase voltages are calculated as
400∠0°
𝑉𝑅𝑁 = = 230.940∠0°𝑉
√3
𝑉𝑌𝑁 = 230.940∠ − 120°V

𝑉𝐵𝑁 = 230.940∠ − 240°V

Line to Line voltages are given by

𝑉𝑅𝑌 = 400∠30°𝑉

𝑉𝑌𝐵 = 400∠ − 90°V

𝑉𝐵𝑅 = 400∠ − 210°

Case1: (current coil is connected in R phase and its voltage coil connected between
the neutral and the R phase as shown in Fig. 8(a)).

Fig. 8(a)
Wattmeter1 reads the following reading

W1 = |VRN | ∗ |IR | ∗ cos(θ) = 230.94 ∗ 30 ∗ cos(θ) = 5.54kW

Where ө(PF angle) is the angle between VRN, IR

cos(θ) = 0.8

θ = −36.8698°

(Assumption is lag power factor load)

Case2: (the connections to the current coil remain unchanged and the voltage coil
be connected between B and Y phases as shown in Fig. 8(b)).

Fig. 8(b)
Wattmeter1 reads the following reading

W2 = |VBY | ∗ |IR | ∗ cos(∠(VBY , IR )) = 230.94 ∗ 30 ∗ cos(90° − 36.86°)

W2 = 7.2kW

Phasor diagram: (Shown in Fig. 8(c))

Fig. 8(c)
 9. Calculate the readings of the two wattmeters (W1 and W2) connected to measure the
total power for a balanced delta-connected load fed from a three-phase, 400 V balanced
supply with phase sequence as R-Y-B as shown in Fig.9. The load impedance per phase
contains capacitive reactance, Xc=14 Ω and resistance, R=14 Ω.

Fig. 9.
Ans.
Given Line to Line voltage=400V,R=14Ω,Xc=14Ω

Let VRY is taken as reference

𝑉𝑅𝑌 = 400∠0°𝑉

𝑉𝑌𝐵 = 400∠ − 120°V

𝑉𝐵𝑅 = 400∠ − 240°V

Phase currents is calculated as

400∠0°
𝐼𝑅𝑌 = = 20.2∠45°A
14 − j14

𝐼𝑌𝐵 = 20.2∠ − 75°A

𝐼𝐵𝑅 = 20.2∠ − 195°A

Line currents are calculated as

𝐼𝑅 = √3 ∗ 20.2∠(45 − 30)° = 34.9874∠15°A

𝐼𝑌 == 34.9874∠ − 105°A

𝐼𝐵 = 34.9874∠ − 225°A

Wattmeter1 reads the following reading

 W1 = |VRY | ∗ |IR | ∗ cos(θ1) = 400 ∗ 34.9874 ∗ cos(15° − 0°) = 13.52kW

Where ө1 is the angle between VRY, IR

Wattmeter2 reads the following reading

W2 = |VBY | ∗ |IB | ∗ cos(θ2) = 400 ∗ 34.9874 ∗ cos(−225° − 60°) = 3.62kW

Where ө2 is the angle between VBY, IB