LESSON 1: UNDERLYING PHILOSOPHIES OF Globalization ‘offers extensive opportunities for

truly worldwide development, but it is not

THE STUDY OF GLOBALIZATION
progressing evenly’
: CONFIGURING
Hutton & Giddens, as cited by
- KFC Looks to Conquer Africa with Fried Chicken Cuturela (2009) emphasized that globalization
Chain to open hundreds of restaurants in a is the interplay of extraordinary technological
dozen countries (ARTICLE) innovation mixed with influence of the world
: CONNECTING that gives today’s changing its complexity.

- defining globalization Science and knowledge have become perhaps

- Identifying the underlying philosophies of the the most significant factor in the determination
- varied definitions of globalization of the country/s standard of living

: DECODING THE FIVE CORE CLAIMS OF MARKET

GLOBALISM
- WH questions that can help better understand
the lesson 1. Globalization is about the liberalization and
global integration of market
: ADVANCING

- globalization defined - liberal ideal of self-regulating market as the

normative basis for a future global order
The term globalization is not new in the modern
context. Many researches, debates and 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible
discussions were made as to the meaning of the
word. Cuturela (2012) cited a published work, - globalization as the spread of irreversible
Towards New Education, which used the term market forces driven by technological
“globalization” in 1930. innovations that make the global integration of
national economies inevitable
Globalization means to designate an overview
of the human experience in education. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization

The work of Giddens (1991) has supported this - no individual, no government or no institution
claim when he highlighted in his definition that has the control over globalization
globalization is the process of intensifying social
relationship among countries around the world 4. Globalization benefits everyone

Robertson (1992), in his article, Globalization: - Globalization provides great opportunities for
Social Theory and Global Culture, defined the future
globalization as the “understanding of the world
and the increased perception of the world as a 5. Globalization furthers the spread of
whole” democracy in the world

Steger (2005) cited Freeden (2003) who pointed - the level of economic development resulting
out that globalization denotes not an ideology, from globalization is conducive to the creation
but ‘a range of processes nesting under one of complex civil societies with a powerful middle
rather unwieldy epithet. He furthered that class
global flows occur in different physical and
mental dimensions.

Opined that globalization should be confined to

a set of complex, social processes that are
changing out current social condition

The International Monetary Fund (IMF, 2000)

identified some overviews of various areas of
globalization.

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 LESSON 2: THE GLOBAL ECONOMY According to Gereffi, the global economy can be studied
at different levels of analysis.
: CONNECTING

- Distinguish economic globalization and modern

world system First is at the macro level
- Identify the actors that facilitate economic
- this includes the international organizations and
globalization
regimes that establish rules and norms for the
- Articulate a stance on global economic
global community. The World Bank, the
integration
International Monetary Fund, the World Trade
: CONFIGURING Organization, and the International Labor
Organization are the existing international
- Trade takes center stage
organizations that make impact to the economy
- The Economy Takes Center Stage
of the world.
in 2016 Campaign (ARTICLE)
- The regional integration schemes like the
: DECODING European Union and the North American Free
Trade Agreement are also part of these
- WH questions that can help better understand organizations.
the lesson

Next is the meso level

: ADVANCING
- it is believed that the building blocks for the
- THE GLOBAL ECONOMY global economy are the countries and firms

- The global economy is seen as the arena in

“Why the regions around the globe are having which countries compete in different product
glaring differences when it comes to economy?” markets

For the past centuries, the global economy has The last is at the micro level.
significantly changed. In the 11th century, the long - There is a growing literature on the resistance to
distance trading flourished between Venice and the globalization by consumer groups, activists, and
Netherlands. transnational social movements
There was the birth of capitalism. (18TH CENTURY)
- Therborn (2000) expressed, “… nationally
Conversely, the standards of living of most of the determined actors meet, interact, and influence
population in the globe have remained at the each other.”
subsistence levels until in the middle of 18th century.

In Gary Gereffi’s journal, The Global Economy:

- The development of a world trading system over
Organization, Governance, and Development, he
a period of several centuries helped to create
mentioned that the global changes are attributed to
the tripartite structure of core, semi peripheral,
how the global economy is organized and governed.
and peripheral economic areas.
Nowadays, the various countries’ strategies on
development are influenced by the new degree on how - According to world-systems theory, the upward
industries are organized. These development strategies or downward mobility of nations in the core,
are manifested in a shift in theoretical frameworks from semi periphery, and periphery is determined by
those centered on the legacies and actors of nation- a country’s mode of incorporation in the
states capitalist world-economy

to a greater concern with supranational institutions and

- The foundation for a process of industrialization
transnational organizations.
and new international divisions of labor on a
Developed countries and developing countries like the global scale is attributed to the dynamics of the
Philippines have to fully understand the impact of the capitalist world-system.
contemporary global economy to improve their position
in the global system - Adam Smith, an eighteenth-century political
economist, defined “division of labor” as the
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 specialization of workers in different parts of the
production process, usually in factory setting.

- Gereffi stressed that the division of labor also

acquired a geographical dimension during the
influx of industrial economies as evolved.

- In a global scope, the “classic” international

division of labor was between the industrial
countries producing manufactured goods and
the non-industrialized economies that supplied
raw materials and agricultural products to the
industrial nations which became a market for
basic manufacturers.

- Years after World War II, trade flows have

become far more complex, and so have the
relationships between the developed and the
developing nations of the global economy.

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 LESSON 3: MARKET INTEGRATION

: CONFIGURING

- Globalization and Labor Market Integration in

Late Nineteenth- and Early Twentieth-Century
Asia

By: Gregg Huff and Giovanni Caggiano

: CONNECTING

- Explain the role of international financial

institutions in the creation of a global economy
- Identify the attributes of global corporations

: DECODING

- WH questions that can help better understand

the lesson
- From the article read, define what market
integration is.

Markets are integrated if adjustment mechanisms

operate to correct deviations from a wage differential or
“gap”.

- Extract the statements that prove that there

was market integration in Asia.
- Describe the labor market integration in the late
19th century and in the early 20th century.

: ADVANCING

- The Rise of the Global Corporation By: Deane

Neubauer

Part One: The historic rise of the global corporation—

three periods

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